3 pwm produced water quality&charact

8/11/2019 3 PWM Produced Water Quality&Charact

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EniTecnologieEniTecnologie

PRODUCED WATER MANAGEMENTPRODUCED WATER MANAGEMENT

PRODUCED WATER QUALITY &PRODUCED WATER QUALITY &

CHARACTERISATIONCHARACTERISATION

Laura Biassoni


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CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED WATERCHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED WATER

WATERWATER

QUALITY CONTROLQUALITY CONTROLDISPERSED /

DISSOLVED

HYDROCARBONS

CHEMICAL

COMPOSITION

SUSPENDED

SOLIDS

DISSOLVEDTREATMENT

CHEMICALS

PRESENCE OF

RADIOACTIVE

MATERIALS(NORM)

BACTERIA

CONTENT

DISSOLVED

TOXIC

HEAVYMETALS

DISSOLVE

D

GASES

(O2,CO2

,H2S)

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PRODUCED WATERPRODUCED WATER

FIELD MONITORING (1)FIELD MONITORING (1)

ChemicalChemical // biologicalbiological analysesanalyses ofof fieldfieldwaterswaters

Salinity

pH

Alkalinity

Water-cut

Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB)

Calcium

Magnesium Chlorides

Sulphates

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FIELD MONITORING (2)FIELD MONITORING (2)

OxygenOxygen contentcontent

Colorimetric kits

Suspended solidSuspended solid evaluationevaluation

The procedure includes size, mineralogical andchemical composition of suspended solids.

Reference Procedure: NACE standard TM-01-73,

based on filtration tests

HydrocarbonHydrocarbon contentcontent (DIN 38409 standardprocedure)

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COLLECTION OF FIELD & PLANT DATACOLLECTION OF FIELD & PLANT DATA

Map of the wells (producers and injectors)

Salinity profile of the field

Petrophysical/petrographic characteristic of the formation

Chemical analyses of formation, injected and produced

waters

Significant PVT study

Current temperature and pressure of reservoir and surface

plant

Scheme of the current water treatment plant

Type & procedure of the current chemical treatments

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SCOPE OF THE LABORATORY STUDYSCOPE OF THE LABORATORY STUDY

TO EVALUATE THE PRODUCED WATER QUALITY INORDER TO DEFINE THE MOST SUITABLE STRATEGY OFWATER RE-USE.

TO OPTIMISE THE WATER TREATMENT WITH THEMOST APPROPRIATE CHEMICALS

TO SELECT THE MOST ECONOMICAL RE-INJECTION /DISPOSAL PROCESS WITHOUT DAMAGING THEFORMATION (WATER INCOMPATIBILITY,HYDROCARBON CONTENT, SUSPENDED SOLIDS, etc.)

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CHEMICAL & ISOTOPIC WATER ANALYSESCHEMICAL & ISOTOPIC WATER ANALYSES

pH Salinity

Relative density Total Alkalinity

Residue at 110, 180 and 600 C ChlorideSodium Sulphate

Potassium Carbonate

Lithium Bicarbonate

Calcium Hydroxide

Magnesium FluorideBarium Bromide

strontium Formate

Iron Acetate

Manganese PropionateAmmonia Butyrate

Silica Borate

Hydrogen/Deuterium Oxygen 16/18()

() to discriminate between formation and injection waters

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DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED HYDROCARBONSDAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED HYDROCARBONS

ContinuousContinuous injectioninjection ofof suspendedsuspended hydrocarbonshydrocarbons intointo thethe

formationformation graduallygradually increasesincreases thethe radiusradius of the zone ofof the zone of

affected permeability and may dramatically reduceaffected permeabil ity and may dramatically reduce injectivityinjectivity..

IfIf thethe hydrocarbonshydrocarbons containedcontained in thein the injectedinjected water arewater are greasegrease,,

andand heavierheavier lubricatinglubricating oilsoils fromfrom pumpspumps oror otherother surfacesurface

equipmentequipment ,, waxwax or/or/oxidizedoxidized crude,crude, theythey exhibitexhibit highhigh viscosityviscosity,,

limitedlimited solubilitysolubility withwith inin situsitu oil and generate aoil and generate a reducingreducing effecteffect

onon permeabilitypermeability..


