214 ____________________ defeated Harold Godwin of England

in ______

214 William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwin of England in 1066

216 __________ signed the Magna Carta in _____.

216 King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215.

217 _______________ was the only woman to be both queen of England

and queen of France.

217 Eleanor of Aquitaine was the only woman to be both queen of

England and queen of France.

218 The Magna Carta is considered to be such and important document

to constitutional government because it established many

____________________, such as ______________ and

______________.

218 The Magna Carta is considered to be such and important document

to constitutional government because it established many

precedents of freedom, such as trial by jury and habeas corpus.

221 Joan of Arc, a ________ peasant girl, won several minor battles in the

Hundred Years’ War.

221 Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl, won several minor battles in the

Hundred Years’ War.

222 The Battle of Bosworth Field ended the

_______________________.

222 The Battle of Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses.

222 The Wars of the Roses were fought between the houses of

___________________.

222 The Wars of the Roses were fought between the houses of

Lancaster and York.

225 The French Parliament is called the ______________.

225 The French Parliament is called the Estates-General.

225 _____________ was the first great king of France.

225 Hugh Capet was the first great king of France.

227 ___________ (Muslims) invaded Spain in A.D. 711,

establishing Cordova as their capital.

227 The Moors (Muslims) invaded Spain in A.D. 711,

establishing Cordova as their capital.

228 ________ was a national hero in Spain.

228 El Cid was a national hero in Spain.

235 The __________ civilization was the most powerful at the

beginning of the Age of Exploration.

235 The Aztec civilization was the most powerful at the beginning of the Age of

Exploration.

235 The _________ were the most important Indian

civilization in South America.

235 The Incas were the most important Indian civilization in

South America.

236 _________________ discovered the Pacific Ocean.

236 Vasco de Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean.

237 The Line of Demarcation divided control of the New

World between ____________ and _________.

237 The Line of Demarcation divided control of the New

World between Portugal and Spain.

237 ____________ explored for England.

237 John Cabot explored for England.

236 ________________ discovered Florida

236 Ponce de Leon discovered Florida

244 The first printed English translation of the New

Testament was done by _______________.

244 The first printed English translation of the New

Testament was done by William Tyndale.

245 ________________ was the scholar of the Northern

Renaissance that published the first printed edition of the Greek

New Testament.

245 Desiderius Erasmus was the scholar of the Northern

Renaissance that published the first printed edition of the Greek

New Testament.

247 _______________ realized that man is saved by faith in Christ, not by works or man-

made systems of grace—this led to the attempt to bring the

church back to its basic truths known as the Protestant

Reformation.

247 Martin Luther realized that man is saved by faith in Christ,

not by works or man-made systems of grace—this led to the attempt to bring the church back to its basic truths known as the

Protestant Reformation.

248 Luther posted the Ninety-five Theses on October 31,

_________.

248 Luther posted the Ninety-five Theses on October 31, 1517.

253 The important Christian work Institutes of the Christian Religion

was written by ________________

253 The important Christian work Institutes of the Christian Religion

was written by John Calvin.

253 _______________ was a Protestant leader in the Swiss city of

Zurich.

253 Ulrich Zwingli was a Protestant leader in the Swiss city of Zurich.

254 Menno Simons was an ____________ preacher.

254 Menno Simons was an Anabaptist preacher.

__________ was called “Bloody Mary” for her vicious persecutions

of English Protestants.

Mary Tudor was called “Bloody Mary” for her vicious

persecutions of English Protestants.

_______________ wrote Don Quixote.

Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote.

______________ was known as the “Father of Dutch Liberties.”

William of Orange was known as the “Father of Dutch Liberties.”

________________ was a Lutheran warrior-king.

Gustavus Adolphus was a Lutheran warrior-king.

_________________________ was the most infamous day of

the French religious wars.

St. Bartholomew’s day Massacre was the most infamous day of

the French religious wars.

____________ founded the Society of Jesus.

Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesus.

