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Tng hp nha Alkyd

MC LCPhnI: M U4 PhnII: NI DUNG...7 I. Tnh thc tin ca vic sn xut nha Alkyd......7 II. C s xy dng cng ngh sn xut nha Alkyd.......7 1. C s khoa hc xy dng n phi liu v qui trnh cng ngh.7 1.1. Phng php axt bo (phng php 1 giai on)7 1.2. Phng php ru ho (phng php 2 giai on)..9 2. Nguyn liu sn xut nha Alkyd..........13 2.1. Du tho mc..13 2.2. Ethylenglycol..18 2.3. Glyxerin..18 2.4. Penta erythrytol.......18 2.5. Anhydride phthalic.19 2.6. Xylen.......19 2.7. Du ho.......19 3. Cc ch tiu k thut sn phm v phng php kim tra..19 3.1. Cc ch tiu k thut sn phm.......19

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 3.2. Phng php kim tra.20 4. Xy dng n phi liu thc t trong sn xut.24 III. Cng ngh sn xut...24 1. n phi liu........24 2. Quy trnh thao tc cng ngh.25 3. Ch tiu k thut sn phm.26 IV. H thng thit b tng hp nha Alkyd.. ...28 1. Dy chuyn thit b tng hp nha28 2. Quy trnh vn hnh ca dy chuyn thit b tng hp nha Alkyd.28 2.1. Quy trnh vn hnh dy chuyn tng hp nha Alkyd.......28 2.2. Quy trnh vn hnh h bm ht chn khng.......29 2.3. Quy trnh vn hnh thit b gia nhit......32 2.4. Quy trnh vn hnh bm sn phm.33 2.5. Quy trnh vn hnh bm np liu t ng..34 2.6. Quy trnh vn hnh bm dung mi.35 3. Cc thit b trong dy chuyn tng hp nha Alkyd...36 3.1. H thng thit b gia nhit bng du ti nhit.36 3.1.1. S h thng thit b.36

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 3.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng. 37 3.1.3. Quy trnh vn hnh h thng 37 3.1.4. Bo dng h thng gia nhit bng du ti nhit42 3.1.5. An ton PCCN trong phng lp thit b gia nhit bng du ti nhit...44 3.2. Cc thit b chnh44 3.2.1. Thit b gia nhit (Heater)44 3.2.2. Thit b phn ng.45 3.2.3. Thit b trao i nhit...51 3.2.4. Bnh phn ly.62 3.2.5. Bnh cha nc thi V101.......62 3.3. H thng np liu62 3.3.1. H thng np nguyn liu lng62 3.3.2. H thng np nguyn liu rn..64 3.4. H thng to chn khng65 3.5. H cp kh nn65 3.5.1. S h thng cp kh nn..65 3.5.2. My nn kh.65

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 3.6. Thit b thu hi sn phm nha Alkyd...66 3.6.1. Thit b pha long - R102....66 3.6.2. Bm - Cc lc..69 3.6.3. Tc cha sn phm..70 4. Cc thit b t ng..70 4.1. TIC101 v TIC201..70 4.2. TIC102 v TIC202..71 4.3. TIC103 v TIC203..72 4.4. LIC101 v LIC201..72 4.5. H thng cn lng V103 - WIC101..73 4.6. PIC101 v PIC201..73 4.7. B iu chnh tc khuy (Inverter operator) .73 4.8. H thng cnh bo s c (Buzzer) .74 4.9. H thng theo di v gim st74 V. Tc dng ca tng cng on trong sn xut, nhng nguy c c th xy ra, phng hng khc phc cc nguy c .74 TI LIU THAM KHO.......77

PHN I

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Tng hp nha Alkyd M U Sn l ngnh k thut ang trn pht trin theo nhp chung ca nn kinh t quc dn. Trong cng cuc pht trin cng nghip ho, hin i ho. Hu ht cc lnh vc ca nghnh cng nghip u lin quan n sn vi mc ch bo v, chng s n mn v trang tr cc b mt. Ngoi nhng loi sn thng thng cng vi s tin b ca khoa hc k thut. Ngy cng xut hin nhiu loi sn vi tnh nng c bit nh: Sn chu nhit, sn bn trong mi trng ho cht, sn cch in, sn chng hu h c tui th cao v khng gy c hi vi mi trng sng. Lnh vc s dng ca sn rt a dng. T xy dng, hp, in t n sn giao thng nh: Sn tu, t, xe p, sn vch ng, sn cu cng, sn chu iu kin bin Hng nm lng sn tiu th trn th gii c tnh 22 triu tn/nm nh vy khong 4 kg/ngi/nm. nc ta lng sn tiu th ch vo c 0,5 kg/ngi/nm y l mt con s qu nh. Sn c phn loi ty theo mc ch s dng, theo gc nha, theo phng php sn xut, mc ch sn xut. Ngay trong lnh vc sn tng hp ngi ta cng chia ra nhiu loi khc nhau: Sn s dng dung mi hu c (alkyd, vinyl, epoxy, polyuretan, acrylic, polyester khng no) sn nc, sn bt Trong cc loi sn tng hp, sn trn c s nha alkyd (i khi ngi ta gi l sn alkyd) chim 60 - 70% sn lng bi cc u im ca chng nh: Bng, bn, p, d s dng, trn hp tt vi nhiu loi nha tng hp v thin nhin Vic sn xut nha Alkyd l rt cn thit v sn lng hng nm rt

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Tng hp nha Alkyd ln. Ln u tin vo nm 1927 KIENLE tm ra nha Alkyd y l sn phm ca phn ng gia ru a chc v axit a chc hoc cc Anhydride ca cc axit a chc ny. Nha c cu trc khng gian tng i cht ch, rn chc nn kh ho tan, d c ho tan c th nha cng rn, gin, d nt, chu nc km khng bn vi tc dng ca ho cht, ch s axit v hydroxyl cao. Thi gian sau , khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin, ngi ta bin tnh vo phn ng to nha alkyd cc loi du tho mc hoc cc axit bo n chc. Chnh iu ny ci tin c tnh nng v phm vi ng dng ca nha alkyd trong cng nghip cc cht ph b mt. Tu thuc vo lng axit a chc v ru a chc m ngi ta tng hp c cc sn phm c tnh nng u vit. Nha alkyd c kh nng tng hp tt vi cc loi nha khc, bt mu, d ho tan. Ngoi ra nha alkyd cn c th bin tnh c vi nha thin nhin v t hp c vi cc nha khc khi dng sn xut ra nhiu chng loi sn, nhm phc v cho nhiu ngnh ngh, lnh vc khc nhau trong nn kinh t quc dn. Ty thuc vo hm lng du tho mc (axit bo n chc) bin tnh c th chia nha alkyd thnh 3 loi sau: + Nha alkyd bo (di) + Nha alkyd trung bnh + Nha alkyd gy (ngn) Du chim 56 - 70% Du chim 46 - 55% Du chim 30 - 45%

Da vo chng loi cc axit bo c trong Du tho mc, bn cht cu to ca cc axit bo v loi nha alkyd, m bit c nha c th kh iu kin thng, to thnh mng thng qua phn ng oxy ho, hoc phi t hp vi cc loi nha tng hp khc, cng sy nhit yu cu mi to c mng. a s cc nha alkyd kh iu kin thng l nha

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Tng hp nha Alkyd alkyd bo v nha alkyd trung bnh. Nha alkyd gy thng khng kh iu kin thng. Nha alkyd gy dng sn xut sn, sau khi gia cng thnh mng sn, mng ny c th gi c bng, gi mu, cng, chu mi mn, chu c nhiu mi trng tt hn sn i t nha alkyd bo. Vi cc tnh nng nu trn. Nha Alkyd bo c sn xut vi mt khi lng ln trn th gii v trong nc. Cng vi tc pht trin kinh t nh hin nay, nhu cu v sn Alkyd cc loi ngy cng nhiu. Cng ty C phn Sn Tng hp H Ni vi sn phm truyn thng l cc loi sn Alkyd, ang ngy cng chim lnh v p ng c nhu cu cht lng,sn lng ca cc th trng truyn thng trong nc, vn ti cc th trng kh tnh quc t. Vi cc sn phm c cht lng cao, gi thnh h. Cng ty hin nay u t c dy chuyn sn xut nha Alkyd vi cng sut 6000 tn/nm.

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Tng hp nha AlkydPHN II

NI DUNG I. Tnh thc tin ca vic sn xut nha Alkyd. Hin nay trn th gii nha Alkyd c sn xut theo nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: Phng php axit bo, phng php ru ho, phng php axit ho, phng php kh nc du thu du (ve). Mi phng php li tin hnh theo hai cch: Trong khi (nng chy) hoc trong dung dch (phng php ng ph). Trn thc t ch yu dng 2 phng php: Phng php axt bo v phng php ru ho (alcolphn), phn ln tin hnh theo cch ng ph Da trn nhng ti liu thu c v nhng l thuyt v nha Alkyd. Cng ty hin ti ang sn xut cc nha Alkyd bo. V nghin cu sn xut c nha Alkyd trung bnh v Alkyd gy trn m hnh nh. Nha Alkyd vi cc tnh nng u vit: Bng, bn, p, d gia cng vn l sn phm truyn thng v ch o ca cng ty trong thi gian hin nay v mai sau. II. C s xy dng cng ngh sn xut nha Alkyd. 1. C s khoa hc xy dng n phi liu v qui trnh cng ngh. 1.1. Phng php axt bo (phng php 1 giai on). y l phng php i t axit bo, phng php ny thc hin phn ng nhanh, thao tc d dng, xy dng n phi liu linh ng, sn phm c tnh nng k thut tt nh: Trng lng phn t ng u, cng,

