21 nguyên tắc vàng của nghệ thuật lãnh đạo
TRANSCRIPT
J O H N C .
MAXWELL
N G U Y E N T A C V A N G
u.
v VGHE THUAT LANH DAO
o 9 T h e 2 1 I r r e f u t a b l e L a w s o f L e a d e r s h i p
LO NHA XUAT BAN LAO DONG-XA HOI
21 nguyen tdc vang ciia nghe thuat kinh dao ket hpp nhiing kien thiic ma John C. Maxwell tich luy tir thanh cong ciing nhir sai lain cua ban than voi nhung quan sat va phan tich ve cac linh vuc kinh doanh. chinh tri. the thao. ton giao. quan su... Do la nhiing nguyen tac anh huong mot each can ban tai hieu qua ca nhan va to chiic. dong thoi cho thay "thanh bai deu do lanh dao". nhu Maxwell timg noi. Hay kham pha tai sao... • Henry Ford suyt dua cong
ty minh loi pha san; • mot so doanh nghiep nhan
duo-c rat nhieu von dau tu mao hiem trong khi nhung doanh nghiep khac thi khong; • cong nuang Diana dupe hang trieu nguoi yeu men, con phu quan ciia ba khong thuyet phuc dirpc ai;
• gia co phicii Coca-Cola van rat cao, ke ca khi CliO cua cong ty dot ngiit qua diri:
• so giao dan trong khu vuc cua inpl muc sir vo danh da tang tir 700 len 14.000 nguoi trong vong bay nam;
• Nguyen tac Gidi han la nguyen tac lanh dao quan trpng nhat.
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NGUYEN TAC VANG
C U A N G H E T H U A T L A N H D A O
THU VIEN KHOA HOC KY THUAT BUI)
THE 21 IRREFUTABLE LAWS OF LEADERSHIP © 1998 and 2007 John C. Maxwell All rights reserved. This Licensed Work published under license. Vietnamese translation edition published by agreement between THOMAS NELSON INC., and Alpha Books. 21 NGUYEN TAC VANG CUANGH$ THU^T LANH DAO Ban quyen tieng Vi t © 2008 Congty Sach Alpha Cuon sach duVc xuat ban theo ho*p dong chuyen nhifo"ng ban quyen giiia THOMAS NELSON INC.va Congty Sach Alpha. Hoan toan giu;ban quyen. Khong phan nao trong xuat ban pham nay du'o'c phep sao chip hay phat hanh difcfi bat ky hinh thurc nao ho$c bang bat ky phtfemg tien nao, hay dugrc liru gifitrong ca so* da li?u ho$c h§ th3ngtTuycp,makhdngc6su'choph6ptru'cfcbangvanban cua Cong tySach Alpha. Thiet kebla: Tran Van Phuvng Theo doi ban thao: N6ng Thj Thanh Nga Lien he ve dich vy ban quyen sach & van h6a pham: Email: copyright® alphabooks.vn Lien he ht;p tac ve ban thao ho§c nhgn cac ban djch: Email: [email protected] DUNG TIEN THAT, HAY MUA SACH THAT I!! Cac diem can lufu y khi mua sach Alpha: - Bia in mau tren guYy Couche day, can md, hinh anh r5 net - Bia 4 c6 tern chong hang gia. - Ru*)t sach in tren giay Bai Bang rd rang, sac net. Hay tim mua nhfirng cuffn sach cua Alpha.
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NGUYEN TAC VANG
C U A N G H E T H U A T L A N H D A O
Dinh Viet Hoa dich
J O H N C .
MAXWELL
NELSON BUSINESS .; KHOA HOC KY THUAT BUtyJ DIEN
so,.y:v.^su PHU BAN:
Cuon sach du c xuit ban trang chuttng trinh b?p tac giua
CONG TY SACK ALPHA
64B, 001 Can, Ba Dinh, Ha Npi 4 722 6236 - Fax: +84-4 722 6237 ill: [email protected] Ute: http://www.alphabooks.vn
TRUNG TAM PHAT TRl6N DAO TAO QUAN LY VA ANH NGU*rrD VlfT NAM
I I T D
So" 8B, Sir Thl§n Chlgu, Phi/dng 7, Qu§n 3, TP Ho Chi Minh Tel: +84-8 932 0600 - Fax : +84-8 884 0681
Email: [email protected] Website : http://www.itd.com.my
L O I G I O I T H I E U Ve john C. Maxwell vd bo sdch lanh dao cua dng
J ohn C. Maxwell la guru, chuyen gia va bac thay noi tieng
nhat the gidi ve nghe thuat lanh dao voi tren 13 trieu ban sach ban ra tren khap hanh tinh, cung nhu Phillip Kotler la guru, bac thay ve marketing hay Michael Porter ve chien luoc kinh doanh. Hang nam, ong duoc moi toi noi chuyen tai cac cong ty hang dau trong danh sach Fortune 500, voi nhieu nha lanh dao chinh phii tren the gidi va nhung to chuc nhu Hoc vien Quan su Hoa Ky 6 West Point.
Cac tac pham cua ong duc/c danh gia rat cao va duoc xep trong danh sach ban chay nhat tren cac tap chi nhu New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Business Week va Maxwell la mot trong 25 tac gia ndi tieng nhat tren Amazon. Nhung cuon sach da ban tren 1 trieu ban ciia dng gdm The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, Developing the Leader Within You va The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader.
Nham muc tieu dua cac tac pham cd gia tri den vdi ngudi Viet Nam, khdng chi cho cac nha quan ly, nha lanh dao ma cho tat ca nhung ai mong mudn minh phat trien hon nua, Alpha Books lua chon dich va xuat ban cac cuon sach hay nhat ciia John C. Maxwell.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Vdi vai trd la Trung tam phat trien dao tao quan ly, ITD /iet Nam tin tudng rang tac pham va tu tudng ciia dng se ;iiip chiing ta hoan thien va thanh cdng hon.
Xin tran trong gidi thieu vdi dpc gia.
ITD Viet Nam va Alpha Books
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M U C L U C
LOI GIOI THIEU 5 MUC LUC 7
LOI MO DAU 11
1. NGUYEN TAC GIOI HAN 15
Kha nang lanh dao quyet dinh cap do hieu qua
2. NGUYEN TAC ANH HUONG 29
Thudc do chinh xdc nhat ciia nghe thuat lanh dao Id anh hudng
3. NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH 43
Ndng lite lanh dao phat Men timg ngay, khdng phai ngay mot ngay hai
4. NGUYEN TAC HANG HAI 59
Ai ciing cd the ldi tau, neu cd ngudi chi huy lap hdi trinh
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
5. NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON 73
Khi nhd lanh dao thuc thu len tieng, moi nguoi deu lang nghe
6. NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG 89
Niem tin la nen tang cua su lanh dao
7. NGUYEN TAC TON TRONG 105
Moi ngudi tudn theo nhd lanh dao manh me ham minh
8. NGUYEN TAC TRUC GLAC 119
Nhd lanh dao danh gid duoc tat cd moi dieu bang khuynh huong lanh dao
9. NGUYEN TAC HAP DAN 133
Ban thu hut ngubi tuong dong vdi minh
10. NGUYEN TAC KET NOI 147
Nhd lanh dao phai thu phuc long ngudi trudc khi bat tay vdo cong viec
11. NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN 161
Tiem ndng ciia mqt nhd lanh dao do nhung ngudi thdn tin nhat quyet dinh
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MUCLUC
- 12. NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUt 177
Chi nhd lanh dao vung vang moi san sdng chia se quyen luc
13. NGUYEN TAC TAI TAO 193
Dao tao lanh dao bang mot nhd lanh dao
14. NGUYEN TAC TIN CAY 205
Moi ngudi tin cay nha lanh dao trudc khi tin cdy tdm nhin
15. NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG 219
Nhd lanh dao ludn tim ra con dudng chien thdng cho cd doi
16. NGUYEN TAC DONG LUC 237
Dong luc Id tri ky cua lanh dao
17. NGUYEN TAC UU TIEN 253
Nhd lanh dao hieu rang hanh dong khdng nhat thiet Id hoan thanh
18. NGUYEN TAC HY SINH 265
Nhd lanh dao phai biet liti detien
19. NGUYEN TAC THOI CO 279
77101 diem cung quan trong nhu cdng viec va dia diem
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
20. NGUYEN TAC PHAT TRIEN BUNG NO 293
Be cong them, hay lanh dao cap dudi -Be nhan len, hay lanh dao thu linh
21, NGUYEN TAC DI SAN 305
Gid tri cao nhat cua nhd lanh dao duoc do bdng su kethita
KET LUAN 320
LOI DICH GIA 322
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L O I M 6 D A U
T o i co may man duoc giang day ve lanh dao tren khap nude My va the giai, va thuong co co hoi noi chuyen
vdi nhung ngudi tham gia cac cuoc hpi thao cua toi. Trong gid nghi ciia mdt budi hpi thao gan day d My, mpt ngudi dan ong gan sau muoi tuoi ma tdi da timg gap vai nam trudc da den ndi chuyen vdi toi. Ong xie't chat tay tdi va hiing hon noi: "Cac nguyen tac lanh dao nay da khieh cupc song ciia tdi thay doi. Nhung that su tdi da udc duoc nghe dng ndi tir hai muoi nam trudc."
"Khdng, khdng dau." Tdi cd'nen cudi.
"Y dng la gi a? Tdi da dat duoc nhieu thii hon! Neu hai muoi nam trudc, tdi biet nhung nguyen tac lanh dao nay, cd khi tdi da cd dupe vi the khac trong cupc song. Nhung nguyen tac lanh dao ciia ong cho tdi tam nhin xa, cho tdi khat khao hpc nhieu hon ve lanh dao va dat dupe muc tieu. Neu tdi dupe hpc dieu nay tu hai muoi nam trudc, tdi da lam dupe mpt dieu ma tdi chua tung mo bao gid." Ong bpc bach.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
"Co the ong se thanh cong" Toi tra loi. "Nhung hai muoi nam trudc, toi khong the day ong nhung nguyen tac do. Toi da danh ca cuoc ddi minh de hpc tap, ap dung nhung nguyen tac lanh dao cho rieng minh."
Khi toi viet cuon sach nay, tdi da 51 tuoi. Tdi cd 30 nam trai qua nhung vi tri lanh dao chuyen nghiep. Toi da thanh lap bdn cong ty, va danh thdi gian, nghi luc lam viec, tao ra nhung anh hudng tich cue den cupc sdng ciia moi ngudi. Nhung tdi cung da tung co rat nhieu sai lam trong ddi -nhieu hon tat ca nhung nguoi ma toi biet. Moi thanh cdng va that bai deu la bai hpc vo gia trong nhung gi ma tdi muon hudng den...
Cudn sach la cau tra ldi ciia toi vdi nhung cau hdi thudng gap. Toi da mat ca ddi minh de hpc 21 Nguyen tdc vang cua nghe thuat lanh dao. Mong mudn ciia toi la truyen dat nhung nguyen tac do that don gian, rd rang.
Mpt trong nhung dieu quan trpng ma tdi tung hpc dupe trong nhung nam thang lam lanh dao dd la: Lanh dao la lanh dao. Cho du ban d dau, lam gi, du thdi gian thay ddi, du cong nghe phat trien, dii su khac biet ve van hda, nhung nguyen tac lanh dao that su van giu nguyen gia tri.
Khi ban doc npi dung ciia cudn sach, tdi rat mong ban co the ghi nhd nhung dieu nay:
1. Cac nguyen tac cd the hpc dupe: Co mpt so nguyen tac d l hieu va de ap dung, con nhung nguyen tac khac thi khdng;
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LOI MO DAU
2. Cac nguyen tac co the dung dpc lap: Moi nguyen tac bo sung cho nguyen tac khac, nhung chung dung dpc lap voi nhau;
3. Cac nguyen tac deu co tac dung: Ap dung cac nguyen tac do, moi nguoi se theo ban. Neu khong, ban se that bai va khong the lanh dao nguoi khac;
4. Cac nguyen tac la nen tang ciia lanh dao: Khi ban da hpc dupe nhung nguyen tac nay, ban can phai thuc hanh va ap dung trong cupc song.
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1
N G U Y E N T A C G I O I H A N
Khd nang lanh dao quyet dinh cap do hieu qua
T di thuong xuyen mo man cac cupc dien thuyet ve nghe
thuat lanh dao bang viec giai thich Nguyen tac Gidi han, vi nguyen tac nay giup moi nguoi hieu dupe gia tri cua viec lanh dao. Neu nhu ban nam duoc nguyen tac nay, ban se nhan thay anh hudng Idn lao cua viec lanh dao trong mpi linh vuc ciia cupc sdng. Chinh vi vay, nang luc lanh dao duoc vi nhu gidi han xac dinh muc dp hieu qua cua mpt ngudi. Kha nang lanh dao cua mpt ngudi cang thap, thi gidi han dd cang khdng cao. Kha nang lanh dao cang cao thi su anh hudng ciia ngudi dd cang Idn. Vi du, neu kha nang lanh dao
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
ciia ban dat diem 8, tam anh huong ciia ban khong bao gid vupt diem 7. Neu kha nang lanh dao ciia ban chi dat diem 4 thi tam anh hudng ciia ban se khong bao gid cao hon diem 3. Kha nang lanh dao ciia ban cao hay thap se xac dinh kha nang tac ddng va sue anh hudng ciia to chiic ban lanh dao.
Tdi xin minh hoa cho Nguyen tac Gidi han bang mdt cau chuyen nhu sau: Nam 1930, hai anh em tre tuoi Dick va Maurice tu New Hampshire den California de tim kiem Giac mo ngudi My. Hp vira tot nghiep trung hpc va nhan thay mpt sd'co hpi kinh doanh dien anh d Hollywood.
Chi sau mpt thdi gian ngan, vdi tinh than hang say cdng viec kinh doanh va hao hung trong nganh cong nghiep giai tri, hp da nhanh chdng md mpt nha hat tai Glendale, mpt thi tran each Hollywood nam dam ve phia dong bac. Nhung bat chap moi no luc, hai anh em van khdng the tao ra lpi nhuan. Trong sudt bdn nam kinh doanh nha hat, hp khdng kiem ndi mpt tram dd-la de tra tien thue nha.
MOT CO HOI MOI
Khat vpng thanh cdng ciia hai anh em van rat manh me va hp kien nhan tim kiem mpt co hpi kinh doanh mdi tot hon. Cudi ciing, nam 1937, cdng viec kinh doanh ciia hp cung di vao guong hoat dpng. Hp md mpt nha hang nhd cho khach lu hanh d Pasadena nam ngay phia ddng Glendale. Thdi ky nay, dan mien nam California trd nen gin bd chat che vdi chiec xe ciia minh, khie'n cho van hda cung thay ddi theo, bao gdm ca cdng viec kinh doanh.
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NGUYEN TAC GIOI HAN
Nha hang cho khach lfJr hanh la mot hinh thuc kinh doanh xuat hien tu dau nhung nam 1930 va dan tro nen pho bien. Thay vi phai vao tan nha hang de an, khach lu hanh co the lai xe den nhung bai xe rong bao quanh mot nha hang nho, ngoi trong xe va gpi nguoi phuc vu mang do an ra tan xe. Do an duoc phuc vu tren dia su Trung Hoa cung vdi cac do dung bang thuy tinh va kim loai. Day la mpt y tudng hpp thdi trong xa hdi ciia tdc dp va di chuyen.
Nha hang nho xiu ciia Dick va Maurice da thanh cdng rue rd. Nam 1940, hp quyet dinh chuyen cong viec kinh doanh tdi San Bernardino, mdt do thi mdi phat trien ciia ngudi lao ddng each Los Angeles nam muoi dam ve phia dong. Ho xay dung nha hang Idn hon va md rpng thuc don, co hi hot dogs (mdn banh kep xiic xich nong), cac mon ran, den nhung mdn nhu thit bd nudng, sandwich thit heo, hamburger va cac mdn khac. Cdng viec kinh doanh ciia hp thanh cong rue ro. Doanh thu hang nam ciia hp da dat miic 200 nghin do-la va dat dupe lpi nhuan tdi 50 nghin dd-la moi nam - mpt con so' an tupng da xep hp vao hang nhung doanh nhan thanh cong nhat trong khu vuc thdi ky dd.
Nam 1948, nhd true giac, hp thay thdi cupc dang ddi thay va hp cung can phai ddi mdi cong vifc kinh doanh nha hang. Hp chuyen tu phuc vu khach lu hanh sang khach bp hanh. Moi viec cung dupe sap xep suon se. Hp nit ngan thuc don, ddng thai tap trung nhieu hon vao mon hamburger. Dia sii, do diing bang thuy tinh, kim loai dupe thay the bang cac san pham bang giay. Chi phi kinh doanh va gia ban hang giam xudng. Hp da sang tao ra loai hinh kinh doanh
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BbfJ OIEN s 6 : . y . y . ^ 3 ^ . PHU BAN:
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
moi co ten He thdng Phuc vu nhanh. Nha be'p gidhg nhu mdt day chuyen lap rap, trong dd mdi ngudi tap trung vao mot cdng viec duy nhat vdi toe dd cao. Muc tieu cua ho la dap ung yeu cau cua khach hang chi trong chua day 30 giay. Va hp da thanh cdng. Trong nhung nam giua thap nien 1950, doanh thu da dat tdi dinh diem la 350 nghin do-la. Tu do, Dick va Maurice da thu dupe lpi nhuan rong mpt tram nghin do-la moi nam.
Anh em hp la ai vay? Neu d vao thdi ky dd, ban cd the tim ra nha hang ciia hp khi lai xe tdi goc Dudng 14 cat Duong E d San Bernardino. O phia trudc ngdi nha nhd hinh bat giac treo mpt tam bang neon co ddng chu MCDONALD'S HAMBURGER. Dick va Maurice McDonald da trung so kieu My, va nhu hp da tung noi, phai chang hp se tiep tuc nhu the?
Khdng phai. McDonald da khdng bao gid vupt xa hon, bdi vi kha nang lanh dao yeu kem ciia ho da tao ra gidi han cho kha nang thanh cong ciia hp.
CAU CHUYEN DANG SAU CAU CHUYEN
Cd the ndi anh em nha McDonald cd tai chinh vung manh. Nha hang ciia hp la mpt trong nhung nha hang cd lpi nhuan Idn nhat nude My, tham chi da cd liic hp cam thay chang biet khi nao mdi tieu het so tien minh kiem dupe. The manh ciia hp chinh la dich vu cham sdc khach hang va td chiic nha be'p. Tu dd, mpt he thdng phuc vu an ud'ng kieu mdi ra ddi. Tren thuc te, su sang tao ciia ho dupe biet den rpng rai, bat dau cd nhieu bai bao viet ve hp va rat nhieu ngudi den hi khap noi
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NGUYEN TAC GIOI HAN
de hpc hoi phuong phap cua hp. Don cu hang ngay hp nhan dupe rat nhieu thu tu va it nhat ba tram cupc dien thoai.
Dieu do da dua hp toi y tuong kinh doanh thuong hieu McDonald. Thuc ra, y tuong kinh doanh nhupng quyen khong mdi. No da xuat hien trong vai thap nien trudc dd. Vdi anh em McDonald, no giong nhu viec kiem tien ma khdng can md them nha hang. Nam 1952, hp bat dau thuc hien y tudng, nhung su khdi dau da that bai the tham. Ly do rat don gian. Hp thieu nghe thuat lanh dao co ban de mang lai hieu qua cho y tudng nay. Dick va Maurice la nhung dng chu nha hang gidi. Hp biet each dieu hanh cdng viec kinh doanh, lam cho he thdng hoat dpng hieu qua, giam chi phi, tang lpi nhuan. Hp la nhung nha quan ly tot, nhung hp chua phai la nha lanh dao. Khudn mau tu duy cua hp da gidi han kha nang cua hp. Tren dinh cao ciia thanh cdng, Dick va Maurice da nhan ra ban than ho gap nhung van de trong Nguyen tac Gidi han.
HOP TAC VOI MOT NHA LANH DAO
Nam 1954, hai anh em McDonald da "cau" dupe mpt ngudi cd ten la Ray Kroc. Kroc dang dieu hanh mpt cdng ty nhd chuyen cung cap may danh kem. Ong cd biet ve anh em nha McDonald. Hp la mpt trpng sd' khach hang than thiet nhat ciia dng. Ngay khi den tham ciia hang, dng da nhin thay kha nang phat trien ciia no. Ong nghi tdi viec no se md rpng quy md tren pham vi ca nude vdi hang tram ciia hang. Ong sdm bay td quyet dinh lam viec vdi Dick va Maurice va
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
nam 1955, ong thanh lap Cong ty He thong McDonald's (va sau nay la Tap doan McDonald's.)
Ngay lap nic, Kroc da mua mot quyen chuyen nhuong thuong hieu de su dung no lam nguyen mau cho nhung lan chuyen nhuong thuong hieu tiep theo. Sau do, Kroc bat dau xay dung mot nhdm co nhiem vu dua McDonald's xuat hien tren toan thi truang nude My. Ong tim kiem va tuyen dung nhung nguoi co nang luc nhat. Nhom ciia ong nhanh chong phat trien ca ve sd luong va chat luong, tu dd, cac thanh vien trong nhdm tiep tuc tuyen dung them bang ky nang lanh dao ciia chinh minh.
Trong nhung nam dau, Kroc phai hy sinh rat nhieu. Mac dii da ngoai 50 tudi, nhung ong van lam viec nhieu gid trong ngay, cung gidhg nhu hoi ong bat dau cdng viec kinh doanh ba muoi nam trudc. Ong da tir bo nhieu thii, tham chi ca thii vui sinh hoat d cau lac bp golf. Trong sudt tam nam dau d McDonald's, dng da khdng lay mpt dong luong nao. Khong chi co vay, ban than dng phai di vay tien ngan hang va cdng ty bao hiem nhan thp ciia minh nham trang trai tien luong cho mpt so' vj tri chii chot trong nhom lam viec. Su hy sinh va kha nang lanh dao ciia ong da dupe den feu. Nam 1961, vdi 2,7 trieu dd-la, Kroc mua diit McDonald's tir tay hai anh em McDonald va bat tay vao thuc hien chien lupc dua McDonald's cd mat tren toan cau. Md'c gidi han trong cupc sdng va nghe thuat lanh dao ciia Ray Kroc rd rang cao hon han nhung ngudi tien nhiem ciia dng.
Trong nhiing nam Dick va Maurice tien hanh chuyen nhuong thuong hieu McDonald's, hp chi ban dupe cho 15
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NGUYEN TAC GIOI HAN
ngudi, thuc te chi co 10 trong so do md nha hang. Dii quy md nhd nhung tam nhin va nang luc lanh dao han che van la trd ngai. Tham chi khi ngudi ky hop ddng chuyen nhuong thuong hieu dau tien la Neil Fox thupc tap doan Phoenix bay td y mudn gpi ca nha hang ciia minh la McDonald's, Dick da phan ung: "De lam gi? McDonald's chang co gi lien quan tdi Phoenix ca."
Ndi each khac, gidi han lanh dao trong cupc doi Ray Kroc cao vdi voi. Tir nam 1955 den 1959, Kroc da khai truong thanh cong 100 nha hang. Trong bon nam tiep theo, co them 500 nha hang McDonald's. Ngay nay, cong ty da md tren 21.000 nha hang d khong dudi 100 qudc gia. Kha nang lanh dao hay chinh xac hon la su thieu hut kha nang lanh dao, da gidi han hieu qua lam viec ciia anh em nha McDonald.
K H I T H A N H CONG K H O N G CO NGHE THUAT L A N H D A O
Tdi tin thanh cdng co the nam trong tam vdi ciia tat ca moi ngudi. Nhung tdi cung tin rang nhung thanh cdng ca nhan ma khong cd kha nang lanh dao se han che hieu qua cdng viec. Tac ddng chi la mpt phan ciia nhung gi thu dupe tir kha nang lanh dao. Ban cang mudn leo cao, nghe thuat lanh dao cang trd
Ban cdng muon leo cao, ngh$ thuat lanh dao cdng
trd nen can thiet. Ban cang muon co tdc dong sau sac, thi tdm anh
hudng cua ban cdng phai Idn lao.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
nen can thiet. Ban cang muon co tac dong sau sac, thi tam anh huong ciia ban cang phai Ion lao. Bat ke thii gi ban muon thuc hien deu phu thupc vao kha nang lanh dao nguoi khac ciia ban.
Day la hinh minh hoa dieu toi mudn ndi. Gia du khi thanh cdng, ban duoc diem 8 (trong thang diem tir 1-10). Rat tot. Cii cho rang thanh cong ciia anh em nha McDonald nam trong khoang nay. Nhung neu di kem dd, kha nang lanh dao chi dat diem 1. Cap dp hieu qua ciia cdng viec se chi nhu bieu do tren.
THANH CONG KHONG CO NGH£ THUAT I .ANH BAO
Ml'rc 1)0 THANH CONG
De gia tang cap dp hieu qua ciia ban, ban se cd hai lira chpn. Ban cd the lam viec cham chi de gia tang thanh cong
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NGUYEN TAC GIOI HAN
va no luc hoan thanh xuat sac cong viec se dua ban dat toi con so 10. Dieu do co the xay ra, cho du Nguyen tac Thu nho da chi ra rang, de dat duoc hai diem so con lai ban con phai gian nan hon khi co gang dat 8 diem truoc do. Neu nhu ban "tu gie't minh" bang each do, ban co the gia tang su thanh cong bang 25% ay.
Nhung ban co mot lua chon khac. Gia du, thay vi lam viec cham chi, ban phan dau nang cao nang luc lanh dao cua minh. Trong giai doan do, ban tu trau doi ban than nhu mot nha lanh dao va cuoi cung, nang luc lanh dao ciia ban duoc nang len muc diem 6, dai loai the. Hieu qua cong viec khi do se duoc bieu dien trong hinh minh hoa duoi day:
THANH CONG CO NGH£ THUAT LANH DAO
K H A N A N C L A N H D A O
H i f u q u "1 G j A f k NG
1 2 3 4 5 * 7 * 9 10
MLfC»0 THANH C&NG
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Bang viec tang cudng nang lire lanh dao - voi miic dp thanh cong khong doi - ban co the gia tang hieu qua ban dau len 500%! Neu nang lire lanh dao ciia ban nang len toi diem 8, ciing miic voi thanh cong, hieu qua ban dau da dupe gia tang tdi 700%! Nang luc lanh dao co hieu ling theo cap so nhan. Toi da nhieu lan chiing kien anh hudng ciia no trong tat ca cac loai hinh kinh doanh va nhung to chiic phi lpi nhuan. Va chinh vi ly do do ma toi da giang day nghe thuat lanh dao hon 20 nam qua.
THAY DOI PHUTJNG Hl/ONG TO CHUG, THAY D O I L A N H DAO
Kha nang lanh dao luon tao ra gidi han cho hieu qua cong viec ciia ca nhan va tap the. Neu kha nang lanh dao manh me, hieu qua cdng viec se cao. Neu khong, to chiic dd se gap nhieu kho khan. Chinh vi the, khi van de rac roi xay ra, xu hudng tat yeu la tim kiem su lanh dao mdi. Khi mot quoc gia phai trai qua thdi ky gian kho, hp se bau tong thong mdi. Khi mdt cdng ty bi thua lo, hp se di tim kiem CEO mdi. Khi mdt giao doan mat phuong hudng, hp se tim kiem linh muc mdi. Khi mpt dpi bong thua lien tiep, hp se tim kiem huan luyen vien trudng mdi.
Mdi quan he giua lanh dao va hieu qua dupe the hien rat rd trong the thao. Neu ban nhin vao nhung to chiic the thao chuyen nghiep, tai nang hiem khi la van de. Hau het cac dpi bdng deu cd cau thii tai nang. Vai tro lanh dao d day do huan luyen vien va mpt so cau thii chii cho't dam nhiem - se
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NGUYEN TAC GIOI HAN
tao nen sir khac biet. De thay doi hieu qua choi bong, can nang cao nang luc ciia huan luyen vien. Do la theo Nguyen tac Giai han.
Notre Dame la mot dpi bong manh va co be day ve lanh dao. Dpi bong nay da gat hai dupe rat nhieu thanh cong, hon bat ke mpt dpi bong nao trong cac giai vo dich quo'c gia. Trong nhieu nam lien tiep, Fighting Irish gianh thang lpi hon ba phan tu tat ca cac tran hp tham gia (voi ty le chien thang dang kinh ngac la 75,9%). Hai trong so' cac huan luyen vien truong ciia hp la Knute Rockne va Frank Leady co ty le chien thang cao nhat trong lich sii NCAA.
Tro lai nhung nam dau thap . nien 1980, Notre Dame da thue Gerry Faust lam huan luyen vien Hi?u 1ua c"a c& n M n v a
truong dpi bong. Ong la nguoi ke t 6 ' c M c l u 6 n # l* thu«n
, i • i . - - vai nang luc lanh dao. nhiem hai huan luyen vien tam co * la Ara Parseghian va Dan Devine, — = = = = = = = = — ca hai da nhieu lan dua dpi bong gianh chiic vo dich trong thai gian huan luyen va ciing dupe gioi thieu trong Phong Truyen thong Danh du Bong da Quo'c gia. Truoc khi den voi Notre Dame, Faust da co tham nien 18 nam lam huan luyen vien truang cho doi bong truang trung hpc Moeller va cung da dat dupe nhung ket qua dang kinh ngac 174-14-2. Dpi bong ciia ong da co bay miia giai toan thang va sau lan vo dich bang Ohio. Bon dpi ong tirng dan dat deu duac xep hang nhung dpi bong truang dai hpc manh nhat nuoc My.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Nhung khi ong toi Notre Dame, moi nguoi nhanh chong nhan ra nhung dieu khong phu hop. Ong co the lam mot huan luyen vien chien
Co rat nhieu nguoi thdng minh, tai nang va thanh cong nhung
lupc tot, nhung khong du kha nang ^ c h i d u t l g d m < t c d 6
dpi bong tam cd cua truong dai cua ho con han che. hoc. Trong sudt nam mua bong tai truong dai hpc, ong chi dat dupe ket qua 30-26-1 va ty le chien thang chi dat 53,5%, thap thii ba trong lich su bong da 100 nam cua trudng. Sau dd, Faust da huan luyen them cho dpi bdng thupc mpt trudng dai hpc khac, trudng Dai hpc Akron, noi dng ket thuc su nghiep vdi ket qua dang budn 43-53-3. Ong da trd thanh mdt minh chung nua cho Nguyen tac Gidi han.
Cd rat nhieu ngudi thdng minh, tai nang va thanh cdng, nhung cung chi dung d miic dd vi nang luc lanh dao ciia hp con han che. Apple khdi nghiep vao cudi nhung nam 1970 cung vdi Steve Wozniak, mpt tri tue tuyet vdi ve may vi tinh. Gidi han lanh dao ciia Apple hoi thap, nhung dong su ciia dng, Steve Jobs thi khac. Ong nay cd gidi han cao den ndi, dng da xay dung dupe mpt td chiic tam cd the gidi vdi gia tri len tdi 9 con so. Do la tac dpng ciia Nguyen tac Gidi han.
Tdi rung gap Don Stephenson, Chii tich ciia Global Hospitality Resource Inc. d San Diego, tieu bang California, mdt cdng ty tu van qudc te trong linh vuc du lich khach san. Trong bua trua toi hdi tham dng ve cdng ty. Bah dau, dng
lanh dao can thiet de tao nen mpt vi nang luc lanh dao
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NGUYEN TAC GIOI HAN
lam cong viec tu van, nhung sau do, cong ty ong tien toi thau torn viec quan ly cac khach san va khu nghi duong kinh doanh kem hieu qua do. Hp nhan thay nhieu noi co co so ha tang rat tot, nhu La Costa 6 Nam California.
Don noi rang, moi khi tu van, hp luon tien hanh hai viec truoc tien: Thu nhat, dao tao lai toan bp nhan vien, nang cao chat lupng phuc vu khach hang; thu hai, sa thai lanh dao. Khi ong noi voi toi nhu vay, toi vo cung ngac nhien.
"Ong luon sa thai hp?" Toi hoi. "Lan nao ding the?"
"Dung, lan nao cung the." Ong noi.
"Vay sao ong khong noi chuyen voi anh ta truoc, biet dau anh ta la mpt lanh dao gioi?" toi noi.
"Khong," ong tra loi. "Neu anh ta la mpt lanh dao gioi thi hoat dpng kinh doanh da khong toi te nhu vay."
Dung the. Do chinh la Nguyen tac Gioi han. De dat dupe hieu qua cao nhat, ban phai day gioi han len bang each nay hay each khac.
Nhung sa thai lanh dao khong phai la giai phap duy nhat. Trong cac bai dien thuyet cua minh, toi noi rang co mpt gioi han, va toi cung noi rang, ban co the nang gioi han do len - nhung do lai la chu de cua mpt nguyen tac khac trong nghe thuat lanh dao.
2
N G U Y E N T A C A N H H I / 6 N G
Thuac do chinh xdc nhat cua nghe thuat lanh dao Id anh huong
N eu ban khong tao dupe anh huong, ban se khong bao
gid din d3t dupe mpi nguoi. Vay ban do tam anh hudng bing each nao? Cau chuyen sau se tra ldi cau hdi dd cho ban. Cud'i mua he nam 1997, chiing ta dau xdt chiing kien cai chet ciia Cdng nuong Diana va Me Teresa. Be ngoai, hai ngudi hoan toan khac biet. Mpt ngudi la cdng nuong ciia vuong qudc Anh, cao rao, tre trung, quyen ru, song trong tang ldp thuong luu ciia xa hpi. Ngudi kia la mpt nu tu Cdng giao nhd be, cao tuoi, rung doat giai Nobel Hda binh,
21 NGUYEN TACVANG
sinh ra 6 Albania, hoat dong vi nhung nguoi ngheo nhat trong nhung ngudi ngheo o thanh pho Calcutta, An Dp.
Vay dieu ky la nao khieh hp co tam anh hudng giong nhau den vay. Nam 1996, mdt cupc trung cau ve nhan vat dang men nhat the gidi do LonDon Daily mail to chuc, da cdng bo Cdng nuong Diana dupe bau chpn d vi tri thu nhat va Me Teresa d vi tri thu hai. Dieu do se khong bao gid xay ra neu nhu hp khdng cd sue anh hudng Idn. Lam the nao de mpt ngudi nhu Cong nuong Diana lai dupe kinh trpng nhu each moi ngudi kinh trpng Me Teresa? Cau tra ldi la Cong nuong da the hien dupe sue manh ciia Nguyen tac Anh hudng.
