27. computer applications business and engineering

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By: Alex Puah©Fujitsu Asia Pte Ltd

Computer Applications

• Business Applications

• Engineering Applications

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Business Applications

• Accounting Information System– A system that processes corporate accounting

information and presents information on the financial position and performance of the company

– Directly linked to the transaction processing systems of the company

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Accounting Information Systems

• A transaction processing system is a system that supports the processing of the day-to-day transactions of a company– E.g. order processing systems, invoicing

systems, etc.

• Sophistication of AIS:– CISCO: “closing accounts by the daily basis”

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Accounting Information Systems

• Some Functions:– Digitize data entry slips– Automates accounting calculation– Prepares financial statements:

• Balance Sheet• Profit and Loss Statement• Cash Flow Statement

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Office Automation (OA) Systems

• Aims to improve the efficiency of clerical processing in a typical office

• Includes– Office tools (document processing software based on

word processors)– Electronic filing system– Videoconferencing system– Electronic secretary– Decision support system

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OA Systems

• Decision support systems are systems that provide tools to support decision making by executives for unstructured or semi-structured problems in some-what personalized way.

• Electronic secretary assists in the scheduling of appointments for executives by providing common calendars

• Document management systems

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Groupware

• Software that provides for collaborative (group) work• Certain work tasks are collaborative in nature:

– Project-based work– Producing a working paper that requires input from various

expertise or brain-storming on a problem– Planning of training needs, broadcasting of training programs,

processing of training requests, authorization process and feedback– Management of leaves– Management of claims on business trips, etc.– Office purchasing – submission of requisitions

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Groupware

• Application areas for groupware:– Electronic Mail

• Beware of the lack of human touch– Bulletin Board

• For mass broadcasting of company policies and procedures (information that does not require much clarification)

– Videoconferencing– Schedule Management Software – use of shared

calendars for a project team– Authorization systems

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Application Systems in the Retail Industry

• Point-Of-Sales (POS) system– Not just the cash register anymore – but systems linked

to MIS– Examples:

• 7-Eleven:– From the information of TPS, collect and analyze them into

customer purchasing patterns, change in taste, even preference for a certain packaging size

• Parco:– From the MIS systems that are linked to the POS systems,

management can know the success of a certain promotion sales, etc.

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Application Systems in the Retailing Industry

• Hand-held ordering devices– Take orders from customers in a restaurant– Channel the information directly to the kitchen that

prepares the order– Sophisticated system can even link to stocks and

accounting systems

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Electronic Ordering System

• Electronic ordering systems help in the order processing workflow– When to place an order (reorder level)– How much to order or supply (order quantity)

• Example of the rubber parts supplier

– Avoid miss in placing orders– Automating the process of placing actual order

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Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

• Allows for processing of documents by involved parties using electronic documents transmitted electronically

• Business-to-business e.g. between trading parties

• Use of common approved format

• Web-EDI

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Computer Aided Design (CAD)

• Automate the process of producing product design specification using computers

• Functions:– Repository to accumulate design information that

provides reference data for future design work– Provide modeling tools to represent the design object– Automatically produce part of the design object

through pre-specified procedure– Helps to evaluate the design through some standard

criteria

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Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

• Assists in the manufacturing process by using computers

• Design the manufacturing process based on the data in design drawings prepared in CAD

• Automatically controls the assembly and processing of the product by calibrating appropriately the machinery

27. computer applications business and engineering

Technology