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Tng hp nha Alkyd bn va p, bn nc, chu mi trng Song c nhc im l nguyn liu u vo c gi thnh cao, kh tm, kim sot qu trnh thc hin phn ng kh. Sn phm c gi thnh tng i cao. (*) i t Glyxerin: Phn ng ho hc xy ra nh sau.O C O C O n CH 2 CH OH OH n RCOOH

CH 2 OH n 1

CH 2 OH CH CH 2 COOR O O C O C O n

CH 2 OH CH CH 2 OH (3 n 1) H 2O

(*) i t Penta erythrytol v Ethylen glycol: Phn ng ho hc xy ra nh sau

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Tng hp nha AlkydO C O C O n n +1 CH 2 OH CH 2 OH n RCOOH

O RCOO CH 2 CH 2 O C

O C O CH2 CH2 OH2 nH2O

n

O C O C O n + HOH2C CH 2OH C CH 2OH CH 2OH + (n+1) RCOOH

n +1

CH 2OH RCOO CH 2OH

O

O

CH 2OH

CH 2 C CH2 O C

C O CH2 C CH 2OH + 3 n H2O CH 2OH n

1.2. Phng php ru ho (phng php 2 giai on). (*) i t Glyxerin. * Giai on 1. y l giai on Alcol phn (Ru ho). Thc hin phn

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Tng hp nha Alkyd ng chuyn ho Ester.CH 2 COOR1 CH COOR 2 + CH 2 COOR 3 CH 2 OH CH OH CH 2 OH t 0 = 2500C - 260 0C PbO CH 2 COOR1 CH OH + CH 2 OH CH 2 OH CH COOR 2 CH 2 COOR 3

Thc hin phn ng ny ta phi dng xc tc nh: xt, mui ca kim loi chuyn tip, hydroxit, mui ca kim loi kim. Trong thc t thng dng cc oxit, mui ca Pb. Khi cn bng t c, hn hp phn ng bao gm: Du d, Monoglyxerid, Diglyxerid, Glyxerin d, song hp phn ch yu ca qu trnh l -monoglyxerid.

kim tra lng -monoglyxerid trong qu trnh phn ng Alcol phn. Ta dng ru (Ethanol, Methanol) ho tan lng ny nhit mi trng. Lng xc tc c nh hng ln n phn ng Alcol phn. Nu lng xc tc nh, tc phn ng xy ra rt chm, khng to ra c nhiu hp phn - monoglyxerid, lm kh nng phn ng ca nguyn liu (Du, Glyxerin, Anhydride phthalic) vi nhau km. Nu lng xc tc cn d li, trong khi cn bng ca phn ng t c. Xc tc s tc dng vi Anhydride to mui kim loi gy nh hng cho phn ng ester ho sau ny. * Giai on 2. Thc hin phn ng ester ho.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

O CH 2 COOR1 CH OH + C n +1 O n CH 2 OH C O

CH 2 COOR1 CH OH O C O C O n CH 2 O

CH 2 COOR1 CH CH 2 OH +2n H2O

(*) i t Penta erythrytol. * Giai on 1. Thc hin phn ng chuyn ho ester.

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Tng hp nha AlkydCH 2 COOR 1 CH COOR 2 + CH 2 COOR 3 CH 2 COOR 1 CH OH + CH 2 OH CH 2OH HOCH 2 C CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH R 2CO OCH 2 C CH 2OH CH 2COOR 3

Phn ng ti u l to monoglyxerid. * Giai on 2. Thc hin phn ng ester ho. y l phn ng gia monoglyxerid, pentaerythrid c thay th 2 nhm ephin vi Anhydride phthalic. Ngoi ra cn c phn ng trng hp cc ni i ca axit bo trong du tho mc, phn ng trng hp giai on cui tng theo thi gian v nhit .O CH 2 COOR 1 CH OH + C O CH 2 CH CH 2 COOR 1 OH O O C O C O CH 2 COOR 1 CH CH 2 OH (I) CH 2 OH C O

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Tng hp nha AlkydO CH 2COOR 2 HOCH 2 C CH 2OH + C O CH 2COOR 2 HOCH 2 C CH 2COOR 3 O O C O C OH (II) CH 2 CH 2COOR 3 C O

nI

+

n II

O HO C

O C

CH 2COOR 1 OCH 2 CH CH 2 O O C O C CH 2COOR 2 OCH 2 C CH 2O CH 2COOR 3

( 2 n 1 ) H 2O

Phng php sn xut hai giai on: Thc hin phn ng chm, sn phm c tnh nng tt nh: bn un, bm dnh, d ho tan trong dung mi thm, du thng, white spirit v ch yu kh do xi ho Nguyn liu u vo l du tho mc d tm kim, d kim sot qu trnh phn ng, sn phm c gi thnh thp. Hin nay a s cc cng ty sn xut nha Alkyd trong nc thng s dng phng php ny.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

2. Nguyn liu sn xut nha Alkyd. Cc nguyn liu sn xut nha Alkyd Vit Nam hin nay ch yu l nhp ngoi nh: Du tho mc, ru a chc, axt a chc, ch c mt lng nh du tho mc c khai thc trong nc. 2.1. Du tho mc: 2.1.1. Phn loi du tho mc. Du tho mc l nhng Triglyxerid ngha l ester ca Glyxerin v cc axit bo. Cng thc chung l:CH 2 COOR 1 CH COOR 2 CH 2 COOR 3

R1, R2, R3 l gc cc Axt bo. S khc nhau ca cc loi du ny ph thuc vo thnh phn v bn cht ca axt bo. Cc axit ny c th l no hoc khng no vi 1 n 3 ni i. Trong cng nghip sn, du tho mc c chia lm 3 loi: Du kh, bn kh, khng kh. (*) Du kh: L nhng loi du tho mc c kh nng to mt mng lin tc khi qut mt lp mng. Tnh cht ny lin quan n tnh khng no ca axt bo, vi kh nng trng hp xi ho trong khng kh. - Ch s It ca nhm du ny l: 150 - 200. - c trng ca nhm ny l du Lanh v du Tru.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd (*) Du bn kh: L du tho mc c kh nng trng hp xi ho nhng chm hn v khng kh hon ton, do n khng c dng ring lm cht to mng m ch dng phi hp vi du kh. - Ch s It ca nhm du ny l: 120 - 150. - c trng ca nhm ny l du ht Cao su, du u tng, du ht Hng dng, du Lai, du Ri, du vng (*) Du khng kh: L du tho mc khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp xi ho. - Ch s It ca nhm du ny l: 70 - 120. - c trng ca nhm ny l: Du da, du lc, du cm, du liu Cc axit bo khng no ch yu trong du tho mc: - Axt c ba ni i: CH3CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH(CH2)7-COOH Axt Linolenic CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH Axit Eleostearic (3 ni i lin hp)

- Axt c hai ni i. CH3-(CH2)4-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH Axit Linoleic - Axit c mt ni i.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH Axit Oleic CH3-(CH2)4-CH2-CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH OH Axt Ricinoleic Nh vy cc axt khng no thng c 18 nguyn t cacbon trong mch.

Cc hp phn v tnh cht ca du tho mc

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

2.1.2. Tinh ch Du tho mc. Du tho mc ngoi Triglyxerid cn cha cc hp cht khc nh nc, sp, nha, cc cht mu, photpholipit, aminolipit. a s cc cht ny nh hng xu n tnh cht ca mng sn, do vy phi tch trc khi s dng du. Qu trnh tinh ch gm tch cc cht nhy, trung ho, ty mu, tch sp.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd Vic tch cc cht nhy l giai on quan trong nht, nu tin hnh tt, cc cht to mng s c tnh cht rt tt v khng hnh thnh cc cht ln vn thng gi l ht nho, chng s dnh vo thnh thit b, d b chy v lm sn phm c mu vng. Giai on ny tin hnh bng cch nng du ln 2800C trong vng hai pht. Khi c vt nc, cc cht nhy s keo t v khng tan vo du na. Giai on trung ho c thc hin vi dung dch axt. Tuy nhin, mt s nh sn xut li a dng amoniac hn v trong trng hp ny t c kh nng a vo du nhng tp cht v c lm nh hng n phn ng sau ny. Ngoi ra nu dng xt phi ra du nhiu ln hn tch cc vt x phng. Vic ty mu thng thc hin vi cc loi t st hot tnh. Sp c tch bng cch lm lnh chuyn chng sang trng thi rn. Cn lu rng sp thng cng l nhng hp cht c mu v cc cht mu ni chung cn tr qu trnh kh ca du. Do loi du c mu chc chn rng l loi cha c kh sp.

2.1.3. C ch hnh thnh cht to mng. C rt nhiu gi thit v s hnh thnh mng sn t du kh. Qu trnh ny cng cha c t m. C th l oxi khng kh c hai cch kt hp vi lin kt i:

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Tng hp nha AlkydCH CH CH + O2 + O2 C O CH2 CH C O CH CH O CH OHTheo Criegee

Theo Engler

Mng hnh thnh trn c s phn ng: C O C O + CH CH CH2 CH O O CH CH Theo Marcusson

Nh vy hai mch ester phn ng vi nhau v phn ng ny lp li cho n khi to thnh mng. Cng c th l dng peoxit s chuyn thnh dng epoxit

CH CH Ovng ioxan:

v hai nhm ny c th phn ng vi nhau to thnh

O CH CHTheo Treibs

CH CH O

Du tho mc thng c ch bin theo hai cch. Cch th nht nu du nhit khng cao lm 150 - 1600C gi l nu chn du. Cch th hai nhit cao hn 280 - 3100C gi l trng hp nhit.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 2.2. Ethylenglycol. y l ru a chc (2 chc). Cng thc ho hc: CH 2 CH 2OH OH

Cc ch tiu Trng thi iu kin thng Nhit si T trng Ch s chit quang Khi lng ng lng 2.3. Glyxerin.