DIANA DA NAM BAT l /OC M O CUA N H A N LOAI
Nam 1981, Diana trd thanh nhan vat dupe ndi den nhieu nhat toan cau khi len xe hoa cung Thai tu Vuong qudc Anh Charles. Gan mpt ty ngudi da chung kien le cudi ciia Diana dupe truyen hinh true tiep tir nha thd Thanh Paul's. Va tir dd, mpi ngudi khdng ngimg khai thac, dua tin ve ba. Mpi ngudi da bi ldi cudn theo Diana, tir mpt ngudi binh thudng, rung lam cd giao day tre nay trd thanh Cdng nuong ciia Vucrng qudc Anh. Ngay thdi gian dau, ba vd cung ngai ngiing trudc su chii y ciia mpi ngudi danh cho vp chong ba. Mpt so bai bao da cho rang Diana khdng thoai mai khi phai thuc hien nhung nghia vu ciia mpt cdng nuong trong hoang gia. Tuy nhien, qua thdi gian, ba da thich nghi vdi vai tro
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NGUYEN TAC ANH HUONG
mdi. Khi bat dau cac cudc vieng tham va dai dien cho hoang gia den mpi noi tren the gidi, ba nhanh chdng xac dinh muc tieu cho minh la phuc vu mpi ngudi va gay quy cho hang loat to chuc tu thien. Trong cac hoat ddng dd, ba xay dung dupe nhieu moi quan he quan trpng vdi cac chinh tri gia, nhung ngudi sang lap cac to chuc nhan dao, cac nghe si, cac nguyen thu. Liic dau, ba don gian chi la mdt phat ngon vien va mdt ngudi xuc tac cho viec gay quy, nhung thdi gian troi qua, anh hudng ciia ba trd nen sau rpng hon - kha nang ciia ba da phat huy tac dung.
Diana bat dau tap hpp mpi ngudi thuc hien cac cdng viec cu the nhu nghien cuu benh AIDS, cham sdc nhung ngudi bi phong cui va dau tranh chd'ng viec rai bom min. Ve van de bom min, ba cd anh hudng kha tot den cac nha lanh dao tren the gidi. Trong chuyen vieng tham My, chi vai thang trudc khi ba qua ddi, ba da gap cac thanh vien trong chinh quyen Clinton de thuyet phuc hp ling hp Hpi nghj Oslo ve cam sii dung bom min. Va chi vai tuan sau do, hp da thay ddi quan diem. Patrick Fuller thupc Hpi chu thap dd Anh da ndi: "Van de ba ay tap trung thu hut su chii y da tac dpng den Clinton. Khdng con nghi ngd gi nua, ba da dat van de nay len ban nghi su ciia the gidi."
SI/ NOI BAT CUA MQT NHA LANH DAO
Dau tien, cai ten Cdng nuong Diana chi dem den cho ba mpt vi tri de ndi chuyen, dien thuyet, nhung khdng lau sau, ba da tao dupe tam anh hudng ciia rieng minh. Nam 1996,
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
khi ba ly di Thai tir Charles, ba da mat danh hieu Cong nuong, nhung su mat mat ay khong he giam bdt tam anh huong ciia ba voi moi nguoi. Thay vao do, anh huong ciia ba tiep tuc lan toa trong khi do anh huong ciia "Khi ban da la mot nhd thai tir va hoang gia lai giam di Xanh dao cu khdi, moi dang ke - mac dii tudc hieu hoang nguoi se di theo ban dii gia ciia hp van con nguyen. Tai sao ban d bat cii noi nao, chi vay? Diana da hieu sau sac ve vi tinh hieu ky." Nguyen tac Anh huong. - Colin Powell
Tham chi cai chet ciia Diana — : ^ z i = ^ ^ = = = — ciing tao anh huong sau rpng. Khi le tang ciia ba dupe truyen hinh true tiep va dai BBC truyen thanh, nguoi ta da dich chuang trinh ra 44 thu tieng. NBC udc doan tong so khan thinh gia theo doi chuang trinh nay len toi 2,5 ty nguoi - gap hai lan so ngudi theo ddi dam cudi ciia ba.
VAN DE LANH DAO
Cdng nuong Diana da dupe mieu ta bang nhieu hinh anh khac nhau. Nhung chua bao gid toi nghe thay ngudi ta sir dung tir lanh dao de ndi ve Diana. Thuc ra dd mdi la tir chuan nhat. Riit cue, ba da lam cho nhieu viec xay ra, bdi vi ba la mpt ngudi cd anh hudng va nghe thuat lanh dao chinh la anh hudng - khdng hem, khong kem.
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NGUYEN TAC ANH HUONG
L A N H D A O KHONG PHAI LA. . .
Co rat nhieu khai niem nham lan ve cong viec lanh dao. Khi hp nghe thay ai do co mpt chuc danh an tupng hay mpt vi tri lanh dao nao do, hp cho rang ong ay la mpt nha lanh dao. Dieu do khong hoan toan diing. Chiic danh khong co nhieu gia tri khi di vao cong viec cu the. Su lanh dao thuc chat khong phai do ban thudng, chi dinh hay phan cong. No do sue anh hudng tao — ^ — nen, va khong the uy nhiem ma phai tim kiem, gay dung. Chi co mpt thii duy nhat ma chiic danh hieu mang lai - no cd the giiip gia tang miic dp anh hudng ciia ban ddi vdi mpi ngudi, song no cung cd the chdn vui danh vpng ciia ban trong chop nhoang.
Chi co mot thii duy nhat md chuc danh mang lai -no co the gia tang muc do
anh hudng ciia ban dot vdi moi ngudi, song no ciing co the chon vui
danh vong ciia ban trong chop nhoang.
N A M N G 0 N H A N VE L A N H D A O
Cd hang loat khai niem ngp nhan ma ngudi ta gan cho nha lanh dao va nghe thuat lanh dao. Dudi day la nam trudng hop thudng gap:
1. NgO nh$n ve qu£n ly
Hau het mpi ngudi thudng nham lanh dao va quan ly la mpt. Cd mdt so sach ve van de lanh dao nhung lai cd npi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
dung ve quan ly. Diem khac biet Ion nhat giua hai vi tri la lanh dao thi tao anh huong de moi ngudi tuan theo, trong khi quan ly thi tap trung duy tri, giu vung he thdng va tien trinh san xuat. Nhu Lee Iacocca, nguyen Chu tich kiem Giam doc Dieu hanh tap doan Chrysler da vi von: "Nhung nha quan ly gioi ddi khi giong nhu mdt chu be vdi mdt con cho to, cau ay chd xem con cho muon di dau rdi cau dat no tdi chd do."
Cach tot nhat de biet mot ngudi cd the lanh dao hay chi lam quan ly la de nghi ho tao ra nhung thay ddi tich cue. Nha quan ly co the hep tuc duy tri phuong hudng ciia to chiic nhung hp khdng the thay ddi. De dua mpi ngudi tdi mdt dinh hudng mdi, ban can cd siic anh hudng.
2. NgO nh$n ve doanh nhan
Mpi ngudi thudng cho rang tat ca nhung nhan vien ban hang va doanh nhan deu la lanh dao. Dieu dd khdng hoan toan diing. Vi du ve nhung chuong trinh quang cao chao hang ciia Cong ty Thuong mai Roncon tren truyen hinh vai nam trudc day. Hp chao ban nhung mat hang nhu Veg-O-Matic, can cau bd hii va may danh triing. Dd la san pham tri tue ciia mpt dpanh nhan cd ten la Rpn Popeil. Ong dupe tdn vinh la Nhan vien ban hang ciia the ky, va ten ciia dng cung nhieu lan xuat hien tren cac thong tin ve san pham thud'c xit chd'ng rung tdc, thiet bi say thuc pham.
Popeil that su la mpt ngudi cd sang kien, dam hanh dpng va thanh cdng, dac bi?t neu ban danh gia ong qua sd tien 300
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NGUYEN TAC ANH HUONG
trieu do-la ma ong da kiem duoc tu viec ban cac san pham cua minh. Nhung dieu do chua dii de ong trd thanh mot nha lanh dao. Moi ngudi cd the mua nhung mat hang dng ban nhung hp khong tuan theo dng. Dieu kha kham nhat dng cd the lam la thuyet phuc dupe mpi nguoi (mua hang cua minh), nhung keo dai anh hudng doi vdi hp thi khong.
3. NgO nh$n ve tri tu$
Fracis Bacon da ndi: "Tri thuc la siic manh." Hau het mpi ngudi tin siic manh la ban chat ciia su lanh dao, va nghiem nhien cho rang nhung ngudi hieu biet va thong minh la nhung nha lanh dao. Khdng the hieu may mdc nhu vay. Ban cd the de dang tim kiem nhung nha khoa hpc tai gidi va nhung triet gia uyen tham ma chuyen mdn ciia hp dupe danh gia rat cao, tham chi vupt ra khdi khung xep hang, nhung kha nang lanh dao ciia hp lai thap den noi khdng the xep hang dupe. IQ khdng the danh dong vdi nang luc lanh dao.
4. Ng$ nh$n ve ngircYI din diu
Mdt khai niem nham lan nua la cii ai dan dau mpt dam ddng, ngudi dd la lanh dao. Nhung dung d vi tri dau khdng phai bao gid cung la lanh dao. Nhu cau chuyen ve Edmund Hillary, ngudi dau tien chinh phuc dinh Everest. Tir su ki£n lich sir nam 1953, da cd rat nhieu ngudi "tiep budc" ong de dat dupe ky tich do. Nhung tat ca nhung dieu dd khdng lam cho Hillary trd thanh mpt nha lanh dap. Tham chi ong khdng phai la lanh dao ciia chuyen tham hiem lich sir dd, ma la John Hunt. Nam 1958, Hillary thuc hien hanh trinh
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
tham hiem Nam cue trong chuong trinh Tham hiem xuyen Nam Cue cua Khd'i Thinh Vupng chung, lanh dao chuyen tham hiem do la Vivian Fuchs. De tro thanh mpt nha lanh dao, anh khong chi can vupt len phia truoc ma phai lam cho mpi ngudi theo anh, tuan thii su dan dat ciia anh va hanh dpng trong tam mat ciia anh.
5. NgQ nh$n ve chuc vy
Nhu da de cap d tren, quan niem chiic vu quy dinh viec lanh dao la hieu lam nghiem trpng nhat. Stanley Huffty da khang dinh: "Chiic vu khdng tao nen lanh dao ma chinh lanh dao tao ra chiic vu."
Hay nhin vao nhung gi da xay ra vai nam trudc d cdng ty quang cao Saatchi & Saatchi. Nam 1994, nhung nha dau tu ciia Saatchi & Saatchi da gay siic ep bupc hpi ddng quan tri phe'trua't Maurice Saatchi, giam ddc -dieu hanh ciia cdng ty. Ket qua ra sao? Mpt so thanh vien trong hpi "Chiec vu khong tao nen dong quan tri cung da tu bd cong ty l i n h **' m a c M n h l i n h
.. ,. , • dao tao ra chiic vu." de di theo ong. Dieu do xay ra ca vdi nhung cdng ty con quan trpng - Stanley Huffty nhat nhu British Airway hay hang — — banh keo Mars. Siic anh hudng ciia Saatchi that to Idn, su ra di ciia dng lam cho cd phieu ciia cdng ty tren thi trudng chiing khoan sut gia hi 85/s dd-la xud'ng con 4 do-la mpt cd phie'u. Dd chinh la ket qua ciia Nguyen tac Anh hudng. Saatchi da mat chiic danh, nhung dng van tiep tuc la mpt nha lanh dao.
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NGUYEN TAC ANH HUONG
NHA LANH DAO THl/C THU?
Ca nhan toi hoc duoc Nguyen tac Anh huong khi nhan cong viec dau tien tai mot nha thd nho vung ngoai 6 Indiana, ngay sau khi tot nghiep dai hoc. Day la cong viec hoan toan phu hop voi kha nang ciia toi. Toi da lam viec 6 day voi tu each la muc su chinh, dieu do nghia la toi nam giu vj tri va chiic danh ciia mot nha lanh dao mpt to chiic ton giao. Toi da co bang dai hpc chinh quy. Toi cung da dupe phong chiic. Va them vao do, toi da dupe hpc tu cha ciia toi, mpt muc su xuat sac va mpt nha lanh dao kha kinh trong Giao hpi. Co ve nhu toi co mot ly lich tuyet vdi -nhung nhung dieu dd chua the lam cho toi trd thanh nha lanh dao. Trong cupc hpp toan ban lanh dao dau tien ciia toi, toi da nhanh chdng tim ra ai la lanh dao that su d day (toi se ke cho ban toan bp cau chuyen trong Nguyen tac E. F. Hutton.) Tdi tiep tuc giu vi tri dd trong ba nam tiep theo. Tdi da hpc dupe Nguyen tac Anh hudng va nhan thiic dupe rang can lam viec cham chi de tao anh hudng d bat ky to chiic nao va de kiem tim quyen trd thanh lanh dao.
LANH DAO LA...
Lanh dao la anh hudng - khong hon, khong kem. Khi ban trd thanh hpc trd ciia nhung nha lanh dao, cung nhu toi, ban cung nhan ra duoc cap dp anh hudng ciia mpi ngudi trong mpi tinh hudng thudng ngay quanh ban. Sau day la mpt vi du. Nam 1997, tdi den Atlanta, Georgia. Cung ciing nam dd, Dan Reeves trd thanh huan luyen vien ciia dpi NFL's
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Atlanta Falcons. Toi that su rat vui khi biet tin do. Reeves la mot huan luyen vien va la nha lanh dao xuat sac. Mac dii ong danh hau het thdi gian lam huan luyen vien cho New York Giants nhung Reeves lai tao dung uy tin vdi vai tro huan luyen vien trudng ciia Denver Broncos. Tir nam 1981 den nam 1992, dng da dat duoc mot ket qua xuat sac 117-79-1, dat duoc ba giai Super Bowl va nhan duoc danh hieu Huan luyen vien ciia nam ciia NFL.
Cho dii Reeves thanh cong d Denver, nhung khong phai liic nao cung suon se. Ngudi ta biet rang dng cd bat ddng vdi tien ve John Elway va huan luyen vien phd Mike Shanahan. Nguyen nhan nao dan den su bat dong nay? Co tin ddn rang trong sudt miia giai 1989, Shanahan va Elway thinh thoang da tu lam theo y minh ma khdng theo so do tan cdng ciia Reeves. Toi khong biet thong tin do chinh xac tdi miic nao, nhung neu dd la su that thi Shanahan chii khdng phai Reeves, da cd anh hudng Idn ddi vdi tien ve Denver. Mac cho Reeves mang chiic vu va quyen hanh cua mdt huan luyen vien trudng. Mac cho trudc dd Reeves la mdt huan luyen vien gidi. Shanahan da trd thanh lanh dao cd anh hudng hon ddi vdi cuoc song ciia tien ve Elway. Va lanh dao la anh hudng.
Shanahan rdi Broncos cuoi miia giai dd, nhung dng da trd lai nam 1995 vdi cuong vj huan luyen vien trudng ciia dpi. Ong da dat dupe chiic danh ma ban than ong da that su co trong su anh hudng tdi mpt so cau thii: vi lanh dao ciia hp. Va bay gid su lanh dao dd da dupe den bu thda dang. Thang 1 nam 1998, ong dan dSt dpi bong Denver Broncos va tien ve John Elway gianh chiic vd dich Super Bowl dau tien.
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NGUYEN TAC ANH HUONG
LANH DAO KHONG CO DONG CO
Toi that su kinh ne va kham phuc kha nang lanh dao cua anh ban tot cua toi, Bill Hybels. Anh cung la muc su chinh giao doan Willow Creek 6 Nam Barrington, Illinois, mpt giao doan Ion nhat 6 phia bac nude My. Bill noi, anh tin rang lanh dao giao hpi la cong viec lanh dao chiu nhieu thu thach nhat trong xa hpi. Rat nhieu doanh nhan da ngac nhien khi nghe phat bieu nay, nhung toi nghi anh da diing. Anh tin nhu vay dua tren co so nao? Chiic vi se khong co hieu luc gi trong nhung to chiic tinh nguyen. Boi vi neu mpt lanh dao khong co dpng co - khong co anh huong - "Bdn chat cua sue manh ngudi do vo tich su. Trong nhung dnh huong nam trong to chiic kha, nguoi co chiic danh se hanh dong dua moi nguoi co ngay dpng co. Trong quan dpi, cung tham gia." lanh dao co the dung quyen hanh, - Harry A. Overstreet cap bac va neu nhu co gi sai sot, hp co the tong co ngudi ta vao phong giam. Trong kinh doanh, nhung dng chii lam viec vdi ddng co to Idn dudi dang tien luong, lpi nhuan, thii lao. Nhiing ngudi dupe lanh dao hau nhu rat hpp tac vi mieng com manh ao.
Nhung vdi nhiing to chiic tinh nguyen nhu giao hpi, cung nhu nha thd, thi chi cd mpt thii hieu qua la lanh dao trong su tinh tiiy ciia no. Nhung nha lanh dao cd mpt thii duy nhat la anh hudng nudi dudng hp. Va cung nhu Harry A. Overstreet da nhan thay: "Ban chat ciia siic manh anh hudng nam trong
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
hanh ddng dura mpi ngudi cung tham gia." Trong nhung to chuc tinh nguyen, chung ta khdng the ra lenh hay yeu cau mpi nguoi lam viec theo y muon ciia minh. Neu ngudi lanh dao khong co siic anh hudng vdi hp, hp se khong theo nua. Gan day, khi toi chia se nhan xet ay vdi mdt nhom khoang 150 giam doc dieu hanh ciia nganh san xuat xe hoi, toi da nhan thay nhung "bong den" bat sang toan bp can phong. Va khi tdi dua ra mpt ldi khuyen nho nhd, hp da that su cam thay phan chan. Va hien tai, toi ciing dang chia se cung mdt gop y vdi ban. Neu ban la mpt nha doanh nghiep va ban that su mudn tim kiem ai dd co kha nang lanh dao, hay de hp lam nhung cong viec tinh nguyen trong cong ddng. Neu hp cd the lam cho mpi ngudi theo minh trong khi hp dang thuc hien cdng viec phuc vu tai hpi chu thap do, mdt mit giao thong, hay mpt nha thd dia phuang, ban se biet hp that su cd anh hudng - va co kha nang lanh dao.
Tl/ SI QUAN CHI HUY XUONG BINH NHI LEN TONG T l / LENH
Mpt trong nhung cau chuyen thii vi minh hoa cho Nguyen tac Anh hudng la cau chuyen ve Tong thdng Abraham Lincoln. Nam 1832, vai nam trudc khi dng trd thanh tong thd'ng, chang thanh nien tre Lincoln da tap hap mpt nhdm quan linh tham gia Chien tranh Dieu hau Den. Ngay ay, nhiing ngudi diing ra tap hpp mpt nhdm tham gia quan dpi nghiem nhien la lanh dao va trd thanh chi huy. O day, Lincoln dupe phong quan ham Dai liy.
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NGUYEN TAC ANH HUONG
Nhung Lincoln da gap kho khan. Ong chang biet gi ve quan dpi ca. Ong cung chang co chut kinh nghiem nao ve chi huy hay chien thuat. Ngay ca viec nho nhung thu tuc don gian nhat trong quan doi ong ciing gap van de. Vi du nhu mpt lain, Lincoln dan hai nhom hanh quan doc theo mot canh dong va can ra lenh cho hp di qua mpt chiec cong de sang canh dong khac. The nhung ong cung khong lam dupe. Sau nay, khi nho lai, ong da thua nhan: "Toi khong the nao nho noi mot menh lenh de cho quan ciia toi dimg lai. Cuoi ciing, khi chiing toi da den gan canh Cuoi thbi ky phuc vu cong, toi ho to: 'Dpi quan nay dupe quart ngii, Abraham 'giai tan' trong hai phut, va tap hpp Lincoln da tim thay vi lai d ben kia canh cong.'" tri phii hop nhat, do la
_ , . „. „, , . cap bac binh nhi. Then gian troi qua, tam anh
huong ciia Lincoln voi mpi nguoi — . . _ _ — trong quan ngii da bi suy giam. Trong khi nhung si quan khac dupe thang tien va len cap, Lincoln lai tim cho rieng minh mpt huong di khac. Ong bat dau voi nhung chuc vi ciia mpt nguoi chi huy nhung no chi mang lai cho ong chut ich lpi nho nhoi. Ong da khong nam ngoai Nguyen tac Anh huong. Cudi thdi ky phuc vu quan ngu, Lincoln da tim thay vi tri phii hpp nhat, dd la cap bac binh nhi.
That may man cho Lincoln va cho van menh quo'c gia . Ong da vupt qua cai sd doan gay anh hudng len ngudi khac. Tiep theo thdi gian phuc vu quan dpi, dng da lam nhung cong viec khong may ndi bat tai Co quan Lap phap bang
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Illinois va Ha vien My. Nhung thdi gian troi di voi no lire Ion va kinh nghiem ban than, ong da trd thanh mdt ngudi co tac dong sau sac va anh hudng Idn lao vdi moi ngudi.
Day la cham ngon ve lanh dao ma toi ua thich: "Anh ta nghi minh dang lanh dao nhung chang co ai theo thi chi la dang di dao bd." Neu ban khong the tac dong len moi ngudi, ho se khong theo ban. Va neu ho khong theo ban thi ban khong phai la mdt nha lanh dao. Do la Nguyen tac Anh hudng. Bat ke ai dd noi vdi ban dieu gi, hay nhd lanh dao la su anh hudng - khong hon, khong kem.
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N G U Y E N T A C T I E N T R I N H
Ndng luc lanh dao phat trien timg ngay, khdng phai ngay mot ngay hai
A nne Scheiber qua ddi thang 1 nam 1995, hudng thp
101 rud'i. Bay lau cu sdng trong mpt can phong thue xudng cap chat chpi, trong mpt khu chung cu d Manhattan vdi gia 400 dd-la mpt thang.
Scheiber da sdng bang trp cap xa hpi va mpt khoan luong huu it di, linh tu nam 1943, sau thdi gian lam kiem toan lai Sd Thue. Cdng viec d day khdng tot lam. Chinh xac hon, hp chang tao dieu kien gi cho ba. Mac du cd bang Luat va kha nang lam viec xuat sac nhung ba khdng he dupe
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
de bat. Khi ve huu 6 tuoi 51, ba cung chi kiem duoc 3.150 do-la moi nam.
"Ba ay khong duoc dai ngo xung dang" nhu loi cua Benjamin Clark, mot nguoi ding biet den cu nhu bao nguoi khac. "Phai xoay xo dii each."
Scheiber that su la mot mau guong can kiem. Ba khong he chi phi cho ban than. Do dac trong nha sap hong vi qua cu, ba ay cung khong thay moi. Nhat bao la thu qua xa xi doi vdi ba. Tuan mpt lan, ba den thu vien cdng cdng de dpc Wall Street Journal.
VAN MAY 1\S TREN TROT ROI XUONG
Thii tudng tupng Norman Lamm, Hieu trudng trudng Dai hpc Yeshiva d thanh phd' New York ngac nhien nhu the nao khi dng nhan dupe td di chiic tir Scheiber, mdt cu ba nho nhan dng chua he biet ten, chua timg hoc d Yeshiva da de lai toan bd tai san cho trudng.
"Khi nhan dupe to di chiic, toi nhu dang bay bdng, cii nhu ciia troi cho vay," Lamn ndi, "ngudi phu nu nay da trd thanh chuyen cd tich trong dem."
Tai san ciia Scheiber de lai cho trudng Dai hoc Yeshiva khong dudi 22 trieu do-la.
Lam the nao mpt ngudi phu nu dpc than ve huu 50 nam danh dum dupe so tien khdng Id ay tren the gidi nay?
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NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH
Day la cau tra loi. Nam 1943, Anne Scheiber nghi huu. Ba da xoay so va tiet kiem duoc mot khoan hen 5.000 do-la. Ba dau tu mon tien nay vao chung khoan. Nam 1950, loi nhuan du de mua 1.000 co phie'u cua tap doan Schering-Plough, sau day len gia toi 10.000 do-la. Ba nam giu chung va de cho gia tri tu phat trien. Theo thai gian, nhung co phie'u ay da sinh ra 128.000 co phie'u vai trj gia 7,5 trieu do-la.
Bi quyet thanh cong ciia Scheiber la ba da danh phan Ion cuoc doi de tao dung gia trj ciia minh. Bat ke gia co phie'u len hay xudng ba cung khong ban no vai tu tuong: "Ta co dii von roi, gia la liic vung tien thoi." Ba da keo mpt me ludi cue dai hoi. Co tiic lien tuc dupe sii dung cho tai dau tu. Ba da dau tu thoi gian ciia cupc doi ba cho cong viec do. Trong khi nhung nguoi gia khac thi lo lang rang hp se het tien truoc khi qua dai thi ba cang song lau, va cang giau co. De phat trien tai chinh, Scheiber da hieu va ap dung Nguyen tac Tien trinh.
LANH DAO GIONG NHL/ DAU Tl/
Tro thanh lanh dao va dau tu chung khoan thanh cong co su tuong dong Ion. Neu ban hy vpng gap van may trpng mpt ngay thi ban se chang bao gid thanh cdng. Dieu quan trpng nhat la ngay ngay ban lam gi vdi mpt me ludi Idn. Tag Short, ban tdi ap li : "Bi quyet thanh cdng ciia chiing ta nam trong ljch lam viec hang ngay." Neu ban lien tuc trau ddi nang luc lanh dao ciia minh, de cho nhung "vdn quy nhat" ciia ban hda trpn lai thi nhung ket qua se dupe tang len theo thai gian.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Khi toi thuyet trinh ve nghe thuat lanh dao trong cac hoi thao, moi nguoi thuong hoi toi: Co phai cac nha lanh dao dang duoc sinh ra? Toi noi: "Diing, tat nhien... Toi chua gap vi nao buoc vao the gioi nay bang each khac". Chiing toi cung cudi, sau do, tdi dua ra cau tra ldi nghiem hie - mpt ngudi cd kha nang lanh dao hay khdng.
Mac dii phai thua nhan rang co mpt so nguoi sinh ra da dupe "troi phii" hon nguoi khac, kha nang lanh dao that su hpi tu nhung ky
nang, gan nhu tat ca nhung ky nang ay deu cd the linh hpi va trau ddi dupe. Nhung day khdng phai la tien trinh mpt dem. Lanh dao la cdng viec phiic tap. No cd rat nhieu mat: su tdn trpng, kinh nghiem, siic manh tinh than, ky nang con ngudi, ky luat, tam nhin, dpng luc, thdi gian va rat nhieu yeu to khac nua. Cd the thay, rat nhieu yeu td cd vai tro trong van de lanh dao la nhung yeu to khdng cu the. Do vay ma chi den gid, khi da 51 tud'i, tdi mdi that su bat dau hieu rd rang ve nhieu mat ciia nghe thuat lanh dao.
LANH DAO HQC HOI
Khi nghien cuu 90 nha lanh dao hang dau trong mpi linh vuc, hai chuyen gia ve thuat lanh dao la Warren Bennis va
Trd thanh lanh dao va ddu tu chung khoan
thanh cdng co su tuong dong Ion. Neu ban hy vong gap van may trong mot ngay thi ban se chang bao gid thanh cdng. Dieu quan trong nhat la
ngay ngay ban lam gi vdi mdt me ludi Idn.
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NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH
Burt Nanus da kham pha ra moi lien quan giua tang truong va nang luc lanh dao: "Chinh kha nang phat trien va nang cao ky nang cua minh la su khac biet giua nguoi lanh dao va nhung nguoi tuan theo ho-" Nguoi lanh dao thanh cong luon hoc hoi. Qua trinh hoc hoi dien ra la ket qua cua qua trinh tu duong ban than va lao dpng ben bi. Moi ngay phai tien them mpt chut, tiep noi nhung gi ngay horn qua da dat dupe.
BON GIAI DOAN TRUCJNG THANH CUA N A N G LUC L A N H DAO
Cho dii ban co dupe nang luc lanh dao troi phii hay khong, ban se phan dau truang thanh ve nang luc lanh dao theo nhung gi xay ra trong boh giai doan dudi day:
Giai doan 1: TOI khdng Diet minh kh6ng Diet dieu gi
Hau het moi nguoi nham lan truoc khi nhan ra dau la gia tri ciia su lanh dao. Hp tin rang lanh dap chi danh cho mpt so nguoi - nhung nguoi d tam cao nhat ciia cong ty. Hp chang biet gi ve ca hpi hp dang vuon tai nhung lai khong chiu hpc hoi each lanh dao. Hieu truong ciia mpt truang Dai hpc than thd vdi tdi rang chi cd mpt Mot nguoi chua biet nhdm nhd sinh vien dang ky hpc minh khong biet dieu gi khoa lanh dao do nha trudng to se khdng the phat trien. chiic. Tai sao vay? Chi cd vai ngudi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
nghi ban than ho la lanh dao. Neu hp biet rang lanh dao la anh huong, rang moi ngay moi chiing ta deu co gang gay anh huong voi it nhat boh ngudi khac, thi ho chac da bung len khao khat dupe hpc them mon nay. Nhung dang tie'e, mpt nguoi chua biet minh khong biet dieu gi se khong the phat trien.
Glal doan 2: Tdi Diet minh khdng Diet dieu gl
Doi khi vao dip nao do, chiing ta dupe dat trong vi tri lanh dao chi de quan sat xung quanh va tim xem ke nao khong tuan thii chiing ta. Do la khi chiing ta nhan ra can phai hpc each lanh dao. Tat nhien, do la co hpi bat dau den trinh. Thii tuong Anh Benjamin Disraeli da khon kheo binh luan: "Tinh tao nhan ra su dot nat ciia minh la buoc di Idn nhat ciia tri tue."
Do la nhung gi xay ra vdi toi khi nhan vi tri lanh dao dau tien nam "Tinh tao nhan ra 1969. Tdi giu vi tri dpi trudng cac su-dot nat cua minh Id dpi the thao sud't cupc ddi va rung buoc di Ion nhat la chii tich hpi sinh vien. Toi da cua tri tu^." tudng minh la lanh dao. Nhung khi _ Benjamin Disraeli toi co gang lanh dao mpi ngudi trong cupc sdng, tdi mdi thay thuc te phu phang. No thiic giuc tdi tap trung ngudn luc va hpc tap tu thuc te do. Hon nua, tdi cung cd them mpt y tudng khac. Tdi da viet thu cho 10 nha lanh dao tai nang nhat trong linh vuc ciia minh, de nghj hp danh cho tdi nua gid trao doi vdi thu lao 100 dd-la. (Dd la nhung gi tdi da lam trong nam
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NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH
1969). Vai nam tiep theo, toi cung vo, Margaret danh ky nghi 6 nhung noi cac nhan vat do song. Neu mot nha lanh dao 6 Cleveland dong y voi de nghi cua toi, thi ky nghi nam do chiing toi se den Cleveland, toi se gap duoc ong ta. Y tuong do ciia toi that su hieu qua. Ho da chia se voi toi nhung dieu quy gia ma khong each nao khac mang lai duoc.
Giai doan 3: T6I trudng thanh, nh$n biet, va bat diu the hl$n
Khi ban nhan ra su yeu kem ve ky nang lanh dao va bat dau ren luyen ban than de phat trien nang luc lanh dao, dam me se bat dau phat trien.
BON GIAI DOAN TRLfOTSJG THANH CUA LANH DAO
KHONG HIEU QUA Z <<• X z o z o X 2
HIEU QUA Toi khdng biei minh khong biei
dieu gi c
Toi di de dang nhd nhiing gi minh biet
t Toi biei luinh khdng frieS*^.
dieu gi
Toi/rubng ^Jbtmh, vd bie't
rang dieu dd bat ddu the hien
Khi toi giang cho mpt nhom o Denver, toi da nhan ra mpt cau hpc tro 19 tuoi ten la Brian rat kha. Trong hai ngay, toi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
quan sat thay cau ay ghi chep rat miet mai. Toi da danh vai phut trong gid giai lao noi chuyen voi cau. Va trong khi toi giang ve Nguyen tac Tien trinh, toi da goi Brian diing day de mpi nguoi deu nghe dupe. Toi noi: "Brian, thay nhan thay em rat cham chi hpc tap, va rat an tupng voi each em khao khat hpc hoi, lupm lat va phat trien. Thay muon noi voi em mpt bi quyet co the thay doi cupc doi em." Tat ca mpi nguoi trong hpi truong deu cham chii lang nghe.
"Thay tin rang khoang 20 nam nua, em co the la mpt nha lanh dao Ion. Thay muon khich le em hpc hoi ve nghe thuat lanh dao ben bi va lau dai. Dpc sach, nghe bang thuong xuyen, va nen du nhieu hpi thao. Va bat ke khi nao em bat gap nhung loi hay, y dep co y nghia cho tuong lai ciia em, hay luu giu lai."
"No khong phai la mpt cong viec de dang," toi noi. "Nhung trong nam nam nua, em se nhan thay su anh huong ciia em se manh me hon. Muoi nam nua, em se phat trien kha nang lanh dao that su hieu qua. Va 20 nam nua, khi em 39 tuoi, neu em van tiep tuc hpc hoi va phat trien ky nang lanh dao, mpi nguoi se bat dau moi em day hp ve lanh dao. Va mpi ngudi trong so hp se ngac nhien. Liic dd, hp nhin nhau va hdi nhau: Lam the nao anh ay tu nhien gidi nhu vay nhi?'"
"Brian, em cd the la mpt nha lanh dao gidi, nhung dieu dd se khdng xay ra trong ngay mpt ngay hai. Hay bat dau phan dau hi hdm nay."
Dieu gi diing vdi Brian cung se diing vdi ban. Hay bat dau phat trien kha nang lanh dao cua ban ngay hdm nay va
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NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH
mot ngay nao do ban se nhan thay cong dung ciia Nguyen tac Tien trinh.
Glal doan 4: T6I dl di dang nhd nhung gl minh Diet
Khi ban 6 giai doan 3, ban da co dupe anh huong that su ciia mpt nha lanh dao, nhung ban se phai de y tat ca mpi viec ban lam. Tuy nhien, khi ban dat den giai doan 4, kha nang lanh dao ciia ban da gan nhu tu dpng. Do la ket qua ciia qua trinh day cong luyen tap. Nhung chi co mpt con duong de dat dupe no, do la ap dung Nguyen tac Tien trinh va no luc phan dau.
L A N H D A O NGAY M A I , HOC H O I H O M NAY
Nang luc lanh dao dupe phat trien qua ca qua trinh chii khong chi ngay mpt ngay hai. No la doi hoi ciia Nguyen tac Tien trinh. Benjamin Disraeli khang dinh: "Bi quyet thanh cong danh cho nguoi san sang don nhan khi no toi." Muc tieu se khong con la van de kho khan voi nhung ngudi kien dinh ren luyen ban than va san ' sang don nhan no. De tro thanh mpt huyeri thoai, cau thii bong rd " m t h a n h c6n& Larry Bird da phai luyen tap nem danh cho ai sdn sdng don i ' «• ,. ' 1 u • . ' • nhdn khi no toi" bong 500 lan moi sang truoc khi toi trudng. De trd thanh nha hiing - Benjamin Disraeli bien vi dai nhat ljch sir nhan loai,
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
bat chap tat noi ngpng bam sinh, nha hung bien co Hy Lap, Demosthenes da luyen tap bang each doc thupc long nhung doan tho voi mieng ngam day da va dien thuyet truoc song bien. Tan tuy la dieu kien de ban tro thanh mpt nha lanh dao Ion.
