28-1 lecture 24 urinary system. 28-2 urinary system anatomy fig. 27.1 external anatomy of kidneys...
TRANSCRIPT
28-1
Lecture 24
Urinary System
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Urinary System Anatomy
Fig. 27.1
External Anatomy of Kidneys•Renal capsule
–surrounds each kidney•Hilum
–renal artery and nerves enter and renal vein and ureter exit kidneys
(a) Anterior view
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
Urinary bladder
StomachPancreasLarge intestine
Abdominal aorta
Renal veinRenal artery
Renal hilum
Spleen
Left kidneyRib
Inferior venacava
Liver
Right kidney
Fibrous capsule
Fat
Anterior
Posterior Fig. 27.2
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Internal Anatomy of Kidneys• Renal cortex: Outer area
– Renal columns• Renal medulla: Inner
area– Renal pyramids
• Calyces– Major: Converge to
form renal pelvis– Minor: Collects urine
from individual renal pyramid
• Nephron: Functional unit of kidney
Fig. 27.3
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The Nephron
Fig. 27.5
• Renal corpuscle– Bowman’s capsule– Glomerulus
• network of capillaries
• Arterioles– Afferent
• blood to glomerulus
– Efferent• drains
• Tubules– Proximal (convoluted) tubule
– Loops of Henle• Descending limb
• Ascending limb
– Distal (convoluted) tubule
• Collecting ducts
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Ureters and Urinary Bladder• Ureters
– tubes through which urine flows from kidneys to urinary bladder
• Urinary bladder– stores urine
• Urethra– transports urine from
bladder to outside of body
– difference in length between males and females
– sphincters
• Internal urinary
• External urinary
Ureter
Peritoneum
Ureteral openings
Neck of urinary bladder
Internal urethral sphincter
External urethral sphincter
Fig. 27.9
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Review QuestionThink back for a moment to the lectures on histology.
What type of epithelium would line the inside of the ureters and urinary bladder?
(a) Stratified squamous(b) Pseudostratified columnar(c) Simple cuboidal(d) Transitional(e) Simple squamous
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Points to RememberPoints to Remember
• Kidney filters blood to eliminate metabolic wastes (e.g. urea formed from ammonia that is removed from blood by liver) and reabsorb substances such as sugars, amino acids, sodium and chloride
• Functional unit of kidney is nephron• Ureters, urinary bladder and urethra transport
urine (product of nephron) outside of body
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Questions?