22@ barcelona

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDE FOR 22@ INNOVATION DISTRICT OF BARCELONA

APPROACHDefining the process adopted for creating the sustainability guide.

ApproachDefining the process adopted for creating the sustainability guide.

Goals Defining the goals of the sustainability guide

Analytical ScenariosThree study models to analyse the existing conditions

CritiqueCritique of the existing zoning regulations and byelaws

CREATING SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES FOR 22@ INNOVATION DISTRICT, BARCELONA

RecommendationsProposal for 22@ sustainability guidelines

Experimental ScenariosDeveloping a new urban form based on proposed guidelines

Rules InteractionCombining and testing proposed rules to achieve a larger goal

VisualizationsComparison of existing conditons to potential new development

22@ SUSTAINABILITY GUIDE4

APPROACH

In our visits both the 22@ and Eixample, we observed a very stark difference in the character of the public realm.

UNDERSTANDING THE 22@ DISTRICT


APPROACH




APPROACH

COMPREHENDING THE EXISTING BYLAWS

0.2Special Infrastructure Plan Use

@ Activities

Social Housing

Special Infrastructure PlanBonus

Base IntensityIndex

Total

0.2

0.5

0.3

2.0

3.2

In the 22@ district the primary control for development is the regulation of the FAR.


APPROACH

3.0

2.7

2.2

2.0

Build

ings m

2 ceilin

g / m

2 land

La

nd O

ccupa

tion

Industrial UsesPGM’76

Productive Uses22@ Plan

Social Housing

Social Housing Open Space 7@

@ Activities

100%Industrial Uses

PGM’76

70%Productive Uses

PGM’76

COMPREHENDING THE EXISTING BYLAWS

In order to get the maximum FAR there are also regulation for the creation of additional uses, such as social housing and 7@ public activities


APPROACH

INTERPRETING THE DISTRICT PLANNING


APPROACH

For passive solar heating face most of the glass area south to maximize winter sun exposure, but design overhangs to fully shade in summer.

SOUTH

GENERATING SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES


APPROACH

Trees (neither conifer or deciduous) should not be planted in front of passive solar windows, but are fine beyond 45 degrees from each corner.


SOUTH

Do Not Violate Solar Access

45’ 45’


APPROACH

Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes.



APPROACH

Keep the building small, because excessive floor area wastes heating and cooling energy.



APPROACH

Sunny wind- protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather (seasonal sun rooms, enclosed patios, courtyards, or verandahs)


GOALSDefining the goals of the sustainability guide.

GOALS1. Strengthen the connection between 22@ district and Eixample2. Foster Social Equity3. Encourage a variety of economic activity, with a focus on technology, design, and

research4. Minimize the environmental impact, both of development and operation


GOALS

Encourage walkability within the district of 22@, and require an active focus on the public realm design within the district.

STRENGTHEN THE CONNECTION BETWEEN 22@ DISTRICT AND EIXAMPLE


GOALS

Encourage mixed-use development, both horizontally and vertically.


Social Housing

FacilitiesCommercial

Market Residential

OfficeHotel


GOALS

Encourage smaller scale development with a focus on buildings forming a strong street wall.



GOALS

FOSTER SOCIAL EQUITY

Encourage a mixing of incomes of the residents of 22@.

7@


GOALS


Enhance the benefit of the 7@ uses to the community.

7@


GOALS


Create employment opportunities for residents.

7@


GOALS

ENCOURAGE A VARIETY OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, WITH A FOCUS ON TECHNOLOGY, DESIGN, AND RESEARCH Preserve the small scale character of existing commercial.


GOALS

ENCOURAGE A VARIETY OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, WITH A FOCUS ON TECHNOLOGY, DESIGN, AND RESEARCH Allow large companies the ability to develop offices not suitable elsewhere.


GOALS

MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, BOTH OF DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION

Encourage reuse of water from captured precipitation.


GOALS


Encourage passive design strategies and relying on renewable forms as a major energy source.


GOALS


Induce a successful material economy that is non-toxic, transparent, socially and environmentally equitable.

ANALYTICALSCENARIOSThree study models to analyze the existing conditions.


ANALYTICAL SCENARIOS

URBAN REGULATIONS STUDY AREA



ANALYTICAL STUDY MODELS

Public Realm Model: The public realm model aims to continue the Eixample character into the 22@ district and generate a vibrant mix of uses that enhances the neighborhood character of the district.