Dieu dang mirng la kha nang lanh dao ciia chiing ta khong mang tinh chat tinh. Bat ke ban bit dau tu dau, ban deu co the linh hdi va phat trien nhung ky nang lanh dao ciia minh. Dieu do hoan toan chinh xac, tham chi diing vdi Ca nhung ngudi da va dang giu nhung vj tri lanh dao qudc te. Hau Tiet nhung tong thong My deu dat dupe anh hudng cao nhat khi dang tai vi, mpt so khac tiep tuc nang tam anh hudng sau do nhu cuu Tong thong Jimmy Carter. Khi Carter con diing dau Nha Trang, van co mpt so ngudi ban khoan ve kha nang lanh dao ciia ong. Nhung anh hudng ciia dng ngay cang trd nen sau rpng va manh me. Nhung cd'ng hien het minh cho td chiic Nha d Nhan dao va cac to chiic khac da mang lai cho dng tam anh hudng to Idn. Hien nay d Mali, cong lao ciia dng da dupe ghi nhan trong viec xda sach can benh nhiem giun Guinea. Mpi nguoi deu rat cam phuc con ngudi va tinh than cdng hien ciia dng.
DAU TRANH CHO CON DUTJNG PHIA TRUCfC
Ngudi xua cd cau: "Vd dich khdng bao gid den tir nhung vong nguyet que, dd chi la su ghi nhan." Chinh xac. Neu ban mudn biet con dudng dat dupe chiic vd dich ciia mpt ngudi,
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NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH
hay nhin hanh trinh hang ngay cua anh ta. Ciru vo dich quyen anh hang nang, Joe Frafier da khang dinh: "Ban co the vach ke hoach cho tuong lai, hay ke hoach cho mot tran dau. Song khi tran dau dien ra, ban se thay rat ro. Do la con duong phan dau ciia ban. Neu ban lua doi trong v 3 d^ch k h 6 n g b a o g i a
su nhom nhoam ciia buoi binh minh d f n tic nhiing vong thi ban se bi phoi tran dudi nhung nguyet que, do chi la bong den phale trong giay phut hien sughi nhqn. tai." Tap luyen quyen anh tuong tu vdi sir phat trien ky nang lanh dao bdi vi no cung can su chuan bi hang ngay. Tham chi nhung ngudi da cd nang khieu bam sinh cung can phai chuan bi va luyen tap hang ngay de thanh cong.
Mot trong nhung nha lanh dao vi dai nhat oia My la mdt cd dong vien cuong nhiet ciia mdn dam bd'c, Tong thdng Theodore Roosevelt. Ong cd mdt cau ndi ndi tieng van dung su tuong ddng vdi dam bd'c.
No khong danh cho nhung nguoi binh luan diing, sai; no khong danh cho nhung nguoi co kha nang chi ra nhung diem manh, diem yeu; no ciing khong phai la noi ghi dau nhung chien cong. Phan thuong chi danh cho nhung nguoi buoc ra tir dau truong, khuon mat ciia hp bj tray trua bai cat bui, mo hoi va mau, nguoi can truong vuot len; nguoi mac nhung sai lam ngay cang it, nguoi biet dinh cao nhat ciia nhiet huye't la su cong hien va danh ca cupc doi cho nhi£m vu vinh quang; nguoi trong niem vinh quang nhat, da duoc thu thach qua nhung giay phut thang hoa chien thang ciia nhung thanh qua Ion. Trong giay phut toi t£
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
nhat, neu anh chien bai, it nhat anh ciing that bai khi anh co tinh than kien cuong cao dp. Chinh vi vay, vi tri ciia anh se khong bao gid danh cho nhung ke yeu duoi va nhiing linh hon hen nhat, nhung nguoi khong bao gia biet den huong vi ciia chien thang va that bai.
Ban than Roosevelt von la mot van dpng vien dam bdc, la con ngudi ciia hanh dpng. Khdng chi la mdt nha lanh dao hieu qua, ong con la cay dai thu trong so' cac tong thdng My. Sii gia ngudi Anh, Buga Brogan da mieu ta ong nhu la "ngudi dung dau Nha Trang tai ba nhat sau Lincoln; giau siic song nhat sau Jackson va ham dpc sach nhat sau John Quincy Adams."
CON NGUOI CUA HANH DONG
TR (biet danh ciia Roosevelt) la mpt ngudi hanh ddng bpc true va tran day siic song. Khi con d Nha Trang, dng ndi tieng vi thudng xuyen tham gia dam bd'c, judo, dua ngua va hanh quan dudng dai. Mdt dai sii ngudi Phap thudng ke lai ky niem thap hing tong thd'ng di bp xuyen rung. Khi ca hai gap phai mdt con sud'i qua sau, Roosevelt da cdi quan ao va gpi y dng ban ciing boi sang bd ben kia. Khdng gi cd the can trd dupe Roosevelt.
Trong ddi minh, Roosevelt tung la mpt cao bdi vung Vien Tay, mpt thp san va la mpt cuu si quan ky binh trong cudc chien Tay Ban Nha - My. Siic chiu dung va long hang hai ciia dng dudng nhu khdng cd gidi han. Vdn la ling cii vien phd tong thd'ng nam 1900, dng da thuc hien 673 cupc dien
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NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH
thuyet va vugt qua 20.000 dam de van dpng tranh o i cho Tong thong McKinley. Khi da la tong thd'ng, trong thdi gian chuan bi cho mdt cudc dien thuyet d Milwaukee, Roosevelt da bi mdt ke chii muu am sat ban vao nguc. Vdi mpt xuong sudn gay va mdt vien dan trong nguc, ong da co gang thuc hien bai dien thuyet keo dai hon mpt gid, va sau do dupe dua di cap cuu.
ROOSEVELT DA BAT DAU Si/ NGHIEP M O T CACH C H A M RAI
Trong tat ca nhung nha lanh dao ciia My hi trudc tdi nay, Roosevelt la mpt trong nhung tong thd'ng manh me nhat - ca the chat lan tinh than. Nhung khi bat dau su nghiep, ong chua phai la ngudi nhu vay. Vi td'ng thong "cao boi" My ra ddi tai Manhattan trong mdt gia dinh kha giau cd. Khi con nhd, cau kha nhd be va dm yeu. Cau bi benh hen suyen, thi luc kem, rat gay com. Ba me cau ciing khdng chac chan cau cd the sdng ndi.
Khi cau 12 tuoi, cha ciia Roosevelt da ndi vdi cau: "Con cd cai dau nhung con khdng cd cai than, neu khdng cd su hd trp ciia cai than, thi cai dau cung khdng the lam gi dupe. Con phai tap luyen de cd mpt co the cudng trang." Va dieu do da tac ddng den cau va cau da hanh dpng. Cau thuc hien Nguyen tac Tien trinh.
TR bat dau danh thai gian hang ngay de di tap the hinh, cung nhu trau ddi tri rue, va dng da lam dieu dd trong sudt cupc ddi minh. Ong da tap day ta, di bp dudng dai, trupt
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
tuyet, san ban, dua thuyen, dua ngua va dam bd'c. Nhung nam sau do, Roosevelt da cam nhan duoc ket qua luyen tap ciia minh va thiia nhan, khi con nho ong von "nhat gan va rut re, nhung toi doc nhiing cau chuyen ve nhiing nguoi toi nguong mo... va hpc 6 cha minh, toi rat yeu thich nhung nhan vat can dam, co kha nang thuc hien dupe udc mo ciia minh, mong muon tro thanh nguoi nhu hp." Khi Roosevelt tot nghiep truong Dai hpc Harvard, ong da tro thanh mpt nguoi "nhu hp" va dii siic giai quyet nhung van de chinh tri tam co the gioi.
KHONG CO THANH CONG TRONG MOT DEM
Roosevelt khong tro thanh nha lanh dao Ion sau mpt dem. Con duong di toi cuong vi tong thong ciia ong la mpt con duong gian nan, cham rai. Vi lam viec d nhieu vi tri khac nhau, hi vi tri uy vien hpi dong canh sat thanh phd New York cho den vi tri ong chii Nha Trang, dng van tiep tuc hoc tap nang cao. Khi tu trau ddi ban than, nang luc lanh dao ciia dng cung dupe tang cuong manh me. Dd la minh chung rd rang hon ve viec ap dung Nguyen tic Tien trinh trong cudc sdng ciia dng.
Nhung thanh qua ciia Roosevelt that Idn lac. Dudi su lanh dao ciia dng, My ndi len la mdt cuong qudc. Ong da phat trien luc lupng hai quan len hang cao nhat, nhan thay tiem nang xay dung kenh dao Panama, la nguoi dan xep hoa binh giiia Nga va Nhat, nhd dd da dupe giai Nobel Hda Binh. Khi
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NGUYEN TAC TIEN TRINH
mpi ngudi con ban khoan ve kha nang lanh dao cua TR - vi ong len nam quyen sau khi Tong thong McKinley bi am sat -ong da md chien dich va da dupe bau lai bang so phie'u cao nhat trong lich su cac doi tong thong My.
Ong hoat dpng khong ngung, ngay khi man nhiem tong thong nam 1909, dng dan dau doan cac nha khoa hpc den chau Phi de nghien cuu, dudi su tai trp cua Vien Smithsonian. Nam 1913, dng da ddng lanh dao mpt nhdm khao sat tdi mpt vung Sdng Doubt chua co tren ban do d Brazil. No la mpt cupc phieu luu ky thu ma ong khdng the bd qua. "Do la co hdi cudi cung de toi dupe phieu luu nhu mdt cau be," sau nay ong da thua nhan nhu vay. Luc dd, dng 55 tuoi.
Ngay 6 thang 1 nam 1919, tai nha rieng d New York, Roosevelt da qua ddi trong khi dang ngii. Pho Tong thong Marshall sau do da ndi: "Cai chet chi cd the dua dng ay di khi dng dang ngu. Vi neu Roosevelt con thuc, chac chan noi do se no ra mpt cupc chien." Khi mpi ngudi dua ong ra khdi giudng, ngudi ta con tim thay mdt cuon sach dudi goi cua dng. Trong nhung giay phut cudi cung ciia cuoc doi, TR van co gang hpc tap va trau doi ban than. Ong van tiep tuc thuc hanh Nguyen tac Tien trinh.
Neu ban mudn trd thanh mdt nha lanh dao, ban hoan toan cd the lam duoc. Ai cung cd tiem nang dd, nhung khdng phai trong mdt sdm mdt chieu. No ddi hdi su phan dau ben bi. Va ban tuyet ddi khdng dupe bd qua Nguyen tac Tien trinh. Nang luc lanh dao khdng bao gid phat trien trong mpt ngay ma la qua trinh phat trien ciia ca cudc ddi.
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4
N G U Y E N T A C H A N G H A I
Ai ciing co the ldi tau, neu co ngubi chi huy lap hai trinh
N am 1911, hai doan khao sat cung khdi hanh mpt
chuyen tham hiem phi thudng. Mac dii sir dung nhung chien lupc va nhung con dudng khac nhau de thuc hien y tudng, nhung lanh dao ciia hai dpi deu cd chung muc dich: trd thanh ngudi dau tien dat chan den Nam Cue trong lich sir nhan loai. Cau chuyen ve hp la nhung minh hpa sdng con cho Nguyen tic Hang hai.
Mdt nhdm do nha tham hiem Nauy Roald Amundsen dan dau. Thuc chat, ban dau Amundsen khdng dinh di Nam Cue,
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
ong khao khat trd thanh nguoi dau tien dat chan toi Bac Cue. Nhung khi ong kham pha ra rang Robert Peary da lam duoc dieu do, Amundsen lap nic thay ddi muc tieu. Dii cue Bac hay cue Nam, ong biet ke hoach ciia minh se thanh cdng.
AMUNDSEN THAN TRONG VACH PHUONG H l / O N G
Trudc khi khdi hanh, Amundsen da ti mi len ke hoach cho ca chuyen di. Ong hpc phuong phap ciia ngudi Eskimos, kinh nghiem tir khach du lich Bac Cue va nhan ra phuong an tot nhat la sir dung cho chuyen cho hanh ly, trang thiet bi. Khi lua chpn thanh vien dpi tham hiem, ong tap trung vao nhung ngudi co kha nang trupt tuyet va dieu khieh cho. Chien lupc ciia ong rat don gian. Cho se lam hau het cong viec de dua doan vupt tir 15 den 20 dam trong vong sau tieng dong ho moi ngay, dieu dd cho phep ca ngudi va cho co thdi gian nghi ngoi, dudng siic, chuan bi cho ngay di chuyen tiep theo.
Cd the noi su chuan bi ciia Amundsen cue ky phi thudng. Ong da xac dinh dia diem va xay dung cac tram du tru tren tat ca cac chang dudng ma doan ciia ong se vupt qua. Bang each do, hp khong phai mang theo tat ca mpi thii trong suot cupc hanh trinh. Ong cung trang bi cho thanh vien trong doan he thong xe cp tot nhat. Amundsen xem xet can than mpi chi tiet trong hanh trinh ciia hp, suy xet ky cang va len ke hoach. Hp da thanh cong. Van de toi te nhat ho gap phai trong cuoc hanh trinh la mpt thanh vien phai nho di mdt cai rang sau.
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NGUYEN TAC HANG HAI
SCOTT VI PHAM NGUYEN TAC HANG HAI
Nhom tham hiem con lai do Robert Falcol Scott, mot si quan hai quan Anh, nguoi da thuc hien mot so chuyen khao sat khu vuc Nam Cue dan dau. Cuoc tham hiem cua Scott hoan toan doi lap voi chuyen di cua Amundsen. Thay vi su dung xe do cho keo, Scott quyet dinh dung xe truot tuyet co dong co va nhung chiec xe ngua nho. Kho khan xay den chi sau nam ngay khdi hanh, xe truot ngung hoat dpng. Lu ngua cung 6'm yeu vdi nhiet dp ddng bang. Khi hp den chan day Transantartic, hp phai giet toan bp dam sue vat dang thuong do. Cud'i cung, chuyen tham hiem ket thuc vdi viec cac thanh vien trong doan phai tu keo nhung chiec xe nang tdi hai tram pound. Do la cdng viec vd cung gian khd.
Scott cung khdng chu y tdi cac trang thiet bi khac. Quan ao ciia doan tham hiem ngheo nan den ndi toan bp thanh vien deu bi cudc vi bang gia. Mpt thanh vien mat ca tieng ddng hd mdi sang chi de deo ling vao ddi chan sung phong, da hoai thu. Tat ca mpi ngudi deu gap chung Ida tuyet vi Scott cung cap kinh deo kem chat lupng. Khd khan nhat la tinh trang thieu thiic an va nude ud'ng. Do ciing la hau qua ciia qua trinh chuan bi so sai ciia Scott. Nhung tram cung ling ma Scott thiet lap khdng day dii va qua xa nhau, danh dai1 khdng rd rang nen mpi ngudi rat khd tim ra. Vi khdng cd dii nhien lieu lam tan tuyet, ngudi nao cung bi mat nude. Hanh dpng lam mpi thii trd nen tdi te nhat la vao phut cudi, Scott quyet dinh cho ngudi thii nam tham gia doan tham hiem, trong khi mpi thii chi chuan bi cho boh ngudi.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Sau khi vupt qua 800 dam trong vong muoi tuan, ca doan da hoan toan kiet sue. Cuoi cung, hp cung den dupe Nam Cue vao ngay 17 thang 1 nam 1912. Noi do, la co ciia nhung nguoi Nauy phan phat bay trong gid, voi mpt la thu Amundsen giii san. Doan tham hiem co nguoi lanh dao gioi da can dich truoc hp mpt thang.
NEU BAN KHONG TUAN THEO NGUYEN TAC H A N G H A I . . .
Hanh trinh gian nan toi Nam Cue nhung chua phai phan toi te nhat ciia cau chuyen. Con duong tro ve ciia hp mdi that su kinh hoang. Scott va mpi ngudi roi vao canh ddi khat va dau ddn do benh sco-but. Nhung Scott, du khong the cam lai cho tdi phut cudi, van chua cam nhan dupe tinh huong tuyet vong. Thdi gian sap het, thiic an can kiet, nhung Scott van nai ni cac thanh vien thu gom ve 30 pound mau vat dia chat - thuc te nang hon nhieu khi deo len lung nhung ngudi gan chet.
Hanh trinh hdi huong ngay cang cham chap. Mpt thanh vien trong nhom da roi vao tinh trang hon me Vi Robert Falcon Scott va chet. Mpt ngudi khac, Lawrence khong tuan thu duoc Gates da khdng con ra hinh ngudi. Nguyen tac Hang hdi, Cdn vi cuu si quan quan dpi, vd'n cd onS v" nhiing nguoi dong nhiem vu nudi dudng lu ngua, nay hanh dd chet. bi cudc chan nghiem trpng, khdng the le budc. Vi nghi rang minh dang
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NGUYEN TAC HANG HAI
la ganh nang cho ca doan, ong da cd rinh di thang vao tran bao tuyet de giai phong ca doan khdi ganh nang. Trudc khi ra di, dng da ndi vdi cac ban cua minh: "Tdi chi di ra ngoai mpt chut, tdi se trd lai ngay."
Scott va hai thanh vien cuoi cung cung chi di them dupe mdt doan ngan ve phia bac trudc khi bd cudc. Hanh trinh trd lai da ngd'n ciia ho hon hai thang ma doan dudng phia trudc van con hon 150 dam. Ho gyc nga tai dd. Chiing ta biet dupe cau chuyen ciia hp vi hp da danh nhung gid cudi ciing de viet nhat ky, nhung ldi cudi ciing cua Scott, dng da viet: "Chiing tdi se chet trong danh du. Tdi nghi dieu do se the hien rang linh hdn cua long can dam va siic manh de tdn tai khdng bao gid tach rdi cudc dua ciia chiing tdi." Scott cd dung khi nhung thieu kha nang lanh dao. Vi khdng tuan thii Nguyen tac Hang hai, dng va nhiing ngudi ddng hanh da chet.
Ngudi di theo can dupe lanh dao bdi ngudi cd kha nang cheo lai tot con thuyen cho hp. Khi hp phai dpi mat vdi tinh hudng song con, su can thiet do la hien nhien. Song, tham chi khi hau qua khdng den ndi nghiem trpng, su can thiet dd van giu nguyen gia tri. Thuc te cho thay, hau het mpi ngudi deu lai dupe tau, chi can mpt ngudi chi huy ve ra hai trinh. Dd la Nguyen tac Hang hai.
NHA HANG HAI THAY TRUCfC CON Dl/ONG
Chii tich General Electric, Jack Welch da khang dinh: "Mpt nha lanh dao gidi phai kien dinh muc tieu, kiem soat phuong hudng ciia ban, dung de no kiem soat ban."
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Welch da noi diing, nhung lam lanh dao cheo lai con tau khong chi kiem soat phuong huong ma anh ta va "Lanh dao la ngudi thay mpi nguoi dang di. Hp mudng ro hon moi ngudi, xa hon tupng toan bp hanh trinh trong dau, m <" v d t r u 6 c t d i c d
truoc khi roi cang. Hp co tam nhin m Q i n%ubi" bao quat diem den, hp hieu dieu gi ~ L e r ° y Eims se dua hp den do, hp biet nhung ai can co trong doan de thanh cong va hp nhan ra chuong ngai vat tren dudng di truoc khi no xuat hien. Leroy Eims, tac gia cuon Trd thanh nhd lanh dao mo udc da viet: "Lanh dao la ngudi nhin thay rd hon mpi ngudi, xa hon mpi ngudi va nhin thay trudc tat ca mpi ngudi."
To chiic cang Idn thi nha lanh dao cang phai cd kha nang dinh hudng ro rang hon con dudng phia trudc. Neu cd sai lam, se cd rat nhieu ngudi bi anh hudng so vdi khi chi cd mpt so it ngudi di theo ban. Tham hoa trong bp phim Titanic la mpt minh chiing rd net cho van de nay. Thuy thii doan khdng co dii tam nhin de tranh tang bang troi, ddng thdi khdng dii ky nang lai tau theo hudng khac khi da nhin thay tang bang, bdi kich cd con tau qua Idn, Idn nhat the gidi thoi diem do. Hau qua la hon mpt nghin ngudi da bd mang tren bien.
NOI LANH DAO DEN...
Nhung nha hang hai kiet xuat nhat ludn tam niem rinh mang ciia mpi ngudi dang phu thupc vao hp va kha nang xac
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NGUYEN TAC HANG HAI
dinh hai trinh ciia ho. Toi xin lay mpt nhan xet cua James A. Autry trong cuon Cuoc song va lao ddng: Tim kiem y nghia cua mot nha quan ly, de minh hoa cho quan diem nay. Ong noi, doi khi ban nghe ve mpt tai nan ciia boh phi co quan su dang cung thuc hien chuyen bay tap the. Khi boh chiec phi co chien dau bay cung nhau, mpt phi cong la nhom truong se xac dinh muc neu cho ca dpi. Ba chiec con lai se bay ben canh anh ta, theo doi va bay theo anh ta bat ke noi nao anh toi. Nhat cii nhat dpng ciia anh ta deu dupe dong dpi tuan theo, bat ke bay lieng trong dam may hay dam thang vao mpt vach niii. Va khi nhom truong mac sai lam, tai nan se xay ra.
Truoc khi cac nha lanh dao dua mpi nguoi vao mpt chuyen di, hp thuc hien mpt quy trinh, trong do tao cho chuyen di co hdi thanh cdng trien vong nhat:
Xay dung hai trinh tir kinh nghiem
Tat ca mpi thanh cdng va that bai trong qua khii, neu ban de y, deu co the la ngudn thdng tin, kien thiic huu ich. Thanh cdng se day ban ve ban than va kha nang tan dung nhung nang luc san cd. That bai se chi ra nhung gia dinh nao ciia ban thieu chuan xac, bien phap xii ly nao chua phu hpp. Neu khdng hoc tii nhung sai lam, ban se tiep tuc pham nhung sai lam khcL. Qu'nh vi vay, nhiing nha hang hai gidi ludn bat dau hi kinh nghiem. Nhung chac chan, hp chiing bao gid dung lai d dd.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Nha hang hai Diet lang nghe
Bat ke ban hieu biet den dau van chua du dap ung cho nhung gi ban dang can. Vi vay, nhung nha hang hai vi dai da thu thap thong tin tu rat nhieu nguon khac nhau. Ho ghi
Hieu biei cua ban du Ion den dau cung van
chua du dap ting nhung gi ban dang cdn.
nhan nhung y kien tu nhung thanh vien doan. Hp trao doi cung mpi — nguoi trong to chiic ciia ho de tim ra cai gi dang xay ra tu nhung ngudi d cap co sd. Va hp danh thdi gian vdi cac lanh dao ciia cac td chiic khac de duoc cd'van.
Nha hang hai xem xet truer khi cam ket
Tdi thich hanh dpng va ban than tdi ludn hudng tdi su thoai mai. Hon het, toi cd true giac dang tin cay ve van de lanh dao. Nhung tdi ciing y thiic dupe trach nhiem ciia mpt nha lanh dao. Vi vay, trudc khi toi nhan mpt cam ket lanh dao co anh hudng den mpi ngudi, tdi thudng xem xet npi luc va suy tinh ky cang. Nhung nha hang hai gidi thudng tinh toan chi phi truoc khi cam ket vdi ban than va mpi ngudi.
Nha hang hai bao dam kef iu$n cua minh den tu niem tin vasu th$t
De cd the la mpt thuyen trudng, ban can cd thai dp tich cue. Ban can cd niem tin rang ban cd the dua nhung ngudi tren thuyen vupt qua mpi chang dudng. Neu ban khdng dii
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NGUYEN TAC HANG HAI
tir tin thuc hien hanh trinh trong suy nghi thi chac chan ban se khong thuc hien duoc no trong cuoc song hien tai. Noi each khac, ban phai co kha nang nhin vao thuc te. Ban khong the coi thuong hay chii quan khi danh gia nhung trd ngai, thach thiic. Neu ban khong di bang doi mat mo to thi ban khong the nhin thay nhung gi dien ra 6 hai ben duong. Nhu Bill Easum nhan thay: "Nhung nha lanh dao co dau 6c thuc te luon chii dong giam thieu ao giac. Hp hieu sau sac rang, tu doi minh co the se lay mat tam nhin ciia hp." Doi khi, that kho de co the can bang giua thuc te va tinh than lac quan, true giac va ke hoach, niem tin va su that. Nhung do la nhung gi dem den hieu qua cong viec voi vai tro mpt thuyen trudng.
Ddi khi, that kho cdn b&ng thuc ti'vdi tinh
thdn lac quan, true giac voi ke hoach, niem tin
voi su that. Nhung do la nhung gi dem den hieu
qua cdng viec vdi vai tro rnqt thuyen trudng.
M O T BAI HQC TRONG H A N G H A I
Tdi nhd nhu in lan dau tien that su hieu tam quan trpng ciia Nguyen tac Hang hai. Liic dd, tdi vua tron 28 tud'i va dang coi sdc giao doan Faith Memorial d Lancaster, Ohio, giao doan thii hai ciia tdi. Trudc khi tdi den phuc vu tai giao doan nam 1972, thi giao doan nay da cd ca thap ky binh lang. Nhung den nam 1975, td'ng so' giao dan ciia giao doan tang tir 400 len hon mpt nghin. Tdi nhan thay rang, chiing
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
toi co the duy tri su phat trien va co them nhieu thanh vien, nhung dieu do chi co the xay ra neu xay dung mot giao dudng mdi.
That thuan loi vi tdi da cd nhung kinh nghiem tuong tu trong di chuyen va xay dung lai giao dudng d nha thd dau tien noi tdi lam viec. Cd mdt khd khan la nha thd do qua nhd so ydi giao dudng nay. Chi rieng phong thay le phuc d giao dudng sap xay tai Lancaster da Idn hon toan bd gian thanh dudng d nha thd dd.
Du an nay ton nhieu trieu dd-la, gap hon 20 lan chi phi cho ngdi giao dudng trudc. Nhung dd van chua phai kho khan Idn nhat cua chung tdi. Ngay trudc khi tdi tdi coi sdc Faith Memorial, d day da no ra mdt tran chien Idn xung quanh viec dau thau xay dung. Nhung cupc tranh luan gay g3t, chia re, bat hoa xay ra. Vi su co nay, tdi hieu rang minh se phai trai qua khd khan rat Idn trong cdng tac lanh dao. Trudc mat tdi la nhung xoay nude, vdi vai trd lanh dao, tdi cd the lam dam tau neu khdng cheo lai td't.
LAP HAI TRINH VOI M Q T CHIEN Ll /OC H A N G H A I
Thdi gian do, tdi da thuc hien mpt chien lupc ma tdi su dung nhieu lan trong nghe thuat lanh dao cua minh. Tdi da viet no thanh mpt bai van van cho de nhd.
Xac dinh truoc phuong hudng hanh dpng
Vach ra nhung muc tieu
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NGUYEN TAC HANG HAI
Dieu chinh nhiing uu tien
Chia se voi nhan vat chii cho't.
Cho phep keo dai thai gian de co duac su chap thuan
Di thang tai hanh dpng
Cha kho khan xay den
Luon luon chii y vao thanh cong
Nhin lai ke hoach moi ngay
Do la ban ke hoach ma toi da chuan bi cho cong viec cam lai con tau ma toi lanh dao.
Tro lai van de, toi biet rat chinh xac bieu do hanh dong ciia chiing toi. Neu chiing toi muon hep tuc phat trien, can phai xay dung giao duong mdi. Toi da tim kiem tat ca nhung phuong an kha thi, va toi biet do la giai phap Hem nang duy nhat. Muc tieu ciia toi la thiet ke va S f t h a y d 6 i / M & h i g u
xay dung co so vat chat, thanh toan biet, khong san sdng cho trong vong muoi nam, doan ket tuong lai vd thieu 6c moi ngudi lai trong qua trinh xay tudng tuong Id nhung dung. Hon nua, tdi cung nhan ra tai trd ngai Idn nhat cho chinh la van de quan trong nhat, cd ki hoach. the vi no ma cdng lao ciia chiing tdi bi dao Idn tat ca.
Tdi bat dau chuan bi cho cupc hpp giao doan. Tdi du kien cudc hpp se dien ra hai thang sau, de tdi cd dii thdi gian chuan bi mpi thii. Dau tien, tdi chi thi cac thanh vien trong
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
— ban, cung mpt nhom nhung nguoi lanh dao chii cho't ve tai chinh de
Su ung ho danh cho du k i ? m ^ v i g c p M n t k h s u p M f
an vd thanh con? cua no . , u , .,. , „n ~ * trien cua chung toi trong 20 nam va
khdng do quy mo md do , „. , , , ^ . . , , cac van de tai chinh. Giai doan 20
kha ndng cua nguoi lanh „, „, , , nam ay da di qua nua chang duong
dao quyet dinh. , 1 , ' ° ° va chiing toi con muoi nam phia
= ^ truoc. Tren co so do, chiing toi xac dinh cac yeu cau ciia cong trinh.
Sau do, chiing toi tinh toan mpt ngan sach muoi nam de giai thich chi tiet phuong an xii ly van de tai chinh mot each can trpng. Toi hoi y kien mpi nguoi ve viec dua toan bp thong tin chiing toi dang thao luan vao ban bao cao 20 trang phat cho tiing thanh vien trong giao doan. Toi biet rang nhung tro ngai Ion nhat cho ke hoach thanh cong la sp thay doi, thieu hieu biet, khong san sang cho tuong lai va thieu 6c tuong tupng. Toi muon lam mpi thii co the de ngan chan tat ca nhung tro ngai tren dang an chiia trong moi chiing ta.
Buoc tiep theo la thong bao cho nhung lanh dao nong cot. Toi da bat dau voi nhung nguoi co anh huong Ion nhat, gap go tung ca nhan hoac theo timg nhom nho. Trai qua vai tuan, toi da gap khoang 100 nha lanh dao. Toi ban ke hoach voi hp va hoi y kien ciia ho. Khi toi cam nhan thay mpt nguoi nao do van con do du voi ban ke hoach, toi lai gap anh ta lain nua. Va toi da kien nhan danh thai gian cho nhung nguoi con lai, co anh huong tir chinh nhung nha lanh dao nay, de co su dong tinh trong cupc hpp giao doan.
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NGUYEN TAC HANG HAl
Khi thoi gian hop toan giao doan den gan, chung toi da san sang vao cupc. Toi trinh bay trong hai gid ddng hd ve du an xay dung trudc cupc hpp. Tdi phan tich hai muoi trang trang bao cao vdi ke hoach, nhung phan tich tai chinh va nhung su chi tieu. Tdi da cd' gang tra ldi tat ca nhung thac mac ciia moi ngudi trudc khi hp hdi. Tdi cung mdi mdt so ngudi cd tam anh hudng nhat trong giao doan diing len phat bieu.
Dii vay, tdi van tin rang van con nhung mau thuan, chdng dd'i nao dd, song khi tdi md mpt cudc chat van thi that su tdi da bi sdc. Chi cd hai cau hdi thac mac dupe dat ra: Mpt ngudi mudn biet vdi nude se dupe bd' tri d dau, nguoi khac mudn biet so lupng phong nghi. Tdi da thd phao khi nhan ra minh da vupt qua ddng nude xoay. Bay gid I t quyet cua Nguyen tdc la liic yeu cau mpi ngudi ciing bd Hang hdi la su chuan bi. phie'u, nhung ngudi cd tam anh hudng Idn ciia giao doan se thuc hien cdng viec do. Tdi cd nhiem vu sap xep, chuan bi cho budc thii hai la tien hanh xay dung. Cudc bd phie'u ket thiic. Ket qua 98% tong so'ngudi da bd phie'u ling hp.
Khi chiing ta da cheo lai qua tinh canh ay, phan con lai ciia cdng viec khdng con khd khan nua. Tdi van tiep tuc kien dinh muc tieu trudc mpi ngudi bang viec trao cho ho nhung bao cao ve thanh cdng ciia chiing tdi. Tdi cd bao cao thudng ky ve ke hoach cua chiing tdi va ket qua cdng viec, de dam bao rang chiing tdi van dang di diing hudng. Hai trinh da dupe ve. Tat ca nhung gi chiing tdi phai lam la cam lai con tau.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Do la mot bai hoc kinh nghiem quy bau ciia toi. Hon tat ca, toi da nhan ra bi quyet ciia Nguyen tac Hang hai la su chuan bi. Khi ban chuan bi tot, ban se truyen niem tin va su tin nhiem cho moi nguoi. Thieu chuan bi se mang lai anh huong trai ngupc. Quy mo ciia du an khong quyet dinh su ling hp va thanh cong, ma dupe xac dinh qua kha nang ciia nha lanh dao. Chinh vi vay, toi da noi rang ai ciing co the lai tau nhung can co mpt nha lanh dao lap ra hai trinh. Lanh dao la nha hang hai gioi, co the dua mpi ngudi theo hp tdi bat ke noi nao.
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5
N G U Y E N T A C E . F . H U T T O N
Khi nhd lanh dao thuc thu len tieng, moi ngudi deu lang nghe
N hung nha lanh dao tre tuoi, it kinh nghiem thuong
tu tin buoc vao can phong day ap nguoi, chi de kham pha ra rang hp da danh gia hoan toan sai lam ve dpng luc lanh dap trong tinh huong nay. Dieu do ciing xay ra voi toi! Nhung 6 hoan canh do, toi khong mat nhieu thoi gian de nhan ra su ngd ngan ay. Do la khi toi lan dau tien chii tri cupc hpp iiy ban thuong true voi tu each la mpt nha lanh dap tai nha thd dau tien tdi coi sdc d viing nong thdn Indiana nam 22 tudi. Tdi d do chua day mdt thang, nhung ngudi dudi su dan dat ciia toi deu cd dp tuoi trung binh la
- 7 3 -
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
50. Hau het nhung nguoi trong cuoc hop deu la nhung nguoi da gan bo trong giao doan nay trong thdi gian con dai hon tuoi ddi cua toi.
Toi den vdi cudc hpp ma khong co mpt y tudng, lich lam viec va de
Nhd lanh dao that su tai nao. Toi lam tudng rang minh da nam bdt duoc quyen luc dupe cat nhac thanh mpt nha lanh chii khong chi Id vi the. d a Q v a m p i n g u o i s g ^ ^ d j
— .— theo minh. Vdi tat ca su khon ngoan va kien thiic cd dupe qua hai thap
ky co mat tren cupc ddi, toi da khai mac cudc hpp va hoi xem cd ai cd van de gi dua ra thao luan khdng.
Mpt khoanh khac ngan im lang, toi lie'c nhin mpi ngudi xung quanh chiec ban, mpt ngudi ten la Claude hang gipng, cat tieng: "Tdi cd vai van de."
"Ong cii ndi," toi noi.
"Vang" dng noi. "Toi thay chiec piano ciia nha thd cd ve nhu bj lac am."
"Muc su biet day, toi cung da nhan ra dieu do," mpt ngudi trong cudc hpp ndi theo.
"Tdi de nghi chi tien de thue tho chinh am tu Louisville den day lo viec bao tri cay dan." Claude ndi tiep.