Tiu chun Cht lng 198oC 1,12 g/cm3 DE = 1,434 31

y l ru a chc (3 chc). Cng thc ho hc:CH 2 CH CH 2 OH OH OH

Cc ch tiu Trng thi iu kin thng Nhit si T trng Khi lng ng lng (Glyxerin 95%) 2.4. Pentaerythrytol. Cng thc ho hc:CH 2OH HOH2C C CH 2OH CH 2OH

Tiu chun Cht lng nht 290oC 1,26 g/cm3 32

Theo tiu chun TC 4.1-2002/NL-STH

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

2.5. Anhydride phthalic. Cng thc ho hc:O C O C O

Theo tiu chun TC 4.2-2002/NL-STH 2.6. Xylen. Cng thc ho hc gm 3 dng ng phn:CH 3 CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

m - xylen t0s = 139,10C

p xylen - xylen 0 t s = 138,30C

o - xylen t0s = 144,20C

Theo tiu chun TC 6-2002/NL-STH 2.7. Du ho. Theo tiu chun TC 6-2002/NL-STH

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 3. Cc ch tiu k thut sn phm v phng php kim tra. 3.1. Cc ch tiu k thut sn phm. Cc sn phm nha Alkyd c th ng dng c cho vic sn xut sn Alkyd cng nghip. Phi t cc ch tiu k thut yu cu * Mu sc * nht * Ch s axt * Hm lng cht khng bay hi < 10 gardner 130 - 200 giy 22 mgKOH/g = 60 2%

3.2. Phng php kim tra. 3.2.1. Phng php xc nh mu sc cht lng . (TC 3.1 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH) a. Dng c: - ng nghim thu tinh KT 1,71,515cm: 2 chic. - Mu cht lng cn kim tra, mu cht lng chun. b. Tin hnh. - 1 ng nghim ng mu cht lng cn kim tra. - 1 ng nghim ng mu cht lng chun so snh. - 2 ng nghim st nhau v so mu. Mu ca cht lng cn kim tra phi ging nh mu ca mu cht lng chun. - Mun cho vic so snh c chnh xc, thnh thong nn i ch theo v tr khc nhau.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 3.2.2. Phng php xc nh nht bng dng chy. (TC 3.3 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH) a. Dng c: - Phu o nht FC4 - Nhit k - ng h bm giy b. Tin hnh. - a mu v phu o v nhit 300C. Mu th nghim phi khng c bt kh. Gi phu c t thng bng. Bt y phu v rt mu t t vo phu trnh to bt kh n khi mu to thnh mt mt cong hoc va trn ra mp phu. Dng a thu tinh gt qua mp phu. - Thi gian chy ca mu qua phu c tnh t khi mu bt u chy n khi dng chy bt u t on v c o bng ng h bm giy. - Chnh lch nhit cho php 10C. 3.2.3. Phng php xc nh ch s Axt. (TC 3.4 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH) nh ngha: L s lng mgKOH dng trung ho axt d trong 1g nha Alkyd. a. Dng c - ho cht: - Cn k thut

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Buret chun - Bnh tam gic chun - Phenolphthalien - Dung dch chun KOH 0.1N - Hn hp dung mi cn - xylen 1 : 1 b. Tin hnh. - Cn khong 1 - 2g mu nha Alkyd a vo bnh chun v pha long bng 40 - 50ml hn hp cn - xylen, sau un nh hoc ngm trong nc nng v lc ho tan hon ton mu. - Thm vo 2 - 3 git Phenolphthalien v tin hnh chn bng dung dch KOH 0.1N. Khi mu chuyn t khng mu sang hng nht bn trong 30 giy th dng chun v ghi li s ml KOH tiu tn.

Ch s axt c tnh nh sau:

Ch s axt =

V N 56,1 m

Trong : V - S ml dung dch KOH s dng

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Tng hp nha Alkyd N - Nng dung dch chun KOH m - Khi lng mu (tnh bng gram) Ch : Khi khng c KOH ngi ta c th th dng NaOH nhng cng thc tnh vn nh trn. 3.2.4. Phng php xc nh hm lng cc cht khng bay hi. (TC 3.2 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH) a. Dng c: - Cn phn tch c chnh xc n 0.001g - a nhm, kch thc 523cm: 2 chic. - L sy b. Tin hnh. - Tin hnh th trn 2 mu. Cn trng lng hai a nhm chnh xc n 0.002g. - Cn t 1 - 2g mu chnh xc n 0.002g trn mi a nhm v a vo l sy. Nhit v thi gian sy ty theo tng loi cht to mng cho n khi trng lng khng i. - Tt l sy v mu ngui n nhit phng. Cn li trng lng a nhm sau khi sy chnh xc n 0.002g.

Hm lng cc cht khng bay hi c tnh bng cng thc:

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Tng hp nha Alkyd HLR =m3 - m1 100 m2 - m1

Trong : m1 - trng lng a nhm m2 - trng lng a nhm c mu trc khi sy m3 - trng lng a nhm c mu sau khi sy Lm th nghim trn 2 mu v ghi li s liu. Hm lng cc cht khng bay hi bng trung bnh cng kt qu 2 mu th nghim 3.2.5. Phng php xc nh thi im kt thc ca giai on1 (Alcol phn) - phng php 2 giai on. (TC 3.5 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH) a. Dng c - ho cht: - ng nghim chu nhit 12 - 14 - Cp ng nghim - Cc ly mu - Cn etylic 960 b. Tin hnh. - Ly khong 2 - 4 ml mu alcolyz vo ng nghim sch. - T t rt cn 960 vo ng nghim trn vi t l v th tch l 1 : 1 (1mu : 1cn)

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Lc u v quan st: nu thy mu trong sut th kt thc qu trnh alcol phn - Nu mu cn c th tin hnh duy tr nhit tip (gi nhit phn ng). 4. Xy dng n phi liu thc t trong sn xut. to ra c sn phm t cc ch tiu k thut vi bo la chn l 64% khi lng v t l nhm OH d l 1,24. T cng thc: S ng lng (-OH) R= = 1,24 S ng lng (-COOH)

Ta tnh c t l % ca III. Cng ngh sn xut. 1. n phi liu:

Penta Erythrytol: 14,15% Anhydride Phthalic: 24,68%

Tn sn phm: Nha Alkyd penta u chu. K m hiu:AK02 - C3

Sn xut trn R101 v R201 TT 1 2 3 4 5 Tn nguyn liu Du u ngoi Du chu ni Penta erythrytol ngoi Anhydride phthalic ngoi PbO xc tc (Trung Quc) Tnh cho 1 m Tnh cho 1 m pha long nu trn thit b thit b 10KL 7.5KL 3450 3450 450 450 860 860 1500 1500 4 4

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 6 7 8 Xylen hi lu Xylen pha long - ra Du ho 200 165 200 165 3700 (4655 + 10lit)

Tng sn phm thu c: 10.000 kg (Hm lng rn 60 2%) Ch : - Ra thit b R-101 (R201) - Pha long trc tip trong thit b R-102 - Ra thit b R-102 200 lt 4.355 lt 100 lt

2. Quy trnh thao tc cng ngh. - Bm du u v du chu vo thit b R101 (hoc R201), Khuy 30 - 40 vng/pht. Np Pentaerythrytol (thi gian cho 20 - 30 pht). - Khi np xong Pentaerythrytol. Khuy 30 - 40 vng/pht trong thi gian 15 - 20 pht, sau tng tc khuy ln 75 5 vng/pht. Tng nhit. - Khi t nhit 180 20C m thng p np xc tc PbO (thi gian t 5 - 10 pht). Khuy 75 5 vng/pht v tip tc tng nhit. - Tng nhit ln 260 20C v duy tr nhit ny. Sau 50 pht ly mu kim tra alcol phn ln 1 (sau c 10 pht ly mu 1 ln). Khi thy mu t trong sut. Chuyn sang giai on lm lnh (kim tra alcol phn theo TC3.5 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH). - H nhit n 170 20C. M van ch U, tho nc y PC 101 (i vi thit b R101). - Gim khuy ti 30 - 40 vng/pht. M thng p, np Anhydride phthalic (thi gian t 35 - 50 pht), sau np xylen hi lu (thi gian t 5 - 10 pht). Tng khuy ln 75 5 vng/pht.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Tng nhit ln 180 20C, tip tc tng nhit t 1800C ln n 240 50C trong thi gian 7 gi. Duy tr tc khuy 75 5 vng/pht cho n khi kt thc qu trnh Sau 3 gi k t khi t 1800C, c 30 pht ly mu kim tra 1 ln. Kim tra nht v ch s axt theo TC3.3 2002/PPT.NL - STH v TC3.4 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH. - Tin hnh duy tr nhit 240 50C, trong thi gian ny khi nht 45 giy, c 30 pht ly mu kim tra mt ln, khi nht > 45 giy, c 15 pht kim tra mt ln, cho n khi kim tra thy nht t 70 - 90 giy (50% hm rn ho tan bng du ho, trong FC4) v ch s axt (H+) 18 mgKOH/g. Lm lnh. - H nhit ti 1500C. - Bm (hoc tho) sn phm t R101 (hoc R201) sang R102. Khuy 40 - 50 vng/pht. - Bm du ho v xylen ra thit b R101 (hoc R201), ri bm (hoc tho) sang R102. - Bm du ho vo R102 pha long nha + khuy 45 - 50 vng/pht. - Lc, ng thi bm nha t R102 sang tc cha sn phm cng loi. - ng sn phm ra cc thng phi hoc cc tank cp ti phn xng sn xut sn. 3. Ch tiu k thut sn phm. Thc hin theo TC3.2 - 2007/NL - STH. Phng m bo Cht lng

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Tng hp nha Alkyd tin hnh v thng bo kt qu 2 ch tiu ( nht, ch s axt) ti phn xng. Ghi kt qu vo biu mu thao tc.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