___________________ is the greatest English author of all

time.

William Shakespeare is the greatest English author of all

time.

French Calvinist Protestants were known as ______________

French Calvinist Protestants were known as Huguenots

The court of the Roman church established to try “heretics” was

called _____________

The court of the Roman church established to try “heretics” was

called Inquisition

____________________ was defeated by England in 1588, a

turning point in history.

The Spanish Armada was defeated by England in 1588, a

turning point in history.

__________ wrote The Book of Martyrs.

John Foxe wrote The Book of Martyrs.

Richelieu was a powerful ___________.

Richelieu was a powerful Cardinal.

____________ began the English Reformation.

Henry VIII began the English Reformation.

The confession of __________ was the first Protestant

confession of faith?

The confession of Augsburg was the first Protestant confession of

faith?

John Knox led the Protestants in ____________.

John Knox led the Protestants in Scotland.

The Edict of __________ was made by Henry IV to grant

toleration to the Huguenots.

The Edict of Nantes was made by Henry IV to grant toleration to

the Huguenots.

283 _____________ proposed the heliocentric view of the

universe.

283 Nicholas Copernicus proposed the heliocentric view

of the universe.

284 __________________ discovered three laws of

planetary motion.

284 Johannes Keppler discovered three laws of planetary motion.

289 The opera form was created by __________.

289 The opera form was created by Monteverdi.

289 _______ wrote all his music “to the glory of God.”

289 Bach wrote all his music “to the glory of God.”

290 The great composer _______________ is called the “Father of the English Hymn.”

290 The great composer Isaac Watts is called the “Father of the

English Hymn.”

292 _____________ is best remembered for his work

Praying Hands.

292 Albrecht Durer is best remembered for his work

Praying Hands.

291 _________ was the child genius who wrote The Magic

Flute.

291 Mozart was the child genius who wrote The Magic Flute.

291 ___________ was the great musician who wrote Moonlight

Sonata.

291 Beethoven was the great musician who wrote Moonlight

Sonata.

293 ______________ was the great Dutch painter.

293 Rembrandt was the great Dutch painter.

299 ___________ was known as the Sun King.

299 Louis XIV was known as the Sun King.

299 ___________ means government by men who sit at

desks.

299 Bureaucracy means government by men who sit at

desks.

300 ____________ was the magnificent palace built 10 miles

outside Paris

300 Versailles was the magnificent palace built 10 miles

outside Paris

304 The _____________ was a movement that attempted to

apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man’s life in order to establish a new social order.

304 The Enlightenment was a movement that attempted to

apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man’s life in order to establish a new social order.

304 _____________________ was the “Father of French

Romanticism.”

304 Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the “Father of French

Romanticism.”

304 _________ was the “Father of the Enlightenment”

304 Voltaire was the “Father of the Enlightenment”

304 ____________ is the philosophy which taught that

man is naturally good, but society is bad.

304 Romanticism is the philosophy which taught that

man is naturally good, but society is bad.

304 __________ was the idea that man’s reason is the sole

criterion for truth.

304 Rationalism was the idea that man’s reason is the sole

criterion for truth.

304 The ______________ attempted to apply human

reason to all areas of man’s life and establish a new social order

304 The Enlightenment attempted to apply human

reason to all areas of man’s life and establish a new social order

305 ______________ was the editor of the Encyclopedia

305 Denis Diderot was the editor of the Encyclopedia

306 The First Estate was composed of the __________.

306 The First Estate was composed of the clergy.

306 The Second Estate was composed of the __________.

306 The Second Estate was composed of the nobility.

306 The Third Estate was composed of _______________.

306 The Third Estate was composed of everybody else.

306 The French Revolution started as an ____________

revolution.

306 The French Revolution started as an aristocratic

revolution.

306 When some priests joined with the Third Estate to form the

National Assembly the French revolution entered it’s second

phase and became a ____________ revolution.