"Diing, dd la y kien hay," tat ca mpi ngudi trong cupc hpp deu tan thudng.
"Toi tan thanh de nghi do," Benny, ngudi ngdi canh ong Claude ndi.
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NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON
"Tot," toi noi. "Con ai co y kien gi nua khong?"
"Vang," ong Claude noi, "toi co mot y kien nua la co mot 6 cua kinh 6 mpt phong hpc ciia lop hpc giao ly Chii nhat da bi vo. Toi vua lay dupe mpt mieng kinh hi trang trai, chac se vira 6 ciia ay. Benny, anh rat kheo tay trong viec lip kinh, anh co the lam viec do chii?"
"Tat nhien roi thua ong," Benny tra ldi, "toi rat san long".
"Tot lam. Con mdt viec nua." Ong ndi. "Ve cudc da ngoai, toi nghi rang nam nay chiing ta nen dua mpi ngudi den nghi d hd. Tdi nghi d dd rat phu hpp vdi bpn tre."
"6, that tuyet vdi. Do that su la mdt y kien rat hay!" Tat ca mpi ngudi deu dong tinh ling hd.
"Thd'ng nhat ke hoach nhu vay di", Benny noi them.
Mpi ngudi cung gat dau ddng y, va chd xem Claude con y kien nao khdng.
"Dd la tat ca nhiing gi tdi mudn noi" dng noi. "Thua muc su, ngai co the ket thiic cupc hpp ciia chiing ta bang ldi cau nguyen." Dd la toan npi dung cupc hpp dau tien ciia tdi vdi ban thudng true. Va do cung la ngay toi nhan ra ai la nha lanh dao that su d giao doan. Tdi nam giu vi tri nhung Claude cd quyen luc. Dd cung la noi tdi nhan ra Nguyen tac E. F. Hutton.
Ban cung cd the da nghe ve cdng ty dich vu tai chinh E. F. Hutton. Nhung nam trudc day, phuong cham ciia hp la: "Khi E. F. Hutton ndi, tat ca mpi ngudi deu lang nghe."
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Trong chuong trinh quang cao cua hp trudc day, dan canh gom mpt khach san tap nap, hoac mpt khu vuc cong cong. Hai nguoi co the dang ban luan ve mpt van de tai chinh, ngudi thu nhat se nhac lai vai quan diem ve mpt vu dau tu nao do ma nha mdi gidi ciia anh ta dua ra. Ngudi kia tiep: "A, ngudi moi gidi ciia toi la E. F. Hutton, dng ay da noi...." Va ngay lap hie tat ca nhan vien lam viec trong cai khach san nhdn nhip ay dung lai, chd dpi nghe nhung gi ngudi dan ong kia sap noi. Chinh vi vay, tdi gpi lanh dao that su la Nguyen tac E. F. Hutton. Bdi vi khi mpt nha lanh dao that thu len tieng, mpi ngudi deu lang nghe.
TOI LAM DIJPC GI?
Sau cuoc hpp dau tien vdi ban thudng true, toi phai quyet tam xii ly tinh trang hien nay tai giao doan. Tdi da cd vai lua chpn. Vi du, toi cii sii dung chiic danh de ap dat. Toi da chiing kien rat nhieu ngudi mang chiic danh lanh dao lam nhu vay. Hp noi vdi nhung ngudi dudi quyen nhung dieu dai loai nhu: "Nay, di cham thdi. Tdi la lanh dao! Anh phai di theo tdi chii." Chang co
hieu qua gi het. Moi ngudi co the lich su vdi ban, nhung hp se khong that su di theo ban. Dieu nay tuong tu nhu cau ndi ciia cuu Thii tudng Anh, Margaret Thatcher: "Quyen luc
"Quyen luc giong nhu nguoi phu nit. Neu ban
phai nhac moi ngudi nhd rang ban xinh dep, thi
chdc chdn ban khong he xinh dep."
- Margaret Thatcher
- 7 6 -
NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON
giong nhu ngudi phu nu. Neu ban phai nhac moi ngudi nhd rang ban xinh dep, thi chac chan ban khong he xinh dep."
Mot y nghi khac vuong van trong dau toi la cd gang day Claude ra khdi vi thelanh dao. Nhung theo ban, lam the nao de co the thuc hien duoc dieu do? Khi ong ay cd ruoi ddi gap ddi tudi toi, dng da gan bo vdi manh dat nay vdi cudc ddi, duoc moi ngudi trong giao doan kinh trong. Ong la thanh vien cua giao doan trudc khi toi tdi, tat ca moi ngudi deu biet rang dng se cdn d lai do trong khi tdi cd the chuyen di noi khac.
Toi quyet dinh theo dudi lua chon thu ba. Thdi gian cho cupc hpp ban thudng true tiep theo da den gan, toi cd mdt loat van de can hoan thanh khoang mpt tuan trudc khi chon ngay cho cupc hpp, tdi da gpi Claude den, hdi xem tdi cd the ra canh ddng cung dng hay khong. Ong da ddng y, chung toi da cung lam va ndi chuyen vdi nhau sudt ca ngay.
"Ong Claude nay!" tdi ndi, " Ong biet khdng, tdi thay cua chinh ciia nha thd bi niit, dang trdc ra rdi. No se gay an tupng khdng hay cho nhung vi khach lan dau Hen den nha thd. Ong nghi chiing ta cd the lam dupe gi khong?"
"Chac chan," dng ndi, "dieu dd khdng thanh van de."
Tdi lai Hep tuc: "Mpt lan tdi di xudng tang tret, va dng biet khdng, nude da tran day d do. Coc, nhai boi liic nhiic, ret bd ngon ngang. Ong nghi chiing ta phai lam gi vdi no?"
"A," dng ndi, "tdi nghi chiing ta phai danh mpt ngay lam viec de ve sinh sach se cai tang ay."
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
"Duoc the thi tot qua," toi noi, -"Ong dua y kien nay ra truoc cupc hop ban thuong true nhe?" S ^ kh™J>& V** npAi
dang dieu hdnh cuoc hop "Chac chan roi." v a n g u i r i dangrf(£„ d~t
"Con mpt dieu khac nua lam toi m ( ? i n&utfi ch<mStd nSuM
lo ling," toi tiep rue, "Hien tai, dang dieu khie'n cuoc hop chiing ta chi co ba phong d toa nha s v m ^ nlt* ben canh giao duong. Mot phong dang dupe sii dung lam nha kho, — = z z = ^ = = — chua do linh tinh; hai phong con lai danh cho lop hpc giao ly Chii nhat, nhung mpt trong hai lop da qua dong hpc sinh, rat chat choi."
"Khong can phai lo lang dau, thua muc su," ong noi, "Chiing ta se ve sinh va sua sang cai phong con lai."
"The thi that tuyet. Thanh that cam on ong, Claude."
Va trong cupc hpp ban thudng true, khi toi khai mac va de cap den nhung van de can lam, Claude noi: "Cac vi biet day, thdi gian nay chiing ta nen cd mpt ngay lao dpng cdng ich."
"Y kien tuyet vdi!" tat ca mpi ngudi ngdi quanh ban deu CO vu.
"Chiing ta se lam viec do trong tuan bat dau tu thii Bay," dng noi. "Tdi se dua xe tai ciia tdi den va Ben..y, anh cung mang xe den nhe. Chiing ta se son, ve sinh tang ham, don dep dd linh tinh ra khoi nha kho de lam them mpt ldp hpc nua." Rdi ong hudng tdi mpt thanh vien va ndi: "Chi Maxime, chi dam nhiem ldp hpc do dupe chii?"
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NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON
"Toi dong y," chi Maxime noi. Mpi sir da dien ra nhu vay.
Tu do tro di, neu toi muon hoan thanh bat ke cong viec gi d nha thd, toi chi can di ra ngoai dong va cung lam viec lat vat voi Claude. Toi luon dua van de ra truoc mpi nguoi thong qua Claude, vi bat cii khi nao ong noi, mpi ngudi deu lang nghe ong.
NHAN RA
Khi ban da hpc Nguyen tac E. F. Hutton, trong bat ke tinh huong nao ban se de dang nhan ra ai la nha lanh dao thuc thu. Khi cau hoi dupe dua ra, ngudi ma mpi ngudi mong dpi cd cau tra ldi, mpi ngudi tap trung nhin anh ta, ngudi dd that su la nha lanh dao. .
Trong cupc hpp lan sau ma ban tham du, hay de y xung quanh ban. Hay quan sat va ban se nhan thay hai loai lanh dao khac nhau:
NGUOI CO CHUC DANH LANH DAO
Noi truoc
Can anh huong cua ngudi lanh dao thuc thu dehoan thanh cdng viec
Chi gay duoc anh hudng cho nhung ngudi cd chiec danh
lanh dao khde
NHA LANH DAO THI/C THU
Ndi sau
Chi can anh hubng cua ban than de hoan thanh cdng viec
Cay anh hudng cho lat cd moi ngudi trong phong hop
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Neu ban phat hien thay co khac biet giua nguoi dang dieu hanh cuoc hpp va ngudi dang dan dat mpi ngudi, dieu do co nghia la ngudi dang dieu hanh cupc hpp khong that su la mpt nha lanh dao.
Tdi chua bao gid trd thanh mpt mpt nha lanh dao thuc thu trong tat
Thi nghiem that su ve Ca moi cdng viec ma tdi da lam, lanh dao khdng phai Id ngoai tru cong ty tdi sang lap. Khi noi bdt ddu, md la noi t6i nhan cdng viec dau tien d
ket thuc no. Hillham, Indiana, Claude la ngudi la ngudi dung dau. Giao doan thii hai ciia tdi d Ohio, ngudi dung dau
la mpt ngudi dan dng ten Jim. Va khi toi d Skyline, San Diego, ngudi dau tien ma nhan vien di theo la Steve, chii khdng phai tdi. Vi vay, neu ban bat dau d mpt vi tri mdi, khdng phai ngudi dung dau, ban cung dung ban tam. Thi nghiem that su ve lanh dao khdng phai la noi bat dau, ma la noi ta ket thiic no.
NGLfOT LANH DAO THUG THU SE D U N G DAY?
Nhieu nam trudc day, co mpt trd choi truyen hinh ten la: "Noi that". Cach choi trd choi ay nhu sau: Liic dau, ca ba ngudi choi deu khang dinh minh la mpt. Spng chi mpt ngudi trong nhdm do dupe dua diing thong tin, con hai ngudi khac thi phai ddng kich. Ban giam khao se dat cau hdi va yeu cau hp tra ldi. Qua nhung cau hdi va tra ldi, ban giam
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NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON
khao se tim ra ai la nguoi noi that. Qua kha nang dien ta, hai nguoi choi phai dong kich sao cho ca ban giam khao va khan gia tin rang hp da noi that.
Khi da co muc tieu cu the, viec xac dinh lanh dao that su nhiem vu don gian hon. Dung tin nhung nguoi tu xung la lanh dao. Thay vao do, hay xem phan ung ciia mpi nguoi xung quanh nguoi do. Nhung nguoi di theo la bang chung cho su lanh dao ciia ong ta.
Hay suy nghi ve phan ling ciia mpi ngudi khi nghe hp noi. Khi Alan Greenspan phat bieu truoc Ban chat cua su-lanh dao Quo'c hdi My, tat ca mpi ngudi deu the hien a nhung nguoi lang nghe. Khi dng chuan bi thdng rfl theo-bao ve ty gia cho vay, toan bp cong dong tai chinh ngirng mpi hoat ddng de theo doi. Dieu nay hoan toan giong vdi quang cao cua E. F. Hutton trudc day. Khi Martin Luther King Jr. con sdng, ong rat dupe kinh trpng. Bat ke noi nao hay khi nao dng ndi, mpi ngudi da trang cung nhu da den deu ling nghe. Ngay nay, Billy Graham cung da nhan dupe su kinh trpng nhu vay bdi cupc ddi liem chinh va nhiet huyet cong hien ciia dng. Trong gan 50 nam, nhung nha lanh dao hang dau the gidi da hpc nhieu tir nhung ldi khuyen ciia dng. Tat ca cac tong thd'ng My ke tir Harry Truman deu tim den su tu van khdn ngoan va cac nguyen tic lanh dao quy gia ciia dng.
Nguyen tic E. F. Hutton the hien y nghia ciia no trong bat ky tinh hudng nao. Cau chuyen ve cuu cau thii NBA,
- 8 1 -
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Larry Bird minh chung rat ro cho luan diem nay. Trong suot vong ban ket mot giai dau quan trong, huan luyen vien ddi Boston Celtics, K. C. Jones da gpi cau thu ra hdi y. Ong tap hop tat ca cac cau thu lai ben ngoai san bong, chi de cho Bird ndi: "Bao hp chuyen bong cho tdi va dung chin dudng dan bdng ciia-tdi."
John dap: "Tdi la huan luyen vien, tdi se tao dieu kien tot nhat." Rdi dng quay sang cac cau thu con lai: "Hay chuyen bdng cho Larry va dung chan dudng cau ay." Dd la khi mpt nha lanh dao that su len tieng, mpi ngudi da lang nghe.
TRO THANH NHA LANH DAO THUC THU, NHO CO...
Khi nao mpt ngudi lanh dao trd thanh lanh dao that su trong tap the? Nhu tdi da giai thich trong Nguyen tac Tien trinh, nang luc lanh dao khdng phat trien trong ngay mpt ngay hai. Khdng mpt ai dupe cdng nhan la lanh dao ngay lap hie. Trai qua mpt thdi gian nhat dinh, bay yeu to sau day se dua hp hing buoc trd thanh lanh dao:
I.TInh each-HQ la al?
Nang luc lanh dao that su ludn bat dau hi npi tam cua mpt con ngudi. Chinh vi vay, mpt nguoi nhu Billy Graham ludn co kha nang ldi cudn rat nhieu ngudi theo. Mpi ngudi cam nhan dupe chieu sau tinh each ciia dng.
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NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON
2. M6l quan h£ - Ho quen Diet nhung al?
Ban chi co the tro thanh nha lanh dao khi co nguoi tu nguyen theo ban trong cong viec. Va do la ly do ban luon can phat trien cac mdi quan he. Cac mdi quan he cang sau sac, kha nang lanh dao cang manh me. Mdi lan toi budc len mdt vi tri lanh dao mdi, ngay lap tuc tdi xay dung cac mdi quan he. Thiet lap day dii cac moi quan he diing dan vdi nhung ngudi diing dan, ban co the trd thanh lanh dao that su trong mdt to chiic.
3. Kien thCrc - HQ biet nhung gl?
Thdng tin la su sdng ddi vdi mdt nha lanh dao. Ban can biet su that, hieu nhung yeu to lien quan, cd tam nhin cho tuong lai. Hieu biet khdng tao nen mdt nha lanh dao, nhung neu thieu hieu biet thi khdng the trd thanh lanh dao. Tdi ludn danh thdi gian hoc tap, nghien cuu trudc khi tien hanh lanh dao mdt td chiic.
4. True giac - Ho cam thiy dieu gl?
Lanh dao khdng chi la quan ly du lieu. No ddi hdi mpt kha nang xii ly vd so van de vd hinh (true giac).
5. Kinh nghl#m - Hp trai qua nhung gl?
Thii thach trong qua khii cang khd khan, ban cang cd nhieu co hpi. Kinh nghiem khdng dam bao cho miic dp tin nhiem, nhung khi'ch le mpi ngudi mang lai cho ban co hpi chung minh kha nang ciia minh.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
6. Thanh cdng - Ho da lam duoc nhung gi?
Thanh qua ban da dat dupe la minh chung ro ret nhat ve nang luc ciia ban truoc mpi nguoi. O nha thd dau tien, toi chang co dupe thanh qua gi. Nhung voi nha tho thu hai, toi da gat hai dupe mpt chut thanh qua. Moi lan phan dau, nhan mot cong viec gian nan, roi thanh cong, mpi nguoi lai co them ly do de tin vao kha nang lanh dao cua toi - va lang nghe nhung dieu toi noi.
7. Kha n3ng - Ho biet lam nhung gl?
Kha nang cua nha lanh dao la dieu kien toi thieu de mpi nguoi quyet dinh. Do la ly do tuyet doi de mpi nguoi lang nghe va cong nhan ban la lanh dao. Khi hp khong con tin vao kha nang cua ban, ngay lap tuc hp se ngung lang nghe ban.
K H I ME LEN TIENG.. .
Khi tham nhuan Nguyen tac E. F. Hutton, ban se hieu mpi ngudi ling nghe khong phai vi muon co M f ^ l™8 n8*e,
.. . .« . >• khdng phai vi mudn cd thong tin, ma vi ton trpng nguoi ° r
. thdng tin, md vi ton dang noi. ° ,
trong nguoi dang not. Gan day, toi nho lai nguyen tac
nay khi dpc mpt bai viet ve Me Teresa. Hau het khi mpi ngudi nghi ve Me, hp thudng mudng tupng ra mpt ngudi phu nu gay com, nho be, cd'ng hien ban than cho viec phuc vu nhung ngudi ngheo nhat
- 8 4 -
NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON
trong nhurng nguoi ngheo. Me la nhu vay. Nhung Me cung la mot nha lanh dao thuc thu. Lucinda Vardey, tac gia cuon sach Con duong nhd viet ve Me Teresa, da mieu ta nu tu nay nhu mot doanh nhan thuan khie't, manh me, nhan thiic duoc nhung van de can thiet va lam duoc nhieu viec; dau tranh manh liet de thiet lap duoc mpt to chiic, xay dung nen cac co quan noi tai cho to chiic do, dong thoi nhan rpng to chiic ra mpi noi tren the gioi.
To chiic ma Me Teresa thanh lap va lanh dao dupe gpi la Hpi Truyen giao Bac ai. Trong khi hoat dpng ciia cac dong huong nghiep Thien Chii a giao dang trong thoi ky kho khan, to chiic ciia Me lai phat trien manh me, dat tren bdn nghin thanh vien khi Me con duong chiic (chua ke so lupng Ion tinh nguyen vien). Dudi su lanh dao ciia Me, cac nu tu da di phuc vu 6 25 quo'c gia, rai rac khap nam chau. Rieng 6 thanh pho Calcutta (An Dp), me da xay dung mpt trung tam tu thien cho tre em, mpt trung tam cho nhiing nguoi phong cui, mpt cho nhung nguoi sap qua doi va nhung nguoi cung cue va mpt cho nhung nguoi dang trai qua su dau don ciia can benh lao va nhiing nguoi tam than. To chiic nhu vay chi co the anh huong va phat trien khi co mpt nguoi lanh dao thuc thu.
Peggy Nooman, nguyen la tac gia va la nguoi chuyen soan dien van cho tong thdng da viet ve mpt bai dien van ciia Me Teresa tai Nha Nguyen Bua sang Qudc gia nam 1994 nhu sau:
Ngay horn do co mat quan chiic ciia Washington, them vai nghin tin do Co doc, tin do Thien chua giao chinh thong, va tin do Do
- 8 5 -
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Thai giao. Me Teresa noi ve Chua, tinh yeu, gia dinh. Me noi chiing ta phai yeu thuong va quan tam den nhau. Do la loi ran trpng nhat.
Cang liic, bai dien van cang di vao truong hop cu the. Me noi ve nhung nguoi cha, nguoi me bat hanh trong nhiing ngoi nha xieu veo, dau kho vi bi lang quen. Me hoi: "Phai chang quy vi chi ra tay ciiu trp khi co ldi keu gpi tu gia dinh minh, chi hanh dpng khi cd lpi cho ban than?"
Ghe trong hpi trudng bat dau ndng len, me tiep tuc: "Tdi cam thay sir tan pha hda binh nghiem trpng nhat ngay nay la te nan pha thai." Me da ndi that kien quyet va chi ra nguyen nhan. Vai giay yen lang troi qua, hpi trudng bung len tieng hoan hd vang dpi. Nhung khdng phai ai cung vd tay, tong thd'ng va phu nhan, vp chong phd tong thd'ng Gore ngoi lang yen nhu tuong d Madame Tussaud. Me Teresa van khdng dung 6 dd. Khi Me ket thiic bai phat bieu, hau nhu khdng cd mdt ai ma Me khdng ddng cham tdi.
Thii hoi, neu nhung loi phat bieu do do bat ky nguoi nao tren the gioi nay dua ra, phan ling ciia moi nguoi se tro nen thu dich. Hp co the la 6, gieu cot, chiii boi, phan doi. Nhung nguoi phat ngon lai la Me Teresa. Rat co the, vao thoi diem do, Me la nguoi duoc kinh trpng nhat tren hanh tinh nay. Vi vay, tat ca tat ca deu lang nghe nhiing gi Me noi, tham chi dii co r.hieu nguoi trong so' hp khong dong tinh voi loi phat bieu ciia Me. That sir tat ca mpi lan Me Teresa phat bieu, mpi ngudi deu lang nghe. Tai sao vay? Me la mpt nha lanh dao that su, khi mpt nha lanh dao thuc thu phat bieu, moi ngudi se lang nghe.
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NGUYEN TAC E. F. HUTTON
Chinh vi vay, toi muon hoi: Moi ngudi phan ung the nao khi trao doi ciing ban? Khi ban phat bieu, moi ngudi co lang nghe ban khdng? Y tdi la ho cd that su lang nghe khdng? Hay ho chi doi cd ngudi len tieng mao dau cho hp? Ban se hieu rd hon nang luc lanh dao ciia chinh minh, neu dung cam tu hdi va tra ldi nhung cau hdi tren. Dd la sue manh ciia Nguyen tac E. F. Hutton.
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6
N G U Y E N T A C N E N T A N G
M e m tin la nen tang cua su lanh dao
B an than toi eta hoc hoi duoc sue manh cua Nguyen tac
Nen tang vao mua thu nam 1989. Djp do that ban rpn, toi la muc su chinh tai nha tho Skyline 6 San Diego. Hang nam, chiing toi thiet ke va dan dung mot chuong trinh le Giang sinh. No that su la mpt cong viec Ion. Can toi hon 300 nguoi de dan dung chuong trinh. Thiet ke san khau la mpt cong viec vp ciing kho khan, phiic tap va dpi hoi nhieu chuyen mon. Moi nam co toi tren 25 nghin nguoi den xem bieu dien va no da tro thanh mot le hpi truyen thong 6 San Diego, dien ra hang nam suo't hon hai thap nien qua.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Mua thu nam do that la sdi dpng voi toi. Chiing toi co vai chuong trinh moi lan dau tien co mat. Day do day ap hoat dpng chuan bi cho chuong trinh bieu dien Giang sinh. Them vao do, toi co qua nhieu ke hoach dien thuyet va nhung chuyen di chuyen duong dai. Va boi vi qua ban rpn nen toi da nong tinh khong the kiem soat, gay ra mpt so sai lam Ion. Toi vdi va thuc hien ba quyet dinh quan trpng va thi hanh ngay, khong he quan tam toi nhung van de ve lanh dao. Chi trong mpt tuan, toi da thay doi vai phan ciia chuong trinh bieu dien Giang sinh; toi cho dung vinh vien chuong trinh phuc vu tdi Chii nhat ciia nha thd; va cudi ciing, toi da sa thai mpt nhan vien.
QUYET DINH KHONG DON THUAN LA V A N DE QUYET D I N H ,
M A LA V A N DE L A N H DAO
Dieu thii vi la ca ba quyet dinh cua toi deu khong sai. Viec thay ddi trong chuong trinh Giang sinh la cd gia tri Idn. Viec bd phuc vu cac toi Chii nhat, vdn la mpt hinh thiic sinh hoat giai tri ciia nhiing thanh vien Idn tuoi trong giao doan, nhung khdng mang tinh xay dung giao doan, hay la hinh thiic qua mdi me chua timg thay d dau. Con nhan vien tdi sa thai cung diing ngudi, diing tpi, den ndi toi khong dupe phep cham tre ra quyet dinh cho anh ta thdi viec.
Sai lam ciia toi la each thuc hien ba quyet dinh ay. Bdi vi tat ca mpi viec d giao doan deu dang dien ra tot dep, toi nghi toi co the thuc hien cac quyet dinh ma khdng can tham khao
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NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG
bat ky mpt y kien nao. Thong thuong, toi tap hpp nhung nguoi trong ban hanh giao, trinh bay quan diem, tra loi chat van va dan dat giai quyet van de. Sau do, toi cho hp thoi gian de hp su dung anh hudng cua minh tac dpng den nhung ngudi minh true tiep phu trach. Cudi cung, khi co hpi den, tdi cd the thdng bao quyet dinh cuoi ciing cho tat ca mpi ngudi de hp biet ve quyet dinh dd, diing ra cam ket, khuyen khich va chi cho hp thay hp la mdt phan ciia quan diem mdi. Nhung lan nay, tdi da khdng lam bat ky buoc nao trong nhung buoc do. Gia ma tdi suy nghi thau dao hon.
HAU QUA LA MAT NIEM TIN
Khdng lau sau do, tdi bat dau cam thay khdng khi bat on len ldi xung quanh. Co nhung ldi ban ra tan vao trong cong ddng. Liic dau, tdi td thai dp mudn mpi ngudi hay quen chuyen dd di va hep tuc cdng viec. Nhung rdi tdi nhan ra rang van de khdng d phia hp. Van de nam d chinh ban than tdi. Tdi da xii ly cdng viec qua tdi. Tren het, thai dp ciia tdi khdng that su tich cue - That qua dang khi ban viet nen cudn sach cd cai ten la Thai dp dac thang! (The winning Attitude!). Dd la khi toi nhan ra minh da vi pham Nguyen tac Nen tang. Lan dau tien trong ddi, nhung ngudi do tdi lanh dao khdng hoan toan tin tudng vao tdi.
Ngay khi nhan ra sai lam ciia minh, tdi da cdng khai xin ldi mpi ngudi, xin dupe tha thii. Mpi ngudi deu biet biet khi ban cd sai sot. Cau hdi that su la ban cd chii dpng nhan ldi hay khdng. Neu cd, ban cd the nhanh chdng lay lai niem tin
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
d hp. Dieu do xay ra voi toi, khi toi xin loi giao doan. Ke tir do, toi luon dam bao thirc hien hpp ly. Toi hpc dupe mpt bai hpc thuc te, rang khi da dat trong pham tru lanh dao, ban khong the thuc hien cong viec bang duong tat, bat ke ban lanh dao mpi nguoi dupe bao lau.
Toi khong gap kho khan trong viec tim lai moi quan he ben vung
Khi dd dat trong pham v o i m ( ? i ngudi. Nhu toi da giai thich tru lanh dao, ban khdng trong cud'n Phat trien ky ndng lanh the thuc hien cdng viec dao, lich sir thanh cong va that bai bang dudng tat, bat ke ciia mpt nha lanh dao tao nen su
ban lanh dao moi ngudi khac biet Ion ve miic dp dupe tin duoc bao lau. nhiem ciia vi lanh dao ay. Dieu nay
gan giong su thay doi ciia tiii tien, liic bo vao, liic lay ra. Moi lan ban
thuc hien mpt quyet dinh lanh dao tot, giong nhu ban bo hen vao tiii minh. Va nguoc lai, khi ban sai lam trong each xir ly, ban phai lay tien ra de tra cho mpi ngudi.
Nha lanh dao nao cung co mdt khoan vdn san sang trong cai hii ciia minh, khi bat dau mpt vi tri lanh dao mdi. Tir do trd di, vi tri ay vira cd the lam cang phong cai tiii ay vira co the lam xep no di. Neu mpt lanh dao thuc hien nhung quyet dinh khong diing dan lan nay qua lan khac, thi dng ay luon phai chi tra. Va mdt ngay nao dd sau khi thuc hien quyet dinh sai lam cudi ciing, dng ay se so den tiii ciia minh va nhan ra rang no da trong rdng. Bat ke dieu sai lam do nghiem trpng co nao, khi ban khdng con ddng vdn nao trong tiii, nghia la ban khdng cdn la lanh dao.
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NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG
Mpt nha lanh dao ra nhung quyet dinh tot va giu dupe phong dp do cho to chuc tuc la cai tiii cua ong ta cung dang dupe boi dap. Cho du co so sua't mac sai lam, trong tiii ong ta van con von lieng de su dung. Do la kinh nghiem ma toi da co 6 Skyline, do la ly do khien toi co the xay dung lai niem tin voi mpi ngudi that nhanh chong.
NIEM TIN LA NEN TANG CHO S I / L A N H D A O
Niem tin la nen tang cho lanh dao. De xay dung niem tin, mpt lanh dao phai the hien dupe nhung pham chat sau: kha nang, quan he va tinh each. Mpi ngudi se bd qua nhung sai pham neu ban cd kha nang, dac biet khi hp nhan ra rang kha nang lanh dao cua ban van dang tiep tuc phat trien. Nhung hp se khdng dat niem tin vao ngudi cd BgXay dung niem tin, khiem khuyet trong tinh each. Trong m ( 5 t n M l i n h d a o p h u i
linh vuc nay, ngay ca nhung khiem Mhi'en duqc khd ndng, khuyet khong thudng xuyen cung quan h? vd tinh each. co the dan tdi bien cd' chet ngudi. Tat ca nhung nha lanh dao hieu qua deu biet su that nay. Chu tich, Giam dd'c Dieu hanh tap doan PepsiCo, Craig Weatherup cong nhan: "Moi ngudi se bd qua nhung sai lam neu ban trung thuc nhan ldi, nhung neu ban lam ton thuong niem tin ciia hp, thi rat khd lam cho hp tin ban nhu xua. Dd la ly do khien ban can phai giu gin niem tin nhu mdt thii vdn quy gia nhat. Ban cd the lua gat dupe sep
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
ciia ban nhung ban se khong bao gid lua duoc dong nghiep va nhan vien ciia minh."
Tuong H. Norman Schwarzkopf danh gia tam quan trpng ciia tinh each: "Lanh dao la su ket hpp hieu qua giua tinh each va chien lupc. Neu phai thieu mpt trong hai dieu kien do, nen chpn thieu chien lupc." Dao diic va nang luc lanh dao luon sat canh ben nhau. Anthony Harrigan, Chii tich Hpi dong Cong nghiep va Doanh nghiep My da noi,
Nghi luc luon la chia khoa thiic day sir thanh bai ciia quo'c gia. Nude My chac chan khong nam ngoai quy luat nay ciia lich sir. Chiing ta se khong ton tai voi tu each mpt quo'c gia vi chiing ta thong minh hon hay chiing ta tinh vi hon, ma bdi vi chiing ta hi vpng va manh me hon trong tam hon. Vi vay, tinh each la buoc tudng thanh huu hieu duy nhat ngan chan nhung lire lupng ben ngoai va ben trong dua mpt dat nude chia cat hay sup do.
Tinh each tao nen niem tin. Va niem tin tao nen lanh dao. Do la Nguyen tac Nen tang.
Tinh each la nen tang cua su ket ndi
Lanh dao mpi nguoi giong nhu hp dong y di ciing hanh trinh voi ban. Con dudng ciia hanh trinh ay do tinh each ciia ban du bao. Vdi rinh each phii hpp, thi hanh trinh di cang xa, hieu qua cang Idn. Nhung neu rinh each ciia ban cd khiem khuyet, hanh trinh cang dai, cang
Tinh each tao dung niem tin. Va niem tin tao nen
lanh dao. Do Id Nguyen tac Nen tang.
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NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG
toi te. Tai sao vay? Boi khong co mot ai muon danh thoi gian di theo nguoi minh khong tin tudng.
Tinh each ket nd'i rat nhieu dieu vdi nhung ngudi duoc lanh dao.
Tfnh each tao nen t(nh kien d|nh
Khdng the hy vong d nhung nha lanh dao thieu sue manh ben trong, bdi kha nang the hien cua ho ludn luon thay ddi. Cau thu nha nghe giai NBA, Jerry West da binh luan: "Ban se khong the thanh cdng trong cupc ddi neu ban chi lam viec khi cam thay thoai mai." Neu nhung ngudi dupe ban lanh dao khdng biet nen trong mong dieu gi d vai tro lanh dao ciia ban, thi d mdt khia canh nao dd, hp se khong coi ban la lanh dao.
Cudi thap ky 80, nhieu su kien da x^y ra. Mpt so lanh tu Co dd'c
"Khdng mot ai co the g>ao da sai lam va vap nga vi nhung vupt ra khdi hang rao van de dao due. Su thieu kien dinh tinh each cua chinh do da lam tdn hai den kha nang
ban than minh." lanh dao ngudi khac ciia hp. Thuc - John Morley te, no dem lai each nhin thieu thien
chi ve tat ca nhiing chiic sac tdn giao nay tren toan qudc gia bdi " i
no gay cho mpi ngudi cd thai dp ngd vuc cho tat ca nhung nha lanh dao giao hpi, khdng phan biet ca nhan hp da lam dupe nhiing gi. Tinh each hpen d' ciia nhung lanh dao sa nga dd da pha huy nen tang lanh dao ciia hp.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Khi toi suy nghi ve nhung nha lanh dao la hinh anh tieu bieu cho due tinh kien dinh, ngudi dau tien xuat hien trong suy nghi ciia toi la Billy Graham. Bo qua nhung niem tin ton giao ca nhan, thi tat ca moi nguoi deu tin d ong. Tai sao vay? Bdi vi dng la tam guong sang ve dao diic trong sudt hon mot mia the ky. Khong dieu gi dng hiia ma lai khong thuc hien duoc. Ong da di tron con dudng ciia minh bang su liem chinh tuyet ddi.
Tinh each tao ra tiem nang
John Morley nhan thay: "Khdng mdt ai cd the vupt ra khdi hang rao tinh each ciia chinh ban than minh." Dieu do dac biet diing trong linh vuc lanh dao. Mdt vi du dien hinh ve huan luyen vien ciia NHL, Mike Keenan. Tinh den giiia nam 1997, ong da dat dupe mpt ket qua dang tu hao ve nhung chien thang cua mdn khiic con cau chuyen nghiep: diing thii nam trong miia giai, dung thii ba trong vong loai true tiep, dat duoc sau danh hieu ddc lap, bdn lan vao den chung ket NHL va doat ciip Stanley.
Mac dii vdi nhiing ket qua nhu vay, song Keenan van khdng tim dupe mpt dpi de diing chan trong bat cii khoang thdi gian nao. Trong gan 12 miia giai, dng da huan luyen cho bdn cau lac bp. Sau khi dd dang cdng viec tai cau lac bp thii tu - St. Louis Blues, dng chiu that nghiep mpt thdi gian dai. Tai sao vay? Phong vien the thao E. M. Swift da ndi ve Keenan: "Cd ly do cho viec ngudi ta it mudn thue Keenan. Lam d dau, dng ta cung gay chia re doan ket giua cau thii va ban quan ly." Thuc te rd rang cho thay, cau thii ciia ong
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NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG
khong tin tudng ong. Tham chi, ca nhung ong chii cau lac bo ciing mat di su tin tudng doi vdi ong, cho dii hp da chiing kien chien thang ciia nhung cau lac bp ong dan dat. Duong nhu dng bd qua nhiing nguyen ly ciia Nguyen tac Nen tang.