IV. H thng thit b tng hp nha Alkyd. 1. Dy chuyn thit b tng hp nha Alkyd. 2. Quy trnh vn hnh ca dy chuyn thit b tng hp nha Alkyd.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 2.1. Qui trnh vn hnh dy chuyn tng hp nha alkyd. 2.1.1. Trc khi vn hnh. - Kim tra in 3 pha cung cp cho t iu khin. Dng ng h Ampek tng v Vn k tng. - Kim tra cc ch s trn bng iu khin, phi ph hp vi yu cu. Nu khng ph hp, phi khc phc trc khi hot ng. - Kim tra v tr ng, m cc van trn ton b dy chuyn. a v v tr quy nh. - Kim tra h thng nc lm mt cung cp cho dy chuyn. PH2O 1,5 at - Kim tra hot ng ca h thng cp kh nn PKh nn 6 at - Kim tra hot ng ca h bm ht chn khng - Kim tra trng thi hot ng ca b phn gia nhit (Heater). Nhit du ti nhit (du nng) = 3000C - La chn chng trnh iu khin (ng vi n phi liu). - c k qui trnh vn hnh thit b gia nhit (Heater) - c k qui trnh vn hnh Bm sn phm - c k qui trnh vn hnh Bm np liu t ng - c k qui trnh vn hnh Bm dung mi

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

2.1.2. Vn hnh h thng. - Vn hnh h thng theo ng yu cu ca quy trnh cng ngh (Phiu ngh sn xut). - Trong qu trnh vn hnh phi thng xuyn theo di cht ch cc thng s xut hin cc cm iu khin, cc ng h, cc n bo trn t iu khin PLC, kim sot c cc qu trnh ang din ra v nhng pht sinh xy ra trn ton b dy chuyn. - Trong qu trnh vn hnh phi theo di s hot ng ca cc m t thng qua cc ch s trn ng h Ampek tng ng. Nu thy khng bnh thng. Phi tm ra nguyn nhn v cch khc phc. - X l cc tnh hung li xut hin do ci bo ng thng bo. 2.1.3. Kt thc quy trnh. - a h thng v trng thi ngng hot ng v phi m bo an ton. - Ngt Attomt in tng - a cc van v v tr an ton - X ht kh h thng cp kh nn 2.2. Quy trnh vn hnh h bm ht chn khng. 2.2.1. Trc khi vn hnh.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - M nc lm mt vo bm. - Kim tra kh nn cung cp cho bm PKh nn 3 at - Kim tra tt c cc van trn h thng to chn khng. a chng vo v tr hot ng.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

2.2.2. Vn hnh h bm ht chn khng.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Chy bm chn khng v iu chnh chn khng theo yu cu Ch : Trong qu trnh vn hnh phi thng xuyn theo di hot ng ca bm, pht hin nhng s c bt thng kp thi. 2.2.3. Kt thc quy trnh . - a h thng v p sut thng . - ng van nc v kh nn cung cp cho bm. - V sinh bm sch s. 2.3. Qui trnh vn hnh thit b gia nhit (Heater). 2.3.1. Trc khi vn hnh: - Kim tra lng du Diezen, phi cho 1 m sn xut. Nu khng phi ngng sn xut. - Kim tra s hot ng ca cc bm . - Kim tra du ti nhit trong tc cha du d phng, phi theo yu cu. Khi thiu, phi b sung ngay - Kim tra v tr cc van trn ton b h thng thit b gia nhit (nu cha ng, phi iu chnh li). 2.3.2. Vn hnh thit b gia nhit. - Bt bm du ti nhit (du nng). - Bt my t. - Ci t nhit du ti nhit theo yu cu ca qu trnh sn xut . - La chn ch t trng thi t ng.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Bo co tnh trng ca thit b gia nhit cho trng ca. Ch : Trong qu trnh vn hnh thit b gia nhit phi thng xuyn: + Theo di p sut du ti nhit. Nu thy khng bnh thng phi x l, khc phc (x e). + Theo di cc ch s xut hin trn t iu khin, kim sot c qu trnh v khc phc cc s c xy ra. + Nu c s c xy ra, phi vn hnh bng tay. + Tuyt i khng c ri v tr lm vic nu khng c ngi thay th. 2.3.3. Kt thc quy trnh: - Tt b phn cp nhit (bm du ti nhit v my t). - ng van cp du Diezen t tc cha v bnh trung gian. - V sinh sch s thit b gia nhit. 2.4. Quy trnh vn hnh bm sn phm. 2.4.1. Trc khi vn hnh. - Kim tra v a cc van trn ng bm vo ng v tr hot ng theo yu cu (bm phi t u ti u). - Kim tra lc trng thi tt, chun b lc d phng theo yu cu. 2.4.2. Vn hnh bm sn phm. - Thng bo cho trng ca. Bt Attomt ca bm. Trong qu trnh vn hnh bm sn phm phi thng xuyn:

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Theo di hot ng ca bm thng qua ting ng ca bm , xc nhn vic bm hot ng tt v cc hin tng bt thng xy ra (tc lc trc v sau bm , kt bm, tc ng ng). - i vi bm PR 101A, p sut thay lc l P = 2 at. - i vi bm PR 101B, p sut thay lc l P = 4 at. 2.4.3. Kt thc quy trnh: - Thng bo cho trng ca tt Attomat. - a cc van trn ng bm sn phm v v tr ng. - V sinh bm v khu vc xung quanh bm. - V sinh cc lc. - Chun b bm tnh trng sn sng cho nhng ln hot ng tip theo. 2.5. Quy trnh vn hnh bm np liu t ng. 2.5.1. Trc khi vn hnh. - Kim tra v tr cc van trn ng np liu, ng theo yu cu ra (np liu t tec cha no, vo u). - Kim tra hot ng ca bm du tho mc v bm xy len, phi m bo an ton. - Kim tra hot ng ca h thng cn-lng v a cc van x liu v v tr ng. 2.5.2. Vn hnh bm np liu.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Thng bo cho trng ca bt Attomat. - Ci t s lng nguyn liu cn np cn WIC-101 v s lng tr trong ng bm trn bng iu khin (mi ln np khng qu 2500 kg) - La chn ng bm - La chn cng tc in ch Auto. Bt bm. Trong trng hp np liu trc tip (iu khin bng tay) vo R101 (R201) phi theo di ch s ca WIC - 102 (WIC - 202) m bo bm ng s lng cn thit. Ch : Khi vn hnh bm, phi thng xuyn theo di tnh trng ca bm, thng qua ng h ampe k tng ng, ting ng ca bm kim sot cc hin tng bt thng nh: tc lc, tc ng ng, kt bnh rng bm, van iu khin bng kh nn hot ng khng tt. 2.5.3. Kt thc quy trnh. - Tt bm v a cng tc in v ch Off. - Thng bo cho trng ca tt attomt ca bm. - a cc van np liu v v tr ng. 2.6. Quy trnh vn hnh bm dung mi. 2.6.1. Trc khi vn hnh: - Kim tra lng dung mi (Du ho hoc ZA1), phi cho 1 ln sn xut.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Cc lc ca bm phi thng thong, sch s. - Cc van trn ng ra ca bm phi ng theo yu cu ca ngi vn hnh (bm dung mi vo u) trnh bm nhm vo ni khng mong mun. 2.6.2. Vn hnh bm dung mi. - Ci t s lng dung mi cn bm trn bng iu khin. - Bt cng tc bm. Ch : + Trong qu trnh vn hnh phi theo di tc bm kim sot hin tng tc cc lc, theo di ting ng ca bm pht hin cc s c bt thng cng nh hin tng bm b nhy. + Khc phc hin tng e khng kh nu c. 2.6.3. Kt thc quy trnh: - Tt cng tc bm. - ng tt c cc van ng ra ca bm. 3. Cc thit b trong dy chuyn tng hp nha Alkyd. 3.1. H thng thit b gia nhit bng du ti nhit. 3.1.1. S h thng thit b.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

1 - Thit b gia nhit (Heater).

9 - B lc du Diezen.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 2 - Tc cha trung gian du ti nhit. 3 - ng thy. 4 - Bm tun hon. 5 - B lc du ti nhit. 6 - Bm b sung du ti nhit. 7 - Bm du Diezen. 8 - Bnh lng trung gian du Diezen 10 - Tc cha du Diezen. 11 - B u t. 12 - ng ng du ti nhit tun hon. 13 - ng ng cp du ti nhit. 14 - Cc lc du ti nhit. 15 - Bnh gin n du ti nhit 16 - ng khi.