306 When some priests joined with the Third Estate to form the

National Assembly the French revolution entered it’s second

phase and became a bourgeoisie revolution.

307 On July, 14, 1789, a Paris mob stormed the __________.

307 On July, 14, 1789, a Paris mob stormed the Bastille.

307 The Storming of the Bastille was the beginning of the third

stage of the French Revolution—__________ revolution.

307 The Storming of the Bastille was the beginning of the third

stage of the French Revolution—mass revolution.

309 The _______ was the conservative group of France’s

Constituent Assembly. This term is still used to describe

conservatives.

309 The Right was the conservative group of France’s

Constituent Assembly. This term is still used to describe

conservatives.

309 The _______ was a group that wanted more radical

revolution. Today this word is still used to describe Liberals.

309 The Left was a group that wanted more radical revolution.

Today this word is still used to describe Liberals.

309 The _________ was the device which became a symbol

of the French Revolution

309 The guillotine was the device which became a symbol of the

French Revolution

310 The ___________ was the new system of weights and

measures devised during the French Revolution

310 The Metric system was the new system of weights and

measures devised during the French Revolution

311 Out of the chaos of the French revolution rose

_____________________ who reestablished order, eventually

becoming emperor.

311 Out of the chaos of the French revolution rose Napoleon

Bonaparte who reestablished order, eventually becoming

emperor.

311 A large portion of what is now the United States was

purchased from Napoleon. It is known as the ______________

purchase.

311 A large portion of what is now the United States was

purchased from Napoleon. It is known as the Louisiana

purchase.

319 ____________ (James I) succeeded Elizabeth as monarch

of England

319 James Stuart (James I) succeeded Elizabeth as monarch

of England

321 __________ succeeded James I as king of England.

321 Charles I succeeded James I as king of England.

After Charles I plunged England into a civil war,

_________________ ruled for a time over the Commonwealth and the Protectorate (a short

time when there were no kings)

After Charles I plunged England into a civil war, Oliver Cromwell

ruled for a time over the Commonwealth and the

Protectorate (a short time when there were no kings)

323 The ____________ supported the king during the

English Civil War.

323 The Cavaliers supported the king during the English Civil War.

323 The ___________ opposed the king during the English Civil

War.

323 The Roundheads opposed the king during the English Civil

War.

325 When Cromwell’s son proved weak, ___________ was

brought back from France to reestablish the monarchy.

325 When Cromwell’s son proved weak, Charles II was brought back from France to

reestablish the monarchy.

His son ____________ tried to re-impost Catholicism on

England and was overthrown by the Glorious Revolution which

brought William and Mary to the throne

His son James II tried to re-impost Catholicism on England

and was overthrown by the Glorious Revolution which

brought William and Mary to the throne

326 _____________ succeeded William III (Mary had died

earlier) as monarch of England

326 Queen Anne succeeded William III (Mary had died

earlier) as monarch of England

328 The Great Awakening began with a sermon by

________________ to his New England church.

328 The Great Awakening began with a sermon by Jonathan

Edwards to his New England church.

329 _______________ preached around 18,000 times, sometimes

to 20,000 people at a time.

329 George Whitefield preached around 18,000 times, sometimes

to 20,000 people at a time.

330 ____________ is the belief that experience is the only

source of knowledge.

330 Empiricism is the belief that experience is the only source of

knowledge.

______________—the idea that to know truth is impossible, and

knowledge is uncertain

Skepticism—the idea that to know truth is impossible, and

knowledge is uncertain

_____________ was the prominent philosopher of the Age of Reason who promoted

Empiricism.

John Locke was the prominent philosopher of the Age of Reason

who promoted Empiricism.

_____________ promoted skepticism.

David Hume promoted skepticism.

328 _________________ established a Moravian

settlement on his estate.

328 von Zinzendorf established a Moravian settlement on his

estate.

383 ______________ fought to abolish slavery in England.

383 William Wilberforce fought to abolish slavery in England.