3 23 hydroponics
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Horticulture
Plant: Digitalis
Term: Hydroponics
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FoxgloveDigitalis• Plant type: Biennial, Herb, • USDA Hardiness Zones: 4a to 8a • Height: 2-5’ • Exposure: partial shade to full sun • Bloom Color: Pink, Purple, White • Bloom Time: Late spring to early summer• Landscape Uses: Border, Container, Massing,
Specimen, Woodland garden • All or parts of this plant are poisonous• Suitable for cut flowers during 2nd year• Extract used for heart medicine
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Hydroponics
• The term "hydroponics" refers to growing crops without soil.
• Inert medium, such as gravel, water, sand, peat.
• A nutrient solution is added containing all essential elements needed by the plant.
• Hydroponic production is very space intensive.
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Uses• Grow almost any herbaceous
plant. • High value food crops or
horticultural plants. • Commonly grown crops include
lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers and herbs.
• The crop varieties grown hydroponically are bred specifically for greenhouse production.
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COMMON HYDROPONIC METHODS
• Water culture: Crop roots are immersed or bathed in a continuous flow of nutrient solution. Often this is done in beds or troughs within a greenhouse. Tops of plants need supports.
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COMMON HYDROPONIC METHODS• Aggregate culture:
– Crop plants are grown in a solid media that provides anchorage and support much like soil does.
– Materials often used as growing media include gravel, sand, perlite, soilless mixes, and rockwool.
– The media is enclosed in beds, bags or blocks. – The nutrient solution is flooded or drip irrigated past
the roots.– Plant top support is necessary for taller crops.
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ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONICS • Grow out of season or zone. • Grow at periods of lowest
supply. Best prices.• Higher crop yields from smaller
areas. Planting density is limited only by available light.
• An example of comparative yields for tomatoes is:– Soil grown: 5 to 10 tons per
acre; – Hydroponic: 60 to 300 tons per
acre.
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More ADVANTAGES• Plants can mature faster and more evenly • Crops can be vine-ripened and sold
immediately. • Soil-borne insect and disease problems are
reduced • Crops do not need to be rotated. • Crops do not need to be cultivated or weeded. • Nutrient application timing and nutrient quantities
can be custom tailored to a particular crop's specific needs.
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DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPONICS
• Costs– The initial investment is high– Specialized equipment – Greenhouse heating can be quite expensive
in the winter months. • More skill is required than for traditional
methods. • The grower/operator must be highly
trained in plant nutrition and system operation and maintenance.
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Movie
• Hydroponic lettuce
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Fertilizer levels
• Monitored through EC readings• EC = electric conductivity• Gives a general reading of the solute
content of a liquid• Each fertilizer is different• Read the label• Peters Excel = ?
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Fertilizer Ratios
• Use water soluble fertilizer• Want ~ 50 ppm N for constant flow
irrigation• Fertilizer is 20-10-20• Tub holds 50 gal, how much fertilizer
should be added?• Conversions
– 1 PPM = .0038g/gal– 28g = 1 oz
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Calculate
• 1 PPM = .0038g/gal, 28g = 1 oz• 1 ppm = .0038 ÷ 28 = ? oz/gal• 1 ppm = .0001357oz/gal• 50 ppm = 50 X .0001357 = ? Oz/gal• .006785oz/gal x 50 gal = ? Oz N• Fertilizer is 20% N• 0.34 oz of N ÷ 20% = ?oz total fertilizer• 1.7 oz fertilizer
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Our tanks
• Flow tube• Ebb & Flood beds• 50 or 100 gal tanks• Weigh and add fertilizer• Check EC and compare