PROCEEDINGS

29th International

Symposium onBallistics

Edited by

Clive WoodleyDr. lanCullis

Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

9-13 May 2016

Organized bythe National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA)

with the cooperation ofthe International Ballistics Society (IBS)

Edinburgh International Conference Center

Edinburgh, Scotland

VOLUME 1

GENERAL

EXTERIOR BALLISTICS

INTERIOR BALLISTICS & LAUNCH DYNAMICS

VULNERABILITY & SURVIVABILITY

©DEStech Publications, Inc.

Table ofContents

VOLUME 1

GENERAL

The Ballistic Performance ofthe Bombard Mons Meg 3

RACHAEL MCALISTER, IAN LEWTAS, ADAM WALLIS,IAN CULLIS and CLIVE WOODLEY

Some Features and Applications ofBallistic Science and

Technology in China 9

BAOMING LI and HONGZHI LI

EXTERIOR BALLISTICS

Initial Analysis on the Influence of Heating up of Subcalibre

Projectiles Penetrator to Strength Properties 21

MARIUSZ MAGIER and TOMASZ MERDA

Innovative Course Correction Devices: MANEGE Program 29

ROXAN CAYZAC, ERIC CARETTE, MICKAEL ZEIDLER, PASCAL DENIS,REMI THEPOT, ERIC GARNIER, PIERRE WEY BASTIEN MARTINEZ,MICHEL LIBSIG AND CHRISTOPHE GRIGNON

Study on the Mechanism ofBoundary Layer Induced Flow

Control Based on Low Temperature Plasma 40

GANG WAN, QINGHUA LIN, HAIYUAN LI and BAOMING LI

Large-Eddy Simulation of a Turbulent Coanda Jet in an

External Flow 49

MICKAEL ZEIDLER, ERIC GARNIER and ROXAN CAYZAC

A Guidance Law Based on Correcting Velocity Direction

Continuously in Finite Time 62

QIUPING XU, ZHONGYUAN WANG and SIJIANG CHANG

vii

viii Table ofContents

Trajectory Prediction and Correction Methods Without

Meteorological Information 73

WEIPING ZHOU, ZHONGYUAN WANG and CHANGSHENG ZHOU

Study on Ballistic Optimization for Extended Range Guided

Projectile 83

WEN WANQUAN

Improved Theory of Generalized Meteo-ballistic Weighting Factor

Functions and Their Use 92

VLADIMIR CECH and JIRI JEVICKY

The Evaluation Model of the Moving Target Firing Effectiveness

of the Laser Terminal Guided Projectile 96

DONGLIANG ZHANG, YIXING ZHONG and BAOMING LI

Technique to Eliminate Angle of Attack in Ballistic Testing 100

EDWARD MOLENGRAFT

On Resonance of Dual-Spin-Stabilized Projectiles Equippedwith Canards 110

SIJIANG CHANG and ZHONGYUAN WANG

Study on Three-Dimensional Contour Measurement Technologyfor Projectile 122

JINLIANG GU, HONGE LUO, YAN XIA, YING WU and BAOMING LI

Aerodynamic Shape Optimization for a Hollow Projectile Based

on Blind Kriging 132

QIANG ZHAO, ZHI-HUACHEN, JIE MA and ZHI-YONG ZHANG

Characteristics of the Fuzes Make Them Less Sensitive on the

External Fators Action 141

RAFAL BAZELA, JACEK BORKOWSKI, BOGDAN KRYSINSKI

and RADOSLAW WARCHOL

BALCO 6/7-DoF Trajectory Model 151

PIERRE WEY, DANIEL CORRIVEAU, THOMAS A. SAITZ,WIM DE RUIJTER and PETER STROMBACK

Selected Aspects ofSmall Calibre Pistol Ammunition Ballistics 163

MIKOLAJ BOGAJCZYK, BARTOSZ KOZERA

and PRZEMYSLAW SIDELNIK

Statistical Analysis for Determining the Range Performance of

155 mm HEER/BB Artillery Ammunition 172

ONUR GUNGOR, IHSAN CAGATAY ONCEL and SEVGI YURT ONCEL

Investigations on the Flow Characteristics of Micro Vanes of a

Supersonic Spinning Projectile 176

JIE MA, ZHI-HUACHEN, ZHEN-GUI HUANG, JIAN-GUO GAO

and QIANG ZHAO

Table ofContents ix

Fragments Safety Distances from Different Sources 185

ITAY CHIRAK and ALEX ZLATKIS

Projectile Orientation Measurement During Flight and Just

Before Impact 199

ERIK CARTON and ANDRE DIEDEREN

Stewart Platform as a Tool to Study the Stabilization ofAimingLine of Cannon and Line of Sight of Tracking Head 209