Craig Weatherup giai thich: "Chi bang ldi ndi, ban khong the xay dap dupe niem tin. Ban phai xay dap nen niem tin bang viec phan dau dat muc tieu, ludn trung thuc va vdi tac phong tdn trong ngudi lam viec vdi minh." Khi mdt lanh dao cd tinh each manh me, dupe mpi ngudi tin tudng, rang kha nang ciia dng ta se chap canh cho tiem luc ciia hp. Dieu dd khong chi mang lai cho mpi ngudi niem hy vpng vao tuong lai, ma cdn thiic day mdt niem tin manh me vao ban than va chinh to chiic cua hp.
Tfnh each tao dung ldng tdn trong
Khi khdng cd siic manh, ban khdng the cd dupe su tdn trpng. Su tdn trong rat can thiet de duy tri vai trd lanh dao. Bang each nao, mpt nha lanh dao tim kiem dupe su tdn trpng hi mpi ngudi? Bang kha nang dua ra nhung quyet dinh tao bao, thiia nhan nhiing sai lam ciia minh, va danh tat ca nhung dieu tot dep nhat khdng phai cho ban than ma cho td chiic ciia hp va nhung ngudi trong td chiic dd.
Vai nam trudc day, mpt bp phim ve Trung doan bp binh 54 Massachusetts va vi chi huy, Dai ta Robert Gould Shaw da trinh chieu. Bp phim cd nhan de Vinh quang, va mac dii vai tinh tiet ciia bp phim da tieu thuyet hoa, thi cau chuyen trong cupc Npi chien ve cupc hanh quan ciia trung doan, su tuan thii, tdn trpng ciia nhung ngudi linh danh cho dng la su that.
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Bp phim da cung cap thong tin ve don vi dau tien trong Lien quan da tap hop duoc nhung nguoi linh My-Phi. Shaw, mot sT quan da trang da nhan nhiem vu chi huy trung doan voi toan quyen tuyen dung, lua chon nhung si quan (da trang) cap duoi, tap hop quan ngu, trang bi, dao tao hp tro thanh nhung chien binh. Ong da cho hp luyen tap rat cham chi, y thiic rang nhung gi hp the hien trong chien dau se hoac chiing to, hoac danh gia thap gia tri ciia nguoi da den trong mat dan da trang phuong Bac. Trong qua trinh do, ca Shaw va nhiing nguoi linh deu co dupe su ton trpng ciia nhau.
Vai thang sau khi hoan thanh chuong trinh huan luyen, nhiing nguoi linh ciia Trung doan 54 da co co hpi chiing to kha nang ciia hp bang cupc chien trong Lien quan Phao dai Wagner 6 phia nam Carolina. Nha tieu sii hpc Russell Duncan viet ve cupc chien ciia Shaw: "De chung to kha nang nhiing nguoi linh ciia minh, Shaw da xong len phia truoc va ra lenh 'tien len.' Nhieu nam sau, mpt nguoi linh da nho lai, trung doan da chien dau vi Shaw, ca doan quan xong len phia truoc, chii khong phai tut lai phia sau."
Gan mpt nua trong tong so 600 quan si ciia Trung doan 54 da bi thuong, bi bat va hy sinh. Mac du rat dung cam, hp da khong the danh chiem noi Phao dai Wagner. Va Shaw da
Nha lanh dao tim kiem su ton trQng tit moi ngudi bang each nao? Bdng khd ndng dua ra nhung quyet dinh tao bao, thua nhan sai ldm, vd danh tai ca nhung dieu toi dep nhat
cho to chiec vd nhung ngudi trong to chitc.
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NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG
dung cam xong len dau, lanh dao dpi quan, ciing hy sinh ciing voi nhiing ngudi dong dpi.
Hanh ddng trong ngay cudi ciing ciia cudc ddi da ciing cd them long tdn trpng cua nhung ngudi linh danh cho Shaw. Hai tuan sau cudc chien, Albanus Fisher, mdt trung si ciia Trung doan 54, da ndi: "Tdi van con cam thay rd tinh than va hao khi ciia cupc chien hon bao gid het, va toi udc rang toi cd the tra thii dupe cho nhung ddng doi ciia tdi." J. R. Miller cung da timg nhan xet: "Chi cd mdt thii trd lai tir nam md, khdng chap nhan bi chon vui, dd chinh la nhan each mpt con ngudi. Diing the. Dd la nhung gi con lai mai mai ciia mdt con nguoi. Khdng bao gid chdn vui ndi dieu ay." Nhan each cua Shaw, thii nhan each manh me cho tdi giay phiit cudi ciing, da tao dung cho dng su kinh trpng ciia mpi ngudi d mdt cap bac cao hon.
Nhiing tinh each tot ciia mdt nha lanh dao tao dung long tin d cap dudi. Nhung khi nha lanh dao lam tdn thuong den long tin, dng se phai den bii bang nang lire lanh dao ciia minh. Dd la tinh than cua Nguyen tac Nen tang. Tdi nhd lai nguyen tac nay trong khi tdi dang lang nghe mpt bai giang ciia mpt ngudi ban, Bill Hybels. Mpt nam bdn lan, anh ay va tdi thudng ciing thuyet trinh trong mpt hpi thao ma
"Chi co mot thit tra lai tic nam mo, khdng chap
nhan bi chon vui, do chinh Id nhan each mQt con nguoi, Diing the. Do la nhung gi con lai mdi mai ciia mQt con nguoi. Khong bao gid chdn vui
ndi dieu diy."
-J. R. Miller
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
chiing toi gpi la Lanh dao va Ket noi de thay doi cupc song. Bill da trinh bay mpt de tai co tua de "Nhung bai hpc tu con ac mong lanh dao", anh ay da chia se nhung phat hien va suy nghi ciia minh ve nhung sai lam trong lanh dao ciia Robert McNamara va chinh quyen Tong thong Johnson trong cuoc chien tranh Viet Nam rang, chinh quyen Johnson thieu kha nang lira chpn nhung thii thach, du doan thieu chinh xac ve tuong lai, that bai ciia Johnson trong viec giai quyet nhung mau thuan ndi bp. Nhung theo quan diem ciia toi, suy nghi Ion nhat ma Bill chia se cho hpi thao la van de that bai ciia cac nha lanh dao My, bao gdm ca McNamara, khi khong dam doi mat va cong khai thiia nhan nhung sai lam nghiem trpng ciia hp trong chien tranh Viet Nam. Hanh dpng ciia hp da danh mat niem tin ciia nguoi dan My, do do, hp da vi pham Nguyen tac Nen tang. Va My da chiu tham bai chua rung co trong lich sir.
CHINH SACH KE THUA LA YEU TO CAN T R 6 L A N H D A O
Viet Nam da tro thanh mpt cupc chien ngay tir khi Tong thong Kennedy va Bp trudng Quoc phong Robert McNamara bat dau lanh dao Nha Trang thang 1 nam 1961. Viet Nam da la khu vuc xung dpt va chien tranh trong vai thap nien trudc do, My da tham chien tir giua nhung nam 1955, khi Tong thd'ng Eisenhower gin mpt nhdm nhd tdi Viet Nam lam nhiem vu cd' van qudc phong. Khi Kennedy triing
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NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG
cii tong thdng, dng da tiep tuc chinh sach ciia nguoi hen nhiem. Thai gian troi qua, My cang liin sau vao cuoc chien. Trudc khi cupc chien ket thiic, da hon mia trieu binh linh My da den tham chien d Viet Nam.
Neu ban cdn nhd nhung nam chien tranh d Viet Nam, ban se rat ngac nhien ve miic dp My da ling hp, dau tu cho cupc chien manh den miic nao, thong qua so quan giii sang ngay cang tang, cung so lupng binh si My bd mang.
TIN Tl/ONG TRIJOC - UNG HO SAU
Nhung su ling ho dd da khong keo dai. Cudc chien tranh Viet Nam da va dang can xii ly cap bach. Tren tat ca, nhung nha lanh dao ciia chiing ta van tiep tuc cudc chien tham chi sau khi hp da nhan ra rang hp khong the chien thang. Nhung su sai lam tdi te nhat ma chinh phii Johnson va McNamara da lam la hp da doi tra nhan dan My. Chinh vi vay, hp da pha vd Nguyen tac Nen tang va dieu do da hiiy hoai hoan toan vai trd lanh dao ciia chinh quyen.
Trong cudn Hoi ky ciia minh, McNamara da hdi tudng lai, rang dng da nhieu lain cd'gang han che tdi da su mat mat ciia My va chi cho biet mdt nua su that ve cupc chien tranh Viet Nam. Vi du nhu, dng da noi: "Trong chuyen trd ve Washington [tii Sai Gdn] ngay 21/12/1963, tdi da thieu trung thuc khi tra ldi gidi bao chi... Tdi da ndi: 'Chiing toi da nhan thay nhung ket qua ciia nhiing hoat dpng ciia Viet cpng dang phat trien nhanh chdng' (dieu nay diing); nhung tdi da
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
them vao, 'Chiing toi da vach ra nhiing ke hoach cho mien Nam Viet Nam va chiing ta co rat nhieu ly do de tin tuong su chien thang' (dieu nay la phong dai)."
Khi do, khong ai nghi ngo nhung phat bieu ciia McNamara boi vi khong co ly do de nghi ngo loi noi ciia nhung nguyen thii quo'c gia. Nhung sau do, moi ngudi da nhan ra giua ldi noi ciia ong ta va su that ve cupc chien hoan toan khong khdp nhau. Chinh dieu nay da lam cho ngudi dan mat niem tin vao hp. Nhung nam sau dd, McNamara da thiia nhan nhung sai lam ciia minh: "Nhung ngudi trong chinh quyen Tong thdng Kennedy va chinh quyen Tong thdng Johnson nhu chiing tdi da tu y tham gia cac quyet dinh ve Viet Nam, do la nhiing van de nguyen tac va truyen thd'ng ciia dat nude nay. Chiing tdi da quyet dinh dua tren nhiing gia tri dd. Song chiing tdi da sai lam, mot sai lam nghiem trpng."
VA SAU DO, DA QUA MUON
Rat nhieu ngudi van con mudn tranh cai ve nhung ldi thii nhan ciia McNamara cho dii da hon 30 nam troi qua, va vdi 58 nghin mang ngudi, gid da la qua mudn. Cai gia cho cupc chien d Viet Nam qua dat. Van de d day khdng chi dupe do dem bang mang song ciia con ngudi ma con la niem tin ciia ngudi dan My vao chinh quyen da bi xoi mdn, mpi ngudi khong con san sang ling hp mpt chinh quyen nhu vay. Nhiing ngudi phan dd'i chien tranh Viet Nam da bieu tinh va bao loan, khiing hoang xa hoi xay ra d khap noi tren nude
— 102 — 1
NGUYEN TAC NEN TANG
My. Ky nguyen ay eta duoc bat dau bang nhung hy vong, ly tuong do John F. Kennedy khai dau, roi hoan toan ket thuc bang lua doi va hoai nghi do Richard Nixon dau tro.
Bat ke khi nao mpt nha lanh dao khong tuan thii theo Nguyen tac nen tang, ong ay se phai tra gia bang chinh hoat dpng lanh dao ciia minh. McNamara va Tong thong Johnson da danh mat niem tin ciia nguoi dan My, do la hau qua do hoat dpng lanh dao ciia ho gay ra. Ket qua, McNamara da tii chiic Ngoai truong, con Johnson riit khoi vu dai chinh tri, ong ta nhan ra van de ciia minh, nen quyet dinh khong ra tranh cii nhiem ky tong thong tiep theo. Nhung tai tieng ve viec ong da danh mat niem tin thi van ton tai dai dang. Cho den tan horn nay, nguoi dan My van hoai nghi ve cac chinh khach va van con tiep tuc mat niem tin.
Khong lanh dao nao viia lay mat niem tin ciia mpi nguoi, lai vua mong tiep tuc tao anh huong toi hp. Niem tin la nen tang ciia lanh dao. Vi pham Nguyen tac nen tang cung co nghia la ban da tu day minh ra khoi gioi lanh dao.
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7
N G U Y E N T A C T O N T R O N G
Moi ngudi tudn theo nhd lanh dao manh me hon minh
N eu nhu ban da co dip gap nguoi phu nu ay, co le la co
ta chang gay cho ban mot an tuong nao. Co ay chang co gi dac biet, chi la mot ngudi phu nu gan 40 tuoi, cao chua day met ruoi vdi mau da nau den. Cd hoan toan mil chu. Quan ao ciia cd duoc may bang nhung tam vai thd son rach. Khi cd mim cudi, moi ngudi cd the nhin thay cd da bj mat hai cai rang ciia.
Cd sdng mdt minh. Ngudi ta ke lai rang chinh co bo chdng nam 29 tud'i ma khdng he bao trudc. Khi anh ta thiic
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
giac thi co da di rat xa. Co chi co mot lan duy nhat noi chuyen voi chong minh sau do va roi chang bao gid de cap den cai ten cua anh ta nua.
Cdng viec cua co cung ludn bi gian doan. Hau het thai gian, co lam nhung cdng viec lat vat trong khach san nhu: lau chili tran nha, don phong va lam be'p. Nhung cu moi khi miia xuan va thu ve, cd lai bien mat mdt thdi gian, roi sau do quay trd lai tiep tuc lam viec, bdn nhat timg xu mdt. Cd lam viec cham chi va cue ky deo dai, nhung ai cung biet cd cd tat ngii guc ngay trong khi dang ndi chuyen. Day hinh nhu la hau qua cua cii dap vao dau.
Ai se tdn trong mdt ngudi phu nu nhu the nay? Cau tra ldi la da cd hon 300 no le di theo cd de duoc tu do d phuang Nam. Hp da di theo, tuan theo su lanh dao ciia cd. Cd da lanh dao hp chdng lai chu nghia no le d New England nam 1857. Ten ngudi phu nu ay la Harriet Tubman.
NHA LANH DAO DONG NHIEU VAI TRO
Khi d tudi 30, Harriet Tubman da dupe mpi ngudi gpi la Moses vi tinh than dung cam dam di den noi giam cam va dua rat nhieu ngudi thoat khdi kie'p no le. Tubman sinh ra da la no le. Cd ra ddi nam 1820, va Idn len trong ddn dien ciia bang Maryland (tieu bang phia ddng nude My). Nam 13 tudi, cd bi danh vao dau va vet thuong ay da lam cho cd dau nhiic sudt cudc ddi. Khi ay, cd dang d trong trang trai, mdt ten cai da trang da yeu cau cd giiip han tra tan mpt no le
— 106 —
NGUYEN TAC TON TRONG
chay tron. Khi co be tir choi va ngan can han, han da nem qua ta gan mot can vao dau co. Co be da suyt chet, nhieu thang sau, co moi binh phuc.
Nam 24 tuoi, co ket hon voi John Tubman, mot nguoi da den tu do. Nhung khi co noi chuyen vdi chdng ve viec tau thoat len mien Bac tu do thi chdng cd da khong ung hd. Anh ta con bao neu cd cd' tinh tron, han se bit cd lai. Khi cd quyet dinh trd'n len mien BSc, cd da hanh dong mdt minh, khdng ndi ldi nao vdi chong. Saubah Bardford, nguoi dau tien viet tieu su ve Tubman, da chia se nhung dieu Tubman ke: "Ly tri mach bao tdi rang tdi co quyen lam mdt trong hai dieu, tu do hay la chet. Neu tdi khdng cd cai nay thi tdi phai cd cai kia, ching ai co the lam dieu dd thay tdi, tdi phai chien dau cho tu do cua ban than den hoi thd cudi ciing. Den liic so phan quy dinh tdi phai chet, Chua se de ho bat duoc tdi."
Harriet Tubman da vach mdt hanh trinh tdi Philadelphia bang dudng tau dien ngam Pensylvania, con dudng bi mat ciia nhung ngudi da den tu do, nhung ngudi da trang chd'ng chii nghia no le va nhung ngudi thupc giao phai Quakers - nhung ngudi giup do no le chay trd'n. Mac dii da tim dupe tu do cho minh, cd the se quay trd lai Maryland de dua ca gia dinh minh thoat khoi kie'p no le. Nam 1850, cd da quay trd lai nhu mpt ngudi dan dudng theo dudng tau dien ngam. Cd da cd' gang dua no le trd'n thoat bang sir nhiet tinh, cam thdng va no luc giiip do tat ca bpn hp tren sudt chang dudng.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
NHA LANH DAO THEP
Moi khi miia he va dong toi, Harriet Tubman lai quay ve voi cong viec don dep cua minh, cop nhat mot khoan can thiet de chi phi cho cuoc hanh trinh xudng phia Nam. Moi khi mua xuan va miia thu toi, co lai lieu mang di xuong phia Nam va giai thoat rat nhieu no le. Co la nguoi lanh dao kien dinh, dung cam va khong bao gid so hai. Cong viec co lam vo ciing nguy hiem, nhung vdi nhung cai vay tay cd vu, tin tuong ciia mpi ngudi trong doan, cd trd nen manh me va cung ran nhu thep. Harriet Tubman biet rang, neu nhung no le bd trdn quay tro lai se bi bat va tra tan cho den khi nao ho khai ra nhung ngudi dan dau da giiip hp bd trd'n. Cho nen cd khdng bao gid cho phep bat ky mpt ai trong so nhung ngudi duoc cd giai cuu lai bd cudc. Vdi khau hieu "Tha chet chii khdng chiu khai mdt loi", cd da gan gipng vdi mpt no le nhat gan khi di sung vao dau anh ta: "May mudn di hay mudn chet".
Den giua nhung nam 1850-1860, Harriet Tubman da giai thoat hon 300 no le, trong dd cd rat nhieu ngudi la thanh vien gia dinh cd. Cd da thuc hien td'ng cdng 19 cudc giai cuu vdi mpt dieu dang tu hap la trong tat ca nhung cudc giai cuu dd, cd chua he danh mat mdt thanh vien nao. "Tdi khdng bao gid de cho doan tau lech khdi duong ray", cd da ndi, "va tdi khdng bao gid de mat hanh khach nao." Nhung ngudi da trang phuong Nam da treo giai thudng 12.000 dd-la cho nhung ai lay dupe dau ciia cd. Nhung nguoi da den phuong Nam don gian gpi cd la Moses. Trong thdi gian
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NGUYEN TAC TON TRONG
dau ciia cupc noi chien, co con tiep tuc dua nhieu ngudi nua thoat khdi kie'p no le, nhieu hon bat ke ngudi My nao, bat ke da den hay da trang, nam hay nu trong lich sii da timg lam.
NGAY CANG Dl/QC KINH TRONG
Tieng tam va anh hudng ciia Harriet Tubman da tao nen su kinh trpng rat Idn khdng chi trong tang ldp no le, nhung ngudi da va dang cd udc mo tim kiem tu do, ma ca nhung ngudi cd the luc dii mau da d mien Bac cung tim den cd. Cd da cd nhiing cudc ndi chuyen trong timg gia dinh, trong cac buoi bieu tinh ciia ddng dao nhan dan xuyen sudt Philadelphia, Pensylvania, Boston, Massachusetts, St. Catharines, Canada va noi cd dinh cu tai Auburn, New York. Mdt so nhan vat tam co tirng tim kiem cd, nhu Thupng nghj si William Seward, sau nay trd thanh Ngoai trudng trong chinh quyen Tong thd'ng Abraham Lincoln, nha hoat ddng ndi tieng trong phong trao bai no, cuu no le Frederick Douglass. Tham chi John Brown, nha hoat dpng each mang trong phong trao bai no, ciing de nghi dupe cd tu van ve kha nang lanh dao. Ong gpi cd la "Nu tudng Tubman," va dng ndi ve cd: "Cd la thii linh gidi nhat ma tdi timg jap, cd cd the lanh dao thanh cdng ca quan dpi, giong nhu timg lanh dao nhung cupc chay trd'n ciia no le". Dd la tinh than chinh ciia Nguyen tac Tdn trpng.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
DIEU KIEN DE TRO T H A N H L A N H DAO
Harriet Tubman khong phai mot ung cu vien cho chiic vu lanh dao, bdi d co chang hoi tu nhung yeu to', dieu kien thuan loi cho vi tri do. Co la ngudi khdng duoc hoc hanh. Co song trong mot nen van hoa ma nhung ngudi My goc Phi khong duoc ton trong, trong mdt dat nude ma phu nu chua co quyen bau cii. Mac dii vay, cd van trd thanh nha lanh dao ldi lac. _ Nguyen nhan that don gian: Moi ngudi thudng tin theo nhung nha lanh dao gidi giang, manh me hon minh. Tat ca moi ngudi den vdi cd deu nhan ra siic manh va kha nang lanh dao ciia cd va cd cam giac bi thdi thiic phai theo cd. Dd la nguyen ly hoat dpng ciia Nguyen tac Tdn trong.
Khi moi nguoi ton trong mpt ai do, ho kinh ne nguoi ay. Khi coi ai do la ban, ho yeu thuong ngudi dy. Khi
coi ai do Id lanh dao, hp se di theo ngudi dy.
T I M RA NGUGT L A N H D A O KHONG PHAI LA M O T CAU DO
Khong phai vd tinh ma moi ngudi tuan thii theo mpt ai do. Hp di theo nhung ca nhan cd nang luc lanh dao duoc moi ngudi tdn trpng. Mdt' ngudi da dat diem 8 trong nac thang lanh dao (thang diem tir 1 den 10) khdng bao gid ra ngoai tim kiem nhiing ngudi chi dat diem 6 de theo - anh ta duong nhien di theo nhung ngudi co thang diem 9 va 10. Nhung ngudi co kha nang yeu hon se di theo nhung ngudi
— no —
NGUYEN TAC TON TRONG
co nang lire va kha nang manh hon. Mot nha lanh dao quyen nang thuong lua chon nhung ai co kha nang yeu hon ban than ong ta. Nhung khi dieu do xay ra, con co nhieu nguyen nhan khac. Vi nhu mpt lanh dao gioi thuong the hien su ton trpng trong van phong hay doi voi nhung phan viec ma cap dudi da hoan tat hoac co the chi la tuan thii theo mpt chudi yeu cau. Nhin chung, nhung nguoi duoi quyen thuong bi nhung nguoi co kha nang lanh dao tot hon minh loi cuon. Do la Nguyen tac Ton trpng.
Khi mpt nhom dupe tap hpp, hay quan sat dieu gi dang dien ra. Khi hp bat dau tac dpng lan nhau, nhung nguoi lanh dao trong nhom ngay lap tuc thuc hien nghia vu. Hp tim kiem nhung dinh huong ma hp theo duoi, nguoi nao hp muon di theo. Liic dau, mpi ngudi cd the thii vai hudng di khac nhau, nhung khi mpi ngudi da hieu hon ve nhau, hp se khdng mat nhieu thoi gian nhan ra nhung lanh dao manh me nhat va di theo nhung ngudi dd.
KHI NHOM MOT HINH THANH, MOI NGUOI DI MQT HUONG RIENG
— i n —
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
MOI NGUOI NHANH CHONG DI THEO NHA LANH DAO CO ANH HLfONG NHAT
GO dl H]
m
MOI NGUOI TAP HOP VA DI THEO NHA LANH DAO NAO MANH HON MINH
£ 1 I
[6] Lz] ^ Lu
Li] I] Lu li a
— 112 —
NGUYEN TAC TON TRONG
Thong thuong, cang co kha nang lanh dao cang tot, anh ta cang nhanh chong nhan ra ngudi khac co kha nang lanh dao hay khong. Luc do, moi ngudi trong nhom cung "len tau" va di theo nhung nha lanh dao manh me nhat. Neu khdng, hp se rdi nhdm, theo dudi mdt muc tieu rieng ciia minh.
Toi nhd lai mdt cau chuyen xay ra dau nhung nam 1970. Do la cau chuyen ve trung phong bong rd ndi Cdng co khd nang lanh tieng Bill Walton khi anh gia nhap n8uoi t a can8 n h a n h
doi bong ro UCLA do John Wooden ch6n8 nh™ ™ lam huan luyen vien. La mdt cau k M c c d k h d n*n*,inh
thii tre, Walton de rau. Theo dao hay khong. nguyen tac ciia huan luyen vien, — -— khong mpt ai trong dpi dupe phep de rau. Walton vd'n la ngudi ngang nganh, anh da tra ldi rang minh se khdng cao rau. Wooden da phan ung bang cau tra ldi day y nghia: "Chiing tdi se rat nhd cau, Bill a." Khdng can phai ndi gi, Walton da cao rau ngay lap tuc.
M O T N H A L A N H D A O D l / O C TON TRONG L U O N K H I E M N H l / O N G
Thang 10 nam 1997, cpng ddng bong rd cac trudng dai hpc My chia tay mpt nha lanh dao vi dai trong bdng ro khi ong tuyen bd've huu sau hon 30 nam cdng hien cupc ddi minh cho bdng rd. Ong la Dean Smith, huan luyen vien trudng dpi bong rd trudng Dai hpc Bac Carolina. Ong da dat ket qua an
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
tuong trong khi dan dat Tar Heels, duoc coi la mot trong nhung huan luyen vien xuat sac nhat tren mpi cap dp. Trong 32 nam tren cuong vi huan luyen vien truong dpi bong ro truong Dai hpc Bac Carolina, ong da chien thang 879 han, nhieu hon mpi huan luyen vien trong lich su cac dpi bong ro cua truong dai hpc. Cac dpi dupe ong dan dat da gianh chuc vo dich 20 trong 27 miia giai. Hp da gianh 13 danh hieu Atlantic, 11 lan co mat tai tran chung ket, va da gianh hai giai vo dich quoc gia.
Smith nhan dupe su kinh trpng — —— sau sac tir phia dong nghiep. Khi , T „ , ,.
1 , „ Nguoi lanh dao can phai dng dinh ngay hop bao de thong . »
° • ° biet la ho met va can bao viec minh nghi him, nhung p U i c 6 k U n h t g k m t n
ngudi nhu John Thompson, huan n h u n g thic md ho ddbiet luyen vien trudng Georgetown, tro „en ro rdng hon. ngudi da bi Smith danh bai trong _ Clarence B. Randall giai vo djch quo'c gia nam 1981 va cuu cau thii Larry Brown, ngudi -hien dang huan luyen cho dpi Philadelphia khdng Id vdi 76 cau thii, da den ling hp va chia se. Michael Hooker, Vien trudng danh du ciia trudng Dai hpc Nprth Carolina da ngd ldi mdi Smith lam viec d bat cii vi tri nao ma ong mudn tai trudng trong nhung nam tiep theo. Tham chi ca tong thd'ng My cung da gpi cho ong de chia se.
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NGUYEN TAC TON TRONG
NHUNG NGlJdl GAN GUI NHAT D A N H SU K I N H TRONG LON N H A T
CHO SMITH
Nhung Nguyen tac Ton trpng the hien manh me nhat trong cong viec cua Smith la nhin vao each cac cau thu chiu anh huong tu ong. Hp ton trpng ong vi rat nhieu ly do. Ong da day cho hp rat nhieu ve bong ro va cupc song. Ong khuyen khich ho hoc van hoa nen hau het cac cau thu deu dat dupe bang cap. Ong dua hp den voi chien thang. Va ong cho ho thay long trung thanh va su kinh trpng dang kinh ngac. Charlie Scott, nguoi da choi cho Smith va tot nghiep truong Bac Carolina nam 1970, von la mpt cau thii bong ro* nha nghe va sau do tiep tuc cong viec giam doc marketing cho Champion Products. Anh da ke ve thai gian lam viec ciing Smith:
La mpt cau thii sinh vien da den dau tien d ACC, toi da trai qua nhieu giay phut kho khan d Bac Carolina, nhung huan luyen vien Smith luon 6 ben canh toi. Co lan chiing toi dang dao buoc tdi san bdng ro de choi tai South Carolina, mpt trong nhiing co dpng vien ciia hp da gpi tdi la "con khi dau chd da den to xac", hai trp ly da phai dm chat huan luyen vien Smith ngan dng dudi theo ga dd. Dd la lan dau tien toi nhin thay huan luyen vien Smith rat buon, va tdi thi bi sdc. Nhung hon tat ca, tdi rat tir hao ve dng.
Trong suo't thoi gian lam viec tai Bac Carolina, Smith da tao anh huong kha Ion. Nang luc lanh dao ciia ong khong chi mang lai chien thang va niem kinh trpng tir cac cau thii,
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
ma con dao tao duoc 49 cau thu xuat sac, hep tuc choi bong ro chuyen nghiep. Trong so do co nhung ten ruoi noi tieng nhu Bob McAdoo, James Worthy va tat nhien ca Michael Jordan -khong chi la cau thii bong ro xuat sac nhat moi thoi dai, ma con la mot lanh dao gioi trong pham vi quan ly ciia minh.
Bo ciia Micheal Jordan, ong James Jordan da ghi nhan cong lao va anh hudng ciia Smith ddi vdi thanh cong ciia con trai minh ngay nay. Trudc tran dau quyet dinh 6 Chicago nam 1993, bd'Jordan da nhan dinh:
Mpi nguoi con danh gia thap chuung trinh dao tao do Dean Smith ap dung. Ong da giiip Michael nhan ra nang khieu the thao ciia minh va tien hanh ren luyen cho thang be. Nhung quan trpng hon ca la ong da tao cho Michael moi ban ITnh de co dupe su nghiep ngay horn nay. Toi khong nghi rang Michael dupe uu dai hon ve mat dao tao so voi bat ky ai, no chi co ca tinh de tiep thu nhung gi dupe dao tao tai Carolina, hai dieu ay da dupe pha tron lam mpt. Do la con duong duy nhat ma toi co the nhin thay, va toi nghi rang do la nhung yeu to tao nen mpt cau thii Michael nhu ngay nay.
Vai nam trudc day, Michael Jordan bay td y dinh kien quyet rang chi mudn choi bong vdi mpt huan luyen vien -Phil Jackson, ngudi dupe anh tin la huan luyen vien tot nhat. Dieu dd cd nguyen nhan sau xa ciia no. Mpt thii linh nhu Jordan se chi muon tuan theo mpt lanh dao that su manh. Do la Nguyen tac Ton trpng. Cd the udc mo cua Jordan da duoc gieo hat ngay hi khi anh con la cau thu tre, dang trudng thanh, dupe huan luyen vien gidi giang Dean Smith dan dat va day bao.
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NGUYEN TAC TON TRQNG
BAO NHIEU NGUGT SE D I THEO?
Co rat nhieu each kiem tra miic do ton trong ciia mot nguoi doi vdi vi lanh dao ciia anh ta, nhung co le each hieu qua nhat la xem xet khi mpt nha lanh dao thiet lap mdt thay ddi co ban trong mot to chiic. Toi da trai nhiem dieu nay vao nam 1997, khi ddi cdng ty INJOY ciia minh tir San Diego, California tdi Atlanta, Georgia. Tdi da cd y dinh ddi cdng ty ngay tir dau nam 1996, khi dang di nghi d Trung Qudc ciing vp tdi la Margaret. Chiing tdi da thao luan ve van de dd, va bat dau dung anh hudng ciia minh dd'i vdi nhung lanh dao chii cho't ciia cdng ty. Sau khi trinh bay kinh nghiem ca nhan va ly lich lam viec cua minh vdi rung lanh dao, tdi da udc chimg khoang 50% trong so hp san sang thay ddi cudc sdng, len dudng thuc hien cudc chuyen ddi xuyen qudc gia ciing vdi tdi va cdng ty. Va Margaret cung rat ddng y vdi nhan xet ciia tdi.
Vai thang sau dd, sau khi tdi va Chii tich INJOY la Dick Peterson da Hen hanh lam cdng viec chuan bi so Bdi kiem tra hieu qua bp cho chuyen di ddi, tdi bat dau nhat ve long kinh trong thuc hien nhiem vu di gap tung ca Id khi mot nhd lanh dao nhan nhung lanh dao trong cdng ty thiet lap mot thay doi co ciia minh de thdng bao cho hp ve b a n tronS to chuc. quyet dinh tdi Atlanta. Va tat ca nhung nha lanh dao do deu bay td su ling hp va mong mudn thuc hien hanh trinh do. Trong tham tam, tdi chi dam mong chd mdt mia trong so hp ddng
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
tinh. Song, ban thii tuong tuong xem toi da vui sudng nhu the nao khi nhan ra rang, tat ca moi nguoi trong nhung vj tri lanh dao nong cot ciia toi deu dong hanh ciing toi - 100%.
Chuyen do dien ra each day khoang mpt nam, tat ca cac lanh dao chii cho't van dang lam viec ciing toi tai Atlanta. Tai sao rat nhieu ngudi thuc hien hanh trinh ciing vdi tdi va cong ty? Hp deu la nhiing cong trinh su va la mot phan trong cdng trinh ma chiing tdi xay dung nen. Hon nua, toi da dau tu rat nhieu thdi gian va nghi luc trong mdi quan he vdi hp, gia tang gia tri cho cupc ddi hp. Nhung co mpt ly do khac con quan trpng hon. Vi toi da danh ca cudc ddi de phat trien nhung ky nang lanh dao ciia minh nen tdi cd dupe kha nang lanh dao nhung thii linh tai gioi khac. Nhung ngudi a bac thang so 9, so 10 se khong tuan thii su lanh dao ciia ngudi d bac thang so 7. Dd la nguyen ly hoat dpng ciia lanh dao. Dd ciing la bi quyet ciia Nguyen tac Tdn trpng.
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8
N G U Y E N T A C T R l / C G I A C
Nhd lanh dao danh gid duoc tat ca moi dim bang khuynh huong lanh dao
T rong mot chuong trinh truyen hinh mang ten Dragnet
(Keo luoi), Jack Webb da noi mpt cau noi tieng: "Su that don thuan, thua ba, do la su that don thuan." Trong tat ca nhung nguyen tac lanh dao, Nguyen tac True giac la kho hieu hon ca. Tai sao vay? Vi no dua tren nhung dieu cao hon sir that dem thuan. Nguyen tac True giac dupe dua tren nhung su that cong voi ban nang va nhung nhan to vo hinh khac. Va su that la, true giac lanh dao luon la yeu to phan biet nha lanh dao kiet xuat voi nhung nha lanh dao khac.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Toi se thuat lai mpt doan hoi thoai giua toi voi mpt nhan vien cua toi la Tim Elmore, no se giup ban co mpt vai nhan dinh ve Nguyen tac True giac.
NHA LANH DAO KIET XUAT DOC RA T I N H HUONG VA LEN TIENG
Khi do, chung toi song 6 San Diego. Chu de cua cupc hoi thoai la viec ba cau thii dang chay dua vao vi tri tien ve ciia mpt doi bong. Tim hoi toi rang ai se la ngudi chien thang va co kha nang giu duoc vi tri trong cupc dua nay, khong chan chu, toi ndi: "Stan HumPhries."
"That khong?" Tim hoi lai. "Toi khong nghi rang anh ta co co hpi. Anh ta khong phai la mpt cau thii cao Idn, ngudi ta con noi rang anh ta cung chang co nhieu co gang trong phong tap the luc. Tham chi trong anh ta con chang giong mpt tien ve."
