27545807 enzyme thuc pham amylase

8/2/2019 27545807 Enzyme Thuc Pham Amylase

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I HC M THNH PH H CH MINHKHOA CNG NGH SINH HC

BI BO CO MN HC: CNSX Cc Ch Phm VS v SH

TI: ENZYME THC PHM (AMYLASE )

GIO VIN HNG DN : Thy Phm Minh Tun

Sinh vin : Phm Nguyn Thanh Bnh 30660073Nguyn Th Qunh Thy 30660246Nguyn Ngc n 30660068Li Th Minh L 30660150Phm Th Nh Ngc 30600024


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Contents

I. Gii thiu: ..................................................................................................................................... 4

II. C s chn ti: ........................................................................................................................4

a. Phng php ny c u im: .................................................................................................5

b. Nhc im: ...........................................................................................................................5

III. Tng quan: ................................................................................................................................. 5

C 6 loi enzyme c xp vo 2 nhm: ...................................................................................5

IV. Nm mc Aspergillus oryzae: ................................................................................................... 5

V. Quy trnh cng ngh: ...................................................................................................................6

1. Bo qun ging:.......................................................................................................................6

b. Nguyn liu:.............................................................................................................................6c. Quy trnh:.................................................................................................................................7

d. Thuyt minh quy trnh:............................................................................................................9

e. My mc, thit b, ho cht:...................................................................................................10

VI. ng dng ................................................................................................................................10

1. ng dng amylase trong sn xut bia....................................................................................10

3. ng dng amylase trong ch bin thc phm gia sc...........................................................11

4. ng dng enzym amylase trong cng nghip dt

....................................................................................................................................................12VII. CC NH HNG CA SN XUT N MI TRNG V X HI: .....................15

1. nh hng mi trng:.........................................................................................................15

b. nh hng x hi:.................................................................................................................16

i. Tch cc:.............................................................................................................................16

ii. Tiu cc:............................................................................................................................16

VIII. Kt lun .................................................................................................................................17

Tm li, c th ni rng, vic nghin cu ng dng cc ch phm enzyme ngy cng cch trng cc lnh vc khc nhau. Trong 20 nm cui th k XX v cc nm u ca th

k XXI cc enzyme khc nhau c ng dng. Vit Nam bc u c nhiu nghincu ng dng cc enzyme trong ch bin nng sn, thc phm, nht l trong lnh vc snxut bia, ru, ch bin tinh bt (Vin cng nghip thc phm, Vin cng ngh sinh hc cng ngh thc phm, i hc Bch khoa H Ni). Vic nghin cu cc enzyme phc vnng nghip, cng nghip cng c quan tm v c cc kt qu ng khch l. V d, chphm enzyme mi ra i phc v nng nghip E2001 c tc dng tng ph nhiu t,tng nng sut cy trng. c cc nghin cu ng dng protease trong sn xut ru bia,rt ngn thi k ln men cng nh sn xut nc mm ngn ngy bng cng ngh enzyme


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protease.

Ti liu tham kho:1. Nguyn c Lng v mt s tc gi, Cng ngh enzym, NXB i hc quc gia

Tp.HCM, 20042. Nguyn c Lng, Vi sinh vt cng nghip ( Cng ngh vi sinh Tp 2 NXB i hcquc gia Tp.HCM, 20063. www.bio-link.org/sharing_day/fungalamylase.pdf...........................................................17

I. Gii thiu:Enzyme l cht xc tc sinh hc c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc ca i

sng, c bit trong cng nghip thc phm n ng mt vai tr quan trng trongquy trnh ch bin. Mt s quy trnh nu thiu enzyme th khng th tip tc c. Vit Nam, cng ngh enzyme cha pht trin. cc nghin cu c cp n huht cc loi enzyme ca ng vt, thc vt v VSV, nhng cha c enzyme noc sn xut theo quy m cng nghip. Nc ta vn hon ton ph thuc vongun enzyme t nc ngoi, cc loi enzyme ang s dng nhiu trong nc l

cc enzyme ca hng NOVO an Mch. V vy, vic hiu bit, nghin cu, phttrin sn xut enzyme trong nc l vic rt cn thit v l 1 ngnh cng nghipy tim nng.

