Osijek, 26. Svibnja 2017.

May 26, 2017.

Osijek, Croatia

OTO 2018

27. Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup „Organizacija i tehnologija

održavanja“

27th

International Scientific and Professional Conference

''Organization and Maintenance Technology''

Osijek, 13. travnja 2018.

Osijek, 13th

April 2018

ZBORNIK

RADOVA

CONFERENCE

PROCEEDINGS

Informacije o skupu/ Information about the conference

OTO 2018 I

Fakultet elektrotehnike, računarstva i informacijskih tehnologija Osijek (FERIT) Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek

27. Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup „Organizacija i tehnologija održavanja“ - OTO 2018. - Zbornik radova

27th International Scientific and Professional Conference ''Organization and Maintenance Technology'' - OTO 2018 - Conference Proceedings Zbornik radova sadrži radove koji su prošli dvostruku neovisnu recenziju. Organizator skupa nije ulazio u sadržaj radova i način izražavanja te oni predstavljaju odraz razmišljanja autora. Službeni su jezici skupa hrvatski i engleski. Each paper in the conference proceedings was reviewed by two independent reviewers. The content of the conference proceedings does not reflect the official opinion of the conference organizers. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the papers lies entirely with the respective author(s). The official languages of the conference are Croatian and English.

Informacije o skupu/ Information about the conference

II OTO 2018

Naziv/Title:

27. Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup „Organizacija i tehnologija održavanja“ - OTO 2018. - Zbornik radova

27th International Scientific and Professional Conference ''Organization and Maintenance Technology'' - OTO 2018 - Conference Proceedings

Mjesto održavanja skupa/Venue:

Fakultet elektrotehnike, računarstva i informacijskih tehnologija Osijek (FERIT), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Adresa/Address: Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia Tel.: +385 (0) 31 224-600, Fax: +385 (0) 31 224-605, E-mail: ferit@ferit.hr

Datum održavanja skupa/Conference date:

13. travnja 2018./13th April 2018

Organizator skupa/Organizer:

Fakultet elektrotehnike, računarstva i informacijskih tehnologija Osijek (FERIT)/

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek

Izdavač/Publisher:

Fakultet elektrotehnike, računarstva i informacijskih tehnologija Osijek (FERIT)/

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek

Urednici/Editors:

Doc.dr.sc. Hrvoje Glavaš - glavni urednik/chief editor Izv.prof.dr.sc. Tomislav Barić - izvršni urednik/executive editor Doc.dr.sc. Emmanuel Karlo Nyarko - tehnički urednik/technical editor Doc.dr.sc. Marinko Barukčić Doc.dr.sc. Tomislav Keser Izv.prof.dr.sc. Mirko Karakašić

Lektorica/Proofreader: Dr. sc. Dragana Božić Lenard

Naklada/Issue: 100

Tisak/Printed by: Biroprint d.o.o - Osijek

UDK klasifikacija/UDK classification: Ljiljana Vučković Vizentaner, prof. dipl. knjižničar

ISBN: 978-953-6032-97-6

CIP zapis dostupan je u računalnom katalogu Gradske i sveučilišne knjižnice Osijek pod brojem 140908093.

Informacije o skupu/ Information about the conference

OTO 2018 III

MEĐUNARODNI ZNANSTVENI ODBOR/INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: Popis prema abecednom redu imena/List in an alphabetical order Prof.dr.sc. Andrej Štrukelj (Slovenia) Akademik prof.dr.sc. Božo Udovičić (Croatia) Prof.dr.sc. Drago Žagar (Croatia) Izv.prof.dr.sc. Dražen Slišković (Croatia) Izv. prof.dr.sc. Eleonora Desnica (Serbia) Prof.dr.sc. Goran Martinović (Croatia) Prof.dr.sc. György Elmer (Hungary) Prof.dr.sc. Isak Karabegović (BiH) Izv.prof.dr.sc. Kruno Miličević (Croatia) Prof.dr.sc. Lajos Jozsa (Hungary) Prof.dr.sc. Mirsad Raščić (BiH) Prof.emer.dr.sc. Safet Brdarević (BiH) Izv.prof.dr.sc. Sebastijan Seme (Slovenia) Prof.dr.sc. Snježana Rimac-Drlje (Croatia) Prof.dr.sc. Tihomil Rausnitz (Germany) Prof.dr.sc. Vlado Majstorović (BiH) Akademik prof.emer.dr.sc. Zijad Haznadar (Croatia)

ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR/ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: Prof.dr.sc. Tomislav Mrčela - predsjednik/president Doc. dr.sc. Hrvoje Glavaš - zamjenik predsjednika/vice president Igor Sušenka, dipl.ing.el. - tajnik/secretary Ana šokčević, prof. Doc.dr.sc. Damir Blažević Mr.sc. Držislav Vidaković Izv.prof.dr.sc. Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko Prof.dr.sc. Zlatko Lacković UREDNIŠTVO/EDITORIAL BOARD: Doc.dr.sc. Hrvoje Glavaš - glavni urednik/chief editor Izv.prof.dr.sc. Tomislav Barić - izvršni urednik/executive editor Doc.dr.sc. Emmanuel Karlo Nyarko - tehnički urednik/technical editor Doc.dr.sc. Marinko Barukčić Doc.dr.sc. Tomislav Keser Izv.prof.dr.sc. Mirko Karakašić RECENZETSKI ODBOR/REVIEW BOARD:

Doc.dr.sc. Goran Knežević Izv.prof.dr.sc. Irena Galić Izv.prof.dr.sc. Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko Prof.dr.sc. Marinko Stojkov Doc.dr.sc. Zlatko Tonković

Predgovor dekana FERIT-a

IV OTO 2018

Predgovor dekana FERIT-a

Međunarodni znanstveno stručni skup OTO predstavlja priliku za neposrednu razmjenu iskustava stručnjaka iz različitih područja s ciljem istraživanja i analiziranja primjene novih metoda i postupaka održavanja. Temeljni je cilj organizacije ovoga skupa trajno podizanje razine znanja o održavanju. Kroz znanstvene i stručne radove podiže se razina stručnih znanja, promovira cjeloživotno obrazovanje i podupire struka. Kroz publicirana istraživanja možemo kontinuirano pratiti trendove razvoja tehnike i tehnologije u svim sferama gospodarstva, infrastrukture i javnih službi.

Od prvog kolokvija održanog 20. travnja 1990. na Elektrotehničkom fakultetu Osijek do sada je održano 26 znanstveno-stručnih skupova. Do 2016. godine, skupove je organiziralo Društvo održavatelja Osijek (utemeljeno 1983.) u suradnji s Fakultetom

elektrotehnike, računarstva i informacijskih tehnologija Osijek, Građevinskim fakultetom Osijek, Poljoprivrednim fakultetom u Osijeku te Veleučilištem u Požegi. Pored znanstvenika sa Sveučilišta, u organizaciju i rad skupa aktivno su uključeni i proizvođači industrijske opreme i reprodukcijskoga materijala, pri čemu neposredna komunikacija između znanstvenika i održavatelja iz poduzeća podiže razinu stručnosti te uvodi primjenu novih metoda i postupaka održavanja u svakodnevnu praksu.

Dvadeset i sedmi međunarodni znanstveno stručni skup „Organizacija i tehnologija održavanja OTO2018“ održava se 13. travnja 2018. u organizaciji Fakulteta elektrotehnike, računarstva i informacijskih tehnologija Osijek. I ove godine za uspješnu organizaciju skupa pobrinule su se sastavnice Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, pri čemu su se posebno aktivno uključili predstavnici Građevinskog fakulteta Osijek i Strojarskog fakulteta u Slavonskom Brodu.

Kako bismo dodatno promovirali objavljivanje radova u ovome području, autori najkvalitetnijih odabranih radova bit će pozvani da objave rezultate svojih istraživanja u proširenom obliku na engleskome jeziku u sljedećim indeksiranim časopisima: Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek e-GFOS (http://e-gfos.gfos.hr), Journal of Energy (http://journalofenergy.com/) i International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems (www.ferit.unios.hr/ijeces/).

Zbornik radova sadrži ukupno 28 radova, od kojih su, na temelju neovisnih recenzija, tri rada svrstana u kategoriju originalnih znanstvenih radoca, dva rada u prethodno priopćenje, dva rada u pregledni rad i dvadeset i jedan rad u stručni rad. Područje elektrotehnike zastupljeno je s 15 radova, građevinarstva sa 7 radova i strojarstva sa 6 radova. Uspješno izdavanje ovog zbornika i međunarodni karakter skupa ne bi bio moguć bez doprinosa autora iz četiriju država i brojnih recenzenata kojima se ovom prilikom zahvaljujemo.

