1. 1. RESCUE IN CONFINED SPACES
2. 2. Objectives Able to understand the purpose of the various rescue methods Able to execute the rescue methods when presented with a confined space situation
3. 3. Scope Introduction Definition of confined space Types of confined space Types of confined space rescue Hazards of associated with confined space rescue Rescue Evacuation Plan Emergency Evacuation Methods Safety Precautions Conclusion
4. 4. Introduction Rescue in Confined Spaces is often a very daunting task Most hazardous of all rescue activities Safety of rescuers are of top priority
5. 5. Definition of Confined Space Limited or restricted means of entry and exit Not designated for continuous occupancy
6. 6. E X A M P L E Silos Collapsed Structures
7. 7. Ducts Sewers & Closed Drains E X A M P L E
8. 8. Types of Confined Space Rescue Self Rescue Victim gets himself out of confined space without help Non- Entry Rescue Rescuer saves victim without entering confined space (Using equipments like ropes or poles) Entry Rescue Rescuer saves victim by entering confined space
9. 9. Hazards Associated With Confined Space Rescue Hazardous Atmosphere Fall Risk Mechanical Hazards Flooding or Engulfment Potential
10. 10. Rescue PreliminariesRescue Preliminaries Rescue helmet and gloves to be worn at all times Smart 4 rolled down to Long 4 Ensure all surrounding hazards are cleared before approaching for victim for rescue
11. 11. Rescue PreliminariesRescue Preliminaries Make sure hands are tucked into the belt and legs are crossed
12. 12. Rescue Action Plan Casualty Assessment & Care 1. Approach with care 2. If atmosphere is safe, begin primary assessment 3. If atmosphere is unsafe, do not enter 4. Ensure personal safety first
13. 13. Emergency Evacuation Methods Forward Drag (Rescue Crawl or Neck Drag ) Cross Chest Method Collar Pull Leg Pull Blanket
14. 14. Forward Drag Method (Casualty without injured hand) 1) Tie the arms of the casualty securely at both wrists with triangular bandages 2) Kneel astride 3) Pass your head through the arms of the casualty 4) Straighten your arms to lift casualty 5) Drag casualty out by crawling and pushing your feet
15. 15. Forward Drag Method (Casualty with injured hand) 1) Using belt, rope or bandage, slide it under the arc of casualtys body near armpits 2) Kneel astride 3) Pass loop over your head 4) Straighten your arms to lift casualty 5) Drag casualty out by crawling and pushing your feet
16. 16. Cross Chest Method 1) Lift casualty to a sitting position 2) Sit behind casualty with both legs apart 3) Place casualtys hands crossed across chest with fingers on shoulders 4) Insert your arm under the casualtys armpit and hold the outer arm of the casualty 5) Drag casualty out backwards
17. 17. Cross Chest Method 1) Lift casualty to a sitting position 2) Sit behind casualty with both legs apart 3) Place casualtys hands crossed across chest with fingers on shoulders 4) Insert your arm under the casualtys armpit and hold the outer arm of the casualty 5) Drag casualty out backwards
18. 18. Collar Pull Method Only used when previous methods are deemed unsuitable Always ensure that casualtys head is placed in the direction of the exit
19. 19. Collar Pull Method Make sure your arms support the casualty head at all times. Your hand should grab the collar and not his neck
20. 20. Leg Pull Method Only used as a last resort in very confined spaces under life- threatening situations Ensure that casualtys legs are placed in the direction of the exit Legs Crossed and hands on the thigh area Be sure to pull both legs at the same time, with equal force
21. 21. Leg Pull Method Make sure to place a soft padding and secure with a bandage under the casualty head if possible 1. Pull Casualty 2. Slide/Push your backwards 3. Pull Casualty Again 4. Repeat Steps 1- 3 until casualty is rescued
22. 22. Blanket Method (Blanket Preparation)
23. 23. Blanket Method (Blanket Preparation)
24. 24. Blanket Method
25. 25. Ensure proper safety at all times Follow proper procedures Do not rush into the venue Do not try rescuing alone Call back-up Standby team to help/assist Ensure proper ventilation of area Stay alert Safety Precautions
26. 26. Conclusion Confined space rescue is a dangerous activity Always ensure personnel performing confined space rescue are well equipped and prepared for operation