215911799 japanese vocabulary

8/12/2019 215911799 Japanese Vocabulary

1/18

Japanese Vocabulary related to Calendar

Month

Month

Week

day of a week

Gatsu/ GestuIchigatsu

NigatsuSangatsuShigatsu

Gogatsu

RokugatsuNanagatsu/ Shichigatsu

Hachigatsu

KugatsuJyugatsu

Jyuichigatsu

Jyunigatsu

JanuaryFebruary

MarchAprilMay

June

JulyAugust

September

ctober

No!ember

"ecember

#oubiShyuu

NichiyoubiGetsuyoubiKaiyoubi

Suiyoubi

Mokuyoubi

Kinyoubi

"oyoubi

$eek

Sun%ayMon%ay&ues%ay

$e%nes%ay

&hurs%ayFri%ay

Satur%ay

Vocabulary related to family &

Relations

haha'kaasan ' Mother(hichi'tousan ' Father

Sobo'baasan ' Gran%mother

So)u'*iisan ' Gran%)atherImouto'Imoutosan ' #ounger Sister

touto'toutosan ' #ounger +rother

Ani'niisan ' ,l%er +rother

Ane'neesan ' ,l%er SisterMusume'Musumesan ' "uaghter

Musuko'Musukosan ' Son*i'*isan' -ncle

ba'basan' Aunt

&suma'kusan' $i)e

tto 'Goshyu*in' Husban%

Vocabulary for Colors

Iro . (olorAkai . Re%

Aoi . +lue

Shiroi . $hiteKuroi . +lack

Kiiroi . #ello

(hyairo . +ron

Haiiro ' Grey"ai%aiiro . range

Mi%ori . GreenKimi%ori . 0ight Green

Mi1uiro . 0ight +lue

Murasaki . 2urple

Momoiro ' 2ink

Vocabulary for Direction or Location

-e . -p

Shita . "onKoko . HereSoko . &here

Asoko . &hat o!er there

Migi . Right

Hi%ari . 0e)t&onari . +esi%es3 Ne4t to

Mae . Front

-shiro . +ehin%

(hikai . Nearby#oko . Si%e

&ooi . FarMasuugu . StraightHigashi . ,ast

Nishi . $est

Minami . South

Kita . North


2/18

Vocabulary for Food

Ryori . )oo%Shyoku*i . Meal

Gohan . (ooke% Rice/ Meal

Asagohan . +reak)astHirugohan . 0unch

+angohan . "inner

#asai . 5egetable

Ku%amono . Fruits

&oriniku . (hicken+utaniku . 2ork

Gyuniku . +ee)