Ispred Organizacijskog odbora

prof. dr. sc. Drago Žagar, dekan FERIT-a

Dean of the Faculty (Foreword)

OTO 2018 V

Dean of the Faculty (Foreword)

The international scientific conference, OTO, represents an opportunity for the direct exchange of experience of experts from different fields with the aim of exploring and analyzing the application of new methods and procedures in maintenance. The main goal of organizing this conference is to continuously increase the level of knowledge in maintenance. Through scientific and professional papers, the level of professional knowledge is increased, lifelong learning is promoted and the profession is supported. Through published research, one can continuously monitor the trends in engineering and technology development in all spheres of economy, infrastructure and public services.

Since the first conference held on 20th April, 1990 at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Osijek, 26 scientific and professional conferences have been held. Until 2016, the meetings were organized by the Society of Maintenance Engineers (founded in 1983) in cooperation with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Information Technology Osijek, Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek and the Polytechnic of Požega. In addition to scientists from the University, manufacturers of industrial equipment and reproduction materials are actively involved in the organization and work of the conference, whereby direct communication between scientists and maintenance experts from the private sector raises the level of expertise and introduces new methods and maintenance procedures into everyday practice.

The twenty-seventh international scientific conference of the Organization and Maintenance Technology OTO2018 will be held on 13th April 2018 and organized by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek. This year, for the successful organization of the conference, other faculties of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek have been actively involved, especially representatives of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Slavonski Brod.

In order to further promote the publication of papers in this field, the authors of selected papers of the highest quality will be invited to publish an extended version of their research in the English language in the following indexed journals: Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek e-GFOS (http: // e-gfos.gfos.hr), Journal of Energy (http://journalofenergy.com/) and International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems (www.ferit.unios.hr/ijeces/).

The Proceedings contain a total of 28 papers. Based on independent reviews, three papers are classified as original scientific papers, two as preliminary communication papers, two as review papers and twenty-one as professional papers. The field of electrical engineering is represented by 15 papers, civil engineering by 7 papers and mechanical engineering by 6 papers. The successful issuance of this proceedings and the international character of the conference could not have been possible without the contribution of authors from four countries and numerous reviewers, whom we thank on this occasion.

On behalf of the Organizing Committee

Dr. Drago Žagar, Full Professor, Dean of the Faculty

Sadržaj

VI OTO 2018

Sadržaj

1. Eleonora Desnica, Goran Arsić, Mića Đurđev Test and control methods for bearings in mining exploitation for increasing system reliability

1

2. Mirko Karakašić, Milan Kljajin, Željko Ivandić, Hrvoje Glavaš Descriptive matrix of function and functionality in design and maintenance process 7

3. Tomislav Barić Supercapacitors, cell balancing using resistors 15 4. Dragana Mitrović, Dragana Božić Lenard, Irena Galić Održavanje baza alata za strojno prevođenje 23 5. Naida Ademović, Neven Pavlinović, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, Gordana Pavić

Procjena i održavanje mostova u Bosni i Hercegovini 33 6. Gordana Pavić, Naida Ademović, Tanja Kalman Šipoš, Marijana Hadzima- Nyarko

Tehnike ojačanja zidanih zgrada graditeljske povijesne baštine 41 7. Ivan Vidaković, Goran Rozing, Željko Barač, Domagoj Zimmer, Filip Janješić Reparaturno zavarivanje dijelova izrađenih od sivog lijeva 53 8. Borivoj Novaković, Ljiljana Radovanović, Jasmina Pekez Mere prediktivnog održavanja komponenti dizel električnih agregata (DEA) 59 9. Branimir Perković, Tomislav Barić, Hrvoje Glavaš Kemijsko čišćenje kotlova 65 10. Deni Prhal, Goran Knežević, Krešimir Fekete Energetski učinkoviti transformatori s amorfnom jezgrom 71 11. Dino Obradović Održavanje toranjskih dizalica 79 12. Domagoj Talapko, Sejid Tešnjak, Hrvoje Glavaš Impact of Maintenance on Solar and Wind Powered Internet Data Center Electrical Infrastructure Availability

87

13. Dražen Hećimović, Držislav Vidaković Analiza isplativosti energetske obnove obiteljskih kuća u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji

97

14. Franjo Vračević, Damir Blažević, Damir Nožica Izrada projekta aktivne energetski neovisne kuće 105 15. Ivan Arambašić, Goran Knežević, Vladimir Caha Visokonaponska ispitivanja i pregledi opreme za rad pod naponom 111

Sadržaj

OTO 2018 VII

16. Ivona Jovanovac, Tomislav Keser, Srđan Kovačević, Vlatko Matijević, Miroslav Vuković

A generic cloud-based IoT platform for implementation of secure and scalable energy monitoring system applications

117

17. Josip Katalinić, Tomislav Barić Numerički izračun magnetskog polja Helmholtzovog svitka 121 18. Krešimir Miklošević, Vedrana Jerković Štil, Dalibor Gernhart, Željko Špoljarić

Primjena uređaja za meki zalet Altistart 48 pri pokretanju kaveznog asinkronog motora

127

19. Krešimir Pavelić, Denis Bauer, Ivica Jažić Održavanje sigurnosne razine mrežnih servisa računalnog sustava programskim paketom NMAP

135

20. Mario Dudjak, Ivica Lukić, Mirko Köhler Survey of Database Backup Management 141 21. Mato Marčetić, Krešimir Fekete, Goran Knežević, Zvonimir Klaić Vrijeme povrata ulaganja u kućne fotonaponske sustave – utjecaj troškova održavanja

149

22. Niko Sičanica, Damir Blažević, Igor Lukačević Izrada sustava za nadzor i upravljanje rashladnim procesom 157

23. Nina Pelc, Nataša Šuman, Uroš Klanšek, Maintenance of Residential Buildings Supported by iBuilding Software 167

24. Silva Lozančić, Mirjana Bošnjak Klečina, Davorin Penava, Matko Baloković Utjecaj projektiranja i izvedbe na trajnost i održavanje objekta 177

25. Srđan Kovačević, Vlatko Matijević, Ivan Jelušić, Tomislav Keser High-definition video goggles for unmanned aerial vehicle operation and other remote operation applications

183

26. Tatjana Mijušković-Svetinović, Dejan Bulajić Rad i održavanje uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda 189 27. Željko Barač, Ivan Plaščak, Tomislav Jurić, Mladen Jurišić, Goran Heffer, Ivan Vidaković, Domagoj Zimmer, Saša Majstorović

Održavanje linije strojeva za uzgoj lijeske – studija slučaja 199 28. Željko Špoljarić, Davor Radičević, Vedarna Jerković Štil, Krešimir Miklošević Influence of Motor Control Principles on Induction Motor Starting Current 205

Contents

VIII OTO 2018

Contents

1. Eleonora Desnica, Goran Arsić, Mića Đurđev Test and control methods for bearings in mining exploitation for increasing system reliability

1

2. Mirko Karakašić, Milan Kljajin, Željko Ivandić, Hrvoje Glavaš Descriptive matrix of function and functionality in design and maintenance process 7

3. Tomislav Barić Supercapacitors, cell balancing using resistors 15 4. Dragana Mitrović, Dragana Božić Lenard, Irena Galić Maintaining databases for machine translation 23 5. Naida Ademović, Neven Pavlinović, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, Gordana Pavić

Assessment and maintenance of bridges in Bosnia and Herzegovina 33 6. Gordana Pavić, Naida Ademović, Tanja Kalman Šipoš, Marijana Hadzima- Nyarko

Strengthening techniques of cultural historical heritage masonry buildings 41 7. Ivan Vidaković, Goran Rozing, Željko Barač, Domagoj Zimmer, Filip Janješić Repair welding of parts made of cast iron 53 8. Borivoj Novaković, Ljiljana Radovanović, Jasmina Pekez Predictive maintenance measures for components of diesel electric aggregates (DEA)

59

9. Branimir Perković, Tomislav Barić, Hrvoje Glavaš The chemical cleaning of boilers 65 10. Deni Prhal, Goran Knežević, Krešimir Fekete Energy efficient transformers with amorphous core 71 11. Dino Obradović Maintenance of Tower Cranes 79 12. Domagoj Talapko, Sejid Tešnjak, Hrvoje Glavaš Impact of Maintenance on Solar and Wind Powered Internet Data Center Electrical Infrastructure Availability