Amylase l 1 trong nhng enzyme c ng dng rng ri nht trong cngnghip thc phm, hin nay n c sn xut ch yu t vi sinh vt do c nhiu uim: tc sinh sn ca VSV rt mnh, enzyme thu nhn t VSV c hot tnh rtcao, VSV l gii sinh vt rt thch hp cho sn xut theo quy m cng nghip vngun nguyn liu dng sn xut enzyme theo quy m cng nghip r tin v dkim.

II. C s chn ti:Chng VSV ngh s dng y l Aspegillus oryzae v cc c im sau:y l 1 loi nm mc rt d pht trin trn c cht c tinh bt.

Nguyn liu dng cho qu trnh nui mc n gin, d kim ph hp vi iu kinca nc ta.Phng php nui mc c s dng y l nui cy trn mi trng c.


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Aspergyllus oryzae thng di 1-2 mm nn c th nhn thy bng mt thng. Phau cung nh bo t phng ln gi l bng. T bng ny phn chia thnh nhngt bo nh, thun, di, gi l nhng t bo hnh chai. u cc t bo hnh chai phnchia thnh nhng bo t nh vo nhau, nn gi l nh bo t. nh bo t caAsp.oryzae c mu vng lc hay mu vng hoa cau

c imca gingAspergyllus oryzae l giu cc enzyme thy phn ni bo v ngoi bo( amylase, protease, pectinasa, ), ta rt hay gp chng cc kho nguyn liu,trong cc thng cha ng bt, go ht nhng khng c ra sch, cn b

bia, b ru, li ng, b sn Chng mc v pht trin c khi thnh lp mc,c mu sc en ,vng Mu do cc bo t gi c mu sc. Cc bo t ny, d bgi cun bay xa v ri vo u khi gp iu kin thun li s mc thnh mc mi.

V. Quy trnh cng ngh:Chng mc gingchngAspergyllus oryzae m s VTCC-F-048 mua ca Bo tng ging chun visinh vt thuc Vin Vi sinh vt v Cng ngh sinh hca ch: Nh E2 - 144 ng Xun Thu, Cu Giy, H Niin thoi: (04) 7547407; Fax: (04) 7547407Website: http://www.biotechvnu.edu.vn

1. Bo qun ging:

Cho ct vo ng nghim, tit trng trong autoclave 130o

C trong 30 pht.Trn bo t vo ct.Sy chn khng < 40oC ( m 5%).Dng parafin rn un chy v ln nt bng.Thi gian bo qun: 1 nm hoc hn.

b. Nguyn liu:-Cm go: cha khong 20% tinh bt, 1015% cht bo, 10-14% protein, 8-

16% cellulose, cc cht ho tan khng cha nit 37-59%.Yu cu i vi quy trnh l khng c cha tinh bt di 20-30%. S dng cm

tt, cm mi khng c v chua hay ng, khng hi mi mc. m ca cmkhng qu 15%, tp cht c khng qu 0,05%.Cc ph phm thm vo tng thong kh cho mi trng nui cy: tru, mtca


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c. Quy trnh:


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X l

Thanh trng

Phi trn

Nui cy

Thu nhn ch phmenzyme th

Nghin mn

Nguyn liu

Lc

Sy

Kt ta enzyme

Trch ly

Thnhphm

GingVSV

Lm ngui

Sy

Sc k

Bao gi


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d. Thuyt minh quy trnh:-X l nguyn liu: cm go, tru v mt ca c x l loi b cc tp cht

khng mong mun. Tru cho vo vi t l 20-25% so vi khi lng cm go.-Thanh trng: nguyn liu phi c hp thanh trng loi b cc yu t

ngoi nhim nh cc vi khun, nm mc, bo t khc. Nhit thanh trng l 95oCtrong 60 pht. ng thi phi thanh trng khay ln men.