Gyunyu . Milk&abemono . ,atables

Nomimono . "rinkables

Vocabulary related to Rooms

"ai%okoro . Kitchen

Ima . 0i!ing roomShinshitsu . +e%room

Heya . Room

Genkan . ,ntrance

&oire . +athroom

Kabe . $all

&en*ou . (eiling

Nia . Gar%en#uka . Floor

Ma%o . $in%o

Vocabulary related to ime

&okei . $atch

Ji . 6clock/ HourJihan . Hal) an Hour

Jikan . &ime "uration

Fun/+un/2un . Minutes

Gogo . p7mGo1en . a7m

Asa . Morning

Hiru . A)ternoon+an . ,!ening

#oru . Night

Kesa . &o%ay MorningAshita . &omorro

Kyou . &o%ay

Kinou . #ester%ay

Assatte . "ay a)ter tomorrototoi . "ay be)ore yester%ay

Vocabulary related to Weather

&enki . (limate#ouhou . Forecast

Hare . Sunny

Kumori . (lou%y

n%o . &emperature#uki . Sno

Ame . Rain

Kaminari . &hun%erKiri . Fog

Ka1e . $in%

Arashi . Storm

Vocabulary related to Vehicle

"enshya . &rainShinkansen . +ullet &rain

Jitensha . +icycle

Sanrinsha . &rycycle

Kuruma ' (arJi%ousha . (ar

&akushi . &a4i

otobai . Motorcycle(hikatetsu . Subay

Hikouki . Airplane

Fune . ShipKisha . Steam &rain

Hansen . Sailing +oat


3/18

Vocabulary related to famili &

Relations

Ko%omo . (hil%

Ryoushin . 2arentsKa1oku . Family

Kyou%ai . siblings

Shinseki . Relati!esItoko . (ousin

Vocabulary for the seasons

Shiki . Four Seasons o) Japan

Haru . Spring

Natsu . SummerAki . Autumn

Fuyu . $inter

Vocabulary for !ody "arts

Kara%a .+o%y

Me . ,ye

Atama . Hea%Mimi . ,ar

Kami . Hair#ubi . Finger

Kao . Face

Mayu . ,yebroHitai . Forehea%

Mabuta . ,yeli%

Mastuge . ,yelash

Kuchi . MounthHana . Nose

Ha . &eeth

Kuchibiru . 0ipNo%o . &hroat

Shita . &ongue

Ago . JaKata . Shoul%er

-%e . Arm

Kubi . Neck

&e . Han%Hi*i ' ,lbo

&sume . Nail

Mune . (hestnaka . Stomach

Senaka . +ack

Hi1a . KneeAshikubi . Anckle

Ashi . Foot3 0eg

Kakato . Heel

&sumashi . &oe

Japanese Vocabulary for Dates

Nichi . "ay/ "ate

&suitachi . 8stFutsuka . 9n%

Mikka . :r%#okka . ;th

Itsuka . th

#ouka . ?th

Kokonoka . @th

&ooka . 8thJyuuichinichi . 88th

Jyuuninichi . 89th

Jyuusannichi . 8:thJyuuyokka . 8;th

Jyuugonichi . 8th

Jyuuhachinichi . 8?th

Jyuukunichi . 8@th

Hatsuka . 9thNi*yuuichinichi . 98st

Ni*yuuninichi . 99n%

Ni*yuusannichi . 9:r%Ni*yuuyokka . 9;th

Ni*yuugonichi . 9th

Ni*yuuhachinichi . 9?th

Ni*yuukunichi . 9@th


4/18

San*yuunichi . :th

San*yuuichinichi . :8st

Japanese Vocabulary for #nimals

"oubutsu . Animals&ori . +ir%s

Neko . (at

Inu . "og+uta . 2ig

Kaba . Hippopotamus

Ne1umi . Mouse

Bou . ,lephantHitsu*i . Sheep

Kirin . Gira))e

Kuma . +ear

Kitsune . Fo4

Raion . 0ionokami . $ol)

Saru . Monkey

Raku%a . (amelShika . %eer

Risu . SCuirrel

&ora . &igerShimauma . Bebra

-shi . (o

-ma . Horse

-sagi . Rabbit#agi goat

Sakana . Fish

Vocabulary for

Isha . "octorSensei . &eacher

Kenchikuka . Architect

,n*inia . ,ngineer"aiku . (arpenter

Gei*utsuka . Artist

Kokku . (he)