87

13. Dražen Hećimović, Držislav Vidaković Analyses cost effectiveness energy reconstruction family houses in Osijek- Baranya county

97

14. Franjo Vračević, Damir Blažević, Damir Nožica Project of active energy independent house 105 15. Ivan Arambašić, Goran Knežević, Vladimir Caha High voltage testing and inspection of equipment for live-line working 111

Contents

OTO 2018 IX

16. Ivona Jovanovac, Tomislav Keser, Srđan Kovačević, Vlatko Matijević, Miroslav Vuković

A generic cloud-based IoT platform for implementation of secure and scalable energy monitoring system applications

117

17. Josip Katalinić, Tomislav Barić Numerical calculation of magnetic field of Helmholtz coil 121 18. Krešimir Miklošević, Vedrana Jerković Štil, Dalibor Gernhart, Željko Špoljarić

Apply Altistart 48 soft start device on starting the squirrel cage asynchronous motor

127

19. Krešimir Pavelić, Denis Bauer, Ivica Jažić Maintaining the level of security of network services with the computer system package NMAP

135

20. Mario Dudjak, Ivica Lukić, Mirko Köhler Survey of Database Backup Management 141 21. Mato Marčetić, Krešimir Fekete, Goran Knežević, Zvonimir Klaić Payback period for household photovoltaic systems - impact of maintenance costs 149 22. Niko Sičanica, Damir Blažević, Igor Lukačević Cooling process monitoring and controlling system 157

23. Nina Pelc, Nataša Šuman, Uroš Klanšek, Maintenance of Residential Buildings Supported by iBuilding Software 167

24. Silva Lozančić, Mirjana Bošnjak Klečina, Davorin Penava, Matko Baloković Influence of design and construction on building durability and maintenance 177

25. Srđan Kovačević, Vlatko Matijević, Ivan Jelušić, Tomislav Keser High-definition video goggles for unmanned aerial vehicle operation and other remote operation applications

183

26. Tatjana Mijušković-Svetinović, Dejan Bulajić Operation and Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment Plants 189 27. Željko Barač, Ivan Plaščak, Tomislav Jurić, Mladen Jurišić, Goran Heffer, Ivan Vidaković, Domagoj Zimmer, Saša Majstorović

Maintaining a Line of Hazel Growing Machines - Case Study 199 28. Željko Špoljarić, Davor Radičević, Vedarna Jerković Štil, Krešimir Miklošević Influence of Motor Control Principles on Induction Motor Starting Current 205

X OTO 2018

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OTO 2018 7

Descriptive matrix of function and functionality in design

and maintenance process

Scientific paper

Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Sl. Brod-

mirko.karakasic@sfsb.hr

Milan KljajinMechanical Engineering Faculty in Sl. Brod

-milan.kljajin@sfsb.hr

Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Sl. Brod-

zeljko.ivandic@sfsb.hr

Hrvoje GlavašFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information TechnologyKneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijekhrvoje.glavas@ferit.hr

Abstract–The paper presents a descriptive Matrix of function and functionality (MFF) that was created to

improve the Morphological matrix. The main idea was to develop a matrix that uses mathematical laws to connect functions and function solutions. Therefore, rules are defined that uniquely describe functions by using a system of parameters. Functionalities represent technical systems, which lead to mutual relations with functions. Solutions of the required functions make sub-matrices that connect functions and functionalities. MFF represents a design tool used in the conceptual phase. This tool contributes to the unambiguous management of the design process. Functional requirements is possible to divide into categories, such as shape requirements, load requirements, kinematic requirements, maintenance requirements, etc. Since functions represent transformed requirements, the MFF is a tool that enables them to be solve in conceptual and product maintenance phase. In such a way, in the early phases of product lifecycle is possible by MFF, to set functional requirements for the exploration, maintenance and product recycling.

Keywords–Design process, Function, Functionality, Maintenance, MFF

1. INTRODUCTION

The conceptual design stage is one of the first stages inside the product development process. This stage is a crucial since it is the most influential on the success or failure of a product to achieve its target goals. However, information used in this stage is quite uncertain and the space of possibilities is large and could be expanded further. Therefore, it is difficult to develop a systematic approach to generate good design concepts.