-Ri nguyn liu ln khay c kch thc 2x3 m, dy 2-3 cm, dng 3kg mitrng/khay.

-Sau khi lm ngui, tin hnh cy mc ging vi nng 5-10% so vi khilng ca mi trng mi khay.

-a khay ln cc gi , gi c khong cch thch hp c thong khcho nm pht trin. Gi cha 10 khay mi trng, khong cch gia cc khay l20cm. Phng nui cy c th cha 70 gi.

-Nhit phng nui cy c gi 25-30oC, m 60-65%, ng thi phi

thong kh.-n khong 30-32 gi sau khi cy ging, ta thu nhn enzyme th. Cn thu

nhn enzyme th vo thi im trc khi nm sinh bo t v khi nm sinh bo t llc qu trnh tng hp enzyme yu i. Do cn mt bc nui cy th nghim xc nh thi im thu nhn enzyme th.

-Ch phm enzyme th cha t bo nm, c cht, nc v enzyme, v vy cnphi loi b nhng tp cht ny thu c enzyme bng cc bc tip theo.

- gi hot tnh ca enzyme, sy ch phm th ny nhit 30-40oC, msau sy l 10%.

-Nghin mn: ch phm enzyme th c nghin vi ct v bt thch anh. Ctv bt thch anh c ra sch, sy kh trc.

-Trch ly: sau khi nghin, dng nc trch ly. Cc loi enzyme thy phn ckh nng tan trong nc nn ta dng nc nh mt dung mi ha tan. C mt

phn ch phm enzym th, cho 4-5 phn nc, khuy nh v sau lc ly dch.-Lc: dch sau trch ly lc bng lc tip tuyn.-Kt ta enzyme: kt ta c thc hin bng ethanol phi lm lnh c dung

dch enzym th v c nhng tc nhn kt ta trnh lm mt hot tnh enzym.Khi cht lm kt ta enzym vo dung dch enzym th phi ht sc t t trnhhin tng bin tnh. Nhit t 3-10oC v dng 2 th tch ethanol cho 1 th tch

enzyme.Enzyme thu c l 1 hn hp nhiu enzyme khc nhau nh: amylase,

proteinase, cellulase Do , phi tin hnh sc k lc gel thu c enzymeamylase. Gel s dng l Sephadex G200.Sy: sn phm sau sc k c sy nhit 30-40oC bo m hot tnh choenzyme, m sn phm l 5%.


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e. My mc, thit b, ho cht:My thanh trng.My nghin.My lc tip tuyn.My sy phun.Ct sc k.Khay thp khng r, dng c khuy trn

Nc, ethanol, gel Sephadex G200.

VI. ng dngHin nay, vic sn xut ch phm enzyme cc loi v ang pht trin mnh mtrn qui m cng nghip. Thc t c hng nghn ch phm enzyme bn trn thtrng th gii, cc ch phm ny c khai thc v tinh ch c mc tinhkhit theo tiu chun cng nghip v ng dng. Ch phm enzyme khng ch cng dng trong y hc m cn c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc cng nghipkhc nhau, trong nng nghip, trong ha hc " ngha ca vic s dng enzymetrong cc lnh vc thc t khng km so vi ngha ca vic s dng nng lngnguyn t".Theo thi gian, enzym cng nghip ngy cng c ng dng vo nhiu lnh vckhc nhau, trong nhng enzym ng dng nhiu nht l protease, cellulose,ligase, amylase, v mt s enzym c bit khc thu c rt nhiu li nhunt ngnh ny. Di y l mt vi ng dng thc t:

