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How 20th century replaces Research with 21st Century.

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Page 1: 21st century

Name of PresentationCompany Name

Page 2: 21st century

RESEARCH IN

21ST CENTURY

Presented by :HAREEM AKHTAR

MBA(M)Presented to :

MIRZA AMIN UL HAQ

Page 3: 21st century

TERM RESEARCH

The term ‘Research’ consists of two wordsRe + Search

‘Re’ means again and again ‘Search’ means to find out something.

It is a careful ,critical inquiry

andexamination for seeking

facts.

It is not merely asearch for truth,but a prolonged,

Intensive and purposeful

search.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ghar4u.com/newimages/ContentImages/research.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ghar4u.com/articles/viewarticles.php?articleid=1&h=315&w=350&sz=24&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=Qw98QXvm2r6fFM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=120&prev=/images?q=research&gbv=2&hl=en&sa=G
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DEFINITIONSFrancis G. Cornell: “To be sure the best research is that which is

reliable verifiable and exhaustive, so that it provides information in which we have confidence. The main point here is that research is, literally speaking, a kind of human behavior, an activity in which people engage. By this definition all intelligent human behavior involves some research.”

Rusk: “Research is a point of view, an attitude of inquiry or a frame of mind. It asks questions which have hitherto not been asked, and it seeks to answer them by following a fairly definite procedure.”

V. Redman and A.V.H. Mory: “Research is a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.”

Page 5: 21st century

Title•Research has moved during this century from the periphery to the centre of our

social and economic life.

•Research simply seeks the answer of certain questions which have not been answered so far and the answers depend upon human efforts. For e.g. Moon

•Research is oriented towards the discovery of relationship that exists among phenomena of the world in which we live.

•The fundamental assumption is that invariant relationship exists between certain antecedents and certain consequents so that under a specific set of

conditions a certain consequents can be expected to follow the introduction of a given antecedent.

Page 6: 21st century

PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

•A key motive for research is to develop better understandings and to investigate approaches to measuring the value of educational technologies.

•To undertake an international meta-analysis of the findings.

•The purpose of research is to discover answers through the application of scientific procedures.

Page 7: 21st century

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

1. It gathers new knowledge or data from primary or first-hand sources or using existing data for a new purpose.2. It places emphasis upon the discovery of general principles.3. Research requires expertise i.e., skill necessary to carryout investigation, search

the related literature and to understand and analyze the data gathered.4. It is an exact systematic and accurate investigation.5. It uses certain valid data gathering devices.6. It is logical and objective.7. The researcher resists the temptation to seek only the data that support his

hypotheses.8. The researcher eliminates personal feelings and preferences.9. Research is carefully recorded and reported.

Page 8: 21st century

SOURCES OF RESEARCHIN 21ST CENTURY

The routine jobs of yesterday are being replaced by technology. The modern workplace requires managers/

students /teachers and researchers to have broad cognitive and affective skills. Often referred to as 21st century skills, these skills include being able to solve complex problems, to think critically about tasks, to

effectively communicate with people from a variety of different cultures and using a variety of different

techniques, to work in collaboration with others, to adapt to rapidly changing environments and conditions

Through the modern technological devices young people are able to compete effectively in the

21st Century global economy.

Page 9: 21st century

SCOPE / SIGNIFICANCE OFRESEARCH

It throws light on risks and uncertainty and identify alternative courses of action

It helps in economic use of resources and also helps in project identification

For students, research means a careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure.

For professionals in research, it may mean a source of livelihood.

For philosophers and thinkers, research means the outlet for new ideas and insights.

For literary men and women, research means development of new styles and creative work.

For analysts and intellectuals, research means generalizations of new theories.

Page 10: 21st century

TYPES OF RESEARCH

Descriptive vs Analytical Research

Descriptive Research is a fact finding investigation which is aimed at describing the characteristics of individual, situation or a group (or) describing the state of affairs as it exists at present.

Analytical Research is primarily concerned with testing hypothesis and specifying and interpreting relationships, by analyzing the facts or information already available.

Page 11: 21st century

Contd.. Applied vs Fundamental Research

Applied Research or Action Research is carried out to find solution to a real life problem requiring an action or policy decision.

Fundamental Research which is also known as basic or pure research is undertaken for the sake of knowledge without any intention to apply it in practice.

It is undertaken out of intellectual curiosity and is not necessarily problem-oriented.

Page 12: 21st century

Contd..

Conceptual vs Empirical Research

Conceptual Research is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.

Empirical Research is a data based research which depends on experience or observation alone. It is aimed at coming up with conclusions without due regard for system and theory.

Page 13: 21st century

SOME OTHER TYPES OF RESEARCH

One-time Research – Research confined to a single time period. Longitudinal Research – Research carried on over several time

periods. Diagnostic Research – It is also called clinical research which

aims at identifying the causes of a problem, frequency with which it occurs and the possible solutions for it.

Exploratory Research – It is the preliminary study of an unfamiliar problem, about which the researcher has little or no knowledge. It is aimed to gain familiarity with the problem, to generate new ideas or to make a precise formulation of the problem. Hence it is also known as formulative research.

Page 14: 21st century

Contd.. Experimental Research – It is designed to assess the

effect of one particular variable on a phenomenon by keeping the other variables constant or controlled.

Historical Research – It is the study of past records and other information sources, with a view to find the origin and development of a phenomenon and to discover the trends in the past, in order to understand the present and to anticipate the future.

Page 15: 21st century

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