"Khong thanh van de", tdi ndi. "Cau ay lanh dao tot hon. Hay xem cau ay choi va anh se thay cau ay cd kha nang dpc ra bat ke tinh huong nao, chi ra phuong phap diing va dat dupe ket qua. Cau ay se dupe lua chpn." Va thuc te, Stan da dupe chpn. Cau ay tuyet vdi den ndi cd the dua mpt dpi bong binh thudng nhu San Diego gianh chiic vd dich Super Bowl nam 1995.
Tat ca nhung tien ve chuyen nghiep deu co ky thuat chuyen mdn. O cap dp chuyen nghiep, su khac nhau ve the luc khdng ddng vai trd qua quan trpng. Dieu tao nen sir
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NGUYEN TAC TRUC GlAC
khac biet giua mpt con tot voi con at chu bai chinh la true giac. Nhung nguoi vi dai co the nhin thay nhieu thu ma nhung nguoi khac khong the, hp kip lam cho cue dien thay ddi va vupt len, trudc khi nhung ngudi khac phat hien dieu gi dang dien ra.
KHA NANG DU" BAO
Toi da hpc dupe rat nhieu ve each ngudi ta day cac cau thu tu duy khi nhan ldi mdi cua huan luyen vien Larry Smith cua trudng Dai hpc Nam California. Ong mdi toi phat bieu vdi dpi Trojans trudc khi hp tham gia mpt tran dau quan trpng. Trong thdi gian do, toi cung da den tham phong hpp chien thuat. Tren nhung tam bang den treo kin xung quanh tudng, huan luyen vien da ve len Mot nhd lanh dao phai do tat ca nhung tinh hudng ma dpi doc duoc tinh hudng vd bdng cua ho co the gap - theo phai biei chon chien nhung vi tri cu the tren san. Va de t h u d t ch° cu?c chai-xu ly tat ca mpi tinh hudng cd the xay ra, huan luyen vien ve ra mpt chien thuat choi rd rang de cd the chien thang, dua tren kinh nghiem lam viec nhieu nam va true giac cua hp ve tran dau: tap hpp nhung cau thu se choi, sap xep hp theo tung vj tri va khuynh hudng ma hp se phai thuc hien nhiem vu de chien thang. Ba tien ve cua dpi phai thupc long tat ca mpi chien thuat ay. Dem trudc tran dau, tdi da chung kien nhung huan luyen vien dua ra mdt tinh hudng cho ca dpi,
—121 —
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
roi sau do mot tinh huong khac voi ba cau thu tre, yeu cau hp chi ra chien thuat phu hpp nhat vdi tinh huong xay ra.
Sau khi hp hoan thanh bai thuc tap, tdi thay huan luyen vien hau ve nam tren chiec giudng nhd trong phong va tdi lien hdi: "Anh khdng ve nha de nghi sao?"
"Khdng", dng ndi, "Tdi ludn danh dem thu Sau tai day de dam bao rang tdi da chac chan nam dupe tran dau".
"The a, nhung anh da viet tat ca no tren quyen so cua anh cdn gi, va anh cd the cam no ra san dau ngay mai," tdi noi "Tai sao anh khdng su dung no?"
"Tdi khdng the dua hoan toan vao no," dng tra ldi. "No se khdng cd co hdi. Anh thay day, khoanh khac ma dau gd'i cua cau thu giu bdng quy xudng san, tdi phai biet ngay dpi minh se phai choi the nao sau dd. Khdng cd thdi gian de nghi quanh quan xem se quyet dinh ra sao." Dd la cdng viec ciia dng ta, dua linh cam ciia cac trp ly huan luyen vien thanh hanh ddng ngay lap hie.
CACH TIJ DUY CUA LANH DAO
Bang true giac, lanh dao cd the danh gia mpi dieu theo khuynh hudng lanh dao ciia hp. Cd mpt so ngudi ngay tir sinh ra da cd mpt true giac lanh dao sieu pham. Nhung nhieu ngudi khac thi phai thuc hanh, trau ddi lau dai mdi co nhiing nang luc ay. Song bang bat ke con dudng nao thi ket qua cudi ciing cung la ket hpp kha nang tu nhien va nhung ky nang hpc tap. Linh cam the hien kha nang lanh dao ciia
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NGUYEN TAC TRUC GIAC
moi nguoi. Hieu dOn gian la, ai do co kha nang nam duoc nhung nhan to vo hinh, hieu ve chiing va hanh dong nham hoan thanh muc tieu lanh dao.
True giac se giup nha lanh dao nhan biet duoc ca nhung yeu td'vd hinh trong cong tac lanh dao.
Lanh dao la dy bao tinh hudng
Trong mpi hoan canh, hp nam bat dupe tat ca nhung tinh huong ma ngudi khac khdng the. Vi du nhu khi tdi con la muc su chinh d Skyline, nha thd ciia tdi d San Diego, tdi thudng xuyen phai thuc hien nhung chuyen di dai ngay, khoang 10 - 14 ngay. Khi trd ve, toi thudng doan ngay dupe dieu gi dang dien ra d nha thd. Toi cam Khd ndng hdm sinh vd ky nhan dupe dieu do sau khoang mpt ndng dupe trau doi se tao gid hoac trong thdi gian ndi chuyen ra linh cdm thuc day khd vdi nhan vien Tdi theo doi va phat ndng lanh dao. hien nhung gi dang dien ra dii tdi hay vang mat. •
Lanh dao la nam bdt xu huong
Tat ca mpi thii xay ra xung quanh chiing ta cung gid'ng nhu nhung hoa tiet trong mpt biic tranh toan canh. Nhung nha lanh dao cd kha nang tii hien tai liii ve qua khii nhin thay khdng chi nhung noi hp va nhiing ngudi dupe hp dan dat trai qua, ma ca nhung noi hp se tdi trong tuong lai. Gid'ng nhu the hp cd kha nang ngiii thay miii ciia su thay ddi trong lan gid.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
L3nh dao la hieu r6 ngu6n luc cua ban than
Khac biet co ban giua nhung nguoi thanh dat va nhung nha lanh dao la each ho nhin thay nhung nguon luc. Nhung ca nhan thanh cong suy nghi ve nhung thii ma hp co the lam. Nhung nha lanh dao thanh cong, 6 mpt goc dp khac, nhin thay tat ca mpi tinh huong trong nhung kha nang ciia nguon luc: nhu tien bac, vat lieu, cong nghe va quan trpng hon ca la yeu to con nguoi. Hp khong bao gid quen rang con ngudi la vdn quy gia nhat ma hp cd.
L3nh dao la hieu mpi ngudi
Tong thong Lyndon Johnson co lan da ndi rang, khi ban buoc vao mdt can phong, neu ban khong the chi ra ai se la
ngudi ring hp ban, ai se la ke chong doi ban, thi ban khdng phai la con ngudi ciia chinh tri. Quan niem do ciing co the ap dung cho nghe thuat lanh dao. Nhung nha lanh dao co the cam nhan dupe dieu gi dang dien ra trong mpi ngudi va gan nhu nhan biet dupe nhung hy vpng, sp hai va ke ca nhung mdi quan tam ciia hp.
Nhd lanh dao muon thanh cong phai sir dung
toi da ta t cd nhung gi minh co, nhdm tao ra loi
ich cho to chdc cua minh.
Lanh dao la hle"u duoc chinh minh
Cuoi cung, nhung nha lanh dao cd kha nang hieu ro ban than - nhiing diem manh, ky nang, diem yeu va phat hien
NGUYEN TAC TRUC GIAC
ciia tri nao. Hp nhan ra sir that ma James Russell Lovell da co lan noi: "Khong ai co the lam duoc mpt viec Ion, neu ngudi ay khdng that su quan tam den ban than."
HAY NOI BAN LA AI, T O I SE N O I B A N N H I N THAY GI
Lam the nao ma Schwarzkopf cd the thay ddi dupe tinh the trong mpt loat nhiem vu khd khan, het lan nay qua lan khac? Cau tra ldi nam trong Nguyen tac True giac. Nhung si quan khac cung co nhung kien thiic ve quan nhan va nghe thuat chien tranh dupe trau ddi qua dao tao. Va tat ca deu dupe linh hpi chung nhung ngudn luc ve con ngudi cung nhu trang thiet bi, chinh vi vay, no khdng phai la cau tra ldi. Schwarzkopf ciing khdng can thiet Con nguoi cua ban se phai thdng minh hon dong su ciia quyet dfnh nhung gi ban minh. Nhung gi dng thuc hien nhin thay gi. thanh cdng la do dng cd true giac lanh dao manh me.
Con ngudi ciia ban se dinh vi nhung gi ban nhin thay. Neu nhu ban da timg xem bp phim TTze Great Outdoors (Bau troi rpng Idn), ban cd the nhd tdi mpt canh CP the minh hpa hoan hao cho y tudng nay. Trong bp phim, John Candy ddng vai Chet, cau thanh nien dang cd ky nghi ciing vdi gia dinh ben mpt cai hd nhd trong rung. That bat ngd, anh trai Roman (do Ban Aykroyd thii vai) va chi dau ciia cau den
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
tham. Roman la mot ngudi tham tram. Hai anh em ngoi tren hanh lang, phong tam mat ngam nhin mat ho phang lang, xa tit va nhung khu rung tho mdng, hp bat dau noi chuyen vdi nhau. Roman, ngudi tu danh gia ban than cd cai nhin "sac ben", chia se vdi Chet: "Anh se noi cho em nghe anh da nhin thay nhung gi nhe. Khi anh nhin khu vuc nay, anh thay tai nguyen d mien bac Minnesota, Wisconsin va Michigan chua dupe khai thac hieu qua. Anh biet rang cd mot su dau tu tai chinh hon mpt ty ruoi do-la cho viec khai thac hieu qua nhung khu rung nay. Anh nghi noi day cd the xay dung mpt nha may giay va nen co mpt chien lupc ve khai thac kim loai, mpt vanh dai xanh giua hd va he thd'ng quan ly rac... Va bay gid, anh hdi em, em da nhan thay dieu gi?"
"Em a!... TJ !... Em chi nhin thay toan la cay," Chet tra ldi.
"The a," Roman ndi, "Khdng mdt ai cd the ddi hdi em phai dua ra mdt tam nhin."
Chet chi nhin thay toan la cay bdi vi cau ay den dd de nghi ngoi, giai tri va chiem ngudng canh quan. Cdn Roman da nhin thay nhung co hdi vi anh la mpt thuong gia va tat ca khat vpng ciia anh la lam giau. Cach ban nhin nhan the gidi xung quanh se tuy thupc vao viec ban la ai.
BA CAP DO CUA TRUC GIAC LANH DAO
Gan nhu tat ca mpi ngudi deu cd kha nang phat trien mot cap dp cua true giac lanh dao, mac du khdng phai tat ca
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NGUYEN TAC TRUC GIAC
chiing ta deu khoi dau 6 ciing mot vi tri. Toi nhan thay tat ca mpi nguoi deu nam trong ba cap dp true giac co ban:
1. Do ty nhien
Co mot so ngudi sinh ra da cd nhung dac an ve kha nang lanh dao dac biet. Ho cd nang luc hieu dupe mpi ngudi va biet lam the nao de hp co the chuyen tir vi tri A tdi vi tri B. Tham chi ngay ca khi hp con la tre con hp da hanh dpng nhu la nhung nha lanh dao. Hay quan sat diia tre co kha nang lanh dao tren san choi va ban cd the nhan ra tat ca nhung diia tre khac dang di theo no. Nhung ngudi cd true giac lanh dao tu nhien cd the tao dung su nghiep treri co sd do va trd thanh lanh dao dang cap the gidi vdi mdt ban nang sieu viet. Kha nang tu nhien nay thudng quy dinh su khac nhau giiia ngudi dat diem 9 (nha lanh dao xuat sac) va ngudi dat diem 10 (nha lanh dao dang cap the gidi).
2. Do trau ddi
Khong phai tat ca mpi ngudi deu khdi su vdi nhung ban nang sieu viet, nhung vdi bat ke kha nang nao, mpi ngudi deu cd the hpc hdi, trau ddi va phat trien. Kha nang suy nghi nhu mdt nha lanh dao la linh cam ciia true giac. Tham chi cd nhung ngudi khdng cd kha nang lanh dao bam sinh, cung cd the trd thanh mdt lanh dao xuat sac. Nhung ngudi khdng trau ddi true giac ciia minh se bi coi la mil quang trong cdng tac lanh dao.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
3. C6 true giac nhung khdng trau ddi
Toi tin rang gan nhu tat ca mpi nguoi deu co kha nang phat trien ky nang lanh dao va true giac. Nhung van co nhung nguoi dudng nhu khong co mpt chut "mau lanh dao" nao chay trong co the, va anh ta cung khong he muon trau doi nhung ky nang can thiet de lanh dao. Nhung nguoi nhu vay se chang bao gid lam dupe dieu gi ngoai viec nam dudi su lanh dao cua ngudi khac.
SU" DUNG NGUYEN TAC TRUC GIAC DE G I A I QUYET V A N DE
Bat ke khi nao, nhung nha lanh dao gap phai nhung van de rac rdi, hp tu dpng danh gia, rdi xii ly thdng qua Nguyen tac True giac. Hp danh gia tat ca mpi thii bang khuynh hudng lanh dao. Vi du, hang may tinh Apple dupe thanh lap nam 1976, do Steve Jobs va Steve Wozniak sang lap. Chi bd'n nam sau, hp da trd nen ndi tieng, bat dau niem yet tren san chiing khoan vdi 4,6 trieu cd phieu, gia 22 do-la mpt cd phie'u. Lap nic tren 40 nhan vien va cac nha dau tu ciia cong ty trd thanh trieu phii trong nhay mat.
Nhiing cau chuyen ciia Apple khong phai liic nao cung xuoi cheo
Bdt ke khi nao, nhiing nhd lanh dao
gap phai nhiing van de rac roi, ho tit dong danh gid, roi xii ly thong qua Nguyen tac True giac.
Ho danh gid tat cd moi thii hang khuynh huong
lanh dao.
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NGUYEN TAC TRUC GIAC
mat mai. Ngay tii nhiing nam dau thanh cong, gia tri chiing khoan va kha nang tim kiem khach hang ciia Apple da vo ciing bap benh. Jobs bi bat ra khoi Apple nam 1985, sau mpt cupc chien nay lira vdi CEO John Sculley, nguyen la giam doc cua Cdng ty Pepsi, do chinh Jobs tuyen dung nam 1983. Sau John Sculley la Michael Spindler nam 1993, Gilbert Amelio nam 1996. Khdng ai trong so' ho cd the tai xay dung Apple trd lai thanh cong trudc dd. Trong nhiing ngay vinh quang ciia minh, Apple da timg chiem linh 14,6% thi phan may tinh ca nhan toan nude My. Trong nam 1997, doanh so da giam xuong con 3,5%. Dd cung la liic Apple mpt lan nua tim kiem sir giiip do ciia Steve Jobs - ngudi 101 ° n X t h f c a i m?n t i n h
lanh dao sang lap ra cdng ty. Cdng h i n h n g u kh6nS thaV d 6 i
. » -. x j - i . - bo may lanh dao. ty dang sa sut nay tin rang, ong co * the cuu van dupe tinh hinh . — •—
T A I SANG LAP APPLE
True giac ciia Jobs xem xet hoan canh va ngay lap hie dng dua ra hanh ddng. Ong biet rang se khdng the cai thien tinh hinh neu khdng thay ddi bp may lanh dao, va dng nhanh chong sa thai hau het dpi ngii lanh dao, chi giii lai hai thanh vien cu, ddng thdi thay the bang ddi ngu lanh dao mdi. Cong tac dieu hanh cung da trai qua sir thay ddi tich cue dudi su sap xep ciia dng.
Khi nhung nha lanh dao mdi nam giu vi tri, dng nhin vao muc tieu ciia cdng ty. Jobs mudn trd lai nen tang ban dau khi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Apple dat dupe thanh cong tot dinh: che tao nhung san pham don le mang rinh sang tao dpc dao, co the tao ra su khac biet. Jobs noi: "Chiing ta da xem xet quy trinh ciia mot san pham moi va cat giam hon 70% bao gdm so de an, chi giu lai 30% nhung de an tinh tuy. Them vao do, chiing ta se dua ra nhung san pham moi de no tro thanh he bien hoa hoan chinh ve may rinh." Ong ciing nhan thay nhung van de d phong marketing ciia cong ty, cho nen ong da ngimg sii dung bo phan quang cao, dong thoi to chiic mpt cupc thi dua giiia ba cong ty thanh vien.
Khong co mpt hanh dpng nao la mdi me. Nhung Jobs da thuc hien mpt so' cong viec that su cho thay Nguyen tac True giac trong hanh dpng. Ong da co mpt quyet dinh di ngupc lai each tu duy ciia nhiing lanh dao Apple truoc day. Do la mpt buoc ngoat dang kinh ngac ciia true giac lanh dao. Jobs da thiet lap mpt lien minh chien lupc voi Bill Gates - von bi nhan vien Apple coi la dd'i thii khong doi troi chung. Jobs da giai thich: "Toi da gpi cho Bill va noi rang, Microsoft va Apple nen lam viec vdi nhau gan gui hon, chiing ta co nhung van de chung can giai quyet, dd la nhung van de ve so huu chat xam. Hay ciing chiing tdi xii ly."
Cam ket hpp tac duoc nhanh chdng thuong lupng, trong do Apple dupe bao ve trong nhung tranh chap voi Microsoft. Gates da hiia se chi tra cho Apple va dau tu 150 trieu do-la vao co phie'u ciia cong ty. Viec nay da don dudng cho moi quan he ddi tac tuong lai va mang lai cho cdng ty ngudn vdn cue ky quan trpng. Dd la dieu ma chi cac nha lanh dao cd true giac mdi lam dupe. Khdng cd gi ngac nhien
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NGUYEN TAC TRUC GIAC
khi Jobs thong bao ve lien minh moi trong mpt cupc hpp cua Apple, da phan mpi nguoi phan doi du doi. Nhung tai Wall Street, gia co phie'u Apple dot nhien tang vpt 33%, len toi 2.631 do-la.
Cung ky nam truoc, cong ty da bi thua 16 hon 1 ty do-la Tuy nhien theo bao cao tai chinh quy I nam 1998, Apple da dat dupe lpi nhuan kinh doanh 47 trieu do-la. Ve chien lupc lau dai, chiing ta kho co the xac dinh khi nao Apple co the tro lai thoi hoang kim. Song it nhat hien tai, cong ty da co nhiing co hpi dang gia.
That su, lanh dao that su con nghe thuat hon ca khoa hpc. Nhung nguyen ly lanh dao tuy ben vung nhung khi ap dung lai tiiy thupc vao moi nha lanh dao va Lanh dao mang tinh nghe timg tinh huong. Chinh vi vay, doi thuat hon la khoa hoc. hoi nguoi lanh dao phai co true giac. Neu khong, ban se tro nen mil quang - dieu toi te nhat co the xay ra doi voi mpt nha lanh dap. Neu ban muon cam quan lau dai, ban phai tuan thii Nguyen tac True giac.
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9
N G U Y E N T A C H A P D A N
Ban thu hiit nguoi tuong dong voi minh
N hung nha lanh dao hieu qua luon tim nguoi gioi. Toi
nghi moi chung ta deu co san mpt danh sach trong dau ve nhung tieu chuan ciia nhung nguoi minh muon co trong to chiic ciia minh. Hay suy nghi ve no. Ban co biet ai se la nguoi minh dang tim kiem liic nay khong? Mpt nhan vien hoan hao ciia ban se nhu the nao? Nhung nguoi nay can co nhung diic rinh gi? Ban co muon hp la nhung ke hay gay su va la nhung ke hay ganh ti? Hay ban dang di tim kiem nhung nha lanh dao? Ban co ban tam toi van de tuoi tac khi hp dang d dp tudi 20, 40, hay hp da 6 dp tuoi 60? Hay dung lai 6 day va ban hay danh mpt chut thoi gian liet ke
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
nhiing pham chat ma ban nhan thay 6 nhiing nguoi trong tap the ciia ban. Hay viet ra truoc khi ban hep tuc dpc.
N H A N SU" TRONG CONG TY TOI CO N H U N G PHAM CHAT SAU
Va bay gid, dieu gi se quyet dinh dii nhung ngudi ban mudn co chinh la nhiing ngudi ban dang cd, dii hp cd dii nhung pham chat ban mong dpi hay khdng? Ban se ngac nhien vdi cau tra ldi. Cho dii ban cd tin hay khong, nhung ngudi ban tuyen khong do nhiing gi ban mudn quyet djnh. Yeu to ddng vai trd quyet djnh d — day la viec ban la ai. Trd lai danh sach ma ban da lap ra va ben canh H ? t u d n t h e o b a n khhlS la mdi pham chat dac biet ma ban phdivi ban muon, mdvi da tim ra, hay kiem tra xem ban cd nhung diic tinh ay hay khdng. Vi — = ^ —
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NGUYEN TAC HAP DAN
du, neu ban da viet rang ban muon "nhung nha lanh dao kiet xuat", va ban la mot nha lanh dao xuat sac, thi do la mot su tuong duong. Hay danh dau (•/). Nhung neu nang luc lanh dao ciia ban khong cao hon miic do trung binh, hay danh dau (*) va sau do viet "chi miic do lanh dao trung binh". Neu ban da viet rang ban mudn "nhiing ngudi co dau 6c kinh doanh" va ban ciing cd pham chat ay, hay danh dau ( f ) len no. Ngupc lai, neu ho la nhung ngudi co nhiing pham chat khong tuong dong voi pham chat ciia ban, hay hep tuc danh dau (*) va cii the. Bay gid, ban hay xem lai toan bp danh sach.
Neu ban nhin thay tat ca deu danh dau (*) thi ban se gap van de, vi tat ca nhiing ngudi ban mieu ta khdng phai la nhung ngudi muon tuan theo su lanh dao ciia ban. Trong hau het mpi hoan canh, ban luon ldi keo nhung ngudi co nhung dac tinh tuong dong vdi ban. Do la Nguyen tac Hap dan.
TLf NHAC SI TOI LANH DAO
Toi nhd khi tdi con nhd, me tdi thudng noi vdi toi rang nhiing con chim co bp long giong nhau thudng tu tap vdi nhau. Toi da nghi rang do la mpt cham ngon. Khi toi danh thdi gian choi bong vdi anh trai Larry, mpt van dpng vien dien kinh gioi, tdi cung co gang hoc theo each ciia anh. Khi toi Idn khdn, tdi nghi minh da nhan thiic rd rang rang nhiing hpc sinh gidi thudng danh thdi gian choi vdi nhung hpc sinh gioi nhu vay, mpi ngudi chi muon choi vdi nhiing ngudi cd ciing kha nang, tat ca deu nhu vay. Nhung tdi khdng nghi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
rang toi da that su hieu duoc tac dpng ciia Nguyen tac Hap dan cho toi khi toi ddi tdi San Diego, California va trd thanh lanh dao tai nha thd nay. Day cung la giao doan cuoi ciing tdi phuc vu.
Vi tien nhiem o giao doan Skyline la Tien si Orval Butcher. Ong la mot ngudi tuyet vdi vdi rat nhieu pham chat. Mdt trong nhung nang luc tuyet vdi nhat ciia ong la nang khie'u am nhac. Ong choi piano va co chat giong nam cao Irish rat hay dii da ngoai 80. Trudc khi toi tdi vao nam 1981, Skyline da rat ndi tieng ve am nhac. No duoc ca nuoc biet den nhu mot noi da san sinh ra nhung tai nang am nhac kiet xuat. Qua thuc, giao doan tran ngap nhung tai nang am nhac, ca nhac si lan ca si. Va trong 27 nam Tien si Butcher lanh dao giao doan, dng chi can co hai vi trudng am ho trp trong cong viec. Mpt ky luc khd tin (trong 14 nam phuc vu a do, toi da can su ho tro ciia nam vi trudng am).
Tai sao d Skyline lai cd nhung nhac si xuat sac nhu vay? Cau tra ldi nam trong Nguyen tac Hap dan. Nhieu ngudi co nang khie'u am nhac da theo siic hap dan tir Tien si Butcher. Hp kinh trpng va hieu dng. Hp cd ciing so trudng vdi ong. Ngupc lai, dii yeu thich am nhac nhung tdi khong phai la mpt nhac si. Khi toi tra ldi phong van tuyen dung ciia Skyline, mpt trong nhung cau hdi hp hdi toi la toi cd the hat khdng? Ho cam thay that vpng khi tdi tra ldi rang toi khong biet hat.
Sau khi tdi trd thanh lanh dao ciia nha thd nay, so lupng nhac si mdi suy giam nhanh chdng. Thuc ra chiing toi van con rat nhieu tai nang am nhac vi Tien si Butcher da de lai
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NGUYEN TAC HAP DAN
anh huong va mot di san tuyet voi cho noi nay. Nhung ban co biet ai da lam viec thay luc luong do? Nhung nha lanh dao. Tinh cho toi khi toi roi Skyline, giao doan khong chi dao tao ra hang tram lanh dao xuat sac cho minh, ma con dao tao nen hang tram lanh dao ca nam va nu cho nhung to chuc ngoai giao doan. Nguyen nhan cung nam 6 Nguyen tac Hap dan. To chuc cua chung toi trd thanh nam cham thu hut nhung ngudi cd nang luc lanh dao.
NGLTdl GIONG B A N SE T I M DEN V O I B A N
Duong nhien, ngudi lanh dao cd the tim kiem, tuyen dung nhung ngudi khdng cd gi tuong dong vdi minh. Nhung nha lanh dao gidi biet rang bi quyet thanh cong cua mdt ngudi la biet diing nhan vien lam duoc nhung viec minh khdng thanh thao, de bd sung vao hoat dong chung ciia td chiic. Cach dd giiip ho tap trung va thuc hien chiic nang theo dung kha nang va lap trudng ciia minh, trong khi nhung ngudi khac thi thuc hien giiip anh Lanh dao co the tim ta phan viec nam ngoai kha nang kiem, tuyen dung nhiing ciia anh ta. Nhung do la dieu cot ngubi khong tucmg dong yeu de nhan ra ring, nhiing ngudi v 6 i m i n h - m m * d 6 s g
khac biet khdng hr nhien bi loi cuon khdnSPhdi l d nhibt«, ,, , T - i * i • , ,. ngubi md anh ta thu hut theo ban. Lanh dao chi cuon hut 4
mpt each tu nhien. ducrc nhung nguoi co nhieu tuong ddng vdi minh. — —
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21 NGUYEN TAc VANG
NFL Dalls Cowboys la mot vi du. Trong nhung nam 1960-1970, hinh anh cua Cowboys vo cung sach se. Tex Schramm la chii tich va la tong quan ly ciia dpi, Tom Landry la huan luyen vien. Nhung van dong vien cung giong nhu Roger Staubach deu duoc menh danh la "Thuyen truong Comeback", mot nguoi dan ong ciia gia dinh, co nhung diic tinh cao dep giong nhu gia dinh Tom Landry. Trong khoang thoi gian ay, Cowboys duoc menh danh la "Dpi hinh ciia nude My". Hp la mpt trong nhung dpi noi tieng nhat trong gioi the thao ciia nude My. Va hp da dupe kinh trpng khong chi vi nhung tai nang va ky thuat ca nhan ma con vi tinh than doan ket va tinh than ddng dpi. Va hp khong chi tao nen mpt truyen thong chien thang d Dallas, ma hp con tiep tuc thu hut them nhieu nha vo dich.
Nhung khoang muoi nam trd lai day, dpi Cowboys d Dallas da hoan toan khac biet. Hp da thay ddi va tham chi hinh anh cua ho ciing da bi thay ddi. Thay vi lam viec cung nhau, thinh thoang ho xuat hien ma khong con mang tinh chat gan ket, trong cudc choi, hp vi lpi ich ca nhan nhieu hon (that khong may, vi nude My cung ddi thay, va hp van dupe gpi la "Dpi hinh ciia nude My"). Vai cau thii nhu trudng hpp ciia Michael Irvim, cung da vi pham va coi thudng nguyen tac. Tham chi ca dng huan luyen vien Barry Switzer cung da vai lan "ddng gdp" mpt so rac rdi, nhu viec mang siing qua cdng an toan san bay. Tai sao cue dien ciia dpi thay ddi nghiem trpng nhu vay? Dd la vi Nguyen tac Hap dan. Nam 1989, dng bau cua Cowboys thay dng chii mdi, Jerry Jones, mdt ngudi theo chii nghia ca nhan va vd ky luat. Ong ta
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NGUYEN TAC HAP DAN
chang ngan ngai di "danh qua le", nhu viec tu ky ket hap dong dan le vai nhung hang nhu cong ty giai khat va cong ty san xuat giay, mac dii tren thuc te tat ca cac dpi NFL da co ky ket ghi nhan dpc quyen voi nhung hang san xuat khac.
Dieu dang ngac nhien la van dpng vien dpi Cowboys lai khong he co mpt chut tu hao ve danh tieng ho da tung co, tham chi ve danh hieu mai day nhat la Sieu Cup Boul. AI McGuire, ciru huan luyen vien trudng dpi bong ro trudng Dai hpc Marquette da tung noi: "Mdt ddi nen la hinh anh khuye'ch dai cua huan luyen vien. Nhung doi ciia toi thi that la ngao man va dang chan." Toi noi rang hp khong nhat thiet phai khuye'ch dai hinh anh ciia tat ca mpi thii, nhung it nhat la hinh anh ciia huan luyen vien. May man thay, Dallas vira mdi co mpt khuon mat huan luyen vien mdi - Chan Gailey. Ong ay la mdt ngudi lanh dao td't vdi tinh each manh me va lam viec hieu qua. Neu co dii thdi gian va quyen luc, ong ay cd the loi cudn du nhung ngudi co pham chat nhu minh trd lai vdi Cowboys. Va rdi Nguyen tac Hap dan lai cd the anh hudng d Dallas, nhung do khdng phai la chuyen ngay mdt ngay hai.
HO HANH QUAN NOI NAO?
Co the ban da bat dau suy nghi ve nhiing ngudi ma ban thu hut trong td chiic. Ban co the noi vdi ban than: "Hay chd toi giay lat. Toi se ghi ra cho anh 20 diem ma mpi ngudi khac tdi." Va tdi cung cd the dap lai: "Tat nhien rdi, anh cd the." Nhung nhung ngudi bi ldi cudn lai gain ban thudng cd nhieu
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
tuong dong hon la khac biet voi ban, dac biet trong mot so linh vuc quan trong. Hay de y tinh each ciia nhung nguoi theo ban. Ban co the tim thay rang ban va nhung nguoi do se chia se nhieu tuong dong trong vai phuong dien chu yeu duoi day:
Thai dO
Rat hiem khi toi thay ngudi co thai dp tich cue lai ket ban vdi ngudi cd thai dd tieu cue. Ngudi dang nhin ban than vdi day ap nhung co hpi va cung cd day nhung thu thach ma hp dang muon thu siic se khdng bao gid mudn nghe ngudi chuyen ban lui, ludn nghi tdi nhung khd khan va van de bi quan. Tdi nhan ra dieu do that gid'ng vdi tdi. Tdi khdng tim ra mpt ngudi tieu cue nao trong td chuc ciia minh. Va neu ban dupe ndi chuyen vdi bdn lanh dao cdng ty va tat ca nhung quan ly cao cap, ban se thay tat ca hp deu la nhung ngudi dac biet tich cue.
The" h$
Mpi ngudi cd khuynh hudng thu hut nhung ngudi co cung dp tudi. Nhung lanh dao cao cap ciia tdi la mdt vi du.
Ba trong so bdn lanh dao ciia cdng ty chi chenh lech mdt hoac hai tudi
Neu ban nghi nhan vien so voi tdi. Va cung tuong tu nhu tieu cue, ban nen xem xet vay d nhung bp phan khac trong
ky thdi do ciia minh. cdng ty tdi, nhu trong so nhung trudng phong d INJOY. Vi du nhu Kevin Small, Trudng ban Thi
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NGUYEN TAC HAP DAN
truong, la mot nguoi sac sao, mot chang trai manh me moi 6 tuoi 20. Ban thu doan xem nhung nguoi nao bi cau ay thu hut. Hau het trong so hp deu la nhung nguoi sac sao, manh me va deu dang dp tuoi 20. Hay noi ban la ai, va do chinh la nhung nguoi ban se thu hut.
Than ph$n
Trong chuong Nguyen tac Tien trinh toi da viet ve Theodore Roosevelt. Mpt trong nhung thanh cong cua ong la su diing cam trong cupc chien vdi Tay Ban Nha. Roosevelt da tu tuyen mp binh doan ky binh tinh nguyen, dupe menh danh la Doan Dan quan dac sac. Tat ca hp dupe tap hpp tir hai giai cap: giai cap quy tpc giau sang den tir Dong Bac va nhung cao boi den tir Mien Tay hoang da. Tai sao lai co chuyen nhu vay? Bdi vi Theodore Roosevelt von sinh ra tir mpt gia dinh quy tpc New Yprk va dupe dao tao d trudng Dai hpc Harvard, song dng cung da timg trai qua cupc song ciia nhung chang cao bdi mien vien Tay, tham gia nhung trd choi san ban 6 Dakotas. Ong la mpt ngudi manh me, mpt nha lanh dao vi dai d ca hai the gidi dd; va ket qua, dng da ldi cuon tat ca mpi ngudi d ca hai the gidi.
Gia tr|
Mpi ngudi bi cudn hut theo nhung nha lanh dao cd nhung gia tri tuong dong vdi nhung gia tri ciia hp. Dieu nay the hien trong trudng hpp ciia nhung ngudi da lam viec ciing Tong thdng John F. Kennedy sau khi dng triing cir nam
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
1960. Ong la mpt nguoi co ly tuong, muon thay doi the gioi va da loi cuon nhung nguoi co cung chung khat vpng voi ong. Khi ong thanh lap Hiep hpi Hoa binh, ong da keu gpi mpi nguoi phuc vu hiep hpi, ong noi: "Dung hoi To quo'c da lam gi cho ta; ma hay hoi ta da lam dupe gi cho to quo'c horn nay". Hang nghin thanh nien My, nhung nguoi co ly tudng da di theo tieng gpi ciia ong.
Bat ke nhung nhan to anh hudng la tich cue hay tieu cue thi ca hai su anh hudng do deu manh me nhu nhau. Hay xem xet mpt trudng hpp nao do nhu Adolf Hitler. Ong ta la mpt nha lanh dao manh me (ban co the danh gia ong ta qua cap dd anh hudng). Nhung nhung "anh hudng" ciia ong da bi muc rua, thdi nat. Vay ong ta thu hut dupe nhung nguoi nhu the nao? Nhung thii linh co cung tinh each: Hermann Goeing, ke sang lap Gestapo; Joseph Goebbels, mpt ke bai Do Thai khet tieng, phu trach cd may tuyen truyen cho Hitler; Reinhard Heydrich, nhan vat thii hai trong Cue Tinh bao Diic Quoc xa, ke da ra lenh cho cac cupc hanh hinh tham khde nhung ngudi chdng ddi d Diic Qudc xa; va Heinrich Himmler, chi huy ciia SS va la giam dd'c Gestapo, ke da thi hanh chinh sach huy diet theo he thd'ng ngudi Do Thai. Tat ca hp deu la nhung ke cam dau tao bao, va tat ca deu la nhung con quy du. Nguyen tac Hap dan that manh me. Khi ban mang trong minh bat ky tinh each nao, ban se cd xu hudng tim kiem, lanh dao nhung ngudi co ciing tinh each dd.