Ginkouin . +ankerShouboushi . Fireman

Noumin . Farmer

Jaanarisuto . JournalistKaishain . ))ice ,mployee

Ryoushi . Fisherman

+engoshi . 0ayerKoumuin . Go!ernment ,mployee

Kango)u . Female Nurse

Kyou*u . 2ro)essor

Gaka . 2ainterSei*ika . 2olitician

Sarariman . Salarie% ,mployee

Keikan . 2olice manKagakusha . Scientist

Shashinka . 2hotographer

Gakusei . Stu%entSakka . $riter

&enin . Store (lerk

Misein . Shopkeeper

Hisho . Secretary


5/18

Demonstrati$e "ronouns

Kore Dko'reE &his

Sore Dso'reE &hat

Are Da'reE &hat o!er there

Kore is use% )or things in your territory7

In other or%s3 things3 hich you cansee3 touch an% )eel3 are in%icate% by this

pronoun7

Sore is use% )or things in other6s

territory7 In other or%s3 things3 hichyou cannot touch but are near an% can be

seen clearly are in%icate% by this

pronoun7

Are is use% )or things outsi%e both yourterritories7 In other or%s3 things3 hich

cannot be touche% an% may be seen at a

!ery )ar %istance or may not be seen butthe person has knole%ge o) its

e4istence are shon by this pronoun7

"o you get the i%ea I) you %o3 you can

un%erstan% hose eating tako Dta'ko

octopusE3 ho6s eating ika Di'ka sCupi%E3an% ho6s eating ebi De'bi shrimpE at

the restaurant in the )olloing %ialogue

Sore a ika %esu ka7 DIs that sCui%E

Iie3 kore a tako %esu7 Sore a ika %esuka7 DNo3 this one is octopus7 Is that

sCui%E Hai3 kore a ika %esu7 D#es this

is sCui%7E

Jya3 are an nan %esu ka7 Dk then3 hatis that o!er thereE

Are a ebi %esu7 D&hat o!er there is

shrimp7E

Kono Dko'noE &his

Sono Dso'noE &hat

Ano Da'noE &hat o!er there

Ko/no/ sono/ Ano are knon as"emonstrati!e nouns7 &he basic

%i))erence beteen the use o) Kore/

Sore/ Are an% Kono/ Sono/ Ano is as)ollos

Kono/ Sono/ Ano is use% to hen

e talk about a particular thing

or ob*ect7 It gi!es importance to

only 8 thing7 $hereas3 Kore/Sore/ Are is use% to point out

things7 It is use% hen e talk

about ob*ects in a generali1e%ay7 0ook at the )olloing

e4ample

Kore a hon %esu7 D&his is a

book7E Kono hon a nihongo no

%esu7 D&his book is o) Japanese

language7E

In the )irst sentence3 e are pointingout a book7 Here e are not

speci)ying anything else about the

book or in other or%s3 e are notgi!ing any importance to the book7

n the other han%3 in the secon%

statement e are speci)ying that thebook is o) Japanese language only7

Kore/ Sore/ Are is use% only

hen e are talking about some

ob*ect or thing7 n the otherhan%3 Kono/ Sono/ Ano is use%)or both people an% ob*ects7

Kore/ Sore/ Are is imme%iately

)olloe% by either a or gaparticle7 Kono/ Sono/ Ano is

)olloe% by a common noun7


6/18

For e4ample

Kore a kuruma %esu7 D&his is a

car7E

Kono kuruma a akai %esu7

D&his is a re% car7E


7/18

Verb %ru #nd #ru

&o tell someone that you ha!e or possess something3 use the !erbs iru Dee'rooE an% aru

Dah'rooE7 +oth mean to e4ist3 hich shos possession in Japanese7 #ou choose the !erbaccor%ing to hether the item you possess is animate or inanimate

Iru shos possession o) animate items3 such as people an% animals7

Aru is )or inanimate items3 such as books3 money3 plants3 an% houses7

So I ha!e a boy)rien% is $atashi a boi)uren%o ga iru Dah'tah'shee ah bohh'ee')oo'rehn'%oh gah ee'rooE3 hich literally means As )or me3 a boy)rien% e4ists7 Similarly3

Alison has money is Alison a okane ga aru Dah'ree'sohn ah oh'kah'neh gah ah'rooE3

hich literally means As )or Alison3 money e4ists7

$hen speaking in a polite/neutral conte4t3 use the polite )orm o) these !erbs3 imasu Dee'

mah'sooE an% arimasu Dah'ree'mah'sooE3 both o) hich are con*ugate% here7 Iru is a ru'!erb3 but aru is slightly irregular pay close attention to the negati!e )orm7

Form "ronunciation

iru ee'roo

inai ee'nah'ee

i ee

ite ee'teh

Form "ronunciation

aru ah'roo

nai nah'ee

ari ah'ree

atte aht'teh

Here are a )e e4amples o) ha!ing an% not ha!ing

ima 'a arimasen(Dhee'mah gah ah'ree'mah'sehn I %ont ha!e )ree time7E "etto 'a imasu(Dpeht'toh gah ee'mah'soo I ha!e a pet7E

Watashi wa kyodai 'a imasen(Dah'tah'shee I ah kyohh'%ah'ee gah ee'mah'

sehn I %ont ha!e siblings7E

Chichi wa o)kane 'a arimasu(Dchee'chee ah oh'kah'neh gah ah'ree'mah'soo

My )ather has 8 money7E


8/18

alkin' about your re'ular acti$ities

&o e4press that you %o something regularly ' run3 play tennis3 go to ork3 an% so on ' use

the !erb that e4presses the acti!ity an% the !erb iru Dee'roo to e4istE3 in that or%er7 Makesure to con*ugate the !erb that e4presses ihe action in the te')orm7 DSee (hapter 9 )or

