22.4 the american revolution enlightenment ideas
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22.4 The American 22.4 The American RevolutionRevolution
Enlightenment ideas help Enlightenment ideas help spur the American colonies to spur the American colonies to shed British rule and create a shed British rule and create a
new nation.new nation.
Britain and Its American ColoniesBritain and Its American Colonies
The American Colonies GrowThe American Colonies Grow American colonies grow large and American colonies grow large and
populous during the 1600s and 1700spopulous during the 1600s and 1700s Colonies thrive economically through Colonies thrive economically through
trade with Europetrade with Europe Britain’s Navigation Act restricts that trade Britain’s Navigation Act restricts that trade
(1651)(1651) Other trade laws add restrictions and taxesOther trade laws add restrictions and taxes
Colonists identify less and less as Colonists identify less and less as British subjectsBritish subjects
Americans Win Americans Win IndependenceIndependence
British-Colonial Tensions AriseBritish-Colonial Tensions Arise Britain and American colonies win the Britain and American colonies win the
French and Indian War in 1763French and Indian War in 1763 Britain taxes colonists to help pay the war Britain taxes colonists to help pay the war
debtsdebts Colonists argue that British cannot tax Colonists argue that British cannot tax
them without their consentthem without their consent
Americans Win Americans Win IndependenceIndependence
Growing Hostility Leads to WarGrowing Hostility Leads to War Colonists protest tea tax with “Boston Colonists protest tea tax with “Boston
Tea Party” in 1773Tea Party” in 1773 Colonists meet in Philadelphia to Colonists meet in Philadelphia to
address British policies (1774)address British policies (1774) British and Americans exchange fire at British and Americans exchange fire at
Lexington and Concord in 1775Lexington and Concord in 1775
Americans Win Americans Win IndependenceIndependence
The Influence of the EnlightenmentThe Influence of the Enlightenment Colonial leaders push for independence, Colonial leaders push for independence,
rely on Enlightenment ideasrely on Enlightenment ideas Declaration of Independence—Declaration of Independence—
document justifying colonial rebelliondocument justifying colonial rebellion Leader Thomas Jefferson writes Leader Thomas Jefferson writes
Declaration, uses ideas of John LockeDeclaration, uses ideas of John Locke
Americans Win Americans Win IndependenceIndependence
Success for the ColonistsSuccess for the Colonists Despite British military might, colonists Despite British military might, colonists
have advantages:have advantages: Motivating cause of freedomMotivating cause of freedom French assistanceFrench assistance War’s expense for BritainWar’s expense for Britain
British surrender at Yorktown in 1781; British surrender at Yorktown in 1781; colonists win the warcolonists win the war
Americans Create a Americans Create a RepublicRepublic A Weak National GovernmentA Weak National Government
Articles of Confederation set Articles of Confederation set government plan for new republicgovernment plan for new republic
Articles create legislature only, no Articles create legislature only, no executive or judicial branchesexecutive or judicial branches
Result is weak national government Result is weak national government that fails to provide unity and orderthat fails to provide unity and order
Americans Create a Americans Create a RepublicRepublic
A New ConstitutionA New Constitution Leaders call Constitutional Convention Leaders call Constitutional Convention
in 1787 to revise articlesin 1787 to revise articles Group instead creates a new Group instead creates a new
government under U.S. Constitutiongovernment under U.S. Constitution Constitution contains many political Constitution contains many political
ideas of the Enlightenmentideas of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment Ideas and Enlightenment Ideas and the Constitutionthe Constitution
Americans Create a Americans Create a RepublicRepublic The Federal SystemThe Federal System
Constitution creates three branches of governmentConstitution creates three branches of government Provides checks and balances—ensures branches Provides checks and balances—ensures branches
share power equallyshare power equally Promotes federal system—power divided between Promotes federal system—power divided between
nation and statesnation and states The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights
Some fear too much national power, few Some fear too much national power, few protections of rightsprotections of rights
Leaders win support for Constitution by adding a Leaders win support for Constitution by adding a Bill of RightsBill of Rights
Ten amendments to Constitution that protect freedomsTen amendments to Constitution that protect freedoms