26549530 organizational behavior ppt

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1 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Psychology 101, UKZN 2008 M.J. Kometsi, M.A. (Clin.Psych.)(UCT)

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Page 1: 26549530 Organizational Behavior PPT

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Psychology 101, UKZN2008

M.J. Kometsi, M.A. (Clin.Psych.)(UCT)

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Reference: Robbins, S.P. & Judge, T.A. (2007).

Organizational Behavior (12th Ed.). Prentice Hall: New Jersey.Chapter 1

Reserved copies under Psych 304 Notes

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What Managers Do

Make decisions, allocate resources & direct activities of others to attain goals

Work in an organization Consciously coordinated social unit,

composed of 2 or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals

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Management Functions Planning: defining organizational goals

& establishing strategy for achieving them

Organizing: design organization’s structure

Leading: direct and coordinate employees

Controlling: ensure things are going as they should

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Management Roles

Henry Mintzberg’s (1960) study Interpersonal Informational Decisional

Exhibit 1-1 (pp-6)

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Management Skills

Robert Katz- 3 essential management skills Technical Skills: ability to apply

specialized knowledge or expertise Human Skills: work with, understand,

motivate employees Conceptual Skills: mental ability to

analyze & diagnose complex situations

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Organizational Behaviour (OB)

Studies 3 determinants of behaviour in org. (individuals, groups & structure) Apply this knowledge to improve org’s

effectiveness The study of what people do in an

organization & how their behaviour affects the organization’s performance

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Contributing Disciplines to OB field Psychology: seeks to measure,

explain & sometimes change behaviour

Learning & personality theorists, counselling, Ind/Org Psych

Social psychology: people’s influence on one another

Attitudes, communication patterns, group behaviour & conflict

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Contributing Disciplines to OB field (cont…)

Sociology: people in relation to their social environment & culture

Group behaviour in organizations Anthropology: study societies to

learn about human beings & their activities

Differences in values, attitudes & behaviour btwn people in diff. countries & within diff. org.

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Challenges & Opportunities for OB

Responding to Globalization: Org. no longer constrained by

national borders Increased Foreign Assignments

Workforce is likely to be different Overseeing movement of jobs to

countries with low-cost labour Economic values aren’t universally

transferable

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Coping with anticapitalism backlash

Compete against cheap labour Criticism from labour groups, politicians

Managing people during the war on terror business travellers cut on their trips

Managing workforce diversity Heterogeneous mix- gender, age, race,

sexual orientation

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Working with people from different cultures

Embracing diversity Diverse cultural values, lifestyle

preferences Orgs. need to be accommodating

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Implications

Improving quality & productivity Industries suffer from excess supply Translates into increased competition

Responding to labour shortage Decline interest by older workers to

stay in workforce Need for sophisticated recruitment &

retention strategies

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Improving customer service Need for interaction with customers ? Please customers

Improving people skills Empowering people

Decision making Stimulating innovation & change

flexibility

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Coping with ‘temporaries’ Jobs are being subcontracted out Job security?

Working in networked organizations Networked organization

Helping people balance work & life Gone are 8am to 4pm shifts Creates personal conflicts & stress

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Improving ethical behaviour Pressure on productivity & tough

competition Break rules Ethical dilemmas Codes of ethics Workshops/seminars to improve ethical

behaviour

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Coming Attractions: Developing an OB model

A model is an abstraction of reality

A simplified representation of some real world phenomenon

3 levels of analysis in OB Individual Group Organizational system

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The Dependent Variables A dependent variable: key factor to

be explained or predicted & is affected by some other factors Productivity: transferring inputs to

outputs at lowest cost ? Concern re: effectiveness & efficiency

Absenteeism: failure to report to work Cost implications, delays decision Are all absences bad?

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Turnover: voluntary/involuntary withdrawal from an organization

Increased recruiting, selection & training costs

Can be positive Deviant workplace behaviour

Voluntarily violating organizational norms Understand why?

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Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB)

Behaviour not part of formal job requirement, but promotes effective functioning of the org.

Job satisfaction: positive feeling about one’s job

Affects productivity Jobs must be intrinsically challenging &

rewarding

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The Independent Variables

An independent variable cause some change in/on/to the dependent variable Individual-level variables: individual

characteristics that will influence behaviour at work

Age, gender, marital status, values, attitudes, perception, decision making, learning, motivation

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Group-level variables: more than the sum total of all individuals acting on their own way

People behave differently in groups Understand group influence on

individuals Degree to which group members are

attracted to each other

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Organizational systems level variables:

The design of the formal organization Organization’s internal culture Human resource policies & practices