2761 computer-introduction 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Session - 1
Basics Of Computers
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A Desktop Machine
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A Computer System
Hardware
Software
User
Hardware
Software
User
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A Computer System (Contd.)
In general, a computer is a machine which
accepts data, processes it and returns new
information as output.
Data Information
Processing
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Software
Software is set of programs (which are step bystep instructions) telling the computer how toprocess data.
Software needs to be installed on a computer,usually from a CD.
Softwares can be divided into two groups:
- System SW- Application SW
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Software (Contd.)
System Software
It controls the overall operation of the system.
It is stored in the computer's memory and
instructs the computer to load, store, and
execute an application.
Examples: Operating System (OS), Translators
DOS, Windows, Unix etc.
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Software (Contd..)
Application Software
They are Softwares written to perform specific
tasks.
The basic types of application software are:
word processing, database, spreadsheet,
desktop publishing, and communication.
Examples: MSOffice, Tally, MSOutlook,
ISBS, MODBANKER BANKSOFT
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Advantages of Using Computers
Speed:Computers can carry out instructions in lessthan a millionth of a second.
Accuracy : Computers can do the calculations withouterrors and very accurately.
Diligence :Computers are capable of performing anytask given to them repetitively.
Storage Capacity :Computers can store largevolume of data and information on magnetic media.
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History of Evolution Of Computers
Two Eras:
Mechanical Era (Before 1945)
Electronic Era (1945 - )
Can be divided into generations.
First Generation (1945 1954)
Second Generation (1955 1964)
Third Generation (1965 1974)
Fourth Generation (1975 - )
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Types of Computers
On the basis of Computing Power & Size:
Laptop / Palmtop
Micro Computer / Desktop
Mini Computer / Mainframe Super Computer
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Language of Computers
Computers only understand the electronicsignals.
Either Current is flowing or not.
Current Flowing : ON
Current Not Flowing : OFF
Binary Language
ON : 1
OFF : 0
Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB
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Computer Network
A Computer Network is interconnection ofComputers to share resources.
Resources can be : Information, Load,Devices etc.
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Types Of Computer Networks
On the basis of Size:
Local Area Network (LAN)
Its a network of the computers locally i.e. in
one room, one building.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Its a network of the computers spread widely
geographically.
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Benefits of Computer Networks
Information Sharing
Device Sharing
Load Sharing
Mobility
Fast Communication
Anywhere Anytime Banking
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Internet
Internet is a huge network of computer networks.
Internet provides many services:
Email
World Wide Web (www)
Remote Login (Telnet)
File Transfer (FTP)
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End Of Session #1
ANY Queries ??????
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CPU ( Central Processing Unit)
The central processing unit (CPU), also
known as just a "processor, is the "brain"
of your computer.
It contains various electronic circuits.
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VDU (Monitor)
This is the television-like screen where the results
of a computer's tasks are displayed.
Monitors come in all sizes, but most commonlythey are either 15 or 17 inches
(measured diagonally from one corner of the
screen to the opposite corner).
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Keyboard
The keyboard looks like a typewriter.
It contains all the letters of the alphabet,
numbers and some special symbols.
It operates like a typewriter keypad, butinstead of moving an arm, which strikes the
paper, it sends an electronic impulse to thecomputer, which displays a character on themonitor.
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Its a device that is used to control the computer.
A cable connects the mouse to the computer.
When the mouse is moved on a pad, called amouse pad, the cursor on the screen moves.
A cursor is a small symbol displayed on the
computer screen (normally a diagonal arrow thatis used as a pointer) that shows you what the
mouse is referencing on the screen.
Mouse
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Printer
A printer is designed to output information
from a computer onto a piece of paper.
There are three kinds of printers:
dot matrix, laser, and inkjet.
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Scanner
A scanner is a device used to copy an image off
paper and convert it into a digital image, which
can be saved as a computer file and stored on a
hard drive.
Scanners can also use a special kind of
technology called Optical Character Recognition
(OCR) to read text from paper and save it as an
editable document file
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Session # 2
Inside The CPU Cabinet
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A Look Inside.
Floppy
CD
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power
supply
hard
drive
motherboard
A Look Inside ..
CD-ROM
drive
floppydrive
cards
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A Look Inside
Identify all the major components:
Power Supply
Motherboard
Memory Card Slots
Cards (sound, video, network)
CPU, heatsink and fan Drives (floppy, hard and CD-ROM)
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What these components do.
Power Supply (heart) supplies power to all the circuitryand devices.
Motherboard (body) acts as a manager for everything
on the computer connects all the other componentstogether.
CPU Central Processing Unit (brain) this does all the
work of computing.
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What these components do..
RAM Random Access Memory (short-termmemory) holds data and program instructionsthat the computer is currently using.
Hard Drive (long-term memory) holds all of theinformation that needs to be stored betweenuses of the computer.
Floppy and CD-ROM drives (mouth/ears) allowyou to give data to the computer and take dataaway from the computer.
h h d
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What these components do
Card Slots(fingers) Allows other components to
be added to the computer.
Video card (face) Does all of the processing
necessary to get stuff looking nice on screen,
quickly.
Sound card (vocal cords) Allows sounds from
HD or CD-ROM to be played.
Network Card (telephone) allows computer to
talk to other computers over a wire.
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Power Supply
SMPS Switch Mode Power SupplySwitching Transistors
Outputs + 5V, -5V, +12 V, -12 V
Typical Costs are:
ATX Rs.700
Non ATX Rs.300
Usually, SMPS comes with the CPU Cabinet.
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Motherboard
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CPU
Examples: Intel Family Pentium 4, 3, 2, Pentium,
XEON, ItaniumAMD -- Athlon, K62
IBM -- Cyrix
Motorola -- 68000 Series
CU
ALU
MemoryRegisters
A Single Chip
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RAM
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Hard Drive
We wont remove this.
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Floppy Drive
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CD-ROM Drive
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Ribbon Cables
polarized
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Video Card
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Sound Card
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Back ofComputer
Remove these screws
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End of Session # 2
Queries???
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CPU
The central processing unit or (CPU) is the "brain"of your computer. It contains the electronic circuitsthat cause the computer to follow instructionsfrom memory.
The CPU contains three main parts, all housed
in a single package (Chip):
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Memory
BACK
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Some DOS Commands (Contd.)
edit: Edits a file.
C:\> edit
This will open a editor window where the contents of file can be seen. Thesecontents could also be edited here and on saving, the contents of file willchange.
type: Displays the content of a file.
C:\> type
This will display the contents of file on the computer. The contents of file could
only be viewed but could not be changed, as in the case of edit.
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End of Session #4
Queries???
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QUIZ
1. Name any four devices of a Computer.
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Light Pen.
2. What is the job of CPU?
Central Processing Unit controls and coordinates
all the activities of the computer.
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QUIZ
3. What is the unit of measuring the speed of the
processor?
Mega Hertz or Kilo Hertz ( No. of CPU
Cycles/second)
4. What is a computer network?
It is interconnection of computers to make aLAN,MAN or WAN.
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QUIZ
5. Name any three storage devices.
Hard Disk, Magnetic Tape, Compact Disk.
6. What is command to create directory?
C:\>MD
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QUIZ
7. What is Internet?
It is the network of networks.
8. What are different types of printers?
Dot Matrix Printer, Inkjet
Laser
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QUIZ
9.What is the use of Scanner?
It is used to copy the real image on
paper to be stored as digital image in
the computer.
10. Why Operating system is required?
It is required to provide the interfacebetween the user and the computer.
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THANK YOU