%etails oil the te')orm7E #ou can lea!e the !erb iru as it is or put it in the polite )orm3imasu Dee'mah'sooE7

For e4ample3 you can combine the !erbs hashiru Dhah'shee'roo to runE an% iru to gethashitte iru Dhah'sheet'teh ee'rooE or hashitte imasu Dhah'sheet'teh ee'mah'sooE7 +oth

phrases mean that someone runs regularly3 sort o) like saying3 I run an% e4ist e!ery %ay7

+e care)ul hashitte iru can also be interprete% as Im in the mi%%le o) running7 $hich

meaning the phrase takes on %epen%s on the conte4t7 I) you say mainichi Dmah'ee'nee'chee e!ery %ayE be)ore saying hashitte imasu3 you ob!iously mean a regular acti!ity I

run e!ery %ay7 I) you say ima Dee'mah noE3 you mean Im in the mi%%le o) running

no7 &he )olloing sentences e4press regular actions

*en wa mainichi pi+a o tabete imasu(Dkehn ah mah'ee'nee'chee pee'1ah oh

tah'beh'teh ee'mah'soo Ken eats pi11a e!ery %ay7E

,tdto wa kyonen kara dai'aku ni itte imasu(Doh'tohh'toh ah kyoh'nehn kah'

rah %ah'ee'gah'koo nee eet'teh ee'mah'soo My younger brother has been going

to college since last year7E

,tosan wa itsumo nete iru yo(Doh'tohh'sahn ah ee'tsoo'moh neh'teh ee'roo

yoh My %a% is alays sleeping7E

-hu.in wa maishu tenisu o shite imasu(Dshoo'*een ah mah'ee'shooo teh'nee'

soo oh shee'teh ee'mah'soo My husban% plays tennis e!ery eek7E

/i$in' out your contact information

A)ter chatting ith someone3 you may ant to contact him or her7 belo table lists the

in)ormation you may ant to collect7

Contact %nformation

Japanese "ronunciation ranslation

*usho *ooo'shoh a%%ress

%ena bango %ehn'ah bahn'gohh phone number %enshi meru a%oresu %ehn'shee mehh'roo ah'%oh'reh'soo e'mail a%%ress

)akkusu bango )ahk'koo'soo bahn'gohh )a4 number

,4changing meishi Dmehh'shee business car%sE is also a goo% i%ea7 &hese phrases are

use)ul hen e4changing contact in)ormation


9/18

Denshi meru de renraku shimasu(D%ehn'shee mehh'roo %eh rehn'rah'koo shee'

mah'soo Ill contact you !ia e'mail7E

Denwa ban'o wa nan desu fca(D%ehn'ah bahn'gohh ah nahn %eh'soo kah

$hats your telephone numberE

Denwa o shite kudasai(D%ehn'ah oh shee'teh koo'%ah'sah'ee 2lease call me7E

Jusho o oshiete kudasai(D*ooo'shoh oh oh'shee'eh'teh koo'%ah'sah'ee 2leasetell me your a%%ress7E

*ore wa watashi no meishi desu(Dkoh'reh ah ah'tah'shee noh mehh'shee

%eh'soo &his is my business car%7E

0okattara1 renraku kudasai(Dyoh'kaht'tah'rah3 rehn'rah'koo koo'%ah'sah'ee

Get in touch i) you like7E

2se ,f Verb Desu

0ike the ,nglish !erb to be3 %esu D%eh'sooE e4presses the i%entity or state o) people an%

things7 "esu is use% in a construction3 a # %esu D ah # %eh'soo is #E7 Instea%o) saying is #3 the Japanese say # is7 &he particle a DahE is the topic particle

%iscusse% earlier in this chapter7

"esu )ollos either a noun or an a%*ecti!e7 For e4ample3 toto a gakuse %esu Doh'tohh'

toh ah gah'koo'sehh %eh'sooE means My little brother is a stu%ent7 $atashi a genki%esu Dah'tah'shee ah gehn'kee %eh'sooE means I am )ine7 No you kno hy many

