3-anatomy of fishes by lk

7/24/2019 3-Anatomy of Fishes by Lk

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ANATOMYANATOMYofof

FISHESFISHES


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General determination featuresGeneral determination features

of the ordersof the orders

Salmoniformes one adipose n on the back behind the dorsal n, no barbs

Perciformes rough scales, small, ventralns under or nearly behind the pectoral ns,usually sharp spine in front the dorsal n

Gadiformes ventral ns in front thepectoral ns, one single barb on lower jaw

Scorpaeniformes tadpole look, nakedbody without the scales,markedly big fan-shaped pectoral ns

Gasterosteiformes single spines infront the dorsal n


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General determination features of theGeneral determination features of the

ordersorders

Acipenseriformes asymmetrical caudal n,! raws of the ganoid scales along the body

Siluriformes - naked body without anyscales, " to # barbs around the mouth cavity

Anguilliformes ventral ns absent,snake-like body shape

Cpriniformes no teeth in the mouth, $-%-"-&' barbs or without the barbs, cycloid smoothscales

Esociformes elongate body shape, the headdorsally (attened,big mouth cavity, with raws of teeth, dorsal nmoved backwards to the same level as the analn


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)he traditional torpedo-shaped image of a shdoesn*t re(ect the manyvariations of sh shapethat e+ist

ishes come from a

variety of locations, andtheir bodies havebecome adapted to suitthese di.erentenvironments/ sh*s shape will tell

you a good deal aboutits living style0 what typeof system it inhabits,how it feeds, and whatkind of swimmer it is

1+ternal anatomy


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!O"Y SHAPE AN" P#$POSE

)he basic 2fusiform2sh shapehas evolved to suit di.erent livingconditions such as the rate ofwater(ow in the habitat and thelocation of food3isc-shaped body - )he narrow,laterally, compressed shape ofthis is suited to slow moving

waters)hin, deep-sectioned body - )hebody contains muscles whichenable it to skim over the waterlat-bottomed body -)his shapehelps riverbed dwellers to hug the

bottom4ylindrical body - )he shape suitsfast-(owing waters5traight topped body - / shwhich has a straight dorsal prole,swims just below the surface


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Fis% of t%e speed&current 'atersFis% of t%e speed&current 'aters

fusiform body shape low back, flat or only a little convex ventral part of the

body strong caudal fin base large fins

)rout

6arbel


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Fis% li(ing near t%e )ottomFis% li(ing near t%e )ottom

cylindrical body shape convex dorsal part flat ventra part

Gobies


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Carni(orous *s%esCarni(orous *s%es fusiform or cylindrical body shape

big head strong caudal fin base large fins

Asp


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Fis%es of t%e slo'&currentFis%es of t%e slo'&current

'aters'atershigh (convex) dorsal part of the body

body markedly laterally flattenned narrow caudal fin base

Bream

8umpkinseed


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T%e Outer Co(ering

ishes have two layers of skin0 a thin outer layer known as the epidermis,and a thicker inner layer known as the dermis9n most cases, the sh*s body is encased in a scaly e+terior )heseoverlapping plates, which grow out of the skin, provide streamlining andprotectionagainst injury )he scales are covered in a thin mucus layerthat protects against parasites and gives 2slip-ability2

Colour as camou+age

ishes are colour-shaded from top to bottom, with a dark top and a lightunderside, camou(aging them against the riverbed from predators above

:ther colour patterns serve as species and se+ recognition, o.ercamou(age within the sh*s natural habitat, and;or give visual warnings

to other species that the sh may be poisonous

5ome marine shes have colour patterns that mimicthose of speciesthat they prey on 9n some species the eye is hidden in a black area, anda false 2eye2 is featured elsewhere in the colour scheme to givediversionary protection if the sh is attacked


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1pidermis1pidermis )hree cell types)hree cell types

1pidermal1pidermal

GobletGoblet

5acciform5acciform

)he funcions of the mucus0)he funcions of the mucus0

&&3ecreas of the supercial friction3ecreas of the supercial friction

$$)he scent orientation, predator versus prey,)he scent orientation, predator versus prey,

spawning migrationsspawning migrations

6lood coagulation trombokinase6lood coagulation trombokinase

%%5pawning eruption


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4orium4orium

8igment cells chromatofors8igment cells chromatofors melanop%orsmelanop%ors black colour black colour

er%trop%orser%trop%ors red colour red colour

,antop%ors,antop%ors yellow colour yellow colour

guanop%orsguanop%ors silvery colour silvery colour

4hanges of the colouring during the life4hanges of the colouring during the life

- juvenile colouring, mating dress, mimicry,- juvenile colouring, mating dress, mimicry,

the missing pigmentation


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8lacoid scales are found in5harks and ?ays, andresemble small teeth-likeprojections from the skin/@uarium shes haveelasmoidscales, whichrise directly from thedermis, and these may beof two types0 ctenoid orcycloid 5ome shes haveone sort only, others haveboth types 4tenoid - have

comb or teeth-likee+tensions to the rearedge 4ycloid - is roundand smooth /rmoured4atshes don*t havescalesA instead, theirbodies are covered with

two


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1+ternal anatomy1+ternal anatomy