ZBIGNIEW LECIEJEWSKI and SLAWOMIR LUSZCZAK

Investigation Into the Impact of Integral Suppressor Configurationson the Pressure Levels within the Suppressor 216

AIMEE HELLIKER, STEPHEN CHAMPION and ANDREW DUNCAN

A Perfect Alignment Method of SINS/GPS in High-DynamicCondition 224

LEI SUN, DANDAN YUAN and WENJUN Yl

Flight Trajectory Simulation of Ballistic Projectile 233

DANDAN YUAN, LEI SUN and WENJUN Yl

Research on Influence Factors of Trajectory Correction Interval

for Cross Canard Configuration 245

DONGGUANG LI, XUDONG LIU, RUPENG LI, YONGHUI SHI,

PENGFEI HUO and YUMEI ZHOU

Effect on Ballistic Characteristics ofFinned Rocket Due to Surface

Wind and Its Correction 253

CHENMING LI, WEI ZHENG, YIXING ZHONG and BAOMING LI

Modelling & Trials to Characterize a Shaped Charge Jet Slug

Trajectory & Range 261

LAWRENCE DAVEY, PHIL CHURCH and MILES MORRIS

Supersonic Wake Flow Analysis of Finned Projectile Afterbodies

at Various Spin Rates 272

STEPHAN WEIDNER, ROBERT HRUSCHKA, CHRISTIAN REY,

FRIEDRICH LEOPOLD and FRIEDRICH SEILER

The Research on the Inflation and Trajectory Characteristics

of Tandem Compound Parachute System 284

XIAODONG MA, RUI GUO, RONGZHONG LIU and SHENGTAO LV

Identification of the Aerodynamic Coefficients of a Spin-StabilizedProjectile from Free Flight Data 293

VINCENT CONDAMI NET, FRANCK DELVARE,CHRISTOPHE GRIGNON and SETTIE HEDDADJ

A Direct-Fire Trajectory Model for Supersonic Through Subsonic

Projectile Flight 303

PAUL WEINACHT

X Table ofContents

Analysis of Super Large Caliber Cannon's Attacking Efficiency

Adopting Cross-section Interception Technology 315

NAN HUANG, JIAJIA MA and ZHENGLUN WANG

An Instrumented 81-mm Mortar Target Platform for Dynamic

Engagements ofHigh Energy Laser Weapons 324

BRADFORD DAVIS, JOHN CONDON and PETER MULLER

Research on Exterior Ballistics Characteristics of Rocket ProjectileBased on Intelligent Morphing Technology 336

YONGJIE XU, ZHIJUN WANG, GUODONG WU. JIANPING YIN,JIANYAYI and JINGWEI LI

The Effect of Bullet Diameter and Free Stream Mach Number

on Flight Noise 347GREGORY S. OBERLIN

Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Tracking Guidance Using Lj AdaptiveController in the Presence of Input Saturation 356

LIANG WANG, ZHIBING SONG, FAN HU, ZHENYU JIANG

and WEIHUAZHANG

Influence ofYawing Force Frequency on the Angular Motionand Ballistic Characteristics of a Dual-spin Projectile 369