In order to increase the probability of success of a new venture, the design process must be planned carefully and executed systematically. In particular, an engineering design method must integrate the many different aspects of designing in such a way that the whole process becomes logical and comprehensive. In order to solve a technical problem we need a system with a clear and easily reproduced relationship, between inputs and outputs [1].

With the purpose of solving technical problems, different methods were developed [2]. The most easily generalized among these methods is the morphological technique by Zwicky [3, 4], which concerns itself with the intrinsic structural

characteristics of the formation and content of the thought process. In [5, 6, 7, 8] matrix models were presented, which enable the generation of a functional structure of the product, described in matrices. The background of most matrix models is represented by morphological box [3], which forms the basis for further development.

One of the most important information in conceptual stage are market requirements which are defined with customer and/or users expectation. They represent basis for defining the basic functional requirements, which in turn represent the initial information about a new, potential product [9]. Requirements are unarranged, incomplete, which makes it necessary for them to be arranged, complemented and expanded. When the goal is to create designsolutions that have not previously existed, the functional requirements must be defined in a solution neutral environment (functional space) [10]. The functional requirements and solutions are always visible in the form of technical functions and technical systems, where according to Hubkaand Eder [11], a technical system is defined as an artefact. A technical system is also functionality and a material system, which by fulfilling functions

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8 OTO 2018

satisfies the needs, and this gives people the possibility to realize one or more values [12].

In order to generate product’s shape structures, new functional structures are essential. To generate them, important philosophies of engineering of technical functions must be considered [11, 13]. In [14], the authors approach describing the functions by defining the terminology that is related to the names of the functions, while others describe the functions of technical systems by means of physical laws [15]. With a view to unique identification, rules were defined [5], by means of which the functions, functionalities and products are described.

In the studies by [5, 7, 16] matrix models were initially developed and presented. Using these models is possible to generate a functional

structure of the product. The structure is described by matrix form and makes foundation for physical (shape) structure of a product.

2. THE MFF MODEL

The matrix of function and functionality – MFF –is a methodology that can serve an individual, i.e. a designer, to find and analyze various solutions of functional requirements in a repeatable way. In the later stages of design process, it allows easier generation of product’s new and variant functional and physical structures. The MFF represents a tabular representation of bindings between function requests and functionalities. It is possible to say that MFF is a connection between functional domain and design elements domain (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.: Binding between function requests and functionalities

Fig. 2.: General model of MFF

In the functionality domain, we represent all details form, which are directly dependent from the manufacturing technology. Additional we can also

represent the form of the physical structure of theproducts, which make direct relation with the

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OTO 2018 9

mechanic, electrical, optics and nuclear laws and relation.

The MFF is used when we want to improve the initial engineering process (conceptual phase), where only the basic information is available. MFF represents a tool with which is possible in the preliminary phase to concurrently solve several functional requirements and generate new functional and design structures of a product. Functional requests are derived from market requirements and represent the most important attributes of the requested system – functions, while functionalities are represented by technical systems or shape models that in partially or fully fulfill the required functions.

A general model of MFF is presented in figure 2. Relations between functions and functionalities are represented by sub-matrices. Sub-matrices

present possible solutions of functions. Functional requirements in MFF model are marked with Fi and are placed in the first column, while individual technical systems (functionalities) are marked with TSj and can be found in subsequent columns.

MFF uses the basics of technical functions [13],rules for describing and arranging functions into main, supplementary, auxiliary and binding functions [5] and characteristics of describing them with parameters and winning parameters.

Before MFF, the matrix of product function and its requirements (Fig. 3) was developed as a prototype to the MFF [6, 7]. The basic idea for making application was to create a knowledgebase in a specific area that contained at one place the knowledge of engineers acquired during their working life, or during product development.

Fig. 3.: Model of the function matrix of products and their requests [7]

3. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF

MFF

Mathematical form of MFF (Fig. 4) is based on a matrix expression and direct connection between functional requirements ; 1,...,iF i n and

functionalities ; 1,...,jTS j m , where the following

applies:

Functional requirements “i

F “ are marked

with corresponding marks and the following applies:

1 2 3, , ,..., ; NnF F F F n (1)

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10 OTO 2018

Functionalities “ jTS “ are marked with

corresponding marks and the following applies:

1 2 3, , ,..., ; NmTS TS TS TS m (2)

Individual cross-sections or (solutions, i.e. sub-matrices) are

defined as in figure 5 and the following applies:

, , ,

1,..., ; 1,...,

i j i j i j

i j j i

i j F TS F TS i F TS j

F TS TS F

F TS X X F X TS

i n j m

(3)

All cross-sections (solutions, sub-matrices), belonging to one functional requirement, are written as:

1 2 3, , , ,, , ,...,i i i i i mF F TS F TS F TS F TSR X X X X (4)

where 1,...,i n .

