2502230 hfd 1 overview
DESCRIPTION
introduction of human factors and ergonomics in product design and development processTRANSCRIPT
บทที่ 1 Human Factors in Design
- นิยาม
- ความเปนมา ของ
Human Factors / Ergonomic
ั ป - วัตถุประสงค
- ขอบเขต
12502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
บทนํา่ ่เมือ่จะทําการออกแบบใดๆเพือ่การใชงานของมนุษย
จําเปนตองคํานึงถึง human characteristics ความสะดวกจาเปนตองคานงถง human characteristics ความสะดวก
ในการใชที่ตอบสนองจุดมุงหมายการใชงาน ความุ ุ
ปลอดภัย ความสวยงาม รวมถึงความสัมพันธระหวาง
ั ิ ั ั้มนุษยกับผลิตภัณฑนัน
การคนควาวิจัยเกี่ยวกับ Human factorsไมวาจะเปนเรื่องของการคนควาวจยเกยวกบ Human factorsไมวาจะเปนเรองของ
มนุษยกับผลิตภัณฑหรือสิ่งแวดลอม ลวนมีจุดประสงคุ ุ
หลักคอืการออกแบบที่เหมาะสม
22502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
บทนํา(ตอ)ในยุคแรกการศึกษามุงเนนความตองการจาก
PRODUCTION เปนหลัก คอื เนนประสิทธิภาพการผลิตPRODUCTION เปนหลก คอ เนนประสทธภาพการผลต
/ ผลงาน / ผลผลิต ‘‘productivity oriented’productivity oriented’
ยุคตอมา การออกแบบอุตสาหกรรม จะพจิารณา
ประสิทธิภาพการผลิต หรือ ประโยชนใชงาน function
ั ไป ั f t ึ่ ป ี่ ไป ิโควบคูกันไปกับ feature ซึงเปลียนไปตามผูบริโภค
‘‘consumerconsumer-- user oriented’oriented’consumerconsumer user orientedoriented
32502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
ั ั้ ั ํ ป ึ
บทนํา(ตอ)ดังนัน นักออกแบบจําเปนตองศกึษาความสัมพันธระหวาง ผใช และ ผลิตภัณฑ โดยมีความสมพนธระหวาง ผูใช และ ผลตภณฑ โดยม
- หลักเกณฑพิจารณาน้ําหนักความสําคญัญ
- สามารถเลือกใชขอมูลไดอยางถกูตอง
- พจิารณาทั้ง designer-consumer-producer
interaction
42502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
นิยามE iE i ( )ErgonomicsErgonomics ( Europe)
NOMOS = LAWERGOS = WORK
Human FactorsHuman Factors ( US, Canada, Japan):
NOMOS = LAWERGOS = WORK
the application of the information
to the design of thingsto the design of things
Human Engineering ( US Military)
Engineering PsychologyEngineering Psychology ( US):
the human capabilities and limitationsthe human capabilities and limitations
52502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
TERMINOLOGY
ERGONOMIC (1)ERGONOMIC (1)
th t h l f k d i b d th : the technology of work design based on the
human biological science; anatomy, physiology, human biological science; anatomy, physiology,
and psychology
“an interdisciplinary science which studies the
relationships between people and their
environments
62502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
TERMINOLOGY
ERGONOMIC (2)
: the study of the problems of people in adjusting to
their environment, the science that seeks to adapt
work or working conditions to suit worker / user
72502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
นิยาม (ตอ)Wh t i HUMAN FACTORSWhat is HUMAN FACTORS“ An interdisciplinary science which studies the
relationships between people and their environments based on 4 factors;
1.Morphological factor ปจจัยดานรูปทรงโครงสราง2 Kinesiological factor ปจจัยดานการเคลื่อนไหว2.Kinesiological factor ปจจยดานการเคลอนไหว3. Physiological factor ปจจัยดานกายภาพ4. Psychological factor ปจจัยดานจิตวิทยา
82502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
What is Human Factors ( 4 factors)
1. MORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS
: branch of biology dealing with form and structure
2. KINESIOLOGICAL FACTORS
:
92502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
What is Human Factors
3. PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
: the science of the normal functions of living things
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
:
102502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
TERMINOLOGY
KINESIOLOGY
: the science or study of human muscular
movementsmovements
METROLOGYMETROLOGY
: the science of weights and measuresg
112502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
ความเปนมา(1)Early History _____Ergonomics
Greek Educator : Wojcieh Jastrzebowski (1799-1882)Greek Educator : Wojcieh Jastrzebowski (1799-1882)
Industrial Revolution: healthful, safe, comfortable working conditon (late1800s - early 1900s)
Early 1900s Human FactorsEarly 1900s______Human Factors
Scientific Management >>> Industrial Engineering
(Frederic Winslow Taylor,1898)
M ti St d Sh M t H F t Motion Study, Shop Management>>>Human Factors
( Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lilian Gilbreth, 1909)
122502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
( , )
Scientific Management >>> Industrial Engineering
Frederic Winslow Taylor Typing pool
132502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
Scientific Management >>> Industrial Engineering
Economical hand-finger movement by motion studyMotion study
142502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
ความเปนมา(2)
World War II:
- the tests for selecting the proper person for jobsg p p p j
- the development of improved training procedures
>>> fitting the person to the job
>>> fitting the equipment to the persong q p p
E i tEquipmentPerson Job
152502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
162502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
19 1960 f 19
ความเปนมา(3)
1945 - 1960: the end of WWII 1945
The Birth of a professionalThe Birth of a professional- engineering psychology laboratories
(US Army Air Corp > US Air Force)- first civilian company
1949 : Ergonomic Society (UK)
1957: The Human Factors Society (US)
SPUTNIK (Russia)
1959 th I t ti l E i A i ti172502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun
department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
1959: the International Ergonomics Association
ความเปนมา(4)
1960-1980: A Period of Rapid Growth
before: HF in US >>> military industrial before: HF in US >>> military - industrial
after: HF in US >>> space programp p g
*** the incident at Three-Mile Island Nuclear Power Station
1980 and beyond:
- computer revolution: - ergonomic design equipment
- user friendly softwareuser friendly software
- human factors design approach
182502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
ความเปนมา(5)
Early 1980s:
HF review to identify and correct design deficiencies of - HF review to identify and correct design deficiencies of all the nuclear power control room
- forensics / product liability litigations
- HF expert witness:
1 อธบิาย human behavior expectation1.อธบาย human behavior-expectation