YU WANG, XIAOMING WANG, JIYAN YU and JIE CHENG

Identification of the Aerodynamic Coefficients of a 155mm

Artillery Shell Based on Free Flight Data 374

SIMONA DOBRE, MARIE ALBISSER, CLAUDE BERNER,

LOIC BERNARD, CHRISTOPHE GRIGNON

Numerical Virtual Flight Technology and Its Application in the

Stage Separation Simulation 386

RUYAN JIA, FAN HU, ZHIBING SONG, ZHENYU JIANG

and WEIHUA ZHANG

Optimal Detonation Based on Ammunition Attitude Control

in the Terminal Trajectory 398

ZHE YANG, NINGJUN FAN and YANXUAN WU

Optimizing Guidance Strategy for Gun Launched Underactuated

Weapons 407

MARK ILG

Selected Aspects of the Design Process of a Calibration Projectile:The Vulcano Scout Case Study 422

ALESSANDRO GREMOLETTI and FEDERICO PAOLINI

Free Flight Tests of a Medium Caliber Ammunition Using an

Impulse Thruster: Preliminary Phase 433

ERIC FOUSSON and CLAUDE BERNER

Table ofContents xi

Progressive Die Stamped Steel Aerostable Penetrator Design and

Flight Test Results 441

DAVID BITTLE and CHRISTOPHER ROSEMA

Reduction in Line Deviation by Re-design of Propulsion Systemof a Multi Nozzle Rocket System: A Case Study 451

S. M. SHELAR, M. K. SHARMA, P. T. ROJATKAR, K. J. DANIEL

and K. M. RAJAN

INTERIOR BALLISTICS AND LAUNCH DYNAMICS

Ambient Gas Pressure Effects on the Ignition of PyrotechnicCountermeasure Decoy Flares 465

CLIVE WOODLEY, ROBERT CLARIDGE, LES GIBBONS,

ALISDAIR BATCHEM and ROBIN HUGHES

Mechanism of Plasma Ignition in Electrothermal-chemical

Launcher 477

YONG JIN, YANJIE Nl, HAIYUAN LI and BAOMING LI

Application of Transient Burning Rate Model of Solid Propellantin Electrothermal-chemical Launch Simulation 481

YAN-JIE Nl, YONG JIN, GANG WAN, CHUN-XIA YANG, HAI-YUAN LI

and BAO-MING LI

Research on Proximity Effect of Electromagnetic Railgun 485

YU-TAO LOU, HAI-YUAN LI and BAO-MING LI

Design and Test of a Hypervelocity Electromagnetic Launcher 489

HAIYUAN LI, YONG JIN, ZHENXIAO LI and BAOMING LI

Numerical Simulation of Interior Ballistic Process ofRailgunBased on the Multi-field Coupled Model 494

QINGHUA LIN and BAOMING LI

Dynamic Response of a Railgun Barrel by Armature Transient

Impact 497JIANGBO SHI, HAIYUAN LI and BAOMING LI

Study of Propellant Characteristic Effects on Pressure Waves for

Low-Zone of a Bi-Modular Charge 502

YU-WEI WANG, YING-HUAGUO, JIANGUO WEI, JIAN LI

and YAN-CHENG DONG

3D Transient Simulation ofMelt Wave and Transition Mechanisms

in a Moving Armature 512

BO TANG, JINGUO WU, YINGTAO XU, HAIYUAN LI and BAOMING LI

3D Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Railgun GougingMechanism 518

JINGUO WU, BO TANG, QIANGHUA LIN, HAIYUAN LI

and BAOMING LI

xii Table ofContents

Numerical Modelling of Solid Rocket Motors for Mechanical

Integrity Assessment 522

RABIA ABID, PHILIP P. GILL, AMER HAMEED

and MIKE C. GIBSON

The Research on Dynamic Calibration of the Shockwave Pressure

Test System of the Cannon 530

LIN KONG, JIANJUN SU, JUNFENG ZHANG and WEN PAN

Microcellular Foaming of Cellulose Acetate Binder-based

Combustible Objects by Supercritical C02 535

WEITAO YANG and SANJIU YING

Simulation of Closed Vessel Combustion Using the 2D

ICT-Cellular-Combustion-Algorithm 546

SEBASTIAN WURSTER and THOMAS S. FISCHER

Modeling the Ignition of Insensitive Propellant by a Nanothermite

Igniter 555

CHRISTOPHE BOULNOIS, GUILLAUME ORSAT, BARBARA BASCHUNG,MAXIME CHIROLI and AMAR BOUCHAMA

An Investigation into Enhanced Fire Control Systems for MovingVehicles 564

DAVID PURDY and BIDUR KHANAL

'