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T%e FinsT%e dorsal and anal *ns

)he dorsal and anal ns are used to keep the sh upright, acting like keels 9n somespecies, the anal n has become modied as a spawning aid )he anal ns of some4haracins have tiny hooks on them, and it is believed that these help keep the male

and female close together when spawning

T%e caudal *n

6etter known as the tail, this n provides the 2nal drive2 to push the sh throughthe water 8ower is generated by muscles in a series of strong, wave-like motionsalong the length of the body

T%e adipose *n

)his small, e+tra single n is carried by some shes on their dorsal surface, betweenthe proper dorsal n and the caudal n 9t has no rays within its fatty tissuestructure, and seems to serve no apparent purpose

T%e paired *ns

ishes maneuver by means of the paired ns )hese are the pectoral ns which aresituated just behind the gill cover, and the pelvic or ventral ns which emerge justin front of the anal n )hese ns correspond roughly to the limbs of mammals, andcan be used in a wide variety of ways


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Lobefishes (Sarcopterygii)Lobefishes (Sarcopterygii)

LOBE-FINSLOBE-FINS


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Ray-finnedbony fishes (Actinopterygii) RAY-FINS


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Caudal *nCaudal *n

Heterocercous Homocercous Difycercous

External symmetryExternal symmetryExternal asymmetry

Anatomical asymmetry

Anatomical asymmetryAnatomical symmetry


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ish with continuouscaudal ns any continuously swimming sh have for-ed caudalns

ish with truncatecaudal ns are usuallystrong, but slow, swimmers

ish with roundedcaudal ns are usually strong, but slow,swimmers

Caudal Fins

)he caudal - or tail n, is responsible forpropulsion in most bony sh


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5tructure of the n5tructure of the n5pines non-bifurcate hard

5pines bifurcate - soft


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Mout%s )he mouth is an important clue tofood source for bony sh

.argeor eating whole sh or chunks of

sh

Smallor nibbling on plants and smallanimals

"orsalor eating near the surface

Anterioror eating in the water column

/entralor eating on the bottom


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The size of the mouth is positively correlatedThe size of the mouth is positively correlated

with the size of the foodwith the size of the food

8redatory shes :thernot predatory shes

8lanctonophagous shes

Orientation of t%e mout%Orientation of t%e mout%


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7ower mouth


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!ar)s!ar)sE :ften present near or around the mouth openings in variousnumber

Esensory receptors


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Ees of t%e *s%Ees of t%e *s%

)he siFe is depending on the sh species etology

5upercial sh

3eep-sea sh

ish of the clean waters

ish of the muddy waters


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1+ternal anatomy

8erciformes


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1+ternal anatomy 5iluriformes


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1+ternal anatomy


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cartilaginous fishhaveclaspersmodied frompelvic ns

)hese areintromittentorgans, usedto channelsemen intothe female*scloacaduring

copulation

1+ternal anatomy4hondrichthyes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_fish


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9nternal anatomy9nternal anatomy


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5keleton5keleton


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)opografy of a+ial skeleton of carp)opografy of a+ial skeleton of carp

5cull


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8leural ribs and intermuscular bones8leural ribs and intermuscular bones

of the carpof the carp

B i


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1yes bones-circumorbitalia

4over bones ofneurocranium1ar capsule

Gill cover


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1yes bones1yes bones

Supraorbitale

II. Suborbitale IV. SuborbitaleIII. Suborbitale

I. Suborbitale

(lacrimale)

V. Suborbitale

4over bones of4over bones of


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4over bones of4over bones of

neurocraniumneurocranium

Ethmoideum

Praefrontale

Frontale


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1ar capsule1ar capsule

Parietale EpioticumSupraoccipitale

Posttemporale

Pteroticum

Postparietale


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aw archaw arch

Praemaxillare

Articulare PterigoideaQuadratum

entale

Angulare

!axillare


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)he breathing of the sh)he breathing of the sh

>ain ain


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- The gills lie in a branchial chamber covered by a

bony operculum. The great majority of bony fish

species have four pairs of gills.- The operculum can be important in adjusting the

pressure of water inside of the pharynx to allow

proper ventilation of the gills, so that bony fish do

not have to rely on ram ventilation and hence nearconstant motion! to

breathe.

-"alves inside the

mouth #eep the water

from escaping.

