3-3 notes: founding the middle and southern colonies
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3-3 Notes: Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies
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The Middle Colonies• Middle Colonies = New Jersey,
New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware (between New England in the north and the Chesapeake Bay region in the south)
• Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, Africans all came to these colonies
• Religious freedom attracted Catholics, Quakers, and Jews to this region
• Hudson and Delaware rivers supported shipping, commerce
• Rich soil, mild winter led to farming and raising livestock becoming the most profitable activities
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New Netherlands Becomes New York• 1624 ACE – Dutch settlers financed by the Dutch
West India Company founded the colony of New Netherlands (included Hudson River valley, Long Island, and land along the Delaware River)
• Patroon System – A person (“patroon”) could bring 50 settlers to New Netherlands and in return would receive a large land grant and special hunting, fishing, and fur trading privileges
• Jews, Africans (as slaves or indentured servants), Puritans all brought to the colony
• Peter Stuyvesant, governor, attacked the nearby charter colony of New Sweden in 1655 ACE – Swedes surrendered Fort Christina (modern-day Wilmington, Delaware) and left
• King Charles II asked his brother, Duke of York, to drive the Dutch out (New Netherland threatened English trade)
• When his ships appeared off of New Amsterdam in 1664 ACE, the colony surrendered
• Became the proprietary colony of New York – Duke of York was the proprietor (or owner)
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New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware• Duke of York gave part of his land (province of
New Jersey) to his friends Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley in 1664
• To attract people to New Jersey, they promised settlers freedom of religion, large grants of land, and a representative assembly
• King Charles II owed the Penn family money, so he gave the family a large piece of land in the Americas that became known as Pennsylvania, or “Penn’s woods”
• William Penn became governor, created a colony for Quakers to live in piece
• Extended equality, religious freedom to all (particularly Native Americans)
• As a result Pennsylvania became wealthy as it attracted many different types of people
• 1704 ACE – Penn granted the three lower counties their own assembly. These counties eventually broke away to form Delaware
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The Southern Colonies• New Southern Colonies included
Maryland, the Carolina, and Georgia
• Bordered by the Appalachian Mountains on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east
• Soil and climate suitable for warm weather crops such as tobacco, indigo, and rice
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Maryland and the Carolinas• Lord Baltimore established Maryland in 1632 ACE
as a safe haven for Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England
• Lord Baltimore promised religious freedom - passed the Toleration Act in 1649 ACE
• Maryland based its economy on tobacco, which is labor intensive
• Workers had to clear new land every 3 or 4 years - Most settlers were servants or slaves (few women came to Maryland)
• 1663 ACE - Carolina founded as a colony• English settlers from Barbados built Charles Town
(later Charleston) in 1670 ACE• Cut timber, raised cattle, and traded with Natives• Carolina’s colonists needed laborers for rice,
indigo - Encouraged importation of enslaved Africans, sold Natives into slavery too
• Sparked war with the Tuscarora and Yamasee tribes
• Carolina’s proprietors refused to send help when the Spanish threatened Charleston
• 1719 ACE - Colonists overthrow the proprietor’s rule
• 1729 ACE - Carolina becomes a royal colony, is split into North and South Carolina, and ruled by appointed governors
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Georgia• 1732 ACE - James Oglethorpe
founds Georgia as a refuge for debtors
• English government wanted to use it as a military outpost against Spanish Florida to the south and French Louisiana to the west
• 1739 ACE - During a war between England and Spain, Spain unsuccessfully attempts to drive English colonists out of Georgia
• English, German, Swiss, and Scottish all settled in Georgia
• All religions were welcome• Oglethorpe’s strict rules upset the
colonists, and the king made Georgia a royal colony in 1752 ACE