New Generation Ignition Simulator Device 575

G. LEGERET and G. ORSAT

Gas Generation Rules of 19-Perforation TEGDN Propellantswith Different Length/Outside Diameter Ratios and

Perforation Diameters 583

ZHENGGANG XIAO and FUMING XU

Research on Combustion Characteristic Between Plasma Ignitionand High-energy Nitramine Gun Propellant 594

JIANGBO ZHANG, YUCHENG ZHANG, XIAOMEI ZHAO

and Yl LIU

Burning Mechanism of Foamed Oblate Spherical Gun

Propellants 601

WENHAO SHANG, YAJUN DING and SANJIU YING

Some Considerations on the Methods of Analysis of Closed Vessel

Test Data 607

R. TREBINSKI, Z. LECIEJEWSKI, Z. SURMA and B. FIKUS

Protective Structure Design for Electronic Systems within Shells

Against High-G Overloading 618

MIN JIAO, HAIFU YE, DONGJIE LI, HONGZHI ZHU and HE YANG

Table ofContents xiii

Investigations ofCombustion Process of Pyrotechnic Elements

Applied in Military Munitions Using X-ray Real Time Radioscopy .... 628

RADOSLAW WARCHOL, MARCIN NITA, MACIEJ MISZCZAK

and JACEK BORKOWSKI

Consistency Research on Interior Ballistic of Small Caliber

Electrothermal-ChemicalLaunching 635

CHUNXIA YANG, YONG JIN, YANJIE Nl, GANG WAN, HAIYUAN LI

and BAOMING LI

Study on the Display of Gun Firing Process Based on Test Data 641

BAOYUAN WANG, JUN LIU, XIAOJUN SHAO, PENGKE LIU,

FAMING ZHOU and GANG HENG

Analysis and Optimization Design ofthe Whole Trajectoryas a Primary Exploration 647

RUI LI, MING-AN ZHANG, YAOFENG XU

and CLIVE RUSSELLWOODLEY

Detecting of the Development ofthe Gun Interior Ballistic Design

Technology 652

MING-AN ZHANG, JIA-WEI Dl, CHANGJUN ZHOU, YUHENG FAN,

NAZHAO, WEI-WEI ZHANG and BING LI

Combustion Experiment ofthe High Bore Pressure Propellant

Under High Pressure and Optimization Model of

Burning Rate 657

NAZHAO, YONGJIE CAO, WEI DAI, KUI NIE, WEIWEI ZHANG

and XIAOHONG HU

Bullet Abrasion from Small Arms Ammunition 662

OVE S. DULLUM

Heat Transfer Analysis in 35 mm Anti-Aircraft Gun Barrel 671

PIOTR KONIORCZYK, ZBIGNIEW LECIEJEWSKI, MAREK PREISKORN,

ZBIGNIEW SURMA and JANUSZ ZMYWACZYK

Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on rocket Propulsionof Counterprojectile of Active Protection System 681

PRZEMYSLAW KUPIDURA, ZBIGNIEW LECIEJEWSKI,

ZBIGNIEW SURMA and MIROSLAW ZAHOR

Experimental Study on the Effect of Propellant Fracture on the

Combustion Properties Under Low Temperature 692

KUI NIE, MINGAN ZHANG, SHOURUI NIU, BING LI,

YUAN LI and WEIWEI ZHANG

Innovative Boron Nitride-doped Propellants 698

THELMAMANNING, RICHARD FIELD, KENNETH KLINGAMAN,MICHAEL FAIR, JOHN BOLOGNINI, ROBIN CROWNOVER,

CARLTON P. ADAM, VIRAL PANCHAL, EUGENE ROZUMOV,

HENRY GRAU, PAUL MATTER and SAMULE SOPOK

xiv Table ofContents

On-line Auto Measurement ofResidual Solvent Weight and Its

Influence on Mechanical Properties ofPropellant 701

MEI CHEN, ZHENGGANG XIAO, YUANBO ZHANGand CHAOYANG DONG

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-based Electrochemical Sensor