Japanese sentences en% in %esu7

(on*ugation'ise3 %esu %oesnt look like any other !erb7 &he reason is that %esu %i%ntstart out as a stan%'alone !erb7 It as the combination o) the particle %e3 the !erb aru Dah'roo to e4istE3 an% the polite su))i4 'masu7

&he table belo shos the patterns o) %esu7 &o help you see the point3 I use the same

noun gakuse Dgah'koo'sehh stu%entE in each e4ample7

Formal Form of 3oun "lus Desu


gakusei %esu gah'koo'sehh %eh'soo is a stu%ent

gakusei *a arimasen gah'koo'sehh *ah ah'ree'mah'sehn isnt a stu%ent

gakusei %eshita gah'koo'sehh %eh'shee'tah as a stu%ent

gakusei *a arimasen

%eshita

gah'koo'sehh *ah ah'ree'mah'sehn %eh'

shee'tah

asnt a

stu%ent


10/18

%nformal Form of 3oun "lus Desu

Japanese 2ronunciation &ranslation

gakusei %a gah'koo'sehh %ah is a stu%ent

gakusei *anai gah'koo'sehh *ah nah'ee isnt a stu%ent

gakusei %atta gah'koo'sehh %aht'tah as a stu%ent

gakusei *a nakatta gah'koo'sehh *ah nah'kaht'tah asnt a stu%ent

Ja D*ahE3 hich you see in the negati!e )orms in the abo!e &ables3 is the contraction o)

%ea D%eh'ahE7Most Japanese people use *a in e!ery%ay con!ersation3 but they use%ea occasionally7 +e prepare% to hear either one7

Makin' "olite43eutral Verb Forms

tabeni 5ru67eat8 miru5ru67watch8 nomu5u67drink8

Stem tabe mi nomi

A))irmati!e 2resent tabemasu mimasu nomimasu

Negati!e 2resent tabemasen mimasen nomimasen

A))irmati!e 2ast tabemashita mimashita nomimashita

Negati!e 2ast tabemasen %eshita mimasen %eshita nomimasen %eshita

Common Verb -uffi9es

Meanin'4Function -uffi9 :9ample ranslation

-uffi9es that Follow "lain4%nformal Forms

shoul% 'beki %esu taberu' beki %esu 8 shoul% eat7

probability '%esho taberu'%esho Ill probably eat7

possibility 'kamo

shiremasen

taberu' kamo

shiremasen

8 might eat7

person'hito taberu'hito

the person ho

eats

because 'kara taberu'kara because 8 eat

noun'maker 'koto taberu'koto the act o) eating

things 'mono taberu'mono things to eat

time 'toki taberu'toki hen 8 eat

intention 'tsumori %esu taberu'tsumori %esu 8 plan to eat7


11/18

-uffi9es that Follow -tem Forms

hile 'nagara tabe'nagara hile eatingpurpose 'ni tabe'ni in or%er to eat

%i))iculty 'nikui tabe'nikui Its har% to eat7

o!er%oing 'sugiru tabe'sugiru 8 o!ereat7

%esire 'tai tabe'tai 8 ant to eat7

-uffi9es that Follow e)forms

%oing a )a!or 'ageru tabete'ageru 8 eat )or you7

present per)ect 'aru tabete'aru 8 ha!e eaten7

present progressi!e 'iru tabete'iru 8 am eating7

reCuesting 'ku%asai tabete'ku%asai 2lease eat7

attempt 'miru tabete'miru Ill try to eat7

completion 'shimau tabete'shimau I )inish eating7

Japanese Vowel -ounds

Letter "ronunciation :n'lish Word

with the -ound

:9ample

a a aa obasan Do'ba'san auntE

a a ' obaasan Do'ba'san gran%motherE

e ee be% Seto Dse'to a city in JapanE

e ehh ' seto Dseh'to pupilE

i i )eet o*isan Do'*i'sanuncleE

ii ii ' o*isan Do'*i'i'san gran%)ather

o %ome tori Dto'ri bir%E

oo ' tori Dto'o'ri streetE

u u )oot yuki Dyu'ki snoE

u uu ' yuiki Dyu'i'ki courageE


12/18

In Japanese3 any to !oels can appear ne4t to each other in a or%7 #ou may hear them

as one !oel soun%3 but to the Japanese3 they soun% like to !oels7 For e4ample3 ai Dah'

ee lo!eE soun%s like one !oel ' the ,nglish i Das in eyeE ' but to the Japanese3 itsactually to !oels3 not one7 &he or% koi Dkoh'ee carpE soun%s like the one'syllable