Preservation Model: This model aims to preserve the small scale character of the existing 22@ parcels and generate diversity in the uses for the district.

Passive Strategy Model: The strategy aims to maximize solar gain and minimizing shadows on respective blocks.



‘PUBLIC REALM’ STUDY MODEL

◦ Formal coherence and focus on the public realm

◦ Optimization of street wall definition ◦ Optimize walkability



‘PRESERVATION’ STUDY MODEL

◦ Focus on preservation and mixed-use ◦ Emphasis on diversity of scale ◦ Development following existing parcel

structure



‘PASSIVE STRATEGY’ STUDY MODEL

◦ Optimization of passive strategies and focus on large scale uses



Public Realm Model:The public realm model focuses on a public space oriented design that maximizes the street wall definition and generates a walkable neighborhood.

Preservation Model:Focus on mixed-use character with an emphasis on the diversity of uses aimed at supporting small scale businesses that can draw a varied social scale of users.

Passive Strategy Model:A solar envelope from 9 am to 3 pm preserves the availability of light in each of the blocks.

ANALYTICAL STUDY MODELS

CRITIQUESCritique of the existing zoning regulations and bylaws.


CRITIQUES

THE BARCELONA 22@ DISTRICT IS CURRENTLY IN A STATE OF RAPID TRANSITION REGULATED BY THE BLOCK BASED URBAN RULES


CRITIQUES

PRESERVATION


CRITIQUES

NO DISTRICT PRESERVATION

Preservation towards individual buildings rather than district character.


CRITIQUES


“The minimum area of transformation action, regarding the application of the regulations, is 60% of the range of the planning.”

Threshold of ownership at 60% and lack of an incentive for preservation tends to encourage demolition of entire blocks.


CRITIQUES


Threshold for transformation requires large scale parcel consolidation resulting to a loss of diversity in scale of development, ownership and economic activity.


CRITIQUES

SCALE OF DEVELOPMENT


CRITIQUES

RULES ENCOURAGE LARGE SCALE DEVELOPMENTS

Scale of buildings create a disconnected neighborhood.


CRITIQUES

RULES ENCOURAGE LARGE SCALE DEVELOPMENTS

Demolition leading to a loss of small scale affordable spaces.


CRITIQUES

MIXING OF USES


CRITIQUES

Rules allow, and in some cases mandate, single use buildings.

DEVELOPMENT IS NOT MIXED USE ENOUGH

“Assignment of plot ratio of 0.3 sq.m gross floor area/sq.m land for social housing.”


CRITIQUES


The method of open space requirement for market rate housing discourages their construction. It encourages tower forms by requiring open space as density increases.

“Assignment of 31 square meters of land per each 100 square meters of residential gross floor area, 18 square meters would be for green zones.”


CRITIQUES


Existing BuildingStreetsBlocks

Planned BuildingsMarketSocial

CommercialHotel

OfficeIndustrialFacilities

Open SpacePreservation

Existing BuildingStreetsBlocks

Planned BuildingsMarketSocial

CommercialHotel

OfficeIndustrialFacilities

Open SpacePreservationInadequate retail activities generated due

to the low density of housing.


CRITIQUES

PUBLIC REALM


CRITIQUES

LACK OF DEFINITION AND ACTIVITYIN THE PUBLIC REALM

A maximum height limit along the perimeter creates a poorly defined street wall and encourages mid-block tower forms.

Height Limit

Actual Height


CRITIQUES


A maximum height limit along the perimeter creates a poorly defined street wall and encourages mid-block tower forms.

Unlimited height of tower


CRITIQUES

Loss of corners as a defined moment within the public realm.

LACK OF DEFINITION AND ACTIVITY IN THE PUBLIC REALM


CRITIQUES


Rules lead to large single uses on the public frontage.

Concession of an area of land equivalent to 10% of the scope of the project, destined to community amenities.


CRITIQUES

SUSTAINABILITY


CRITIQUES

LACK OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE METRIC

Environmental performance metrics could be more robust, with the exception of renewable energy.

RECOMMENDATIONSProposal for 22@ Sustainability guidelines.


RECOMMENDATIONS

DEVELOP PLAN THAT RELATES BUILDING TO THE DISTRICT PUBLIC REALM & OPEN SPACE


RECOMMENDATIONS



RECOMMENDATIONS


The current open space plan that has been created for 22@ is not being followed in the execution of development.