1. ng dng amylase trong sn xut bia

Trong cng ngh sn xut bia truyn thng, cc nc phng Ty ch yu s dngenzym amylase ca malt thy phn tinh bt trong malt, sau n giai onru ha bi nm men Saccharomyces sp. C s khoa hc ca vic s dngamylase ca malt ch, khi i mch chuyn t trng thi ht sang trng thi nymm (malt), enzym amylase s c tng hp v khi enzym ny s thy phntinh bt c trong ht to ra nng lng v vt cht cho s to thnh mm. Nh vyvic ng ha tinh bt trong ht nh enzym ca chnh n. Khi ht ch tng hp

ra lng enzym amylase va phn hy lng tinh bt c trong ht. Nh thcn rt nhiu mm i mch sn xut bia qui m ln, dn n chi ph cao chosn xut v sn phm. khc phc iu ny, trong qu trnh ln men to bia thnh sn xut khng s dng hon tan 100% nguyn liu l malt i mch m cs pha trn theo mt cng thc no thay th malt v cn b sung ngun tinh

bt cho qu trnh ln men. L do l mt phn to hng v cho bia, mu sc, cn ph hp cho ngi tiu dng v mt phn l lm gim gi thnh cho sn phm


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bia nhng vn gi c c trng cho bia. Chnh v iu ny, cc nh sn xut biaquan tm n vic s dng ch phm enzym amylase cung cp cho qu trnh thy

phn tinh bt .Enzym ny c ngha rt ln trong vic lm bia, gip sn xut bia qui m cng nghip.

Ngoi ra, trong sn xut bia, ngi ta cn s dng ch phm enzym cellulose ctc dng ph v thnh t bo, to iu kin cc thnh phn c trong t bo htthat ra pha ngoi nh cht lng bia c nng cao hn. Mt loi enzym khccng c s dng kh rng ri l gluco amylase, enzym ny c s dng loi tr O2 c trong bia, gip qu trnh bo qun bia ko di hn rt nhiu.

2. ng dng amylase trong sn xut cn

sn xut cn t ngun nguyn liu tinh bt, mi nc s dng cc loi nguynliu khc nhau.V d, M ngi ta s dng nguyn liu t bt ng sn xut

cn, cn Brazin li s dng khoai m, cc nc khc s dng go hoc tm tgo. Qa trnh sn xut cn tri qua hai giai an: giai an ng ha v giaian ru ha.Giai an ng ha, ngi ta bt buc phi s dng enzym amylase ( khng ths dng phng php thy phn tinh bt bng acid ). Ngi Nht bit s dngenzym ca nm mc trong qu trnh ng ha sn xut ru Sake t cch yhn 1700 nm. Ngi Trung Quc th s dng nhiu loi nm mc ngha ru trong sn xut ru cch y 4000 nm. Cn ngi Vit Nam bit snxut ru t go cch y hng ngn nm.Ring M, mi n th k XIX khi Takamine ngi Nht a nm mcAspergillus sang mi bit s dng enzym ny thay amylase ca malt sn xutcn. Chnh v th mi c phng php Micomalt ( mm mc) trong sn xut cnv ru. Nh s du nhp k thut ny t Nht m ngi M tit kim c mtkhi lng malt khng l trong sn xut ru.Giai an ru ha, nh nm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cng c th xem yl mt qu trnh p dng enzym. Qa trnh ru ha l qu trnh ht sc phc tp,tri qua rt nhiu giai on chuyn ha t ng thnh cn nh s tham gia canhiu enzym khc nhau. im khc vi enzym amylase l ch cc enzym thamgia qu trnh ru ha nm trong t bo nm men. Vic iu khin cc qu trnh

chuyn ha bi enzym trong t bo thc cht l qu trnh trao i cht ca nmmen trong mi trng cha ng.

3. ng dng amylase trong ch bin thc phm gia sc

Trong ch bin thc n gia sc, thnh phn ng cc chim mt khi lng rt ln.Trong khi lng ny, thnh phn tinh bt rt cao. tng hiu sut s dng nng


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lng t ngun tinh bt, ngi ta thng cho thm enzym amylase vo. Enzymamylase s tham gia phn gii tinh bt to thnh ng, gip cho qu trnh chuynha tinh bt tt hn.