,nglish or% coy3 but in Japanese3 koi is a to'syllable or%7

&able belo lists some other common !oel combinations7 Some o) them may soun%

a)ully similar to you3 but Japanese speakers hear them %i))erently7 &ry saying themalou% so that you can hear the %i))erences7

Vowel Combinations

Vowel Combination "ronunciation ranslation

Ai a'i lo!e

Mae ma'e )ront

Ao a'o blue

Au a'u meet

-e u'e up

Koi ko'i carp

Koe ko'e !oice

&he !oels i DeeE an% u DooE come out as a hisper hene!er they )all beteen the

consonant soun%s ch3 h3 k3 p3 s3 sh3 t3 an% ts or hene!er a or% en%s in this consonant'

!oel combination7 $hat %o those consonants ha!e in common &heyre hat linguistscall !oiceless3 meaning that they %ont make your !ocal cor%s !ibrate7 2ut your han%

o!er your !ocal cor%s an% say a !oiceless consonant like the k soun%7 &hen say a!oice% consonant like the g soun%7

Words with Whispered Vowels


Suketo Su'Ke'to skating

Kusai Ku'Sa'i stinky

Ashita A'Shi'ta tommoro

So %esu so'%u'su thats right

Words without Whispered Vowels


13/18


Sugoi Su'go'i ama1ing o

Kuni Ku'ni country

Kagu Ka'gu )urniture

Consonant sounds

Fortunately3 most Japanese consonants are pronounce% as they are in ,nglish7 &ablebelo %escribes the soun%s that you nee% to pay attention to7

Japanese Consonants Different from :n'lish

Consonant Description of the -ound :9amples

r Here you tap your tounge on the roo) o)

your mouth *ust once ' almost like an,nglish )'somehere beteen an ) an% an

h soun%7

raku%a Dra'ku'%a

camelE toca Dtoh'rah tigerE tori

Dtoh'ree bir%E

)A much so)ter soun% than the ,nglish )'

somehere beteen an ) an% an h soun%7

Make the soun% by bringing your lips closeto each other an% gently bloing air

through them7

Fu*isan D)oo'*ee'

sahn Mt7 Fu*iE

to)u Dtohh')oobean cur%E )u)u

D)u')u marrie%

coupleE

ts &he combination is har% to pronounce at

the beginning o) a or%3 as in tsunami3

although its easy anyhere else7 &rysaying the or% cats in your hea% an% then

saying tsunami7

tsunami Dtsoo'nah'

mee ti%al a!eE

tsuki Dtsu'ki themoonE

ry &he combination o) ran% yis %i))icult to

pronounce hen it occurs be)ore the !oel

o7 &ry saying ri DreeE an% then yo DyohE7Repeat many times an% gra%ually increase

the spee% until you can pronounce the to

soun%s simultaneously7 Remember that thersoun%s almost like a %m ,nglish7

ryo Dryohh

%ormitoryE ryokan

Dryo'kan Japanese'style innE

0ike most other languages3 Japanese has %ouble consonants7 #ou pronounce these %oubleconsonants ' pp3 tt3 kk3 an% ss ' as single consonants prece%e% by a brie) pause7 (heck out

the )olloing e4amples

kekkonDkehk'kohn marriageE


14/18

kippuDkeep'poo ticketsE

kitteDkeet'teh stampsE

massu'uDmahs'soo'goo straightE

"articles

"article ranslation /eneral Function :9ample

gaDgahE No ,nglish

eCui!alent

Speci)ies the sub*ect o) the

sentence

Jon ga kita7DJohn gah kee'tah John

came7E

oDohE No ,nglisheCui!alent

Speci)ies the %irect ob*ecto) the sentence

Mari ga Jon o sasotta7 Dmah'reeegah John oh sah'soht'tah Mary

in!ite% John7E

karaDkah'rahE )rom Speci)ies the starting pointo) the action

Ku'*i kara benkyo shita7 Dkoo'*eekah'rah behn'kyohh shee'tah I

stu%ie% )rom @7E

ma%e

Dmah'

