24 world war looms quit chapter objective interact with history interact with history time line...

24 World War Looms

QUIT

CHAPTER OBJECTIVECHAPTER OBJECTIVE

INTERACT WITH HISTORYINTERACT WITH HISTORY

TIME LINETIME LINE

VISUAL SUMMARYVISUAL SUMMARY

SECTION Dictators Threaten World Peace1

SECTION War in Europe2

SECTION The Holocaust3

SECTION America Moves Toward War4

MAP

GRAPH

24 World War Looms

HOME

CHAPTER OBJECTIVE

To trace the rise of dictators, the beginnings of war, and the American response in the 1930s

24W I T H H I S T O R Y

I N T E R A C T

Why might the United States try to remain neutral?

Examine the Issues

In the summer of 1939, President Franklin Roosevelt addresses an anxious nation in response to atrocities in Europe committed by Hitler’s Nazi Germany. Roosevelt declares in his broadcast that the United States “will remain a neutral nation.” He acknowledges, however, that he “cannot ask that every American remain neutral in thought.”

• How can neutral countries participate in the affairs of warring countries?

• How might involvement in a large scale war influence the United States?

HOME

World War Looms

24

The United States The World

1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected president.

1931 The Empire State Building opens in New York City.

1931 Japan conquers Manchuria, in northern China.

TIME LINE

HOME

1933 Prohibition ends. 1933 Adolf Hitler is appointed German chancellor and sets up Dachau concentration camp.

1936 Jesse Owens wins four gold medals at Olympics in Berlin, Germany. Roosevelt is reelected.

1936 Ethiopia’s Haile Selassie asks League of Nations for help against Italian invasion. General Francisco Franco leads a fascist rebellion in Spain.

1934 Stalin begins great purge in USSR. Chinese communists flee in the Long March.

1937 Amelia Earhart mysteriously disappears attempting solo round-the-world flight.

continued . . .

World War Looms

24

The United States The World1938 Orson Welles broadcasts The War of the Worlds, a fictional alien invasion.

1938 Kristallnacht—Nazis riot, destroying Jewish neighborhoods.

1941 United States enters World War II. 1941 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.

TIME LINE

HOME

1939 Germany invades Poland. Britain and France declare war.

1940 Roosevelt is elected to a third term.

World War Looms

1Dictators Threaten World Peace

The United States remains isolated from world affairs as economic and political factors lead to the rise of nationalist leaders in the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy.

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

KEY IDEA

HOME


OVERVIEW

The rise of rulers with total power in Europe and Asia led to World War II.

Dictators of the 1930s and 1940s changed the course of history, making world leaders especially watchful for the actions of dictators today.

MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW

TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES

HOME

• Joseph Stalin

• Adolf Hitler

• Neutrality Acts

• Benito Mussolini

• Francisco Franco

• fascism

• Nazism

• totalitarian

ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT


1. Identify the main ambitions of each dictator listed in the web diagram.

continued . . .

Dictator’s Ambitions

Stalin: Hitler:

Franco:Mussolini:

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Create a model Communist state and

transform the Soviet Union into a great industrial

power

Unite the German “master race” into an

empire destined to rule the world

Make Italy a great world power

Become Spain’s supreme military leader


2. How did the Treaty of Versailles sow the seeds of instability in Europe? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Germany and the Soviet Union’s resentment of the treaty contributed to their renunciation of democratic values. The treaty did little to halt the rise of totalitarian governments.

• effects of the treaty on Germany and the Soviet Union• effects of the treaty on national pride• the economic legacy of the war

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


3. Why do you think Hitler found widespread support among the German people?

ANSWERANSWER

Germany was devastated by the effects of World War I. The nation suffered from severe economic depression. Hitler promoted the Nazi party as a way to restore national pride.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


4. Would powerful nations or weak nations be more likely to follow an isolationist policy? Explain.

ANSWERANSWER

Strong, self-sufficient nations can afford to adopt isolationist policies. Weaker nations are often too dependent on foreign powers.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 1

2War in Europe

A series of bold moves by Adolf Hitler—and weak countermoves by other leaders—triggers World War II in Europe.


KEY IDEA

HOMEMAP

2War in Europe

HOME

OVERVIEW

Using the sudden mass attack called blitzkrieg, Germany invaded and quickly conquered many European countries.

Hitler’s actions started World War II and still serve as a warning to be vigilant about totalitarian government.




• Charles de Gaulle

• Winston Churchill

• nonaggression pact

• Neville Chamberlain

• blitzkrieg

• appeasement

MAP

2War in Europe

1. Trace the movement of German expansion from 1937 to the end of 1940 by supplying events to follow the dates shown on the time line.

continued . . .

Hitler plans expansion.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

World War II begins after Germany invades Poland.

Germany annexes Austria and

Sudetenland.

1937 1939

1938 1940Germany invades France

and fights the Battle of Britain with England.