All cross-sections (solutions, sub-matrices), belonging to one functionality, are written as:

1 2 3, , , ,, , ,...,j j j j n jTS F TS F TS F TS F TSR X X X X (5)

where 1,...,j m .

TS1 TS2... TSm

TSF

F1

[ RF ]

F2

[RF ]

F3

[RF ]

...

Fn[RF ]

XF ,TS 11

...

......

1

2

3

n

...

XF ,TS 12

XF ,TS 13

XF ,TS 1n

XF ,TS 21

XF ,TS 22

XF ,TS 2n

XF ,TS m1

XF ,TS m2

XF ,TS m3

XF ,TS mn

... ... ...

...

...

Fig. 4.: Mathematical form of MFF

Fi TSj

{XF

,TS

} ji

Fig. 5.: Cross-section (solution, sub-matrix)

4. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION RULES

Product function implies the description of any technical system with regard to its work, process or physical characteristics. As a rule, it is described using words or sentences. When naming functions,

long and meaningless words are to be avoided and short and general terms should be used instead. Advantage should be given to verbs and adjectives.

Table 1.: Function description on terms of parameters

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Caution should be taken when the name of a function contains a noun as this can reduce the level of abstraction, which could solve the desired function. In this way, the designer departs from what is universally valid and essential and confines themselves to what is material and concrete. This refers to nouns that define a product name. For instance, a bearing has an additional function called sealing. If the noun gasket was in the name of the function, our function would be called sealing with gasket. The name of the function defined like this is not correct because it only gives one of the solutions for the function sealing.

Depending on the complexity, some functions sometimes need to be described with more physical expressions and parameters that are found in these expressions. Table1 shows functions described by parameters determined by physical expressions.

To avoid ambiguity and determine functions, the criteria for the determination of functions are defined in order to achieve standardization in the conceptual design phase by functional modeling (Fig. 6). The idea is to give the designer clearly defined rules on how and in which way to list the product functions.

Fig. 6.: Function determination criteria

5. MFF MODEL IMPLEMENTATION

In order to illustrate the application of the described theoretical bases of the developed models in practice, a computer Web application was developed. The application is of modular structure and contains several modules. The matrix model and the product matrix structure building model are implemented in one of the

modules. The matrix shown in figure 7 has been generated by means of a computer Web application in which simple technical systems (structural elements) are functionally described. The access to the matrix and its structuring is made possible by means of a developed Web interface.

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12 OTO 2018

Fig. 7.: Product presented by MFF

Complex products are structured in different levels of matrix structure. By the binding functions, the matrices are interconnected into a mutual matri thus forming sub-matrices of this matrix. The

example of relation between matrixes in different levels is presented in figure 8.

Fig. 8.: Relation between MFF in different matrix levels

6. CONCLUSION

It is of utmost importance at the beginning of the design process to transform customer requirements into functional requirements. This process is often of utmost importance for the final form of the design process. In order to make the process of transformation of design requirements more reliable and better, a new design tool was developed. This tool is called Matrix of function and functionality (MFF), and it is derived from the deficiencies we have observed in the morphological matrix analysis. The objective of the MFF is to improve the design process at its earliest stage, i.e. the conceptual stage.

By using an unambiguous description of the functions performed by the parameters that are determined by physical sizes, the functional

requirements become quantified. In this way, the links between functions and functionalities become descriptive but also mathematically quantified.

Sub-matrices, which connect functions and functionalities, represent sets of solutions of functional requirements. Functional requirements contain four categories of functions: main, supplementary, auxiliary and binding functions.

Since supplementary functions are support functions that are required by user`s additions,they also include maintenance requirements. The way of maintaining the products is often the consequence of the constructional design that derives from the functional requirements. It can be said that the quality of the design process has a direct impact on the maintenance process of a particular design.

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Therefore, the MFF tool has the task of providing a reliable analysis of different conceptual variants of a particular product by varying the input functions and their parameters in order to obtain the most sophisticated design solution.

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