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NGUYEN TAC HAP DAN
Kinh nghlgm cu$c s6ng
Kinh nghiem cuoc song la mot siic manh khac co the tao nen su loi cuon moi nguoi. Vi du nhu khi toi co cuoc noi chuyen truoc moi ngudi, toi thudng danh khoang 30 giay noi cho hp nghe ve phong each noi chuyen cua minh. Neu hp ciing thudng dupe nghe nhiing phong each ay thi hp se cam thay thich thii, cham chii lang nghe va ngupc lai. Hp la nhung thinh gia nhiet tinh va hao hung. Ban co the nhin thay phan ling ay tren khuon mat ciia hp. Hy vpng ciia hp that Idn, ngon ngu hanh ddng cua hp that tich cue va khi ban buoc vao dien thuyet, hp da chuan bi san sang nhung cudn sd va cay biit de co the ghi chep bat ke khi nao. Nhung neu hp khdng hao hung, hp se bo ngoai tai nhung gi ban dang phat bieu.
Kha ndng lanh dao
Cudi ciing, nhung ngudi ma ban loi cudn se co kha nang lanh dao tuong ddng vdi kha nang ciia ban. Nhu toi da ndi trong cudc thao luan d Nguyen tac Tdn trpng, mpi ngudi cd khuynh hucrng tu nhien di theo nhung nha lanh dao gidi giang hon hp. Nhung ban cung phai de cap den Nguyen tac Hap dan, de xac dinh ban cd the thu hut dupe nhung ngudi nhu the nao, chinh la ngudi tuong ddng vdi ban. Dieu dd cd nghia la neu ban d cap dp 7 ve lanh dao thi su thu hut doi vdi nhung ngudi d cap dp 5 va 6 nhieu hon so vdi ngudi d cap dp 2, 3. Nhung nha lanh dao ban thu hut se tuong ddng vdi kha nang va phong each cua ban.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
LICH SU" THAY DOI HUTJNG DI
Mot sovi du tieu bieu cho Nguyen tac Hap dan co the thay duoc 6 nhung vj chi huy quan dpi trong cuoc noi chien. Khi nhung bang 6 mien Nam doi ly khai, co rat nhieu y kien xung
quanh van de cac tuong linh se di " theo ben nao. Tuong Robert E. Lee
Neu ban thiy sue thu hut d u ° c c o i l a m 6 t v i tudng tai ba nhat cua nhung ngubi khac n u ° c M f ' v a d l ' c h T6'ng thong
manh hem minh, thi ban Lincoln da tro thanh chi huy luc cdn xem lai ban thdn. hiong Lien quan. Nhung tuong Lee
lai khong bao gid co y tuong quay tro lai tan cong chinh que huong ong la Virginia, nen ong da tu choi
tham gia Lien quan - tat ca nhung tuong xuat sac khac cung lan luat theo ong.
Neu Lee lua chon di theo Lien quan thi chac chan ciing se co rat nhieu tuong linh dau quan cho Lien quan di ve phuong bac. Va, cupc chien co the se ket thiic som hon, co the se khong co qua nhieu ton that Ion lao sau nam nam giet choc, va hang tram nghin sinh mang co the dupe bap toan. No chi the hien cho ban thay rang kha nang lanh dao cua ban cang cao thi nhung nguoi lanh dao ban thu hut cang gioi. Va no co su tac dpng sau sac trpng tat ca mpi linh vuc.
Nhung nguoi ma ban da thu hut cho to chiic hoac phong ban ciia ban mong chd d ban dieu gi? Phai chang hp la nhung lanh dao manh me, cd nang luc ma ban mong dpi? Hay hp co the tot hon? Hay nhd rang, kha nang ciia hp tuyet
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NGUYEN TAC HAP DAN
nhien khong tuy thupc vao qua trinh lua tuyen, hay phong nhan su, hay m> n - n g m h ^ ^ nhung ho so ly lich. Tat ca deu tuy b a n c a n g c a o m n h u n g
thuoc 6 chinh ban. Nguoi ban thu n g v e i m„h a„0 b a n t h u
hiit duoc chinh la ban. Do la hut cdng gioi. Nguyen tac Hap dan.
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1 0
N G U Y E N T A C K E T N O I
Nha lanh dao phai thu phuc ldng nguoi truoc khi bat tay vao cdng viec
T di thich giao thiep. No la mpt trong nhung so thich va
niem dam me ciia toi. Mac du da danh hon 30 nam cho cong viec dien thuyet, toi van luon tim kiem nhung phuong thiic moi de nang cao va cai thien linh vuc nay. Do chinh la ly do toi co ging gap go nhung ngudi cd siic manh va kha nang hang dau trong giao tiep mdi khi cd co hpi. Vi nhu khi toi tdi San Jose, California de du mpt cupc quyen gpp do Phong Thuong mai sd tai thuc hien. Nhung nguoi phat bieu horn dd deu la nhung bac anh tai, nhung "ngdi sao" dien thuyet: Mark Russell, ngudi cd nang khie'u pha trd day hieu
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
qua; Mario Cuomo co the truyen siic song vao tat ca moi de tai ong noi; Marcolm Forbess, mot nguoi tai nang luon co nhung y tuong de tat ca cac de tai ong noi tro nen moi me; va Colin Powell, mot nguoi luon tu tin rang ong co the dua den cho tat ca moi ngudi su binh an va niem hy vong. Tat ca ho deu la nhung ngudi rat manh me va cd kha nang phat trien mdi quan he sau sac vdi moi nguoi. Ho that su that tuyet vdi, nhung khong ai trong so' hp la ngudi toi thich. Ngudi toi that su ngudng md chinh la Elizabeth Dole.
LA BAN THAN CUA KHAN GIA
Khdng co gi ngac nhien neu ban cung tung nghe ve Elizabeth Dole. Ba la mdt luat su kinh te, la thanh vien trong chinh quyen Tong thong Reagan va Tong thdng Bush, hien tai ba la Chii tich Hoi chu Thap dd Hoa Ky. Ba dudng nhu cd ma luc trong giao tiep. Tang pham ciia ba ngay horn do d San Jose la mang lai cho tdi va toan bp khan gia cam giac, ba ay that su la mdt ngudi ban. Ba da tao cho toi cam giac dupe chao don d dd. Diem mau cho't la ba hieu sau sac each ket noi vdi mpi ngudi.
Nam 1996, ba da chiing to cho ca nude My biet kha nang cua ba khi dien thuyet tai Hpi nghi Qudc gia Dang Cong hda. Khi Elizabeth Dole buoc ra khdi khan dai dem ay, hQ deu cam thay ba ay la mpt ngudi ban than ciia hp. Mac dii toi chi xem chuang trinh dd qua ti vi d phong khach nha toi, nhung ciing co cam giac gan giii nhu vay. Khi ba ay ket thiic
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NGUYEN TAC KET NOI
bai phat bieu ciia minh, toi cam thay muon di theo ba ay khap mpi noi.
BOB KHONG BAO GIO LAM DlJQC DIEU AY
Bob, chong ciia Elizabeth, cung phat bieu truoc hoi nghi horn do, vi ong la nguoi duoc Dang Cong hoa de cii tham gia chien djch bau cii Tong thong. Bat ke mpt ai xem chuong trinh do deu nhan thay mpt su khac biet rat ro rang giiia kha nang ket noi ciia hai nguoi phat bieu. Voi Elizabeth thi nong am va cod md, con Bob thi nghiem nghi va xa each. Trong sudt chien dich, dng ta hau nhu khdng xay dung dupe kenh ket noi vdi mpi ngudi.
Cd rat nhieu van de xay ra trong cudc bau cii td'ng thong My, nhung khdng it nhung van de trong so dd la kha nang giao luu, ket ndi vdi mpi ngudi ciia cac ling cii vien. Da co qua nhieu giay muc viet ve cupc tranh luan giiia Kennedy -Nixpn trong cudc bau cii nam 1960. Mot trong nhung nguyen nhan dua Kennedy chien thang la dng cd kha nang tao cho khan gia truyen hinh cam giac gan giii vdi dng. Dd cung la phuong thiic da dupe Rpnald Reagan ap dung khi phat bieu trudc nhiing khan gia cua dng. Trong cupc bau cii tong thd'ng nam 1992, Bill Clinton da lam viec that tich cue de phat trien kha nang ket nd'i vdi nhan dan My - de lam viec dd dng tham chi con xuat hien ca tren chuong trinh truyen hinh Arsenio va choi ca saxophone.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Toi tin rang Bob Dole la mot nguoi tai. Nhung toi ciing biet rang ong ay khong bao gid ket ndi duoc vdi moi nguoi. Sau khi chien dich bau cir tong thong ket thiic, dng da xuat hien trong chuang trinh truyen hinh true tiep Toi thu bay, mot chuong trinh ndi ve nhung chuyen hai xay ra trong sudt chien dich, nhung ngu y rang dng ay khdng phai la mpt ngudi hai hudc va da khdng dat dupe mdt su anh hudng nao. Trong budi truyen hinh, Dole da budc ra vdi tu the that thoai mai, de gan va cd the thuc hien vai hanh ddng hai hudc. Song dng ay da gay phan cam cho khan gia. Tdi khdng the tudng tupng dupe dieu gi se xay ra, neu chuang trinh do dien ra vao dau chien dich.
TAC DONG DEN T I N H C A M TRUTJC LY TRI
Nhung nha lanh dao hieu qua deu biet rang phai thu phuc long ngudi trudc khi bat tay vao cdng viec. Dd la Nguyen tac Ket ndi. Tat ca nhung nha dien thuyet vi dai deu nhan ra su that nay va hien thuc hda nguyen tac nay thuan
thuc gan nhu ban nang. Ban khdng the thiic ep ai dd lam viec gi, tru khi
Ban khong the thuc ep ai ban tac ddng vao tam ly ciia ho do lam viec gi, tru khi trudc. Tinh cam ludn di trudc ly tri.
ban tdc dong vdo tdm ly ho trudc. Tinh cam luon
di trudc ly tri.
Frederic Douglass la mdt nha hiing bien v! dai va la lanh dao My gd'c Phi the ky XIX. Nhieu ngudi da timg nghe dng hiing bien ke rang
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NGUYEN TAC KET NOI
ong co kha nang lien ket sieu viet vdi mpi ngudi, va hudng trai tim cua hp tap trung vao dng khi ong ndi. Nha su hpc Lerone Benett da ke ve Douglass: "Ong ay cd the lam cho mpi ngudi cudi d noi ma nhung ten chu no giang giai ve due vang phuc Kitd giao; ong co the lam cho hp nhan ra nhan quyen cua mdt thieu nu da den no le dang bi mot chu no le tan ac ham hiep; dng co the lam cho hp nghe dupe tieng khde thon thiic ciia mpt ngudi me khi phai xa roi diia con. Qua each truyen dat ciia ong, mpi ngudi cd the khoc, nguyen rua, co the cam nhan, tham chi mpi ngudi cd the cam nhu minh dang song trong kiep no le that su."
M O I Q U A N HE CONG VA T U
Quan he vdi mpi ngudi khong chi can thiet khi mot nha lanh dao dang thuc hien cdng viec truyen dat cho mdt nhdm ngudi, ma con can thiet cho tung ca nhan. Ket ndi va quan he giua cac ca nhan cang chat che, thi mpi ngudi cang mudn hd trp cho nha lanh dao ma ho phuc tung. Dd la mdt trong nhung nguyen ly quan trpng nhat — ma tdi da hudng dan cho nhung nhan vien ciia minh nhieu nam qua. K f t n £ i v" 1uan h< Khi nhan vien ciia tdi 6 Skyline rau Vs* c d c c d n M n cdn8
, , , . - • .1 - ' • / / » * • chat che, thi moi nguoi n, phan nan, toi thuong noi: Mpi , •
,. , , „ „ , , .„, cdng mudn ho trp cho nguoi khong quan tam ban biet ,
nha lanh dao md hp nhung ei cho den khi ho nhan ra
phuc tung. ban quan tam den dieu dd nhu the nao," hp deu biet rang dieu dd hoan = ^ = = - 1 5 1 -
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
toan dung. Ban nang cao uy tm truoc moi nguoi khi ban co duoc nhung moi quan he voi hp va the hien ban that long muon giiip hp.
Nhung nha lanh dao kiet xuat cd kha nang ket than tren ca hai cap dp: vdi nhieu ca nhan va vdi mpt ca nhan. Mpt vi du tieu bieu ve van de nay la Ronald Reagan. Kha nang phat trien moi quan he vdi ngudi nghe ciia dng da dupe khang dinh qua biet danh ma hp da danh tang cho dng: "Nguoi truyen dat vi dai". Nhung khdng chi cd vay, dng con co kha nang thu phuc duoc trai tim cua moi ngudi va keo hp lai gan minh. Deggy Noonan, nguyen la ngudi soan dien van cho Tong thong Reagan da noi: "Tong thong thudng trd lai Nha Trang sau mpt cupc hanh trinh dai va khi nghe thay tieng true thang ciia dng ha canh, nhiing nhan vien deu tam dimg cdng viec va Donna Elliott thudng hd len: 'Bd ve!'" Do la dan chiing rd net nhat cho tam anh hudng ciia dng doi vdi moi ngudi xung quanh.
Ban khong can thiet phai cd siic hap dan nhu Ronald Reagan de ket than vdi mpi ngudi. Mpt liic nap do, ban se kham pha ra kha nang ket ndi cua ban than khi ban co y mudn tim kiem no. Mdi day, tdi cd dpc ve le tang cua Sonny Bono. Mac dii dng ay da thanh cdng tren chinh trudng qudc te, da rung lam viec cho Palm Springs va la thanh vien ciia Qudc hpi My, song hau het mpi ngudi nhd den Bono qua nhung chuong trinh ndi ve kinh doanh. Ong khdng thuc hien duoc cdng viec dd mpt each nghiem hie, vdi quan ao xpe xech va khdng biet hat, dng da trd thanh trd cudi cho Cher. Nhung dng ay lai biet each giao luu vdi mpi ngudi.
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NGUYEN TAC KET NOI
Trong le tang ciia ong, cuu phat ngon vien Nha Trang, Newt Gingrich da chia se:
Quy vi hay nhin ong va tu nghi tham: "Ong nay khong the la mpt nguoi noi tieng." Ong cuoi, ong noi dieu gi do va ban lai tham nghi: "Day khong phai la mpt nguoi nghiem hie." Sau mpt vai cau chuyen hai hudc ma quy vi tho 16 vdi dng, dng giiip quy vi giai quyet mpt van de va quy vi bat dau nhan ra ngudi nay dang lam viec rat tich cue, la mpt ngudi nghi thau dao, ngudi danh tat ca su quan tam sau sac, bang tat ca kha nang, y tudng cao dp nham mong mudn lam cho quy vi trd nen Idn hon dng, de dng cd the phuc vu quy vi, dieu dd se lam cho van de ciia quy vi trd nen don gian hon, ma quy vi dang can cd su cdng tac ciia dng.
Bono da hieu Nguyen tac Ket noi. Ong da chiem duoc trai tim ciia moi nguoi truoc khi dat duoc su ho tro ciia ho. Ong biet rang phai chiem duoc cam tinh ciia hp truoc khi mong dupe hp giiip do.
HAY KET NOI LAN Ll/OT TUNG NGI/OI
Bi quyet ket noi voi nhung nguoi khac la ket noi voi timg nguoi. Tuong Nprman Schwarzkopf nhan manh: "Toi da timg thay nhung nha lanh dao binh thuong, khi hp diing truoc mpt trung dpi, hp chi nhin thay mpt trung dpi. Nhung nhung nha lanh dao kiet xuat khi diing truoc mpt trung dpi thi hp nhin thay 44 ca nhan, moi nguoi trong so hp deu co nhung nguyen vpng, moi nguoi trong so hp deu mudn sdng va mdi ngudi trong so hp deu mudn lam nhung dieu tot."
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Toi da timg co co hoi noi chuyen Ket ndi vdi nhieu ngxidi voi nhung nhung hoc vien rat an
trong mot nhom, quan he tupng trong mpt khoa hpc ve lanh vdi ho nhu nhung dao. So hpc vien tham gia 6 san van
ca nhan. dpng da len den con so' tit 60.000 den 70.000, vai dong nghiep cua toi cung la nguoi dien thuyet horn do
da hoi toi: "Lam the nao anh noi chuyen dupe vdi so nguoi khdng Id nhu vay?" Bi quyet that don gian. Toi khong co gang ndi cho hang nghin ngudi. Tdi tap trung de ndi cho mdt ngudi. Dd la each duy nhat de ket than vdi mpi ngudi.
DO LA NHIEM VU CUA LANH DAO
Vai nha lanh dao gap khd khan vdi Nguyen tac Ket ndi vi hp cho rang ket ndi la trach nhiem cua nhung nguoi dudi quyen. Dieu nay hoan toan chinh xac ddi vdi nhung ngudi mang chuc danh lanh dao. Hp thudng nghi: "Tdi la dng chu, tdi cd chuc, cd quyen, nhung ngudi nay la quan ciia tdi. Hay de hp tu den vdi tdi." Nhung nhung nha lanh dao thanh cdng, nhung ngudi tuan thii Nguyen tac Ket ndi thi ludn la nhung ngudi chu ddng khdi xudng. Hp thuc hien buoc dau tien vdi mpi nguoi rdi sau do co gang tiep tuc thiet lap mdi quan he. Dieu dd khdng phai ludn de dang, nhung no rat quan trpng doi vdi thanh cdng ciia mdt td chiic. Lanh dao phai thuc hien dieu dd, bat ke nhiing trd ngai nao can buoc hp.
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NGUYEN TAC KET NOI
Toi da hoc duoc bai hoc nay nam 1972 khi gap phai mot tinh canh vo Be ket ndi vdi moi ngudi cimg kho khan. Khi do, toi dang toi trong nhdm, hay kit ndi Lancaster, Ohio de nhan nhiem vu vdi timg ngudi mot lanh dao cho giao doan nay. Truoc khi nhan vi tri nay, toi da tim hieu tu mot nguoi ban va biet rang nha tho nay vira trai qua mot cuoc tranh cai Ion lien quan den van de xay dung du an. Han gan nhung van de xung dot la mpt nguoi co anh huong trong giao doan ten la Jim Butz, ong da dupe bau lam trum chanh cho giao doan nay va toi cung da duoc nghe rang vai tin tieu cue ve ong, dai loai nhu ong la nguoi bao thu. Ong thuong thich dung anh huong ciia minh de dua hp vao nhung muc tieu khong phai liic nao ciing co ich cho giao doan.
Vi muc su trudc da khdng it lan dung dp vdi Jim, nen toi nhan ra co hdi tot nhat ciia tdi de thanh cdng trong cdng viec lanh dao d dd la hay lam than vdi Jim. Chinh vi vay, dieu dau tien tdi lam khi tdi den dd la hen gap dng d van phong ciia tdi.
Jim la mdt ngudi dan dng cao Idn, cao khoang tren 1,90m va nang tren 100kg, mdt mau ngudi rat phu hpp cho viec di san ga'u ma trong tay chi can mpt cai gay. Mdt ngudi day uy luc dang d tudi 65. Ngupc lai, tdi mdi chi cd 25 tudi. Khi dng buoc vao, tdi da ndi: "Thua dng Jim, tdi biet rang dng la ngudi rat cd anh hudng vdi giao doan ciia chiing ta, va tdi mudn bay td vdi dng rang tdi mudn lam tat ca nhung dieu tdi cd the de chiing ta cd mdt mdi quan he tot. Tdi mudn dupe gap dng tat ca bua trua thii ba trong ky nghi de dupe trao ddi vdi dng nhung van de ciia giao doan. Khi tdi la lanh
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
dao d day, toi se khong bao gid quyet dinh mdt cdng viec gi cho giao doan ma khong thao luan trudc vdi ong. Toi muon lam viec vdi ong.
"Nhung toi cung mudn cho ong biet rang, toi da nghe thay nhieu y kien nhan xet ong la mdt nguoi rat tieu cue," toi da noi
Nhiem vu cua nhd lanh n h u v ^ - v a n e u Q n g ^ n h f t l g
dao Id khdi xudng moi m # c dau, hay neu ong khang khang quan he. chong lai tdi, tdi nghi rang chung ta
— ^ — chi d vi tri dd'i khang. Vi dng co qua nhieu anh hudng, tdi biet ring dng
se gianh thang loi d hau het quang thdi gian dau. Nhung tdi se quyet tam xay dung phat trien mdi quan he vdi mpi ngudi va ldi keo nhung ngudi mdi ve vdi giao doan va mot ngay nao day, tdi se cd anh hudng Idn hon dng.
"Nhung tdi khdng mudn cang thing vdi dng," tdi tiep rue, "Ong da 65 ruoi. Cd the ndi rang dng chi song them 10 -15 nam vdi sue khoe tot, cung nhu dng con cd the lam viec dupe. Neu mudn, dng cd the bien nhung nam thang nay thanh nhung nam tuyet vdi nhat va y nghia nhat trong cupc ddi dng. Chiing ta cd the ciing lam nhieu viec Idn cho giao doan nay, nhung quyet dinh la tuy d dng."
Khi tdi ket thiic, Jim chang he ndi mpt cau nap, dng diing day va buoc ra dai sanh, dung lai lay mpt ed'e nude ud'ng. Tdi da theo dng ra ngoai va chd dpi. Sau mdt hdi lau, dng dung thang ngudi va quay lai. Liic do, tdi da nhin thay nhiing giot nude mat lan nhanh tren ma dng, va sau do, dng da ghi chat lay tdi: "Tdi ludn ling hp ngai."
NGUYEN TAC KET NOI
Va thuc te la Jim da luon 6 ben canh toi. Ong song them duoc muoi nam nua, va chiing toi da cung nhau lam duoc rat nhieu dieu co ich cho giao doan. Nhung dieu do se khong bao gid xay ra neu toi da khong co can dam ket than voi ong trong ngay dau Hen 6 van phong ciia minh.
THlY T H A C H CANG K H O K H A N , KET N O I CANG L O N M A N H
Diing bao gio danh gia thap siic manh ciia nhiem vu xay dung moi quan he voi moi nguoi truoc khi de nghi hp di theo ban. Neii ban da rung Hm hieu ve cupc doi ciia nhung nha chi huy quan su noi Heng, ban co the nhan ra, nhung chi huy xuat sac nhat da ap dung Nguyen tac Ket noi. Toi nho da dpc dupe rang Hong Chien tranh The gioi thii Nhat 6 Phap, tuong Douglas MacArthur da nhac nho vien chi huy dai dpi truoc khi giao nhiem vu: "Thieu ta, khi nhan dupe Hn hieu tan cpng, t6i muon thieu ta la ngudi vupt len trudc, trudc khi quan linh ciia thieu ta xung phong. Neii nhu thieu ta lam nhu vay, hp se di thep thieu ta." Sau dd, MacArthur thao huy hieu anh hung — ^ — ciia minh va gan vao nguc vien
i , A „ , , , , , Thu-c te, ho chang quart thieu ta. Ong da tang thuong chinh ....
~ „ ™ K tam ban hieu biet aen huy hieu anh hung cua one cho vien , , . . .
i, , * 6 , dau cho tot khi hq biet thieu ta truoc khi one mudn vien , x„ t^ ,
„ t ° ban quan tam aen «p thieu ta thuc hien sii menh anh ., ^ >
,' ' , , ^he nao. himg. Va tat nhien, vien thieu ta ay da chi huy xuat sac dpi quan, tat ca ^
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
quan h'nh da theo su lanh dao do va ho da chiem duoc can cu cua dich, dat duoc muc tieu cua ho.
Khong phai tat ca nhung cau chuyen ve quan su di theo Nguyen tac Ket ndi deu de dang. Vi du nhu cau chuyen Napoleon da thuc hien nguyen tac ay bang each hoc nho ten toan bp tudng linh cua minh, noi hp song, tran dau nao ho da cung dng tham gia. Con Robert E. Lee thi da di tham tat ca quan linh d trai cua ho dem trudc tran chien dien ra. Va dng thudng xuyen gap go quan linh ngay sau nhung ngay chien dau. Gan day hon, tdi da doc thay each Norman Schwarzkopf ket noi vdi quan linh ciia dng. Giang sinh nam 1990, trong cudc chien vung vinh, dng da danh ca ngay 6 vdi cac nam nu quan nhan dang phai sdng xa gia dinh. Trong hoi ky ciia minh, dng viet:
Toi khoi hanh tir lang Lockheed... vai nhom da ngoi vao an bua toi, mac dii troi van dang la buoi chieu. Hp phai an thay ca. Toi da den bat tay rat nhieu nguoi. Sau do, toi toi lang Escan, 6 do co ba hpi truong Ion. Khi vira dat chan den lang, toi nhan ra quan lmh da xep mpt hang dai tren duong di vao. Toi da bat tay tat ca mpi nguoi trong hang, di vao phia trong, toi gap tat ca mpi ngudi trpng ban hau can, giiip viec va ca nhiing ngudi dang lam nhiem vu tren dudng tdi buoc trong hpi trudng. Budc tdi tat ca mpi ban an va chiic mimg giang sinh tdi hp. Sau dd, tdi di tdi nha an thii hai va thii ba va tdi cung da lam nhu vay. Rdi tdi da trd lai doanh trai thii nhat, tap duyet bai thuc hanh, bdi vi d day vira nhan mot dpi hinh binh linh mdi. Sau dd, tdi ngoi xudng vdi vai nhdm va ciing an toi vdi hp. Trpng khoang thdi gian boh gio ddng ho, tdi da cd khoang bdn nghin cai bat tay.
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NGUYEN TAC KET NOI
Schwarzkopf khong co nhiem vu phai lam nhu vay, nhung ong da lam. Ong da diing mot trong nhung phuong thiic hiiu hieu nhat cho cong viec ket than voi moi ngudi, tdi goi do la di cham cham qua dam ddng. Co the khdng lot tai lim, nhung thuc te, hp chang quan tam ban hieu biet den dau cho tdi khi hp biet ban quan tam den hp the nao.
KET QUA CUA KET NOI
Khi mpt nha lanh dao hoan thanh cdng viec ket than vdi moi ngudi dudi quyen, ban co the nhan ra dieu do qua cung each hoat ddng cua to chiic. Trong luc lupng ngudi lao dpng, ndi bat len long trung thanh va su kinh trong sau sic. Tam nhin ciia nha lanh dao trd thanh mpt khat vpng cho mpi ngudi. Va tac dpng sinh ra la hien nhien.
Ban cung cd the nhan ra ket qua bang nhung con dudng khac nhau. Vi nhu, nam 1994, vao diing "Ngay cua Sep'", to USA Today da danh tron ven mpt trang cho hpp ddng dang tai mpt la thu tir nhung can bp nhan vien hang Southwest Airlines, gui cho Herb Kelleher, Giam dd'c Dieu hanh ciia cdng ty.
Cam on, Herb! vi da nho ten ciia tat ca chiing toi; vi da iing ho cho nha Ronald McDonald; vi da cho phep chiing toi mang tat ca hanh ly trong ngay le Ta on
' Ngay cua Sep: 16110 hang nam (ND>.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
vi da trao cho tat ca mpi nguoi nhung cai hon; vi da lang nghe; vi da mang den lpi nhuan cho hang; vi da hat trong bua tiec cua ngay hpi ciia chiing toi; vi da hat chi mpt lain trong nam; vi da cho phep chiing toi di giay the thao va mac quan sooc khi lam viec; vi da choi golf 6 cau lac bp LUV truyen thong; vi cupc noi chuyen ngoai troi 6 Sam Donaldson; vi dupe di tren xe Harky Davidson ciia ngai toi phong dieu hanh ciia cong ty; vi da khong chi la mpt ong chii, ma con la mpt nguoi ban ciia chiing toi; Lai chuc mieng chan thanh "Ngay cua Sep" tie 16.000 can bo cdng nhan vien ciia ngai.
Mot sir bay to ve tam anh huong — nhu tren chi co the xay ra khi mpt nha lanh dao da lam viec dac luc de Be lanh dao bdn thdn, ket than vol tat ca cap duoi ciia ong. MV s * c d i Mu-
DeTdnh dao mpi nguoi, Dung bao eid coi thuong hay , . , ,'
°, , ° , , hay su dung trai tim. danh gia thap tam quan trpng ciia viec xay dung cau noi giua ban than — ' va mpi ngudi ban lanh dao. Nguoi xua da noi: "Lanh dao ban than bang ly tri, lanh dao mpi ngudi bang trai tim". Do la nguyen ly ciia Nguyen tac Ket noi. Hay ludn gianh vi tri trong trai tim hp trudc khi nhd hp giiip do.
—160 —
1 1
N G U Y E N T A C T H A N T I N
Tiem ndng cua mot nhd lanh dao do nhung ngudi thdn tin nhat quyet dinh
N am 1981, toi nhan dupe mot an suing dac biet. Khi do,
toi dang la Giam doc Dieu hanh Trung tam Dieu hanh Hpi Giam ly The gioi, thi nhan dude mpt co hpi tro thanh lanh dao nha tho Ion nhat do hpi nay xay dung. Nha tho do co ten la Skyline, nam d San Diego, California.
Nha thd da co mpt ljch sur that hoanh trang. No dupe Orval Butcher xay dung trong thap nien 1950, ong la mpt ngudi rat ndi tieng va hien da nghi huu, sau 27 nam phuc vu giao doan. Tien si Butcher da day cho hang nghin ngudi theo
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
phong each lanh dao ciia minh, va giao doan da rat phat trien, diroc ca nude My biet den. Dd la mdt giao doan Idn, nhung that su cd mdt van de. Trong nhung nam gan day, giao doan khong he phat trien. Sau khi cd duoc khoang hon mpt nghin thanh vien, su phat trien ciia giao doan chung lai.
Lan dau tien, toi cd cudc hpp rat cang thang vdi hdi ddng quan ly, va biet rang nhiem vu mdi ciia Khd nang cua mdt nhd minh la tai Skyline. Ngay sau dd, lanh dao do nhung nguoi toi da gpi cho Margaret, vp tdi, sap t h d n tin n M t c u a
xep hanh trang va chuan bi cho do xdc dinh. Thieu ho, tdi cuoc di chuyen tdi song va lam chdng theldm gi duoc viec tai giao doan nay. Sau dd, ca vdi ddng dao nhung hai diia con ciia chiing tdi ciing ddi n8u™ dudi quyen, du tdi j~< . , , , „. . co cdgang din ddu. den day ngay khi chung toi dupe * 6
giao doan san sang tiep ddn. — — Tren dudng bay xuyen qudc gia de den Skyline, tdi bit dau
suy nghi nhung cong viec ma tdi se phai hoan thanh d giao doan nay. Tdi hy vpng dupe thu thach kha nang ciia minh bang viec thiet lap va xay dung mpt Skyline hoan toan mod. Sau khi chiing tdi den, tdi da gap go cac can su de xac dinh kha nang ciia moi ngudi. Va ngay lap hie, tdi kham pha ra nguyen nhan dan den su ngung tre ciia giao doan trong nhung nam gan day. Can su d day la nhung ngudi td't, nhung hp khdng phai la nhung nha lanh dao manh me. Bat ke toi lam gi cho hp, hp cung ching bao gid dua dupe to chiic toi nod ma chiing tdi can phai tdi. Ban thay day, toan bp kha nang ciia mpt nha lanh dao do nhung ngudi than tin nhat ciia
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NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN
nguoi do xac dinh. Neu hp la nhung nguoi co kha nang, nha lanh dao se tao ra dupe anh huong sau sac. Nhung neu hp la nhung nguoi han che've kha nang, thi nha lanh dao do chang the lam gi dupe. Do la Nguyen tac Than tin.
CAI THIEN THEO BA NHOM
Nhiem vu truoc mat ciia toi da ro rang. Toi phai loai bo su yeu kem va tang cuong kha nang lanh dao cho dpi ngu can su ciia minh. Do la con duong duy nhat co the giiip toi thay doi dupe tinh hinh. Toi bat dau tap hpp tat ca nhung
— can su lai, phan chia hp thanh ba nhom dua tren kha nang lanh dao
Khi co nhung nhan vien v ^ hieu qua cong viec ciia moi gioi thi kha nang cua ban n g U o i . Nhom dau tien la nhung
se thang hoa. nguoi co kha nang thap nhat, day la nhung nguoi mang lai hieu qua lam viec thap nhat cho giao doan. Va toi
nhan thay toi co the sa thai hp bat ke khi nao, boi viec sa thai cung khong he anh huong xau den giao doan ma ngupc lai, no mang tinh tich cue. Ngay lap hie, toi da thay the hp bang nhung ngucri tot nhat ma toi tim dupe.
Sau do, toi lam viec voi nhom trung binh. Toi den voi tung ngucri mpt, roi dua nhung can su tuyen dupe tir ben ngoai td chiic hudng dan nhiing nhan vien yeu kem nhat. Tdi mat mpt nam de thay the nhung the he cii ciia nhdm thii hai. Cuoi nam thii ba, tdi mdi that sir hoan thanh cai td nhdm va chi cdn lai hai nhan vien trong nhdm cu ma thdi. Va vi nhung ngudi than tin ciia tdi da thang tien len mpt
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
cap do moi, cho nen to chiic ciing co kha nang tien len mpt nac thang moi. Voi nhiing con nguoi moi, tham chi nhiing ngudi yeu nhat cung con manh hon ca nhung ngudi trong nhdm cu trudc day ma toi da de hp ra di.
Dpi ngii nay tiep tuc phat trien manh me. Toi ciing da dao tao hp de trd thanh nhung nha lanh dao manh me hon. Va bat ke khi nao cd mpt nhan vien rdi vi tri lam viec, toi lai dm kiem mdt ngudi co kha nang hon thay the vao do. Va ket qua, anh hudng ciia Skyline that Idn lao. Ngay khi toi vira thuc hien cong cupc cai to nhan su nam 1981 thi no da phat huy tac dung, lam cho giao doan phat trien trd lai. Chi chua day muoi nam, so lupng thanh vien trong giao doan da tang len gap ba lan so vdi ngay dau toi dat chan tdi day. Va quy tai chinh ciia giao doan tir dd den nay da tang tir 800.000 dd-la len den nam trieu dd-la mdi nam.
DL/A TO CHUC LEN NAC THANG MOI
NH6M MOI
CAI THIEN BA NHOM LANH DAO
THAY THE BA NHOM 2
LANH DAO CU « N h 6 m bmH
•4-5 Nhdm phat trien
+2. Nhdm trung binh — Nhdm yeu kem
NHOM CU
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NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN
Su phat trien va thanh cong 6 Skyline ma chiing toi da dat *dupc chinh la ket qua ciia Nguyen tac Than tin. Khi chiing ta co nhung nhan vien gioi thi kha nang ciia chiing ta se thang hoa. Nam 1995, khi toi roi giao doan, rat nhieu lanh dao tren khap nuoc My da tim each thue nhung thanh vien chii cho't ciia giao doan chiing toi cho to chiic ciia hp. Ho da nhan ra siic manh ciia Nguyen tac Than tin, muon tim dupe nhung nguoi co kha nang nhat de thiic day kha nang ciia hp thang hoa.