2.กําหนด issues of defective designg
3.ประเมนิ the effectiveness of warnings and instruction
192502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
202502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
Schematic of the nuclear power plan at Three Mile Island
212502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
p p
222502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
232502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
Nuclear plant
242502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
ความเปนมา(6)In the future:In the future:Beyond the issues of;
Tangible criteria: - productivity
- Safety- Safety
Intangible criteria: - satisfaction
- Happiness
The increased rate of technological developmentThe increased rate of technological development
252502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
ความเปนมา(7)
HF considerations EARLY in the design&development phase
‘ Functional effectiveness / human welfare’
262502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
Focus of HF1 Human beings and their interactions ith 1. Human beings and their interactions with
products, equipment, facilities, procedures, and p , q p , , p ,environments used in work and everyday living
2. The emphasis is on human beings and How the design of things influence peopleHow the design of things influence people
3. Change the things people use and the 3. Change the things people use and the environments in which they use these things to B h h bili i li i i Better match the capabilities, limitations, and needs of people
272502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
and needs of people
HF: scope (1)
C i t f P h lConsists of: - Psychology
Physiology- Physiology
Biomechanics- Biomechanics
- Anthropology- Anthropology
Aims: designing for the human useAims: - designing for the human use
optimizing working and living - optimizing working and living conditions
282502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF: scope (2)Objectives: Objectives:
1 To enhance the effectiveness and 1. To enhance the effectiveness and efficiency with which work and other activities are carried out, increased convenience of use, reduce errors and increased productivityreduce errors, and increased productivity
2. To enhance certain desirable human values, including improved society, reduced fatigue and stress increased comfort greater fatigue and stress, increased comfort, greater user acceptance, increased job satisfaction,
292502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
and improved quality of life
HF: scope (3)
ไ ่ในการออกแบบ ไมยากที่จะทําใหงานบรรลุวัตถประสงคเบื้องตน เนื่องจาก มีลําดับวตถุประสงคเบองตน เนองจาก มลาดบความสําคัญในการพิจารณา และ วัตถุประสงคุสวนใหญมกัจะเชื่อมโยงกัน
ใ เชน การออกแบบอุปกรณทํางานใหปลอดภัย และใชงาย จะสงผลใหเกิด ความลาปลอดภย และใชงาย จะสงผลใหเกด ความลา(fatigue)จากการใชงานนอยลง จึงชวยเพิ่มความพอใจของผูบริโภค
302502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF: scope (4)
“H F t di d li “Human Factors discovers and applies information about human behavior information about human behavior,
abilities, limitation, and other abilities, limitation, and other characteristics to the design of tools, gmachines, systems, tasks, jobs, and
environment for productive, safe, comfortable, and effective human use.”
312502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
( Chapanis, 1985)
HF Approach (1)
1. Systematic application of relevant
information about human capabilities,
limitations, characteristics, behavior,
and motivation to the design of things
and procedures people use and the
environments in which they use them322502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun
department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
2 Scientific investigation to discover HF Approach (2)2. Scientific investigation to discover
relevant information about human and relevant information about human and their responses to things, environment, p g , ,etc. This information serves as the basis for making design recommendations and predicting the probable effects of various design lt ti
332502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
alternatives.
HF Approach (3)
3. Evaluation of the design of
products to ensure that they products to ensure that they
satisfied their intended objectives
342502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF profession characteristics (1):
1.commitment to the idea that things, machine, system, etc. are built to serve human b ibeings and must be designed always with the user in mindalways with the user in mind
352502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF profession characteristics (2):
2.recognition of individual differences in human capabilities
d li it ti d and limitations, and an appreciation of their design appreciation of their design implicationsimplications
362502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF profession characteristics (3):
3.conviction that the design of things, 3.conviction that the design of things,
procedures etc procedures, etc.
influence human behavior influence human behavior
and well beingand well-being
372502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF profession characteristics (4):
4.emphasis on empirical data and evaluation in the design process
382502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF profession characteristics (5):
5.reliance on the scientific method and the use of objective data to test the hypotheses and generate basic data about human behavior
392502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
HF profession characteristics (6):
6.commitment to a systems orientation
and a recognition that things,
procedures, environments, and people p p p
do not exist in isolationdo not exist in isolation
402502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
Human Factors is NOT1 Just applying checklists and 1. Just applying checklists and
guidelinesguidelines
2 Using oneself as the model for 2.Using oneself as the model for designing thingsg g g
(- the individual differences,- the unique characteristics of user
l ti )populations)3 COMMON SENSE
412502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskundepartment of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
3. COMMON SENSE