29.3 new civil rights movements lesson objective: to understand the new movements in the civil...
TRANSCRIPT
29.3 NEW CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS
Lesson Objective: to understand the new movements in the Civil Rights Era
NORTHERN SEGREGATION• Major African-American migrations from South to North had occurred
at different times:• After Civil War (1860’s/70’s)• During WW II
• Why then?• Reconstruction violence / creation of Jim Crow after Civil War• Industrial job opportunities during WW II
• MOST NORTHERN STATES were segregated, BUT NOT BY LAW• de facto segregation• de jure segregation
• Problem:• Post-WW II economic boom & consumerism caused “White Flight”, which left
cities in decay• African-Amer. population lived primarily in cities• Urban decay leaves urban population @ disadvantage• Urban facilities (Schools, housing, etc.) deteriorates• So…urban life deteriorates
URBAN PROBLEMS• Urban decay left urban African-
American population living in very poor conditions:• LBJ’s Great Society had promised $
for urban renewal & other programs• Problem?
• Late 1960’s: Vietnam War siphons off $ originally designated for Great Society
• So…urban problems are left unsolved
• Result? • Riots ; Examples?• 1964: Harlem, NYC• 1965: Watts, LA, California – 34 killed,
$30 Million in property lost
• MLK: “The promise of the Great Society has been shot down on the battlefields of Vietnam”
NEW CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS• Malcolm X: Spokesman for The Nation of Islam• Where did the name “X” originate?• His background:• The Nation of Islam:• Led by Elijah Muhammad• Basic ideas:
• Whites were the cause of Black problems• Black society should separate from White society• How does this contrast what we’ve seen in Civil Rights?
• Malcolm X is most gifted speaker in N.O.I.• Basic theme:• Armed self-defense of Black society was necessary & justified• There could be no joining of the two societies
NEW CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS• PROBLEM:• Malcolm Xs call for armed struggle frightens
moderate black leaders• Some in N.O.I. leadership suspicious of his
popularity• 1964: • Malcolm X travels to Mecca, Saudi Arabia• Changes his views on white-black relations• Breaks w/N.O.I.• Black Muslim leadership view this as threat
to them• 1965: Malcolm X assassinated in Harlem,
NYC
NEW CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS• THE BLACK PANTHERS: Origins• Founded in Oakland, CA, 1966• Founders: Bobby Seale, Huey Newton• Why?
• Same Civil Rights issues that other groups opposed• Police brutality, violence against black community in Oakland was notorious
• Basic Idea: “Black Power”• Means What?
• Black leadership should take control of black communities, neighborhoods• Black men should be exempt from military service; Why?• Believed armed revolt might be necessary• Studied the organization principles of China’s Mao Zedong
• “All Power flows from the barrel of a gun”
• Later joined by Stokeley Charmichael of SNCC• Shootouts, confrontations w/police occur, but no widespread armed
revolt
MORE VIOLENCE• April, 1968: MLK assassinated•Where? Memphis, TN•Who? James Earl Ray (Right top)•Why? Ray is white supremacist• June, 1968: RFK is Dem. Pres.
Candidate• RFK assassinated •Where? LA•Who? Sirhan Sirhan (Right below)•Why? Sirhan is Jordanian militant
angered by RFKs support of Israel