for Detection ofNitrocellulose 705

XIANGJUN MENG, YAN YAN and ZHENGGANG XIAO

Enrichment of Fluorinated Nano-Ti02 Composite on the Surface

ofPropellants 709

NASUN, CUIHUATIAN and ZHENGGANG XIAO

Numerical Simulation of Back Blast Flow Field of a Recoilless

Gun Launching in Confined Space 713

YONGJIE CAO, XIANGMING ZHANG, WENLONG YUE, ZHIFEI LI

and JING HU

Study on Perormance and Application of Blends of GAPE and NC .... 719

QI-LONG ZHENG, LE-QIN XIAO, WEI-LIANG ZHOU and XIAO-XIA JIAN

Numerical Investigation on the Muzzle Blast ofAircraft Gun 726

GUO ZEQING, QIAO HAITAO, JIANG XIAOHAI and WANG YANG

Mass Asymmetry and Tricyclic Wobble Motion Assessment UsingAutomated Launch Video Analysis 735

RYAN DECKER, JOSEPH DONINI, WILLIAM GARDNER,JOBIN JOHN and WALTER KOENIG

Measurement of In-Bore Side Loads and Comparison ot First

Maximum Yaw 739

DONALD E. CARLUCCI, RYAN DECKER, JULIO VEGA

and DOUGLAS RAY

Prediction ofPressure Phenomena in Dual-Chamber High-LowPressure Guns and Its Application to Structural Analysis 744

RAMON MUR SANZ DE GALDEANO, BARTOMEU GARRIGAI TRULLOL,GUILLERMO JENARO GARRIDO, SERGIO OLIVAOLIVA,

RAMON A. OTON-MARTINEZ and

DOMINGO MORATILLA FERNANDEZ

Agglomeration of Micro- and Nano-RDX and Its Influence on

Properties ofNG/TEGDN/NC Propellants 756

FEIYUN CHEN, BINBIN WANG, XIN LIAO, ZESHAN WANG

and YOU FU

The Impact of Materials on the Launch Dynamics ofSmall

Caliber Projectiles 766

JOSEPH SOUTH and CHARLES EICHHORST

Coupling Vibration Model ofIn-Bore Balloting 777

SATORU SHOJI

Table ofContents xv

Modelling of Cook-off Experiment for Small Arms Propellantin a Cooling Barrel Using Finite Element Analysis 788

RAKHMAD ARYO BASKORO, AMER HAMEED, BIDUR KHANAL

and PHILIP PITCHER

Continuous Solvent-free Extrusion of Propellant for 35 mm

Calibre Ammunition 803

CHRIS VAN DRIEL, MARTIJN ZEBREGS and DINESH RAMLAL

Simulation ofAsymmetric Shot Start in Small Caliber

Ammunition 811

MICHAEL A. MINNICINO and JOHN J. RITTER

Research on Pressure Calculating of Propellant Gas with SimpleExtended Corresponding State Principle 819BIN XU, SANJIU YING and XIN LIAO

Numerical Study of the Effect of MHD Accelerator Technologyon the Thrust Augmentation in Pulse Detonation Engine 823

LING LIN and CHUN-SHENG WENG

High Velocity Gun Launch Fragment Impact Studies and How

Events Can Go Very Wrong 834

JOHN STUBBERFIELD and CLIVE WOODLEY

A Novel Technique to Measure Small Caliber Projectile Balloting 845JOHN J. RITTER, RICHARD A. BEYER and ANDREW W. MCBAIN

Effective Burning-rate Inhibitors in AP/A1/HTPB CompositeSolid Propellant 851

WEI ZHANG, TONG BAO, XING ZHOU, ZHI-BING SONG

and FAN HU

Parameter Analyses ofTwo Dimensional Heat Transfer of Gun

Barrel 858YUJIASUN and XIAOBING ZHANG

Influence of Gun Bore Structure on the Performance ofInterior

Ballistic Process 868

CHAOBIN HU and XIAOBING ZHANG

Study of Stick-propellant Gun Interior Ballistic ConsideringInternal Perforation Erosive Burning 880