RECOMMENDATIONS

PRESERVATION AT VARYING SCALES


RECOMMENDATIONS

INCENTIVIZE PRESERVATION AT VARYING SCALES

Encourage preserving district’s architectural character and scale of ownership through reuse. Consider creating a process for transfer of development rights allowing unused FAR on historic properties to be permanently sold and built on parcels on adjacent blocks.


RECOMMENDATIONS

INCENTIVIZE PRESERVATION AT VARYING SCALES

Reduce requirement for the FAR bonus from 100% to 75% of the block to preserve existing buildings.

75%


RECOMMENDATIONS

SMALLER SCALE DEVELOPMENT


RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommend buildings use vertical articulation to break up perceived scale of development.

CONSTRAIN DEVELOPMENTS TO A SMALLER SCALE


RECOMMENDATIONS


Standardize a minimum functional entry space every 9 meters for mixed use developments and 22 meters for non-mixed use developments.

9m 9m

22m

Mixed use

Non-mixed use


RECOMMENDATIONS


Require 50% of the building mass to be under 12 meters.

50%

50%

50%


RECOMMENDATIONS

MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT


RECOMMENDATIONS

ENCOURAGE MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT BOTH HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY

Remove the 10% footprint requirement for social housing and instead require it in the form of 0.1 FAR.


RECOMMENDATIONS

Require 25% open space by block, replacing the 10% public open space requirement.

25%



RECOMMENDATIONS

Implement a minimum ground floor retail frontage of 35%.

35%



RECOMMENDATIONS

ACTIVE PUBLIC REALM


RECOMMENDATIONS

IMPROVE THE DEFINITION AND ACTIVITY OF THE PUBLIC REALM

Replace 10% footprint requirement with an FAR requirement for 7@ uses.


RECOMMENDATIONS


Enforce a minimum building perimeter height of 9 meters.


RECOMMENDATIONS


Constrain all openings, vehicular entrances, and open spaces to 28 meters along the perimeter from the corner of the block.

28m 28m


RECOMMENDATIONS


Require 60% ground floor transparency.


RECOMMENDATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY METRICS


RECOMMENDATIONS

CREATE AN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY METRICS

2 HRS

Bylaws should limit all new development from casting shadow for more than 2 hours a day on adjacent buildings.


RECOMMENDATIONS


80%

80% of storm water generated within a block should be recycled.


RECOMMENDATIONS


80% of the open space within the block should have porous paved/unpaved surface.

80%

EXPERIMENTAL SCENARIOSDeveloping a new urban form based on proposed guidelines


EXPERIMENTAL SCENARIOS

TESTING SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES

RULES INTERACTIONCombining and testing proposed rules to achieve a larger goal


RULES INTERACTION

REGULATING THE SCALE OF DEVELOPMENT

1. Enforce a minimum building perimeter height of 9 meters.


RULES INTERACTION



2. Require 50% of the building mass to be under 12 meters.


RULES INTERACTION





RULES INTERACTION

CREATING A MIXED USE BLOCK

1. Remove the 10% footprint requirement for social housing.

2. Require 25% open space by block.3. Implement a minimum ground floor

retail frontage of 35%.1

23

Market Residential

Social Housing

22@ / Office

7@ / Public Uses

Commerical

Open Space


RULES INTERACTION



retail frontage of 35%.

1

2

3


Market Residential

Social Housing

22@ / Office

7@ / Public Uses

Commerical

Open Space


RULES INTERACTION



retail frontage of 35%.1

2

3


Market Residential

Social Housing

22@ / Office

7@ / Public Uses

Commerical

Open Space


RULES INTERACTION

1. Encourage preserving district’s architectural character and scale of ownership through reuse.

2. Reduce requirement for the FAR bonus from 100% to 75% of the block to preserve existing buildings.

PRESERVING EXISTING URBAN FABRIC


RULES INTERACTION





RULES INTERACTION


1 hour of shadow between 9am and 3pm

2 hours of shadow between 9am and 3pm






REGULATING SOLAR ACCESS


RULES INTERACTION











RULES INTERACTION

REGULATION OF STREET ARTICULATION

35%Retail

9m minimum perimeter height

Preserved Building9 M functional entry space

60% Transparency

Vertical articulation

50% of mass below 12m

VISUALIZATIONSComparison of existing conditons to potential new development


VISUALIZATIONS

22@ barcelona

Documents