4. ng dng enzym amylase trong cng nghip dt

Trong cng nghip dt, ngi ta thng s dng enzym amylase ca vi khun ty tinh bt v lm cho vi mm.Trong vi th thng cha khang 5% tinh bt vcc tp cht khc. Do , khi s dng ch phm enzym amylase ca vi khun vis tt hn. Ngi ta thng s dng lng ch phm amylase khang 0,3-0,6 g/ldung dch v thi gian x l 5-15 pht nhit 90oC.Tuy nhin ngoi ch phm enzym amylase c ngun gc t vi khun, hin nay

ngi ta quan tm n vic s dng amylase t nm si.Cho n nay c rtnhiu nc s dng enzym trong cng nghip dt tng kh nng cnh tranhcc hng vi, si. Cc nc s dng lng enzym amylase nhiu nht trong lnhvc ny l M, Nht, Php, an Mch.

Ngoi ra, enzyme amylase cng c nghin cu ng dng rng ri trong sn xutng bt, sn xut dextrin, maltodextrin, nha glucose, siro, glucose fructose,sn xut tng v nc chm quy m cng nghip.VII. Bng bo co ti chnh

Vn iu l:3 t

Vn lu ng: 2 t

1. Gi chngAspergyllus oryzae mua Bo tng ging chun vi sinh vt thucVin Vi sinh vt v Cng ngh sinh hc( ngun gc chng: Lin Bang Nga):2,5tr ng/strain( sau ta dng phng php bo qun ging nhm giging trong 1 nm)

2. Gi cm go ( loi 1) mua An Giang ngay sau khi thu hoch: gi3.000.000 ng/ tn => 1 ngy s dng khong 2 tn= 6.000.000 ng

3. Gi vn chuyn ( tnh ton theo ngy):


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Ngun: HanoitransChn loi xe Huyndai Mitsumi 2,5tn thu trong 1 nm, gi 1.300.000/ xe/ ngy( vn chuyn cm go)

4. Gi cc ph phm thm vo: 1.000.000 ng/ tn, 1 ngy dng 0,5tn=500.000 ng/ ngy

5. Gi thit b, gm (n v: VN):

Thit b thanh trng( cng ty Phan Hng Long):150.000.000/

my

Thit bnghin( cng ty PhanHng Long):120.000.000/ my

My lc tip tuyn( cng ty TNHHTBKH Vit Anh):200.000.000/ my

My sy phun( cng ty o L): 140.000.000/ my.


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Ct sc k: 90.000/ct=> 100ng/ ct=> mua 1.000 ct :90.000.000.

Thit b khc: 15.000.000.

Tng gi thit b: 1.510.000.000.

Thit b c th c chit khu trong vng 10 nm

6. Tin mua gel: 1kg gel gi 2.000.000, 1 ngy sn xut dng 10kg =>20.000.000

7. Tin nh xng ( thu Bnh Chnh TPHCM), gi 15.000.000/ thng

8. Tin in: 1 ngy s dng 160.000.

9. Tin nc: 150.000

10.Nhn cng:

Lng cng nhn: 1.500.000/ thng, 10 ngi

Lng k s: 3.000.000/ thng, 5 ngi

11.Chin lc marketing:

S dng cc nhn vin kinh doanh i tip th sn phm n cc c ssn xut bia, ru, cn, dt,

Lng nhn vin 3.000.000/ thng ( c hu hng), 4 ngi

Ngoi ra c cc hnh thc chit khu hp l cho cc cng ty hp ngdi hn, khong 5%/ nm.

12.Tnh ton gi thnh v thu hi vn:

Enzyme s dng thng ch cn 1 lng nh, do ta s sn xut vilng t, khong 0,1 tn/ ngy.

Bao b ( loi nh) gi in opset 5.000.000/20.000 t. 1 t dng ccho 2 bao.


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Emnzyme c sy kh b vo bao vi lng 10g/bao => 1 ngy snxut 10.000 bao = 5.000 t=> 20.000 t dng trong vng 4 ngy.