XIAOLIANG ZHAO and XIAOBING ZHANG

Numerical Simulation ofLaunch Process of Stacked Projectile

Weapon Considering Muzzle Flow Field 888

QIAO LUO, XIAO-BING ZHANG

A Novel Mid Wall Cooling Channel Design for Large Calibre

Guns 895SHAMBHU SHARMA, RAJEEV MOHAN BHATNAGAR,BIDUR KHANAL and AMER HAMEED

xvi Table ofContents

Factors Affecting Bore Resistance in the Structural Analysisof Interior Ballistics 905

R. CHAPLIN and D. GUBERNAT

Influence of Chamber Misalignment on Cased Telescoped (CT)Ammunition Accuracy 917

D. CORRIVEAU and C. FLORIN PETRE

45 mm Ignition Study with a CAB-LOVA Gun Propellant 921

AXELSATTLER, DENNY ABERG, DOMINIK RAKUS

and RUDI HEISER

Pressurized Air Catch System (PACS) for Gun-Fired Projectiles 933

JON YAGLA, CYNTHIA HOLLAND, W. DAVID HOUCHINS,DAVID HUBBLE, WAYNE CHEPREN, JAMES FETSKO,MARC BASSETTand CHRISTOPHER WEILAND

Investigation into the Coating and Desensitization Effect on

HMX of F2604-2 and DOS Composite System 955XI LI, XIN-YING ZHAO, QIU-HAN LIN, TONG XU

and BO-LIANG WANG

VULNERABILITYAND SURVIVABILITY

Towards a Better Assessment ofAcoustic Vector Sensors 963

L. KOENE, M. W. HASKER and A. J. VAN DER WAL

Preliminary Findings: Will Breast Implants Rupture ifBodyArmour is Struck? 975

D. J. CARR, C. MALBON, J. BREEZE, S. HEPPELL and E. A. LEWIS

A Comparison ofFragment Simulating Projectiles and Real

Fragments with Respect to Soft Body Armour Performance 982

D. S. CANT, A. ASHMORE, J. DRAY, D. J. L. MCKAY, C. SAUNDERS,E. A. LEWIS, D. MILLER, M. TEAGLE and D. J. CARR

Determination ofthe Efficiency of a Spaced Thin Layer Steel

Target Against Small Caliber Ammunition 992

DENIS LERICHE and ROBERT TOSELLO

Phase Transformations in Glass Associated with Hyper-Velocity

Impact and Implications in Constitutitve Modeling 1004

ROSHDY G. BARSOUM

Collateral Concerns in Conjunction with Weapon Effects 1011

HEINRICH DORSCH, ANDREAS DOERR, DANIEL ROSSBERG

and ALBRECHT BONGARTZ

The Use of Composites for Blast and Fragmentation Protection

of Selected Infrastructure 1022

MOSHE RAVID, NIMI SHAPIRA, ZVI ASAF, TAMIR BLASS,BARRY L. BINGHAM and RAYMOND H. BENNETT

Table ofContents xvii

Analysis of Shrapnel Firing Efficiency 1035

YIXING ZHONG, DONGLIANG ZHANG and BAOMING LI

An Experimental Study Investigating the Response of Bolts

to Ballistic Events 1039

SHAWN KLANN and FREDERICK RICKERT

Investigation into Ballistic Performance of EnvironmentallyConditioned Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene(UHMWPE) Composite Armour 1050