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DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED SOLIDSDAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED SOLIDS

SuspendedSuspended solidssolids areare usuallyusually defineddefined asas the nonthe non--water, nonwater, nondissolveddissolved substancessubstances thatthat existexist in the water.in the water. TheseThese maymay

typicallytypically includeinclude materialsmaterials suchsuch asas ironiron sulfidessulfides andand oxidesoxides,,

precipitatedprecipitated carbonatescarbonates andand sulfatessulfates,, sandsand andand siltsilt ,, oilsoils,,

paraffinsparaffins andand asphaltenesasphaltenes, and, and materialsmaterials ofof biologicalbiological originorigin..

TheThe suspendedsuspended solidssolids maymay alsoalso bebe consideredconsidered asas thethe

materials in the water that may cause plugging andmaterials in the water that may cause plugging and lossloss ofof

injectivityinjectivity inin injectioninjection wellswells..


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DAMAGE DUE TO INJECTION OF SOLIDSDAMAGE DUE TO INJECTION OF SOLIDS

PARTICLESPARTICLES

LARGER THANLARGER THAN

33%33% OF THEOF THE

POREPORE

DIAMETERDIAMETER

EXTERNALEXTERNAL

FILTER CAKEFILTER CAKE

PARTICLESPARTICLES

BETWEENBETWEEN

14 TO 33%14 TO 33%

OF THE POREOF THE PORE

DIAMETERDIAMETER

PARTICLESPARTICLES

SMALLER THANSMALLER THAN

14%14% OF THEOF THE

PORE THROATPORE THROAT

APERTUREAPERTURE

DEEPER INVASIONDEEPER INVASION

INTO THEINTO THE

FORMATION ANDFORMATION AND

INTERNALINTERNAL

FILTER CAKEFILTER CAKE

PASS THROUGH THEPASS THROUGH THE

PORES WITHOUTPORES WITHOUT

BLOCKAGEBLOCKAGE


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WATERWATER--ROCK COMPATIBILITYROCK COMPATIBILITY

Formation damage evaluation (field

approach).

The scope is the determination of the

filtration size required to avoid formationdamage problems. Produced wateris

filtered through various mesh sizes and

injected through core samples of theinterval.


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SAMPLINGSAMPLINGSAMPLING

CORE

FLOODING

CORECORE

FLOODINGFLOODING

FILTRATION

TEST

FILTRATIONFILTRATION

TESTTEST

The test apparatus consists of the membranefilter holder, sample receiver, sample connections

and fittings, and pressure regulation devices.

As an alternative when the test cannot be run

on line, a sample reservoir may be used

TEST SEQUENCE OF CORETEST SEQUENCE OF COREFLOODING TESTFLOODING TEST

The test permits the evaluation of permeability

reduction due to the presence in water ofsuspended hydrocarbons & solids


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SAMPLE POINTSSAMPLE POINTS

Special care must be taken to ensure that a

representative sample of the water is obtained.

Samples must be taken at points that will not

contain matter from stagnant areas, largeamount of macro-solids such as debris nad

matter not representative of produced water,

and at points which are disproportionatelyconducive to collecting oil or solids


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PRODUCED WATERPRODUCED WATER BELAYIM (MARINE) FIELDBELAYIM (MARINE) FIELD

WATER SAMPLINGWATER SAMPLING

OUTLET SKIMMER BEFOREOUTLET SKIMMER BEFORE

FLOTATION UNITFLOTATION UNITFLOTATION UNITFLOTATION UNIT

SAMPLING


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2

BELAYIM (LAND) FIELDBELAYIM (LAND) FIELD


INLET FLOTATION UNITINLET FLOTATION UNIT

OUTLET FLOTATIONOUTLET FLOTATIONUNITUNIT

SAMPLING


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UNFILTERED WATER TAKENUNFILTERED WATER TAKEN

BEFORE THE FLOTATION UNITBEFORE THE FLOTATION UNIT

BELAYIM (LAND) FIELDBELAYIM (LAND) FIELD


OIL

WATER WITHWATER WITH

SUSPENDED SOLIDSUSPENDED SOLID



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EffectEffect ofof SuspendedSuspended HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

before injection

afterinjection

inlet

before injection

afterinjection

3 pwm produced water quality&charact

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