3.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng. Du Diezen c gia nhit s b, sau qua bm cao p, nn n p sut P = 20 25 KG/cm2, to dng sng m v phun vo b nh la bng h quang in, bt u t t chy. Nhit lng c qut gi thi vo trong lng l t, t nng khng gian v cc ng xon rut g cha du ti nhit trong lng l t. Du ti nhit nng c cc bm tun hon vn chuyn ti thit b phn ng, cp nhit cho thit b phn ng v c tun hon tr li l t, tip tc c t nng ln ti nhit yu cu. 3.1.3. Quy trnh vn hnh h thng. 3.1.3.1. Trc khi vn hnh - Kim tra an ton in, PCCN + ng ngun in vo my - n sng (c ngun in). + n khng sng - khng c in, h thng khng khi ng c. - Kim tra mc du ti nhit cha trong bnh dn n. + n bo mc trn bng iu khin sng: Mc du khng , h thng khng th khi ng c.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd + n bo mc khng sng: Mc du , h thng khi ng c. + Khi mc du khng : Phi b sung du ti nhit cho n khi n bo mc tt. - Kim tra h thng bm du Diezen. + Kim tra mc du Diezen trong bnh trung gian. + Kim tra cc van, ng ng dn du Diezen, b lc trng thi hot ng. - Kim tra bm tun hon du Diezen, khi ng bm tun hon du Diezen trc, chy bm khong 10 pht - 15 pht. 3.1.3.2. Vn hnh h thng. - La chn phng thc vn hnh bm du Diezen vo thng trung gian ch t ng. + Khi t trng thi t ng m mc du Diezen hin th v tr gii hn di, la chn ch iu khin bng tay, bm bnh rng hot ng, biu th s iu khin mc du Diezen mt tc dng. + Khi iu khin bng tay m bm bnh rng khng hot ng, biu th bm du Diezen c s c. - Khi ng bm tun hon du ti nhit. + Bt cng tc khi ng bm tun hon du ti nhit, n trn bng iu khin bo sng, lc ny p sut du ti nhit cha n nh, ci bo li s ku. a cng tc v v tr Reset (Alarm off) ct li, sau khong 5 giy, bm vn hnh bnh thng cc n bo trn bng

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Tng hp nha Alkyd iu khin u sng . + Nu nh dng in ca bm tun hon du ti nhit qu ti v nhy, nn ng bt ca van ra ca bm, lm gim cng dng in ca bm . - Chn phng thc cp nhit ch t ng, tun hon: - a cng tc ngun ca h thng v trng thi Control, lc ny cc bm cp du Diezen hot ng ch t ng, bt bm tun hon du ti nhit, bm bnh rng hot ng vn chuyn du Diezen ti bm cao p, nn du ti p sut yu cu v phun vo bung t di dng sng m, cng lc qut thi gi hot ng (t ng iu chnh lu lng gi), b nh la bng tia la in hot ng, ngn la bng chy, khi photosen (t bo quang in) nhn c nh sng, iu khin ct trng thi nh la. Tu theo yu cu m hot ng 1 hoc 2 vi t. Khi hot ng 1 vi t n LO fire trn bng iu khin sng. Khi hot ng 2 vi t n HI fire trn bng iu khin sng. Trong qu trnh t c th theo di ngn la, thng qua knh quan st u qut thi gi. Theo di qu trnh thng qua cc n bo trn bng iu khin. - Ci t thng s ca ng h lu lng, chnh lch p sut, thng thng mc di th nht ci t 0,1 bar, mc di th hai ci t 0,25 bar, nu nh kim ng h ch chnh lch p sut thc t thp hn mc di th nht, hoc mc di th hai theo ci t th lu lng, chnh lch p sut khng , n bo li s sng, n bo vn hnh u t s b tt v u t dng hot ng. - Khi mi khi ng h thng hoc b sung thm du ti nhit mi,

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Tng hp nha Alkyd trong ng ng c hi m, khi nhit tng n khong 100 0C - 1300C, du ti nhit trong ng s bt u bc hi m, lc ny p sut trong ng ng khng n nh, dn n khng lu lng, lm cho kim bo chnh lch p sut thc t thp hn mc di ci t. Lc lu lng, chnh lch p khng , n bo li sng, u t dng lm vic: + Ci t gim mc di th hai thp xung, duy tr hot ng bm tun hon nhit ny, m cc van x khng kh trn ng ng v van x e pha trn bnh gin n hi m thot ra. + Khi hi m thot ht, c th tng nhit ln dn v ci t tng mc di th hai ln. Khi h thng vn hnh bnh thng. Phi ng kn cc van x hi m m trc , cn phng du ti nhit tip xc vi khng kh d gy ra chy n. - Khi kim ng h ch chnh lch p sut thc t ln hn mc di th nht v mc di th hai, trong khi n bo lu lng, chnh lch p sut bt sng m u t khng hot ng, c th do ng h lu lng, chnh lch p sut mt tc dng hoc u t b hng. Cn kim tra, bo dng v sa cha u t. - Phi thng xuyn theo di u t, ng h p lc, lu lng k, chnh lch p sut du ti nhit, p sut u ra ca bm tun hon du ti nhit v b lc trong qu trnh h thng hot ng. - Nhit u ra ca du ti nhit qu cao, m n bo vn hnh u t tt, biu hin nhit trong bung t ca thit b gia nhit b qu nhit. Phi h nhit ci t trn bng iu khin xung, nhit ci

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Tng hp nha Alkyd t trong bung t khng c cao hn 300 3500C - n bo qu nhit ca ng khi sng, m n bo vn hnh u t tt, biu hin nhit ng khi vt qu gii hn cho php (350 4200C). - n bo li b nh la c th do cc nguyn nhn sau: + Nhit gia nhit ca du Diezen cha t yu cu (nhit khong 1100C 1200C). + Khong cch gia hai in cc ca b nh la qu ln, khng to ra c tia la in (bnh thng l 3,5 mm - 4 mm) hoc khong cch t hai in cc ti vi phun qu ln (bnh thng l 3 mm - 5 mm). + L vi phun ca u t b tc bi vt l, hoc SEAL hnh kim trong vi phun khng hot ng, lm du Diezen khng phun ra c. + Bm bnh rng ca du t khng hot ng, hoc li lc du Diezen b tc, khng p lc. - p sut ca qut thi khng kh vo bung t, iu chnh mc 1KG/cm2 (c th iu chnh c thng qua cc van iu khin). p sut bm cao p ca u t l: 20 - 25 KG/cm2. Phi thng xuyn bo dng b lc du Diezen. * Nhng im cn lu khi vn hnh h thng: + Khi bt u gia nhit, phi kim tra tnh trng gia nhit trc, sau ci t nhit bng iu khin vo khong 1000C 1300C. Khi

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Tng hp nha Alkyd nhit trong l tng dn, m van x pha trn bnh gin n hi m thot ra. + c bit ch khi nhit 1000C 1300C, lc ny hi m trong du ti nhit nng ln s bay hi, ng thi th tch du ti nhit s tng ln trong c h thng. + Khi hot ng n nh, cn tng nhit t t n nhit yu cu, hi m tip tc bay hi. + Kim tra cc khp ni trc bm phi m bo k thut, cng dng in ca cc ng c in phi n nh. + Trong khi vn hnh h thng, cn thng xuyn kim tra s r r ca h thng ng ng, van, cc mt bch, lc Phi m bo kn, nu khng kn th phi x l, xit cht li cc mi ghp bu lng ai c 3.1.3.3. Kt thc. - Tt bm tun hon du ti nhit. - a cng tc ngun ca h thng v trng thi Stop. - Ct ngun in vo my. -V sinh v kim tra tt c cc b lc (lc du ti nhit v lc du Diezen). 3.1.4. Bo dng h thng gia nhit bng du ti nhit 3.1.4.1. H thng bm v b lc - V sinh b lc du ti nhit: + H nhit du ti nhit xung thp hn 800C, kho cc van

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Tng hp nha Alkyd trc v sau b lc. + M np chn hoc u bt pha di b lc (dng thng hng du ti nhit). + Tho cc bu lng, ai c v li lc ra, v sinh sch s. + Lp li lc vo ng v tr, sau bt cc bu lng ai c li mt cch chc chn. + M cc van trc v sau b lc, lc u m t t kim tra s r r du ti nhit. Ch : Khi m du ti nhit, ngi vn hnh phi ng n sang mt bn, trnh hng khe h ca b mt lp ghp b lc, phng khi du bn ra, gy tai nn lao ng. - V sinh b lc du Diezen (v sinh hng ngy). - Kim tra cc ng h p sut. - Khi dng vn hnh bm tun hon du ti nhit cn: + Kim tra cng tc bo v ng c in. + Kim tra cu ch, rle + Kim tra dng in tiu th ca ng c in. + Kim tra cc khp ni trc ng c vi gung bm, phi m bo an ton. + Kim tra ton b h thng ng ng du ti nhit. - Khi cc bm lm vic rung ng mnh.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd + Kim tra khp ni trc vi ng c in phi cn bng, khp ni trc khng b trc trc. + Hng ngy nu thy bm c ting ku khc thng, cn kim tra cc trc, v b sung du bi trn cho cc trc ca bm. 3.1.4.2. H thng ng ng. - Khi cn thay cc giong chu nhit trn ng ng, phi h nhit du ti nhit xung, kho cc van trn ng ng cn thay giong, ng thi phi tho ht du ti nhit trn ng ng cn thay. Khi thay xong, phi b sung du ti nhit, kim tra m bo yu cu k thut v an ton, mi c gia nhit. Khi tng nhit du ti nhit ln khong 1600C th dng, tin hnh sit cht li cc mi ghp ti khi m bo kn. - H thng ng ng khi ang hot ng m xy ra s c r r, lp tc dng h thng gia nhit, gim p sut du ti nhit, h nhit du ti nhit xung ti nhit yu cu, ri tin hnh x l s c. Ch : Khi du ti nhit ang nhit cao, khng uc php hn, ct. Phi h nhit du ti nhit xung ti nhit yu cu, mi c gia cng v t bit ch bin php an ton. 3.1.5. An ton PCCN trong phng lp thit b gia nhit bng du ti nhit. - Phng lm vic phi thng xuyn duy tr ngn np v sch s, cc vt d chy khng c gn h thng du ti nhit, du Diezen, thn thit b gia nhit - Mt sn phng lm vic nu c vt du Diezen hoc du ti nhit r

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Tng hp nha Alkyd r ra, phi lau chi, qut dn sch s ngay. - Cc ca s xung quanh phng nn m ra, tng ngun khng kh cho phng, lm tng s lu thng khng kh v trao i nhit. - Trang b cc bnh cu ho y , cc thit b PCCN t ch d ly v c nim yt ni dung r rng. 3.2. Cc thit b chnh. 3.2.1. Thit b gia nhit (Heater) H 101. a. Cu to thit b gia nhit (Heater ).1 12 11

10

2 3

4

7 5 6

8

9

1 - Bch mt u 2 - Lp bo n 3 - B u t 4 - Gi 5 - Van x y 6 - Chn

7 - ng trao i nhit 8 - Thn thit b 9 - Bch 10 - ng khi 11 - ng ng du ti nhit tun hon 12 - ng ng cp du ti nhit

b. Quy trnh vn hnh (xem mc 2.3). 3.2.2. Thit b phn ng.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd a. Thit b phn ng R 101. Thit b phn ng c ch to bng thp khng r, v bc kp c ch to bng thp thng. Cc thng s k thut: Dung tch: V = 7500 lt ng knh: D = 1930 mm Chiu cao: H = 2930 mm Nhit thit k: tTK = 3000C. Nhit lm vic: tLV = 2600C. p sut thit k: pTK = 5 kg/cm2. M t in: 20 HP - in 3 pha 220/380 - tn s 60 HZ EG - 3, km hp gim tc v b bin tn. Tc quay c iu chnh bng b bin tn. Di iu chnh c vi: n = 30 90 (vng/pht). Thit b phn ng c hai tng v bc kp gia nhit bn ngoi thn v ng xon rut g bn trong thit b. C ng ng np kh Nit (N 2) sc t y bn trong thit b ln pha trn.