%ehE

untilSpeci)ies the en%ing point

o) the action

San'*i ma%e benkyo shita7 Dsahn'*ee

mah'%eh behn'kyohh shee'tah I

stu%ie% until :7E

ni DneeE to3 on3 at

Speci)ies the target o) theaction

Nihon ni itta7 Dnee'hohn nee eet'tah

I ent to Japan7E &okyo ni tsuita7Dtohh'kyohh nee tsoo'ee'tah I

arri!e% at &okyo7E

niDneeE to3 on3 at Speci)ies the time o) thee!ent San'*i ni tsuita7

Dsahn'*ee nee tsoo'ee'tah I arri!e%at :7E

e DehE to3 toar% Speci)ies the %irection o)

the action

&okyo e itta7 Dtohh'kyohh eh eet'

tah 8 entto &okyo7E

%e D%ehE in3 by3 ith3

at

Speci)ies ho the action

takes place in%icates the

location3manner3 orbackgroun% con%ition o) the

action

+osuton %e benkyo shita7 Dboh'soo'

tohn %e behn'kyohh shee'tah I

stu%ie% in +oston7E &akush& %e itta7Dtah'koo sheee %eh eet'tah I

entthere by ta4i7E Foku %e tabeta7

D)ohh'koo %eh tah'beh'tah I ate

ith a )ork7E

noDnohE s (reates a possessi!e phrase

or mo%i)ier phrase

Marl no hon Dmah'reee noh hohn

Marys bookE Nihongo no hon Dnee'hon'goh noh hohn A Japanese

language bookE

to DtohE an% 0ists items Sushi to sashimi o tabeta7 Dsoo'shee


15/18

toh sah'shee'mee oh tah'beh'tah 8ate sushi an% sashimi7E

to DtohE ith Speci)ies an item ith thesame status as the sub*ect

Jon ga Marl to utatta7 DJohn gahmah'reee toh oo'taht'tah John sang

ith Mary7EkaDkahE or 0ists choices Sushi ka sashimi otaberu7 Dsoo'shee

kahsah'shee'mee oh tah'beh'roo I

ill eat sushi or sashimi7E


16/18

onto 7Realty8

Say honto Dhohn'tohhE to con)irm hat you *ust hear%7 Suppose your colleague tells youthat shes marrying your boss7 Respon% to the nes by saying honto7 #ou can use honto

in a lot o) situations because unbelie!able things happen e!ery %ay7

#1 so desu ka 7Realty8


17/18

Say a3 so %esu ka Dahh3 sohh %eh'soo kahE e!ery time your con!ersational partner

pro!i%es a ne piece o) in)ormation7 +e sure to no% as you say this e4pression7 I) you

talk casually ith a Japanese person3 you may use this phrase 9 times in an hour7

Mochiron 7,f course;8

-se this a%!erb hen youre 8 percent con)i%ent in your opinion7 I) you ere a marrie%

man3 ho oul% you anser this Cuestion )rom your i)e $oul% you marry me i) you

ha% a chance to %o it all o!er again "ont think about it *ust say mochiron Dmoh'chee'rohnE7

#1 yokatta 7,h1 'ood8

Say a3 yokatta Dahh3 yoh'kaht'tahE e!ery time you )eel like saying $hat a relie) or h3

goo%7 I) youre a orrier3 you may say it ten times a %ay7

yatta 7% did it;8

Say yatta Dyaht'tahE hen you accomplish something big or recei!e a great opportunity72assing a %i))icult test3 getting the *ob you ante%3 or inning the lottery all Cuali)y as

yatta material7


18/18

Sometimes you ha!e a !ague suspicion that something ill happen3 an% then it actually

happens7 At times like that3 say yappari Dyahp'pah'reeE7

215911799 japanese vocabulary

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