Vy, tnh trung bnh gi gc ca 1 gi 10g s l 3.286 ng. Sau thu ( 5%) gi 1 gi l 3.450 ng

Sau li ( 5%) gi 1 gi l 3.623ng

Vy, tin li 1 gi s l: 337ngNu 1 ngy bn c 8.000 gi th s li c 2.694.374 ngTrong 1 nm li c: 983.446.354 ng

(Lng hng tn kho trong 1 nm l: 560.000gi, tng ng:1.840.060.000 ng.

Lng hng tn s c bn vi gi gc nhm thu li vn. v vy,xem nh khng tnh li.)

Sau khi tr thu (5%), thc li l: 934.274.036 ng.Thi gian thu hi vn : 2 nm 2 thng.

VII. CC NH HNG CA SN XUT N MI TRNGV X HI:

1. nh hng mi trng:- Ngun nc thi gy nh hng n mi trng nc chung quanh ni sn

xut: mi, nhit , pH v cc yu t khc trong nc thi lm ri lonn h VSV trong nc ti vng . Cc ch tin BOD, COD, coliform s cs thay i.

- Ngun c cht sau khi c VSV s dng xong, tr thnh cht thi rn ckh nng tr thnh mi trng cho cc VSV c hi pht trin, v mi hngkh chu s gy nh hng khng tt n sc khe v mi trng sng cangi dn xung quanh.

- V sn xut theo quy m cng nghip nn vic thi cc loi kh thi l iukhng trnh khi. Cc loi kh thi ny c th gy nh hng n bu khngkh sng, gp phn lm bin i kh hu v thi tit


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b. nh hng x hi:

i. Tch cc:- To cng n vic lm cho mt lng cng nhn cng nh cc k s ng k.- To thun li trong sn xut (cc ngnh sn xut cn sn phm ca d n

nhm rt ngn thi gian sn xut, tng nng sut) gip tng doanh thu.ii. Tiu cc:

- C th to nn dch bnh trong vng sn xut nu dng ngun ging VSV ckh nng gy bnh v thot c ra khi khu vc nui cy.

- Khi mi trng b nh hng xu, c bit l ngun nc b nhim s gynh hng sc khe cng ng v cng tc sn xut ca cc ngnh khctrong vng cng nh chnh bn thn cng ty sn xut.

ngun nc b nhim


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VIII. Kt lun

Tm li, c th ni rng, vic nghin cu ng dng cc ch phm enzyme ngycng c ch trng cc lnh vc khc nhau. Trong 20 nm cui th k XX vcc nm u ca th k XXI cc enzyme khc nhau c ng dng. Vit

Nam bc u c nhiu nghin cu ng dng cc enzyme trong ch bin nngsn, thc phm, nht l trong lnh vc sn xut bia, ru, ch bin tinh bt (Vincng nghip thc phm, Vin cng ngh sinh hc cng ngh thc phm, i hcBch khoa H Ni). Vic nghin cu cc enzyme phc v nng nghip, cngnghip cng c quan tm v c cc kt qu ng khch l. V d, ch phmenzyme mi ra i phc v nng nghip E2001 c tc dng tng ph nhiu t,tng nng sut cy trng. c cc nghin cu ng dng protease trong sn xutru bia, rt ngn thi k ln men cng nh sn xut nc mm ngn ngy bngcng ngh enzyme protease.

Ti liu tham kho:1. Nguyn c Lng v mt s tc gi, Cng ngh enzym, NXB i hc qucgia Tp.HCM, 20042. Nguyn c Lng, Vi sinh vt cng nghip ( Cng ngh vi sinh Tp 2NXB i hc quc gia Tp.HCM, 20063. www.bio-link.org/sharing_day/fungalamylase.pdf4.giaoan.violet.vn/present/same/entry_id/1230416
http://www.bio-link.org/sharing_day/fungalamylase.pdfhttp://www.bio-link.org/sharing_day/fungalamylase.pdf

27545807 enzyme thuc pham amylase

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