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Cu to thit b phn ng R 101.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 1 - ng c in. 2 - Ca tra du bi trn. 3 - Gi m t. 4 - Ca sa cha. 5 - ng du ti nhit t ng xon ra. 6 - V bc ngoi thit b. 7 - ng du ti nhit vo v bc trn. 8 - Thn thit b. 9 - Ca ly mu. 10 - ng du ti nhit vo ng xon. 11 - Gi trc khuy. b. Thit b phn ng R 201. Thit b phn ng c ch to bng thp khng r, v bc kp c ch to bng thp thng Cc thng s k thut: Dung tch: V = 7500 lt ng knh: D = 1930 mm Chiu cao: H = 2950 mm Nhit thit k: tTK = 3000C. Nhit lm vic: tLV = 2600C. p sut thit k: pTK = 5 kg/cm2. M t in: 20 HP - in 3 pha 220/380 - tn s 60 HZ EG - 3, km hp gim tc v b bin tn. Tc quay c iu chnh bng b bin tn. Di iu chnh c vi: n = 40 120 (vng/pht). Thit b phn ng c mt v bc kp gia nhit bn ngoi thn (tng 12 - Ca ra sn phm. 13 - ng du ti nhit vo v bc di. 14 - Cnh khuy. 15 - Trc khuy. 16 - ng du ti nhit t v bc ra. 17 - Tai treo. 18 - Ca quan st. 19 - ng ng cp kh N2. 20 - ng ng hi lu Xylen. 21 - Ca np liu. 22 - Khp ni trc khuy.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd mt) v ng xon rut g bn trong thit b, v bc kp tng hai bn ngoi thn dng cha nc lm mt. C ng ng np kh Nit (N2) sc t y bn trong thit b ln pha trn.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

Cu to thit b phn ng R 201.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 1 - ng c in. 2 - Ca tra du bi trn. 3 - Gi m t. 4 - Ca sa cha. 5 - ng du ti nhit t ng xon ra. 6 - V bc ngoi thit b. 7 - ng nc lm mt vo v bc trn. 8 - Thn thit b. 9 - Ca ly mu. 10 - ng du ti nhit vo ng xon. 11 - Gi trc khuy. 12 - Ca ra sn phm. 3.2.3. Thit b trao i nhit. 3.2.3.1. Thit b trao i nhit cc b a. Thit b trao i nhit cc b PC 101. Thit b c ch to bng vt liu thp khng r, bn trong c cc a l (9 a) vi ng chy chuyn. Pha trn phn bn trong thit b c cc ng xon rut g c lm mt bng nc. Cc thng s k thut: B mt trao i nhit: F = 25 m2; ng knh: D = 560 mm; Chiu cao: H = 4190 mm. 13 - ng du ti nhit vo v bc di. 14 - Cnh khuy. 15 - Trc khuy. 16 - ng du ti nhit t v bc ra. 17 - ng nc lm mt t v bc trn ra. 18 - Tai treo. 19 - Ca quan st. 20 - ng ng cp kh N2. 21 - ng ng hi lu Xylen. 22 - Ca np liu. 23 - Khp ni trc khuy.

Cu to thit b trao i nhit cc b PC 101

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 1- Ca ra ca hn hp hi Xylen - Nc ti TC 101. 2 - Np. 3 - Bch. 4 - ng nc lm mt (xon rut g). 9 - ng chy trn.

10 - ng du ti nhit vo. 11 - ng thu hi Xylen. 12 - ng vo ca hn hp hi Xylen - Nc, AP 13, 14 - Ca quan st. 15 - ng nc lm mt vo. 16 - ng nc lm mt ra.

5 - ng du ti nhit ra. 6 - Tai treo. 7 - Lp bo n du ti nhit. 8 - a thp chng. * Nguyn l lm vic ca PC 101.

Hn hp hi nng Xylen - Nc v mt phn Anhydride phthalic thng hoa i qua cc a chng ct bay ln phn trn PC 101, i vo phn tum bn trong chp nh PC 101. Nc lm mt i bn trong cc ng xon rut g quanh chp nh, lm mt khong khng gian chp nh, Xylen ngng t ri tr li cc a thp chng ct cun theo c Anhydride phthalic, trn b mt a xy ra cc qu trnh trao i pha lng - hi, kt qu cui cng Xylen lng hi lu tr li thit b phn ng cn hi nc v mt phn hi Xylen qu nhit bay hi sang TC 101.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd b. Thit b trao i nhit cc b PC 201. Thp bao PT 201: Thit b l tr rng c v bc kp bn ngoi, c ch to bng thp khng r, bn trong cha cc con m cn tr lu lng kh bng thp khng r. Cc thng s k thut ng knh trong: D = 450 mm Chiu cao: H = 1500 mm Trc dy: 4.5 mm o bc dy: 4.5 mm Vng: 38 Thit b trao i nhit cc b PC 201: Thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm, cc chm ng, cc vch ngn v v c ch to bng thp khng r. Cc thng s k thut: B mt trao i nhit: F = 12 m2. ng knh trong: D = 450 mm. Chiu cao: H = 1850 mm. * Nguyn l lm vic ca PC 201. Hn hp hi nng Xylen - Nc v mt phn Anhydride phthalic thng hoa bay ln phn m cn tr lu lng, sau tip tc bay ln v

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Tng hp nha Alkyd i vo trong lng ng chm, cn nc lm mt i ngoi ng qua cc vch ngn, qu trnh trao i nhit xy ra, Xylen ngng t ri tr li phn m cn tr lu lng, cun theo c Anhydride phthalic, kt qu cui cng Xylen lng hi lu tr li thit b phn ng, cn hi nc v mt phn hi Xylen qu nhit bay hi sang TC 201. Cu to thit b trao i nhit cc b PC 201

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

1 - Bch

6, 9 - ng nc lm mt vo.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 2 - Ca vo ca hn hp hi Xylen - Nc, AP 3 - ng chm. 4, 8 - ng nc lm mt ra. 5 - Vch ngn. 3.2.3.2. Thit b trao i nhit ton phn. * Gii thiu v thit b trao i nhit ton phn. a. Thit b trao i nhit ton phn TC 101. Thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm, cc ng c ch to bng thp khng r, cc vch ngn v v c ch to bng thp thng. Cc thng s k thut: B mt trao i nhit: F = 25 m2. ng knh: D = 508 mm. Chiu di: L = 2700 mm. 7 - Thn ca PT 201. 10 - Cc m cn tr lu lng. 11 - Ca sa cha.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

Cu to thit b trao i nhit ton phn TC 101

1 - ng ng vo ca hn hp t PC 101. 2, 8 - Bch mt u. 3 - ng ng vo ca hn hp t R 101. 4 - Chn . 5 - Thn thit b. 6 - ng nc lm mt vo.

7 - Ca ra ca hn hp ngng t. 9 - Ca ht chn khng. 10,14 - Bch ng chm. 11 - ng chm. 12 - Vch ngn. 13 - ng nc lm mt ra.

b. Thit b trao i nhit ton phn TC 201. Thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm, cc ng c ch to bng thp khng r, cc vch ngn v v c ch to bng thp thng. Cc thng s k thut:

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Tng hp nha Alkyd B mt trao i nhit: F = 35 m2. ng knh trong: D = 500 mm. Chiu di: L = 3600 mm. Cu to thit b trao i nhit ton phn TC 201

1 - ng ng vo ca hn hp t PC 201. 2,7 - Bch mt u. 3 - Chn . 4 - Thn thit b. 5 - ng nc lm mt vo. 6 - Ca ra ca hn hp ngng t.

8 - Ca ht chn khng. 9, 13 - Bch ng chm. 10 - ng chm. 11 - Vch ngn. 12 - ng nc lm mt ra.

* Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b trao i nhit ton phn. TC 101, TC 201 l thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm t nghing so vi phng nm ngang mt gc 300. Hn hp hi Xylen - Nc nng i vo trong cc ng, cn nc lm mt i ngoi cc ng, qua cc vch

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Tng hp nha Alkyd ngn, thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit, lm lnh hn hp hi Xylen Nc. Nc ngng t chy v bnh phn ly, theo di thng qua n- knh quan st. 3.2.3.3. Thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit. * Gii thiu thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit. a. Thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit E 101. Thit b trao i nhit dng chm ng ch U, cc ng c ch to bng thp khng r, cc vch ngn v v c ch to bng thp thng. Du ti nhit i trong lng ng, nc lm mt i ngoi ng qua cc vch ngn. Cu to: Gm cc ng ch U c hn vo mt bch u v chia lm hai ngn. Mt bn l ng vo, cn bn kia l ng ra thng qua vch ngn, bn ngoi cc ng ch U c cc vch ngn. Thng s k thut: B mt trao i nhit: F = 35 m2. Cu to thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit E 101.

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1 - Thn thit b. 2 - ng nc lm mt ra. 3 - Van x e du ti nhit. 4 - Np. 5 - Chn . 6 - ng nc lm mt vo. 7 - Tm chn . 8 - ng trao i nhit.