MAP

2War in Europe

2. To what extent do you think lies and deception played a role in Hitler’s tactics? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Hitler’s deceptions included: charging the Czechs with abusing Sudeten Germans; claiming that Sudetenland was his last territorial demand; accusing Poles of brutalizing Germans; signing a secret pact with the Soviet Union dividing Poland; justifying the invasion of Denmark and Norway as necessary to safeguard his plans.

• William Shirer’s diary entry about headlines in the Nazi newspapers

• Soviet-German relations• Hitler’s justifications for military aggression

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

MAP

2War in Europe

3. If you had been a member of the British House of Commons in 1938, would you have voted for or against the Munich Agreement?

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

For: Appeasement would help avert war; compromise is not a sign of weakness.

Against: Appeasement would feed Hitler’s military aggression; Great Britain should defend its honor and declare war.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

MAP

2War in Europe

4. Review Germany’s aggressive actions between 1938 and 1945. At what point do you think Hitler concluded that he could take any territory without being stopped?

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

After taking Austria—France and Britain ignored their pledge to protect Austria.

After Munich Conference—Britain and France let Germany take Sudetenland.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 2

MAP

3The Holocaust

Hitler’s plans for conquering the world include the killing of Jews and other ethnic groups, which is carried out with frightening determination.


KEY IDEA

HOME

3The Holocaust

HOME


• Holocaust

• Kristallnacht

• concentration camp• ghetto

• genocide


OVERVIEW

During the Holocaust, the Nazis systematically executed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans.”

After the atrocities of the Holocaust, agencies formed to publicize human rights. These agencies have remained a force in today’s world.


3The Holocaust

1. List four events that led to the Holocaust.

continued . . .

The removal of non-Aryans from government jobs.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Nuremberg Laws

Kristallnacht

Causes Effect

The Holocaust

“Final Solution”

3The Holocaust

2. Do you think that the United States was justified in not allowing more Jewish refugees to emigrate? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

Justified: The United States had to protect the national security and the welfare of its citizens, including job security.

Not justified: The United States was obligated to provide political asylum for victims of prejudice. continued . . .

• the views of isolationists in the United States • some Americans’ prejudices and fears

HOME

ASSESSMENT

• the incident on the German luxury liner St. Louis

3The Holocaust

3. Why do you think the Nazi system of systematic genocide was so brutally effective?

ANSWERANSWER

There was no effective opposition in Germany to Hitler’s plan for mass extinction. Nazis propaganda loudly proclaimed that the Germans were a superior race destined to rule the world. At the same time they preached that Jews, Poles and other groups were inferior races. Hitler used the Jews as scapegoats for Germany’s problems following World War I. He stripped them of their rights and then used terror and propaganda to coerce them into giving up their freedom.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

3The Holocaust

4. How might concentration camp doctors and guards have justified to themselves the death and suffering they caused other human beings?

ANSWERANSWER

They believed that their prisoners were subhuman, thus they were not actually killing or torturing human beings. They might claim that they were simply following orders and had no choice.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 3

4America Moves Toward War

The United States provides aid to nations resisting Hitler and enters World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

KEY IDEA


HOMEGRAPH


HOME


• Lend-Lease Act

• Hideki Tojo

• Atlantic Charter• Allies

• Axis powers


OVERVIEW

In response to the fighting in Europe, the United States provided economic and military aid to help the Allies achieve victory.

The military capability of the U. S. became a deciding factor in World War II and in world affairs ever since.


GRAPH


1. List the key events leading to America’s entry into World War II. Use the dates below as a guide.

continued . . .

September 1940

HOME

ASSESSMENT

June 1941

March 1941 August 1941

December 1941Japan, Germany, and Italy,

sign the Tripartite Pact.

Congress passes Lend-Lease Act.

Roosevelt and Churchill draw up the Atlantic Charter.

Germany invades Soviet Union; Roosevelt orders U.S.

Navy to protect lend-lease shipments.

Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.

GRAPH


2. Do you think that the United States should have waited to be attacked before declaring war? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

Waited: An attack by Japan would swing public opinion away from isolationism and allow Roosevelt to enter the war with the support of the American people.

Not waited: An earlier declaration of war might have prevented the attack on Pearl Harbor.

• the reputation of the United States• the influence of isolationists• the events at of Pearl Harbor

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

GRAPH


3. What problem would the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor solve for Roosevelt? What new problems would it create?

ANSWERANSWER

The attack would unify public support behind the war effort, but it would cripple the fleet needed to fight the war.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

GRAPH


4. Although the U.S. Congress was still unwilling to declare war early in 1941, Churchill told his war cabinet,

“ We must have patience and trust to the tide which is flowing our way, and to events.”

What do you think Churchill meant by this remark?

ANSWERANSWER

Churchill believed that the United States entry into World War II was inevitable. The United States was edging closer and closer to war.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 4

GRAPH

24 world war looms quit chapter objective interact with history interact with history time line...

Documents

home world war looms

world affairs

world leaders

world flight

united statesthe world

section war

world peace overview

beginnings of war