M. A. FRENCH

Design of Measuring Multi-physics Integrative Parameters

Diagnostic Test System for Electromagnetic Launch 1057

HUI TIAN, YONG JIN, LONG LI, GANG WAN, ZHENXIAO LI,

JINLIANG GU, YAN XIAand BAOMING LI

Research of Lethality Enhancement of a Kinetic Kill Vehicle

Technology ofAir Defense and Anti-missile Missile 1068

AN-DING LIANG, XING-YUN SUN and YONG HE

Multifunctional Concealed BulletproofVest—Developmentand Testing 1076

MARCIN CEGLA, WIESLAW HABAJ, MIKOLAJ BOGAJCZYK

and PAWEL PODGORZAK

The V50 Approach Revisited: Application of the Brownian

Motion Theory 1084

FREDERIK COGHE, AXEL LENOM, BEN LAUWENS,

BEYATAHENTI, MARC MALDAGUE and MARC PIRLOT

Engineering Tool for the Evaluation of Global IED Effects 1095

N. HEIDER, V. DENEFELD, A. STEINBRENNER

and A. HOLZWARTH

Modeling the Influence of Soil Characteristics on the Blast

Intensity of Buried Explosive Charges 1101

ZVI ASSAF, ODED DRORI, GUY GOLAN, ITZHAK KUCHUK KATALAN,MOSHE RAVID and NIMI SHAPIRA

Experimental Investigations on Dynamic Back Face Deflection

Caused by Ballistic Impact on Combat Helmets and the

Effect to the Human Skull 1110

STEFFEN GROBERT, HEINER GEDON and OLIVER PESCHEL

Physical Mechanisms for Near-Field Blast Mitigation with Fluid

Containers: Effect of Container Geometry 1122

HUON BORNSTEIN, SHANNON RYAN and ADRIAN MOURITZ

A First Order Method for Estimating Lethal Areas for

Fragmenting Munitions 1126

WILLIAM S. ANDREWS and KEVIN M. JAANSALU

xviii Table ofContents

Characterisation of Armour Properties for the Prediction of

Rupture in Localised Blast Loading 1135

BRODIE MCDONALD, HUON BORNSTEIN and ANDRIAN C. ORIFICI

The Overmatching of Military Soft Body Armour: PreliminaryResults 1147

J. DE FRIEND, D. J. CARR, M. TEAGLE, D. MILLER,A. MABBOTT and E. A. LEWIS

The Effect of an Air-gap Under Soft Body Armour on the Behind

Face Signature 1153

L. TILSLEY, C. LANKESTER, D. J. CARR and C. MALBON

Complex Bullet Interactions: An Experimental Study ofUpperLeg Inuries to Demonstrate Ballistic Modelling in MultipartLimb Structures 1158

A. P. DUNCAN, D. J. CARR, C. O'KEEFFE, A. E. HELLIKER

and D. MILLER

Fuel Tank Vulnerability to Shaped Charge Jet 1167

THOMAS HARTMANN, ERNST ROTTENKOLBER,WERNER ARNOLD and OE MAHN MOON

The Study of a Human Head Simulant's Dynamic Responseto a Blast Wave 1179

BENJAMIN HARINGTON, ALAN PEARE and IAN HORSFALL

Pre-stressed Plates as a Mechanism to Provide Additional

Under Belly Blast Protection 1189

LOUIS DARROCK, ASHLEY MANNING, JOE CAINE, JAMES BEADLE,ALAN PEARE and IAN HORSFALL

Rheological and Energy Absorption Properties of BackingMaterials for Measurement ofBehind Armour Blunt Trauma 1195

DEBARATI BHATTACHARJEE, AJAY KUMAR, IPSITA BISWAS,SANJEEVVERMAand EHTESHAMUL ISLAM

Parameters Optimization for Numerical Effectiveness Determination

of Fragmentation Warheads Aginst Land Vehicles 1206

CEDRIC ARCHAMBAUD and CHANTAL GUERRY

Fast Moving Tungsten Rods Encountering Blast Waves 1213

HANSPETER KAUFMANN, JAN KELLER, ANDRE KOCH

and FRANCOIS UBERTINI

Injury Characterization Due to Penetrating Projectiles 1220

CHRISTOPHER J. FREITAS, MATTHEW V. GRIMM,RORY P. BIGGER and JAMES F. MACKIEWICZ

Numerical Simulation for Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment 1233

DEVON DOWNES, AMAL BOUAMOUL, SIMON OUELLET

and MANOUCHEHR NEJAD ENSAN

Table ofContents xix

Bullet Impact and Slow Cook-Off Enhancement for a Small

Thermobaric Warhead 1250

JOSIAH GARFIELD

Using Mortars to Defeat Drones 1258

HUGH GOYDER and CHRIS COULDRICK

Numerical Investigation and Optimization ofComposite Armor

Structures 1268

ARASH RAMEZANI, DANIEL HUBER and HENDRIK ROTHE