9 - ng ng nc lm lnh. 10 - Vch ngn. 11 - Bch mt u. 12 - ng du ti nhit vo. 13 - Van x e hi nc. 14 - ng ng du ti nhit. 15 - ng du ti nhit ra.

b. Thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit E 201. Thit b trao i nhit dng chm ng ch U, cc ng c ch to bng thp khng r, cc vch ngn v v c ch to bng thp thng. Du ti nhit i trong lng ng, nc lm mt i ngoi ng qua cc vch ngn. Cu to: Gm cc ng ch U c hn vo mt bch u v chia lm

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Tng hp nha Alkyd hai ngn. Mt bn l ng vo cn bn kia l ng ra thng qua vch ngn, bn ngoi cc ng ch U c cc vch ngn. Thng s k thut: B mt trao i nhit: F = 40 m2.

Cu to thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit E 201.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 1 - Thn thit b. 2 - ng nc lm mt ra. 3 - Van x e. 4 - Np. 5 - Van x nc. 6 - Chn 7 - Vch ngn. 8 - ng nc lm mt vo. 9 - Bch mt u. 10 - ng du ti nhit vo. 11 - ng du ti nhit ra. 12 - ng trao i nhit.

* Nguyn l lm vic thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit. Du ti nhit nng sau khi cp nhit cho thit b phn ng, qua h thng van iu khin, qua h thng thit b trao i nhit du ti nhit. Du ti nhit i vo trong lng cc ng chm hnh ch U, nc lm mt i ngoi cc ng hnh ch U qua cc vch ngn. Thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit, lm ngui du ti nhit.

3.2.4. Bnh phn ly. * Gii thiu v bnh phn ly. Bnh phn ly, dng phn ly hn hp Xylen v Nc. Bnh c ch to bng thp khng r vi dung tch nh sau: Bnh V 102 (V =150lt), v V 202 (V = 200 lt) * Nguyn l lm vic ca bnh phn ly. Ti bnh phn ly do khi lng ring ca nc ln hn khi lng ring ca Xylen, nn to ra s phn lp Xylen - Nc (Xylen trn -

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Tng hp nha Alkyd Nc di). Xylen c thu hi v thit b phn ng qua ng chy trn (hi lu), cn nc c x ra bnh cha nc thi x l. Qu trnh thu hi Xylen v x nc, c thc hin qua h thng van iu khin v h thng ht chn khng. 3.2.5. Bnh cha nc thi. Dng cha nc ngng do phn ng sinh ra. Bnh c ch to bng thp khng r vi dung tch: V = 3500 lt. 3.3. H thng np liu. 3.3.1. H thng np nguyn liu lng. 3.3.1.1. Quy trnh vn hnh bm np liu t ng (Xem 2.5). 3.3.1.2. S cp liu. Nguyn liu lng qua bm, van iu khin vo thng lng (lng cn t ng), qua van tay, ri qua van t ng x vo thit b phn ng. 3.3.1.3. Thng lng. Thng c ch to bng thp khng r v c lp cn t ng Load - cell.

Cc thng s k thut: Dung tch: V = 2800 (lt) ng knh: D = 1200 mm. Cu to thng lng Chiu cao: H = 1200 mm.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

2

1

9

8

3

4

5

6

7

1 - Ca np liu. 2 - Van x e. 3 - Tai treo. 4 - Cm bin trng lng (cn).

6 - Ca tho liu. 7 - Thanh treo lng. 8 - ng thu. 9 - Ca sa cha.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd 5 - Thn thit b. 3.3.2. H thng np nguyn liu rn. 3.3.2.1. Phu np liu. Phu np liu c th np c 500 kg nguyn liu rn, y hnh chp, c ca tho liu ng m bng tm hn vo tay y. Phu c ch to bng thp thng. 3.3.2.2. Pa lng in (Cu). a. Cu to. b. Hng dn vn hnh. - Khng nhim v khng c s dng Pa lng in. - Ch cho Pa lng hot ng khi c lnh ca ngi ph trch. - Kim tra ton b Pa lng trc khi vn hnh (dy cp, mc cu vv). Phi m bo an ton. - Nt bm iu khin phi lun sch s, kh ro v m bo an ton v in. - Khi Pa lng lm vic (ang cu) phi c tn hiu cho mi ngi bit. Khng i li gn khu vc Pa lng ang lm vic v khng ng hay i li di vt cu. - Ngi iu khin Pa lng phi ng n sang mt bn, khng c ng di vt cu. Ch khng c kt v ri dy cp ln xung. - Trc khi nng vt cu ln phi chng buc cn thn, chc chn. - Khng cu vt nng qu qui nh i vi tng chng loi Pa lng.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Khng cu vi lch tm qu ln (cho php lch tm 6% so vi phng thng ng, nh hn 5,50), khng vt cu dao ng mnh. - Dy cp (ln, xung) phi thng xuyn cun t nht 3 vng vo tang quay v khng qu 3 lp. - Khng treo l lng vt cu vo mc cu khi Pa lng khng lm vic (khng c ngi vn hnh). - Khi Pa lng khng lm vic phi a v v tr quy nh an ton. 3.4. H thng to chn khng. S h thng (Xem hnh v s dy chuyn). 3.5. H cp kh nn. 3.5.1. S h thng cp kh nn (Xem hnh v s dy chuyn). 3.5.2. My nn kh. a. Qui nh vn hnh: Ch nhng ngi nm vng kin thc chuyn mn v k thut an ton mi c php s dng. b. Trc khi vn hnh: - Kim tra ton b trng thi ca my, bnh cha, cc chi tit lp xit, van, h thit b an ton (van an ton) phi m bo chc chn t cc yu cu k thut. - X van y bnh cha kh n khi ht nc. - Tt c u hon ho khng c g nghi vn, mi c ng in cho

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Tng hp nha Alkyd my hot ng. c. Trong khi vn hnh: - Tin hnh kim tra li ton b tnh trng hot ng ca my, bnh cha v cc thng s k thut ca my (van an ton, r le, in p, dng in, du bi trn) - Ch c vn hnh my p sut khng ln hn p sut lm vic cho php ca my v bnh cha. - Thng xuyn theo di tnh trng hot ng ca my v bnh cha thng qua ch s ca p k. Nu c g nghi vn phi nhanh chng xem xt. - Khi c hin tng khc thng nh: + p sut lm vic tng qu mc cho php. + Cc c cu an ton khng hon ho. + Pht hin bnh cha c vt nt, vt phng, mi hn h (x hi hay chy nc). + p k h hng hay ch th khng chnh xc. + Rle p lc in b hng. Th phi dng my ngay v x ht kh trong bnh cha. - Khng b v tr lm vic hoc lm vic ring trong khi ang vn hnh. d. Khi kt thc vn hnh. - Ct ngun in vo my.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - X ht kh nn cha trong bnh. - V sinh lau chi my sch s. 3.6. Thit b thu hi sn phm nha Alkyd. 3.6.1. Thit b pha long - R102. Thit b c ch to bng vt liu thp khng r, bn trong c ng xon rut g trao i nhit, c b cnh khuy vi ba tng cnh (cnh khuy gia v trn cng c dng mi cho, cnh khuy y c dng m neo) t trn gi . Cc thng s k thut: Dung tch: V = 10 m3 ng knh: D = 1930 mm Chiu cao: H = 2440.

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Cu to thit b pha long R 102.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

1 2 3 4 5 6 13 18

17

16 15

7 8

14

9

10 13 11 12

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1 - ng c in. 2 - Ca tra du bi trn. 3 - Gi ng c. 4 - Ca sa cha. 5 - Thn thit b. 6 - Gi ng gia nhit. 7 - ng gia nhit. 8 - Gi thit b. 9 - ng cp du ti nhit 3.6.2. Bm - Cc lc. a. Bm: PR 101A, PR 101B.

10 - Chn thit b. 11 - Gi trc khuy. 12 - Ca ra sn phm. 13 - Cnh khuy. 14 - Trc khuy. 15 - ng du ti nhit ra. 16 - Ca quan st. 17 - Ca cp liu. 18 - Khp ni trc khuy.

Bm vn chuyn sn phm l loi bm bnh rng. Cc thng s k thut: K hiu bm: LG.5 Cng sut ng c: 5 HP (3,75 KW). Lu lng: Q = 170 (L/ph) p sut P = 2 KG/cm2. b. Cc lc. Gm cc lc th t trc bm v cc lc tinh t sau bm, u c ch to bng thp thng. - Cc lc th. Nguyn l lm vic: Sn phm t thit b phn ng, c bm ht t di ln in y dn cc qua li lc ngoi, i vo bn trong cc lc v vo bm.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd - Cc lc tinh. Nguyn l lm vic: Sn phm c bm y vo bn trong cc lc, qua li lc (dng tr trn), xung y, sau y ti thit b pha long R 102. 3.6.3. Tc cha sn phm. c ch to bng thp thng vi dung tch: V = 30 m3, dng vo vic cha sn phm. 4. Cc thit b t ng. thc hin phn ng tng hp nha Alkyd. Cng ty u t mua sm h thng cc cm iu khin theo di v iu khin qu trnh t ng ho trong sn xut. 4.1. TIC101 v TIC201. y l cm iu khin d liu nhit theo thi gian ca qu trnh. Khi cn thc hin sn xut theo mt n phi liu no . Phi xy dng mt chng trnh c th bao gm: Tng nhit , duy tr nhit , h nhit theo thi gian. Mt chng trnh c chia thnh cc on nh (Segment). Trong cc on nh ny ta ci t. Cc thng s sau: - Nhit t u on hin ti (SP1), nhit u on k tip (SP2), thi gian cn thc hin on : SP, TM. - Nhit cnh bo di v trn cho on hin ti (qu nhit ny ci bo s hot ng): PV, DEV, EV1, EV2. - Tn hiu n bo cho bit vic thc hin on hin ti, v thi