?espiratory 5ystem?espiratory 5ystem


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6 thi6reathing t f thmo ements of the


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6reathing6reathingmovements of themovements of the

gill coversgill covers9nhale9nhale 1+hale1+hale

& :perculum

$ >embranabranchiostegalis

Gills


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Gills


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T%e gill arc%es of )on *s% tpicall %a(e no septum0 sot%at t%e gills alone pro1ect from t%e arc%0 supported )indi(idual gill ras2

Marine teleostsalso use gills to e,crete electroltes2 T%egills3 large surface area tends to create a pro)lem for *s%t%at see- to regulate t%e osmolaritof t%eir internal +uids25altwater is less dilute than these internal (uids, so saltwater shlose large @uantities of water osmotically through their gills )oregain the water, they drink large amounts of seawaterand e+crete the

salt reshwater is more dilute than the internal (uids of sh, however, sofreshwater sh gain water osmoticallythrough their gills
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmolarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmolarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleost


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/essels/essels


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Arteriae )ranc%iales a4erentesArteriae )ranc%iales a4erentes 5 )lood5 )lood

'it%out o,gen from t%e %eart to t%e'it%out o,gen from t%e %eart to t%e

gillsgillsCapilaries 5 in secondar lamellae 5 gasCapilaries 5 in secondar lamellae 5 gas

e,c%angee,c%ange

Arteriae )ranc%iales e4erentesArteriae )ranc%iales e4erentes 5 )lood5 )lood'it% o,gen from gills to t%e )od0 t%en'it% o,gen from gills to t%e )od0 t%en

t%e connect toget%er into t%e aortat%e connect toget%er into t%e aorta

dorsalisdorsalis


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Gill


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Gills


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IeartIeart

pump the blood without o+ygen from the body intopump the blood without o+ygen from the body intothe gillsthe gills

5inus venosus5inus venosus /trium/trium HentricleHentricle truncus arteriosustruncus arteriosus

bulbus arteriosus teleostei


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Sp!een (!ien)Sp!een (!ien)

Bood and !y$phatic syste$Bood and !y$phatic syste$

Red p%!p * prod%ction and destr%ction of erythrocytesRed p%!p * prod%ction and destr%ction of erythrocytes

reso%rce and storage of erythrocytesreso%rce and storage of erythrocytes2hite p%!p * prod%ction and acti"ation of !y$phocytes2hite p%!p * prod%ction and acti"ation of !y$phocytes

Haemosiderin


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ish heartish heart

atrium

:stium/trioventriculare

)runcus


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4ardiovascular 5ystem4ardiovascular 5ystem

)he sh)he sh Fig B!ood s$ear fro$ a nor$a! go!dfish B!ood ce!!


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bloodblood

6lood plasma6lood plasma 6lood elements


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)he digestive


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8ro+imal part of the G9)8ro+imal part of the G9)

)he stomach in various sh)he stomach in various sh


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)he stomach in various sh)he stomach in various sh

speciesspecies

a. Cyprinus carpio

b. Esox lucius

c. Salmo trutta

d. Anguilla anguill

e. Cottus sp.-%esophagus

-&ardial part of the stomach-'yloric part of the stomach-Blind sac of the stomach-(phincter pylori-)ntestine and ductus choledochus


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3igestive 5ystem3igestive 5ystem

carp trout


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Iepatopancreas in cyprinid shIepatopancreas in cyprinid sh


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Iepatopancreas in cyprinid shIepatopancreas in cyprinid sh

8ancreatic gland


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)he position of the brain in)he position of the brain in

the skull of the troutthe skull of the trout

>esencephalon

4erebellum

telencephalon


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5ensory5ensory

:rgans:rgans

)he sh eye)he sh eye


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)he sh eye)he sh eye

4artilage

5clera

4horioidea

?etina

4orpus vitreum

Bervus opticus

8rocessus falciformis

7igamentum lentis

9ris

4ornea

7ens

>usculus retractorlentis

)he sh ear)he sh ear


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)he sh ear)he sh ear

)he ear labyrinth)he ear labyrinth


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)he ear labyrinth)he ear labyrinth

4annales semicircular

4rus communae

/mpulae

7agena

4annalisutriculo-saccularis

5acculus

Dtriculus

Bervus5tatoacusticus


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)he)he

laterallateral

lineline

3etail of the sh lateral line


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3etail of the sh lateral line1pidermis

)he opening of cannalis lat

8erforated scale

)he cluster of the sensory c


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/ir bladder/ir bladder


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>odications>odications

&-chambered&-chambered

$-chambered


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5hapes of the air bladder5hapes of the air bladder

physoclisti physostomi

/nguillidae

5almonidae

cyprinidae

5ecretory part

/bsorption part

3uctus pneumaticus

muscles

Fis% 6idnes

)he kidneys are paired organs located inthe body cavity either side of the


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the swim bladder


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Glomerulus )ubulus

)he cranial part haemopoetic tissue, caudal partof the kidneys - e+retion

1ndocrine 5ystem1ndocrine 5ystem


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1ndocrine 5ystem1ndocrine 5ystem


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4 b d i4 b d it


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4arp body cavity4arp body cavity

kidney

/ir bladder

3uctus

pneumaticus

:varium

intestine

Iepatopancreas

5pleen


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Silurus glanis Silurus glanis european catsheuropean catsh


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Silurus glanis g european catshp


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Carassius auratus Carassius auratus golden carpgolden carp


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g pg p


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Perccottus gleniiPerccottus glenii amur sleeper amur sleeper


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g p

Lota lotaLota lota - burbot- burbot


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Thank you for your attention !

3-anatomy of fishes by lk

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