2.1 product life cycle design cortesi 10-11

Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia

sara cortesipolitecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . school of design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability

course System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 2. Introduction to product Life Cicle Design (LCD)

learning resource 2.1

Product Life Cycle Design


CONTENTS

. Environmental requirements for product design

. (Damaging) Environmental effects

. Life cycle

. Functional unit

. Life Cycle Assessment

. Life Cycle Design


ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCT DESIGN


ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCT DESIGN

- RELATED TO: (DAMAGING) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

- ASSOCIATED TO (A PRODUCT): > LIFE CYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT


ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS


ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

EACH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT IS BASED ON A SUBSTANCE’S EXCHANGE (IMPACT) BETWEEN THE NATURE/ENVIRONMENT AND A (ANTHROPIC TRASFORMATION) PROCESS OF A PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SYSTEM

input: substance extraction from the environment

output: substance emission in the environment

(not all impacts damage with the same entity)


INPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS

RESOURCES EXHAUSTION

ALTERATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ BALANCE

(damaging outputs of extractive processes)


OUTPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS

global warming (greenhouse effect)ozone layer depletioneutrophicationacidificationsmogtoxicitywastes...


CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TO A PRODUCT? AND HOW?

CRITERIA:- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE- FUNCTIONAL UNIT

EVALUATION METHOD:- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

DESIGN APPROACH:- LIFE CYCLE DESIGN

DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS


LIFE CYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT


PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

THE PRODUCT IS SEEN IN RELATION TO THE MATERIAL AND ENERGY FLOWS AND EMISSIONS OF THE ACTIVITIES THAT GO WITH IT DURING ITS WHOLE LIFESPAN

input / output > environmental consequences (social, economic, …)


reso

urc

e’s

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ving

mater.

energy

produc.

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE


manufac.

assemb.

finish

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mater.

energy

produc.

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE


package

trasp

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stor

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manufac.

assemb.

finish

reso

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energy

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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE


package

trasp

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stor

age

manufac.

assemb.

finish

reso

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e’s

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mater.

energy

produc.

collection

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE


package

trasp

.

stor

age

manufac.

assemb.

finish

reso

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e’s

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ving

mater.

energy

produc.

collection

other product’s life cycle

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE


FUNCTIONAL (OR “SATISFACTION”) UNIT

IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE ASSESSED

(DESIGNED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE

PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE

FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION


LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)

AND

LIFE CYCLE DESIGN (LCD)


LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)


LCA: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

a quantitative method to assess the environmental effects of the life cycle of a given product/service in relation to its functional unit(s)

ISO 14040 STANDARD

PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT


Ex. LCA of a sofa (useful lifespan: 8 years)

PRE-PROD. +PRODUCTION

DISTRIBUTION USE DISPOSAL


Ex. LCA of a fridge (useful lifespan: 10 years)

PRE-PROD. +PRODUCTION

DISTRIBUTION USE DISPOSAL


PRELIMINARY LCA ON EXISTING PRODUCT/S

to support the definition of design priorities

LCA DURING THE PROJECT

to compare one material/process and the other

to compare one concept and the other

LCA AT THE END OF THE DESIGN PROCESS

LCA TO DEFINE SPECIFIC (FOR PRODUCT, SECTOR, ...) GUIDELINES

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR DESIGN


LIFE CYCLE DESIGN (LCD)


LIFE CYCLE DESIGNAPPROACH

an extended design horizon

from product design

to the design of the product LIFE CYCLE stages

the design “reference”

from product designto product’s “FUNCTION” design


LIFE CYCLE DESIGN(ENVIRONMENTAL) OBJECTIVE

MINIMISE INPUT AND OUTPUT

quantitatively

qualitatively

(in relation to life cycle and functional unit)


LCD: DESIGN CRITERIA

RESOURCES MINIMISATION

LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTIONPRODUCT LIFESPAN OPTIMISATIONMATERIAL LIFESPAN EXTENSION

DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY


FOR DECISION MAKING (DESIGNING)identify the (environmental) design PRIORITIES:> CRITERIA relevance (relative) per product type> most promising criteria related GUIDELINES

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA/GUIDELINES

FOR A GIVEN PRODUCT:- some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others - can be SYNERGETIC or CONFLICTING

2.1 product life cycle design cortesi 10-11

Documents

product life cycle design

product life cycle resources

product design

products life cycle

energy produc

finish production resources

school of design

storage distribution