2.11 producing electrical_energies_batteries
DESCRIPTION
BTEC Level 2TRANSCRIPT
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2.11 Producing electrical energies: non-renewable sources
April 13, 2023
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Key terms
• Non-renewable energy sources: energy sources that cannot be replaced easily, for example fossil fuels
• Main electricity: electricity that comes into our homes and places of work. The voltage is normally 230 V and the frequency is 50 Hz
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Power stations
• Most power station produce electricity by heating water to create steam. This steam is used to turn turbines which rotate a generator to produce electricity
• This electricity is then sent to our homes through the national grid
• The water is often heated by non-renewable energy sources
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Fossil fuels
• The efficiency of most power stations is 30% although with newer technologies we can reach 50%.
• When they burn carbon dioxide is produced
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Nuclear power
• In a nuclear power station, energy given out during nuclear reactions is used to heat water to steam.
• No burning of fuel occurs so no carbon dioxide is produced
• It does produce radioactive waste which lasts for thousands of years
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Producing electricity – ac generators
• Electrical generators use induction to supply electricity. The turbine that is turned by the steam created in the power station boilers rotates a generator which is a large coil of wire between magnets.
• The magnetic field induces a current in the coil
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Science focus
• The current produced by an ac generator can be increased by:– Using stronger magnets– Rotating the coil faster– Increasing the number of turns of wire in the
coil– Making the coil thicker
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Mains electricity
• The electricity supply in our homes is an alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz
• This means the current changes direction 50X every second, this is faster than we can see
• Everything is turning on and off 50X a second but we never notice!
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To do
• Mary is a trainee engineer working for an electricity company. Part of her job involves inveigating ways to make the electricity generators more efficient.
• Make a list of all the areas in a power station where energy may be wasted and the ways that these losses may be reduced