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Tng hp nha Alkyd gian cho vic (Tng nhit, duy tr, h nhit): T1, T2, T3. - La chn nhm PID cho on hin ti v ci t cc d liu ca nhm PID (P, I, D, OL, OH, Re): PID. - Ci t thng s G.SOAK: GS. - La chn vic khi ng t im u ca on hay l khi ng t v tr nhit thc t: P.StA. - Ci t chu k thc hin ca mi on: CYCL. - Ci t lin kt ca chng trnh do cc on khc nhau em ti: P.LIn - Ci t gi tr di chuyn nhit thc t: SHFt. Khi thc hin xong vic ci t cc thng s cho mi on, v mi chng trnh. Ta ci t thng s bo v chng trnh Prtc. chng trnh khng t ng sa cha c s liu ci t trc . 4.2. TIC102 v TIC202. Cc TIC ny lm nhim v theo di nhit ca du nng vo thit b phn ng v iu khin cc van du nng TCV101, TCV102 (TIC102), TCV201, TCV202 (TIC202). Theo biu di y: - Khi trn ng h TIC102, TIC202 c gi tr OUT > 50, chng ta hiu y ang l qu trnh gia nhit. V d: OUT = 75 y l qu trnh gia nhit, dng thng ng ln cnh huyn tam gic, t dng song song theo phng nm ngang v bit c van TCV gia nhit ang m 50%. - Khi trn ng h TIC102, TIC202 c gi tr OUT < 50, chng ta hiu

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Tng hp nha Alkyd y ang l qu trnh lm lnh. V d: OUT = 25 y l qu trnh lm lnh, dng thng ng ln cnh huyn tam gic, t dng song song theo phng nm ngang v bit c van TCV lm lnh ang m 50%. - Khi OUT = 50 tc l c 2 van TCV lm lnh v TCV gia nhit ang v tr ng. - Khi OUT = 0 van TCV gia nhit ang ng, van TCV lm lnh m 100%. - Khi OUT = 100 van TCV lm lnh ang ng, van TCV gia nhit m 100%. TCV Lm lnh TCV Gia nhit

100 %

100 %

50 %

50 %

0 OUT

25

50

75

100 %

4.3. TIC103 v TIC203.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd y l cm iu khin nhit ca nh thp PC101 v PC201. Trn nh ca cc thp PC101 v PC201 ta t u o nhit . TE103 v TE203, khi nhit ca nh thp cao hn nhit yu cu, cc d liu nhit ny c a vo TIC103 v TIC203 x l, sau truyn tn hiu yu cu van TCV103 v TCV 203 m, nc lnh lm mt chy vo cc ng lm mt, h nhit nh thp xung theo yu cu. Khi nhit ti cc nh PC101 v PC201 thp hn nhit yu cu, cc d liu nhit ny c a vo TIC103 v TIC 203 x l, sau truyn tn hiu yu cu van TCV103 v TCV203 ng nc lm mt li. 4.4. LIC101 v LIC201. y l cm iu khin mc Xylen - Nc trong bnh phn ly V102 v V202. t vo bnh phn ly tng ng cc u o mc, ci t trn mn hnh ca LIC101, LIC201, cc thng s mc Xylen - Nc trong bnh (thng thng l Nc chim 55% - 60% cn li l Xylen pha trn). Khi u o mc nhn c tn hiu, mc nc trong bnh cao hn yu cu, lin a vo LIC101 v LIC201 x l, sau truyn tn hiu yu cu van t ng CV y bnh phn ly x nc xung bnh cha nc thi, cho n mc nc thp hn mc yu cu, th van t ng ng li. Ghi ch: Tt c cc qu trnh t ng ho trn, khi c s c ta c th thao tc bng tay. 4.5. H thng cn lng V103 - WIC101. H thng cn lng gm: Thng lng V103 c ng thu v c t u o d liu khi lng tai treo, cn in t WIC101. Khi cn cn mt khi lng c th no ta ci t s lng cn cn, khi lng d

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Tng hp nha Alkyd ca cht lng chy tr trong ng dn khi bm dng hot ng (Pr). Khi t khi lng yu cu, cn in t nhn c d liu, x l, sau truyn tn hiu yu cu van iu khin CV trc lng V103 ng li v bm cht lng dng bm. 4.6. PIC101 v PIC201. y l cm iu khin p sut. Khi p sut trong thit b phn ng tng. u o p sut a d liu v PIC101, PIC201 x l, sau truyn tn hiu yu cu van PCV101, PCV201 m ra gim p. 4.7. B iu chnh tc khuy (Inverter operator). B iu chnh ny c th iu chnh tc khuy theo tn s HZ. Ty thuc vo yu cu tc ca phn ng trong thit b v cc giai on ca phn ng m ta iu chnh tc khuy cho ph hp, thng tc khuy nh nht l 20 vng/pht cao nht l 120 vng/pht. 4.8. H thng cnh bo s c (Buzzer). Tt c cc thit b u c lp h thng cnh bo s c, thng qua h thng n bo trn bng iu khin. Khi s c xy ra ci bo hiu ku v cc n tn hiu nhp nhy. Lc xc nh ngay c s c xy ra ti thit b hoc qu trnh no . 4.9. H thng theo di v gim st. Qu trnh sn xut c gim st bng my ghi nhit RECODER. V my vi tnh. C th theo di qu trnh ang din ra hin ti hoc cc qu trnh sn xut trc . V. Tc dng ca tng cng on trong sn xut, nhng nguy c c

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Tng hp nha Alkyd th xy ra, hng khc phc cc nguy c . Trong sn xut nha Alkyd theo phng php 2 giai on bin tnh du tho mc. * Giai on 1. Thc hin phn ng chuyn ho Ester ca du tho mc v Ru a chc. bit c lng Monoglyxerid to thnh trong qu trnh phn ng, dng Ru (Ethanol, Methanol) ho tan lng ny ti nhit mi trng. Vic kim tra phi tht chnh xc. Nu lng Monoglyxerid khng chnh xc, s nh hng rt nhiu n phn ng ca giai on 2. Nu kt qu ca phng php kim tra trn cn c s nghi ng. C th ly mu th, phi liu cng Anhydride phthalic theo n. Sau un nhanh ln 2400C. Ly mu nh ln tm knh sch thy c dng vin trn sng mu, ng nht (trong) l t yu cu. giai on 1 ny, vic theo di qu trnh hin ti l rt cn thit. Nu nguyn nhn no , m tng nhit qu nhit phn ng, d xy ra s c tro v chy n. nhit thot hi nc trong du tho mc t 1000C - 1300C. Tng nhit vi tn sut cp nhit nh, trnh hin tng si tro. Khi np xc tc, phi np ng nhit yu cu. Nu np ti nhit cao hn, d gy ra phn ng tc th v xut hin hin tng tro. Cn phi ch np xc tc ng n phi liu, thc hin phn ng ng nhit yu cu, kim sot cht ch tc khuy ca khi phn ng. * Giai on 2. Thc hin phn ng Ester ho gia sn phm ca giai on 1 v Anhydride phthalic. - Khi lm lnh khi phn ng ca giai on 1, ti nhit yu cu mi c np Anhydride phthalic. Trnh hin tng va np Anhydride

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Tng hp nha Alkyd phthalic nhit cao, cng lc xy ra phn ng, kim tra cht ch tc khuy, trnh hin tng tro tc th, do lng nc tch ra t phn ng. Sau khi np xong Anhydride phthalic th mi np Xylen hi lu, ng ca np liu mi c tng tc khuy. Phi xc nh chnh xc im nhit phn ng giai on 2 bt u din ra, khi phn ng mi bt u, cn cp nhit vi tn sut b, kim sot c tc phn ng. Phn ng Ester ho xy ra chm. to c sn phm nha Alkyd c trng lng phn t ng u v ch s axt t yu cu, phi theo di rt k cng ch khuy, tn sut tch nc t phn ng, tc hi lu ca Xylen, tn sut cp nhit, nng lc ca thit b lm mt ton phn, lu lng nc vo trong thit b lm mt ton phn. - Trong vic theo di qu trnh thc hin phn ng giai on 2. Phi thng xuyn kim tra ch s Axt v nht ca khi phn ng trnh hin tng keo ho (gel). Khi xut hin hin tng keo ho. Phi tm mi cch h nhit khi phn ng xung, sau np du cao su, nha thng ho tan, nha SK120 ho tan, tng lng nh vo khi phn ng trnh hin tng keo tip din. - Trong khi theo di phn ng giai on 2. Nu thy nht tng nhanh v ch s axt gim chm. Phi thc hin phn ng nhit thp hn. Nu nht tng chm v ch s axt gim nhanh. C th tng nhit v thc hin phn ng nhit cao hn (khng c cao qu 2600C), gim lng Xylen hi lu trong thit b phn ng, bng cch gim mc nc bnh phn ly, tng lng Xylen v bnh phn ly nhm thc hin tt hn phn ng trng hp du tho mc.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

TI LIU THAM KHO1. PGS.PTS. L Th Phi. C s k thut sn xut Sn

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Tng hp nha Alkyd Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni - 1999. 2. J.R.KAPURIA and SBD BOARD Of CONSULTANTS & ENGINEERS. Paint Manufacture. 3. W.T.ELLIOTT Alkyd Resins. 4.K.G. REED Solvents. 5. J.C PATTON Alkyd Resin Technology. 6. ROGER CASTLE, B.Sc, C.STANDEN B.Sc, G.HAYWARD C.CHEM MRSC Resin for Surface Coatings. 7. C.J.A.Taglor, M.Sc, A.R.L.C. S.Marks, M.Sc (Tech). F.R.I.C Paint Technology Manuals.

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Tng hp nha Alkyd

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