M O I TO CHTJC DEU CO D O I NGU T H A N T I N
Hay nhin vao bat ky mpt to chiic chuyen mon nao, ban deu co the nhan ra Nguyen tac Than tin dang dupe ap dung. Mpt vi du la viec tap hpp nhung nhom cau thii xuat sac cung choi trong dpi bong ro Florida Marlins. Va ket qua ra sao? Hp da gianh hang loat giai vo dich the gioi. Nhung khi miia vo dich troi qua, ho bat dau pha tan cai tap the ay. No ciing giong nhu cupc ban thao cac cau thii 6 San Diego Padres nhung nam dau thap nien 1990. Va ket qua ciia dpi Florida cung toi te khong
- kem San Diego. Ngoai nhung cau thii chii cho't, nhung cau thii than tin,
Khdng cd nhiing nhd lanh ^ - ^ ^ m u C Q n ^ d & Q m l i c r S t
dao don doc. Hay thu - » . „. , , ,~ , / xoang. Kha nang cua mpt nha lanh
thudng tuong: Neu chi co 4 , . , , , „ dao - dong nghia voi kha nang cua
mdt minh, ban se chang , „ ; ,_ , „ ca to chuc - luon duoc xac dinh boi lanh dao mot at, dung vay chii? nhimg nguoi gan giii nhat voi anh ta.
Nhan thiic dupe tam quan trpng ciia ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Nguyen tac Than tin, toi that su ngac - 165-
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
nhien khi gap nhieu ngucri van ap dung huyen thoai Lone Ranger' nhu hinh mau ly tuong cho nghe thuat lanh dao. Trong American Spirit (Tinh than My) ciia Laurence Miller co neu ro ly tuong lanh dao bat kha thi ay:
Tat ca mpi van de deu dupe giai quyet bang cung mpt each. Lone Ranger va nguoi ban than tin Indian cuoi ngua vao thi tran. Khudn mat, con nguoi, than the va hanh dpng ciia Lone Ranger luon dupe phii kin, khong ai trong so nhung nguoi dupe ong ta che cho cam thay gan gui. Siic manh ciia ong phan nao ciing mang nhung net than bi ciia ong. Trong vong muoi phut, Lone Ranger da hieu van de gi dang xay ra, chi ra ke nao dang pha roi va ong lien nhay ra ngoai de duoi bat. Ong nhanh chong danh lira chiing, kep lai siing va day chiing ra phia sau nhiing quan bar. Va luon co mpt canh ket thiic rat tho mong khi nhiing nan nhan diing vin vao dang truoc nhiing trai nudi ciia hp hay chay ra khu trung tam vdi con mat day ngudng mp va ngac nhien khdng hieu hp da dupe ciiu nhu the nao.
Do that su la mpt cau chuyen khoac lac. Khong co nhiing nha lanh dao kieu Lone Ranger. Hay thii tudng tuong: Neu ban chi co mpt minh, ban se chang lanh dao dupe ai.
Chuyen gia ve lanh dao Warren Bennis hoan toan chinh xac khi khang dinh: "Nha lanh dao tim kiem nhiing nguoi tai nang nhat trong to chiic, giiip thanh vien trong to chiic nhan ra kha nang ciia ban than." Hay de y tat ca nhung ngudi lanh dao hieu qua, va ban de dang tim thay nhung
' Lone Ranger: Dung si dpc hanh
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NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN
ngudi d xung quanh ngudi do vdi quan he rat gan gui. Ban ciia tdi, Joshep Fisher da nhac nhd tdi khi ndi ve sue anh hudng tu nhung bai giang ciia Billy Graham. Thanh cong ciia dng la ket qua co duoc nhd ddi ngu than tin tuyet vdi: Ruth Bell Graham, Grady Wilson, Cliff Barrows va George Beverly Shea. Hp giiip dng trd nen thanh cdng hon so vdi khi dng lam viec mpt minh. Ban cung cp the lien he tdi hai nhiem ky ciia Td'ng thdng Ronald Reagan. Ong da rat thanh cong vi xung quanh dng cd nhung ngudi rat gidi.
GIOI NHAT CHl/A PHAI LA TOT NHAT
Trong mdt cuoc hdi thao giang ve Nguyen tac Than tin, mpt ngucri dan ong ten la Ashley Randall d Woodbine, Georgia da den chia se vdi tdi trong gid giai lao. Anh ta ndi: "Thay John, thay da ndi that diing ve siic manh ciia viec cong tac vdi nhung ngudi gidi. Tdi la van dpng vien dua xe dap dudng dai, va di theo nhiing van dpng vien xe dap ndi tieng the gidi. Nhung cudc dua xe dap nhu Tour de France, nha vd dich thudng la nhung ngudi thudng xuyen luyen tap va chay dua vdi nhung van ddng vien thupc nhung dpi hinh manh nhat. Hp khdng phai la nhung ngudi ve nhat hang ngay, nhung hp nam trong top ve dau tien mdi ngay.
"Tdi cung thay dieu dd diing vdi ban than tdi," anh ndi. "Toi vira cd cupc dua vai ngay trong mpt khoa huan luyen, va tdi cd the chiing minh rang trong nhung ngay nay tdi boi, toi dap xe va tdi chay tot hon tat ca nhiing lan trudc dd. Nguyen nhan la xung quanh tdi, nhiing van dpng vien boi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
loi, dua xe dap va chay cung toi deu la nhung van dong vien chuyen nghiep 6 cap do cao hon toi."
Ban co the ke ve mpt nha lanh dao la chuyen gia ve Nguyen tac Than tin. Vi du nhu, Jack Welch, Chii tich kiem Giam doc Dieu hanh ciia General Electric, khong bao gio mat di co hpi thong tin ve nhung nguoi than tin cap cao 6 cong ty ciia ong. Ke tir khi ong ganh vac trach nhiem dieu hanh GE nam 1981, ong luon thoai mai va dong y voi hau het nhiing quan ly than tin trong hpi dong quan tri - Co khoang 500 vi tri nhu the trong toan cong ty.
GIA TRI CUA VIEC LUA CHON DUNG NGUOI DE XAY D U N G D O I NGU T H A N TIN
Trong nhung dip thuan tien, nha lanh dao nen co' gang xay dung dpi ngii than tin tir nhung nguoi trong to chiic ciia minh. Tat nhien, khong phai liic nao cung kha thi, nhu kinh nghiem ciia toi 6 Skyline. Nhung ban ciing khong the tao ra su hai long hay phan thuong bang each lua chpn nhung nguoi den tir "dpi hinh nong trai".
Ned Barnholt quan ly ciia Hewlett-Packard cho rang co ba nhom nguoi co phan xa voi hoat dpng lanh dao hoac tac dpng ciia lanh dao trong to chiic: (1) Ngay lap hie tiep thu va thuc thi menh lenh; (2) Hoai nghi va chua chac thuc thi menh lenh; (3) Suy nghi tieu cue, hy vpng menh lenh d6 se khong co hieu luc. "Toi thuong xuyen danh hau het thai gian cho nhom nguoi co tu tuong tieu cue," Barnholt noi.
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NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN
"Toi co gang thuyet phuc hp thay doi. Va bay gid, tdi lai danh thdi gian cho nhung ngudi d nhdm thu nhat. Toi danh tat ca dieu tuyet vdi nhat cho hp." Thai dp nay dong gdp rat nhieu cho tuong lai phat trien ciia to chuc.
Ban co the ban khoan xac dinh danh thdi gian vao viec gi cho td chuc. Ban nen thu dua nam nhdm ngudi vao dpi ngu than tin cua minh. Tat ca nhung ngudi ay se dua den nhung gia tri to Idn khdng chi cho ban ma con cho to chuc ciia ban.
1. Gia tr| tiem nSng - nhOng nguoi ty trau d6l ban than
Kha nang dau tien ma bat ke nha lanh dao nao cung can phai co la kha nang lanh dao va trau ddi ban than. Hay ludn tinh tao nhin nhan mpi ngudi vdi nang luc cao nhat.
2. Gia tr| tich eye - nhung nguoi la tinh than cua to" chuc
Day la mpt bai tho cd ciia Ella Wheeler Wilcox ma me tdi thudng dpc khfch le toi:
Co hai loai nguoi trong the'gidi nay
Toi khang dinh, chi co hai loai ngudi, khdng cd hem.
Khdng phai la ngucri tot hay xa'u,
Nhiing ngudi tot cd niia xa'u va ngudi xa'u cd mia tot
Khdng! Hai loai ngucri tren trai dat, tdi mud'n ndi
La nhiing ngucri guc xudng va nhiing ngudi dung len.
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21 NGUYEN TACVANG.
Nhimg ngudi co kha nang kich thich ngudi khac dung day va nang tinh than trong td chuc la nhung ngudi vo cung gia tri, va hp ludn la tai san quy gia nhat trong dpi ngu than tin ciia nhung ngudi lanh dao.
3. Gia tr| ban than - nhung ngudi xay dung nen nha Ifinh dao
Mdt ngudi ban ciia tdi timg noi vdi tdi; "Diing tren dinh cao rat cd don, tot nhat anh nen tim hieu ly do anh d tren dd." Dieu nay hoan toan chinh xac khi nha lanh dao ganh vac trpng trach. Khi ban d phia trudc, ban se de dang ngam dupe muc tieu. Nhung ban se khdng phai di mpt minh. Chinh vi vay, tdi da ndi: "Diing mdt minh tren dinh cao that cd don, nen tot nhat ban hay dua theo vai ngudi." Ai cd the tot hon nhung ngudi khich le ban, khdng ba phai, nhung la ngudi tuyet dd'i ting hp ban? Vua Dung mot minh tren dinh Splomon trong lich sii cd dai Israel ca° t h d t cd don, nen toi da nhan thay: "Sat mai sat, ban be nhatbanhdy mai sac cho nhau." Hay tim kiem d w a t h e o v d i nSttM-nhung ngudi than tin de giiip ban —————————— thang tien.
4. Gia tr| san xudt - nhung ngudi bdi dudng, phat trien ngudi khac
Phat thanh vien vui tinh Fred Allen da ke ve ngudi dan chuong trinh truyen hinh Ed Sullivan: "Anh ta se cd mat,
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NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN
mien la mpi nguoi co tai nang." Mac du ong noi rang do chi la cau noi dua, nhung co rat nhieu an y trong loi binh luan cua ong. Sullivan co con mat tai nang, va ong la chuyen gia thu hut nhung con nguoi tai nang den voi chuong trinh cua minh. Co rat nhieu nhom hai va nhac si da tro nen noi rieng trong nhung nam 1960 sau khi tham gia chuong trinh Ed Sullivan. Hay coi trpng nhung nguoi co kha nang boi duong, phat trien nguoi khac vi dpi ngu than tin xung quanh ban.
5. Gia tr| duoc kiem chung - nhung ngudi duoc phat trien s€ phat trl£n nhung ngudi khac
Gia tri Ion nhat cho bat ke mot nha lanh dao nao la mot ai do co kha nang xay dung, khich le dupe nhung lanh dao khac. Do la quy trinh nhan boi so' nang luc lanh dao. (Sue manh cua van de nay co the dupe tim thay trong Nguyen tac Phat trien Bung no).
KHONG BAO Gl6 NGUNG, PHAT TRIEN D O I N G U T H A N T I N
Trong cudn sach Phat trim ky ndng lanh dao, tdi da viet ve su hdi tudng ciia minh khi budc sang tudi 40. Tdi cd udc mo tiep tuc thang tien d cap dp cao hon va tao nen su anh hudng Idn hem, nhung toi da nhan ra minh da cd nhung van de ve thdi gian, dudng nhu dieu do lam cho tdi khdng the tap trung vao muc tieu ma tdi da dinh. Hay ndi each khac, toi khdng the lam viec cham chi hon hay hieu qua hern. Va
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
toi chi co mot lua chpn duy nhat: hpc each lam viec thong qua mpi nguoi. Do la liic toi that su hieu ve Nguyen tac Than tin. Tu do, toi quyet tam thiic day cong tac phat trien dpi ngu than tin ciia minh. Toi thue nhung nguoi gioi nhat toi tim duoc, boi duong hp bang tat ca kha nang ciia minh va trao cho hp tat ca nhung gi co the.
Nam 1994, toi kham pha ra mpt trong nhung thanh vien chii cho't trong dpi ngu than tin ciia toi. Thoi T 6 i t h u i nhung ngudi gian do, INJOY Stewardship gidi nhdi toi tim duac, Services (ISS), cong ty thii hai toi bdi dudng ho bang tdi cd sang lap, hoat dpng dupe gan hai khd ndng cua minh va nam tuoi, dang gap nhung van de trao cho ho tdi cd va hoat dpng kem hieu qua. Thuc ra, n h f m 8 Sl c 6 t h £
cong ty nay dang thanh cong trong — — — — — — — — viec thuc hien muc tieu tu van chien djch von, nhung thanh cong chua cao, hau qua la cdng ty roi vao tinh trang thua 16. Cong ty dang rat can mot lanh dao gidi. Dick Peterson, chii tich cdng ty dau hen ciia toi, da qua ban rpn vdi INJOY. Con toi thi khdng cd khoang thdi gian nao danh cho no vi cd qua nhieu cupc dien thuyet, rdi mpt giao doan vdi 3.500 tin do (bao gdm ca 40 nhan vien), va cong viec gia dinh vdi hai diia con dang hpc trung hpc.
Liic dd, Dick va tdi quyet dinh di den Seatle de xin mdt so gdp y tu Dave Sutherland, mpt thanh vien giam dd'c ciia IBM co nhung kinh nghiem dang ne phuc, kha nang lanh dao phan doan rat tot, cd dau dc chien lupc bac nhat ma tdi biet. Thuc ra, tdi da biet dng va dng cung da cd mdt so hpp
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NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN
tac voi ISS, nen ong da vui long ngoi noi chuyen voi chiing toi nhu nhung nguoi ban. Vai tuan truoc cuoc hop, toi da trao doi voi ong tat ca nhung thong tin toi nghi la ong can, va toi cung da hoi ong se lam gi neu ong la dang co gang dua cong ty hen len mot nac thang moi.
Chiing toi ngoi trao doi tai mot can phong khach san 6 Seattle, va ong bat dau dua ra mot chien lupc dang kinh ngac cho ISS. Ong tin d sii mang ciia chiing toi bdi vi chiing toi da tung giiip giao doan cua dng va muc su d do. Va dng hieu rat chinh xac dieu gi se dua cdng ty tien len mdt nac thang mdi. Sau khoang 30 phut, tdi tim ra ... Dave chinh Id ngudi cd the thuc hien duac su mang ay.
"Dave," tdi ndi, "Toi mudn mdi anh den dieu hanh ISS." Dave khdng quan tam tdi ldi de nghi ciia tdi va van tiep tuc trinh bay ke hoach cho toi. Khoang mpt gid sau dd, tdi lai noi vdi dng: "Anh Dave, that su tdi muon mdi anh den lam viec." Ong van chang he de y tdi nguyen vpng ciia tdi ma cii hep tuc trinh bay ke hoach vdi tdi va Dick. Cudi ciing, sau cupc ndi chuyen khoang bdn gid ddng hd, tdi ndi vdi dng lan nua: "Anh Dave, anh cd nghe thay tdi ndi khdng? Tdi dang noi vdi anh rang, toi mudn mdi anh lam chii tich cdng ty ISS cho toi. Tai sao anh lai khdng them de y tdi tdi?"
Khi tdi ndi tdi diem nay, dng than trpng dap lai loi mdi ciia toi. Tdi da nhan ra rang, tdi da khdng cd nhieu thii danh cho dng. Ong la mpt trong nhung nhan su dang cap qudc gia ciia IBM ve linh vuc marketing. Trong khi dd, tat ca nhung gi toi co chi la mpt cdng ty nhd va mpt udc mo. Nhung theo
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Nguyen tac Than tin, toi da nhan ra kha nang cua cong ty toi cung nhu ca nhan toi se phat trien bung no neu Dave tro thanh thanh vien ciia chiing toi. Khi toi trinh bay van de luong cho ong voi vi tri trong hoi dong quan tri cong ty ISS, thi ong da hieu rang toi dang noi chuyen nghiem hie. Va mac du voi lua chon do, thu nhap ciia Dave da bi giam di rat nhieu, nhung ong van dong y.
Hien tai, ISS trd thanh cdng ty phat trien nhat trong khoi cdng ty cd ciing nganh kinh doanh, dung thii hai trong khoi nhung cdng ty tu van tai chinh ciia My. Tat ca deu dupe dua len nac thang mdi, da deu chuyen bien di len nhung nac thang mdi, xin cam on Dave Sutherland. Va khdng chi co vay, Dave da cdng hien tu duy chien lupc va su hieu biet thi trudng cho ca bdn cdng ty ciia tdi.
Dave la ngudi duy nhat trong nhdm 12 lanh dao chii cho't ma tdi da them vao. Tdi da xay dung nhdm do dupe muoi nam - tir ngay tdi tron 40 tudi, va tdi se tiep tuc xay dung no. Dave ciing tham gia vdi Chii tich Dick Peterson ciia INJOY, va hai ngudi ddng nghiep lau nam, Dan Reiland va Tim Elmore, hp nhu canh tay phai va canh tay trai ciia toi trong cdng tac lanh dao. Ca ba ngudi da ciing lam viec voi toi hon mpt thap nien qua. Va cd mpt sd' thanh vien mdi gia nhap, trong dd cd chu rich cua hai cdng ty khac la Ron McManus va Chris Fryer. Rdi trp ly Linda Eggers da td chiic, sap xep nhung dieu tudng nhu "khdng the" cho toi hang ngay; Charlie Wetzel, ngudi chap biit, giiip tdi lien tuc cho ra nhiing dau sach bat ke lich lam viec qua kin. Roi nhung quan ly tre nhu Dave Johnson, Kevin Small, va Larry
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NGUYEN TAC THAN TIN
Figueroa ciing dang giiip INJOY dat dupe nhiing anh huong lcm lao. Va tat nhien, toi khong the quen nguoi ban than Jim Dornan, anh trai ciia toi Larry Maxwell, va mot nguoi ban doi tuyet voi nhat the gioi, Margaret - vo toi.
Lee Iacocca da timg noi thanh cong khong den tir nhung gi anh biet, ma den tir nhung nguoi anh biet va con duong anh danh cho moi nguoi trong nhom. Dieu do hoan toan chinh xac, toi that diem phiic khi co duoc tap the ay. Nhung toi van chua hoan thanh. Toi se Hep tuc xay dung va tim kiem them nhung nguoi gioi vao thoi gian toi va sudt ca cuoc doi ciia toi. Ban thay day, toi nhan thay kha nang ciia minh se cang phat trien ma toi van chua dat dupe, va neu toi muon mpt ngay nao do dat dupe dieu dd, thi tdi phai de nhung ngudi tuyet vdi nhat d xung quanh minh. Va dd la con dudng duy nhat dan den thanh cdng. Dd la Nguyen tac Than Hn.
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1 2
N G U Y E N T A C C H I A S E
Q U Y E N L l / C
Chi nhd lanh dao viing vang moi sdn sang chia se quyen luc
C o le gan nhu ai cung biet cau chuyen ve Henry Ford.
Ong la nguoi tao ra cupc each mang doi moi cong nghiep xe hoi va la ngucri da tao nen mpt mdc son trong lich su Thuong mai ciia nuoc My. Nam 1903, ong da dong sang lap Ford Motor Company (Cong ty xe hoi Ford) voi niem tin rang mpt ngay khong xa, xe hoi se nam trong tam tay ciia tat ca nguoi dan My. Ford da noi:
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Toi se che tao xe hoi cho mpi nguoi. No se du rpng cho mpt gia dinh, nhung cung gpn gang de su dung cho muc dich ca nhan. Ho se su dung nhung vat lieu tot nhat, nhung ky su tai nang nhat de che tao xe hoi, nham tao nen dpng co hien dai trong nhung thiet ke don gian nhat. Song gia xe se thap den noi khong mpt nguoi nao co muc luong trung binh lai khong the co mpt chiec xe - de tan huong nhung giay phut hanh phiic ma Chua ban tang ben gia dinh.
Henry Ford da song vdi tam nhin ay bang xe hoi Model T, va chinh no da thay ddi bp mat cudc sdng ciia nhan dan My theky XX. Nam 1914, Ford da san xuat va cung cap gan 50% thi trudng xe hoi d My. Cdng ty xe hoi Ford tro thanh mot cau chuyen thanh cong kieu My.
CHUYEN BAY GIO MOI KE
Mac dii vay, cau chuyen thanh cdng ciia Ford khong phai bao gid cung mang mau sac tich cue, va mpt trong nhung ly do dan den tinh trang ay la do dng khdng thuc hien Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc. Henry Ford rat ung y mau xe hoi Model T den ndi dng khong mudn cd bat ky su thay ddi nao hoac y dinh cai thien mau xe do, tham chi cung khdng cho phep bat ky mpt ai phi bang hay che bai. Mpt lan, nhom ky su ciia dng da thiet kempt mau xe mdi va mudn tao cho ong su ngac nhien, khdng nhung ong khdng ngac nhien vdi ket qua nghien cuu va thiet ke ciia nhdm ky su, dng con giat tung canh cua va pha tan chiec xe mau bang ddi ban tay to Idn ciia minh.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
Trong gan 20 nam, cong ty xe hoi Ford chi dua ra thi truang duy nhat mot kieu mau xe hoi, kieu mau xe hoi Model T do chinh ong thiet ke. Den tan nam 1927, cuoi cung, ong mdi mien cuong cho phep dua ra thi trudng mau xe hoi mdi. Cong ty Ford da thiet ke va cho ra ddi kieu xe hoi Model A, nhung no da qua cham cai tien ky thuat so vdi nhung mat hang cua cac cdng ty xe hai khac. Mac du cong ty Ford la cdng ty di dau trong nganh cdng nghiep cung cap xe hoi, song cdng ty da khdng canh tranh ndi vdi nhung doi thii khac. Cd phie'u ciia Ford da roi vao tinh trang suy giam. Nam 1931, gia tri cd phie'u ciia cong ty giam con 28%.
Henry Ford thupc kieu lanh dao bai tru su chia se quyen luc. Ong nhin nhan su lanh dao ciia minh la tuyet doi, cdn kha nang ciia moi ngudi chi la tam thudng. Tham chi dng con md mdt van phong xa hdi hpc trong cong ty Ford de kiem tra nhung ngudi lam viec ciing dng va di sau ca vao ddi tu ciia hp. Ong ngay cang trd nen lap di. Cd lan ong tdi phong ke toan va quang tat ca so sach ra ngoai dudng roi noi: "Hay quang hen ma chiing ta da kiem dupe vap trpng thimg, liic nap xe hang di qua, hay mang thung hen ra, lay het tien ra ma tra." Khdng chi cd vay, dng con danh nhieu thdi gian va tien cho nhiing du an mang tinh tieu khien, nhu dau tu cho nudi trong va thi nghiem hang tram loai dau khac nhau.
Cd le mdi quan tam khac thudng nhat cua Ford la quan tam tdi dpi ngii lanh dao, dac biet la Edsel, con trai dng. Ford con da lam viec tai cdng ty tir khi con la cau be. Khi Ford cha ngay cang trd len lap di, khac thudng thi Edsel lai
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
cang lam viec cham chi de giii cong ty phat trien. Va neu khong co su tan tuy ciia Edsel, Cong ty xe hoi Ford co le da bi bien khoi thuong truong vao nhiing nam 1930. Henry da trao quyen chu tich cong ty cho Edsel va cong khai tuyen bo, Cong ty xe hoi Ford tuong lai se dua vao kha nang lanh dao ciia cau. Song cung ciing liic do, ong lai day cau duoi quyen han mot so lanh dao khac trong cong ty. Moi khi co co hoi thang tien, cau lai bi Henry kim ham. Va ket qua, cong ty da mat di vai tro lanh dao kiet xuat ciia ban quan tri. Mpt so con d lai cong ty chi vi Edsel. Hp tin rang mpt ngay nao do, Henry se ra di, Edsel se tiep quan vi tri lanh dao ay. Nhung dieu hp mong dpi da khong xay ra. Nam 1943, Edsel qua doi 6 tuoi 49.
MOT HENRY FORD MOI
Henry Ford II, con trai Ion ciia Edsel vira tron 26 tuoi, ngay lap hie roi Hai quan ve Dearborn, Michigan de tham gia vao cong ty. Truoc tien, cau phai doi mat voi nhiing tro ngai rat Ion tir phe canh ciia ong npi. Nhung chi trong vong hai nam, cau da co dupe hau het su ling hp ciia nhung dau moi lanh dao va su ung hp ciia ban giam dd'c (vi me ciia cau da nam 42% cd phan cua Ford), va cau da dii kha nang thuyet phuc ong npi tir chiic de cau budc len nam quyen dieu hanh cdng ty.
Ford chau da dieu hanh cdng ty sudt 15 nam nhung van chua mang lai lpi nhuan chp cdng ty. Vao thdi gian do, cong ty thua 16 khoang 1 trieu dd-la mdi ngay! Henry da nhan ra
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NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
su yeu kem ciia minh va tinh trang cong ty nam ngoai kha nang kiem soat ciia anh. Anh da tien hanh tim kiem nhung nha lanh dao gioi cho cong ty. That may man, mot nhom da den gap anh. Ho la mpt dpi muoi nguoi do Colonel Charles "Tex" Thornton diing dau, quyet dinh lam viec voi nhau, sau khi ciing nhau tham gia phuc vu trong The chien thii Hai. Su dong gop ciia hp cho Ford that to Ion. Thoi gian qua, nhom nhung nha lanh dao nay da giiip cong ty co them sau pho giam doc va hai giam doc.
Van may thii hai cho cong viec lanh dao ciia Ford la su co mat ciia Ernie Breech, nguyen la Giam doc hang Hang khong Bendix va la thanh vien trong Hpi dong Quan tri General Motors. Henry Ford chau da thue ong va dat ong lam pho tong giam doc dieu hanh cong ty. Mac dii Breech nam vi tri thii hai sau Ford, song ong dupe ky vpng mang den su dot bien va thay doi cho cong ty. Va ong da hanh dpng. Breech ngay lap hie loi keo va trung dung 150 chuyen vien xuat sac ciia General Motors, va nam 1949, Cong ty xe hoi Ford da lay lai dupe vi tri. Ciing nam do, cong ty da san xuat va tieu thu hem mpt trieu xe Ford, Mercurys va Lincolns - san pham tot nhat sau khi Model A ra doi.
AI LA ONG CHU?
Neu Henry Ford II ap dung Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc, thi Cong ty xe hoi Ford da rat phat trien va co the se vupt qua General Motors, tro thanh tap doan xe hoi Ion nhat the gioi. Nhung chi co nha lanh dao chac chan moi co the
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
mang den sue manh cho nhung nguoi khac. Henry cam thay lo so. Thanh cong cua Tex Thornton, Ernie Breech va Lewis Crusoe, mot nhan vat kiet xuat do Breech loi cuon hi General Motors, lam cho Henry Ford lo lang cho ghe lanh dao cua ong 6 Ford. Vi tri ciia ong khong phai den tu tam anh hudng ciia ban than, ma do cai ten va ty le co phan duoc thiia hudng tir gia dinh ong quy dinh.
Chinh vi vay, Henry bat dau thi hanh chinh sach "choc gay", chia re moi quan he giua nhung thanh vien trong ban lanh dao. Ong da mdi Thornton den van phong ciia ong chi de khich dng nay chi trich ddng nghiep Crusoe. Va khong lau, Crusoe da thay chan ngay cai "Nhd lanh dao mdi sac canh khdng tuan thii cua nhdi Id ngudi co the chon Thornton yeu cau Breech sa thai duoc ngudi cd khd nang Thornton. Va Breech da lam nen hoan thanh cdng viec anh ta viec dd. Tiep dd, Ford bat dau ling muon va kim che bdn than hd Crusoe, ngudi dang lam viec khdng xen vdo cbng viec ma cho Breech. Nhung nha tieu sir ngubi do dang ldm." hoc ve Ford la Peter Collier va - Theodore Roosevelt David Horowitz da mieu ta phuong thiic ciia Henry Ford II nhu sau:
Ban nang sinh ton ciia Henry hoc 16 sir xao tra cong voi tinh each yeu hen ciia ong. Ong da trao cho Crusoe quyen han lam bat cii dieu gi. Ciing voi hanh d$ng ay la cham diit nhiing uu dai ma ong da danh cho Breech va thay the ong ay bang mQt tay chan than tin. Ong da tao nen mdi han thii giiia hai ngudi, nhiing ngudi da tao
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NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
nen su thanh cong cho Ford. Khi Henry mat di su tu tin voi Breech, ong da de mac cho Breech xu Iy cong viec, vi dieu nay co the se tao dieu kien cho nhung s3p xep ciia ong. Va la cap tren ciia Crusoe, Breech co the se huu ich neu Henry muon giu Crusoe 6 lai.
Dieu nay da tra thanh phong each lanh dao ciia Henry Ford II. Bat ke liic nao nhiing thanh vien trong ban lanh dao tao duoc anh huong va uy tin, ong lien cat giam nhung quyen han ciia hp bang viec thuyen chuyen vj tri khac, hay img ho cap duoi ciia vi lanh dao do, hay tham chi con lam be mat ho truoc dam dong. Ban tinh ay di theo Henry Ford II timg ngay. Timg la chii tich ciia Ford, Lee Iacocca da binh luan sau khi roi khoi cong ty: "Dieu dau tien toi nhan ra a Henry Ford la each hanh xii loai bo nhiing nha lanh dao gioi."
NEU BAN KHONG THE CHIA SE QUYEN LUt...
Iacocca noi r§ng Henry Ford II hing chia se triet ly lanh dao ciia ong ta voi minh, vai nam truoc khi Iacocca tra thanh muc neu ciia ong. Ford da noi: "Diing tao cho nhan vien duoi quyen cam thay qua thoai mai. Diing de ho cam thay de chiu va tu tao cho ban than loi di. Hay luon lam nhung dieu trai ngupc voi nhung gi hp mong dpi. Hay tao cho hp tam ly 1P au va khong on djnh."
Ca hai Henry Ford da mac sai lam trong Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc. Thay vi tim kiem ung vien cho vj tri lanh dao, dao tao hp, trao cho hp nhung nguon luc, quyen han, trach
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
nhiem, roi dat ra muc tieu cho hp phan dau, d day, ngudi ta lai khuyen khich pha hoai nhiing thanh vien xuat sac nhat chi vi ly do khong an toan ciia ban than. Con ban, neu mudn trd thanh mpt lanh dao thanh cong, ban phai trd thanh ngudi biet chia se quyen luc. Cung nhu Theodore Roosevelt da phat hien ra: "Nha lanh dao xuat sac nhat la nguoi co the chpn dupe ngudi cd kha nang hoan thanh cdng viec anh ta mudn, va kiem che ban than khdng xen vao cong viec ma ngudi do dang lam."
NH0NG TRO NGAI KHI CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
Cac nha phan tich ky nang lanh dao gom Lynne McFarland, Larry Senn va John Childress da khang dinh: "Phuong thiic lanh dao chia se quyen luc khdng co su ngu trj ciia "quyen luc do chiic danh" ma vai trd lanh dao dupe trao cho tat ca mpi nguoi de hp co the cong Khd nang thanh cdng phu hien tat ca kha nang ciia minh." thuoc vdo khd nang chia se Chi cd nhung ngudi biet chia se quyen luc tit sip. quyen luc mdi cd the lam viec het nang suat. Khi nha lanh dao khdng the chia se quyen luc, hay khdng lam dieu dd ddi vdi nhung ngudi khac, thi anh ta dang lap dat mdt he thd'ng barrier trong td chiic ciia chinh minh khien mpi ngudi khdng the vupt qua. Neu nhiing can trd ton tai lau trong to chiic, mpi ngudi se ra di hoac chuyen den mpt td chiic khac, noi hp co the cdng hien vdi toan bp hieu suat trong kha nang ciia hp.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
Tai sao lai co mot so nha lanh dao chdng lai Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc? Hay de y mdt so ly do sau day:
Muc tieu chd dung an toan
Ke thu so' mot cua Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc la muc tieu ch6 Cdch duy nhat de khdng dung an toan. Nhung nha lanh thdnh ngudi thiia la ldm dao yeu kem lo lang neu hp giiip cho minh trd nen can thiet. bp phan cap dudi, hp se trd thanh ke ra ria. Nhung su that dd lai la each duy nhat giiip ban duy tri duoc su can thiet, co ich ciia ban than. Hay ndi each khac, neu ban cd kha nang chia se quyen luc vdi nhung ngudi khac, giiip hp phat trien, hp se co kha nang thuc hien cong viec ciia ban, va ban trd nen rat co gia tri, huu ich va can thiet cho to chiic.
Chdng lai thay ddi
Tac gia doat giai Nobel, John Steinbeck da ndi: "Viec mpt ngudi thupc the he cu phan khang lai su thay ddi, dac biet la thay ddi cd y nghia rich cue ciing la dieu tu nhien." Va cung rat tu nhien, chia se quyen luc mang den su thay ddi bdi vi no khich le mpi ngucri phat trien va ddi mdi. Thay ddi la cai gia ciia su hen bp.
Thieu y chi
Co rat nhieu ngudi dat dupe nhung gia tri ca nhan va coi trpng vi tri lam viec ciia hp. Neu mudn thay ddi, ban phai
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
thay doi ca y chi ciia ho. Noi each khac, theo tac gia Buck Rogers: "Doi voi nhiing ngudi tu tin, thay doi la mot tac nhan boi vi ho tin rang ben canh minh dang co mot ai do co the tao nen su anh hudng va khac biet. Nhung ngudi nay co the lam viec va co kha nang thiic day." Hp ciing la nhiing ngudi biet chia se quyen luc.
LANH DAO THONG QUA PHAT TRIEN NGLfOl KHAC
Chi co nhung nha lanh dao chac chan mdi cd kha nang bo qua lpi ich ca nhan ciia minh. Mark Twain da co lan nhan manh rang, nhiing viec trpng dai chi co the xay ra khi ban khong quan tam ai se dupe nhan lpi ich tir no. Nhung ban co the di xa hon sau do. Tdi tin rang dieu trpng dai nhat chi co the xay ra khi ban phan chia lpi ich cho mpi ngudi. Do la each thiic hoat dpng ciia Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc. Co lan ung cii vien phd tong thd'ng, Do dd'c James B. Stockdale da phat bieu: "Lanh dao phai dua tren Bieu trong dai nhat chi co thien chi... Dieu dd cd nghia la the'xdyra khi ban phan toan tam, toan y giiip do nhiing chia loi kh cho moi ngubi. nguoi nam dudi su lanh dao ciia — -— minh. Nhung nha lanh dao ma chiing ta can la nhung ngudi cd trai tim nhan hau, hieu qua va cdng hien quen minh. Nhung nhiing nha lanh dao do khdng bao gid het viec de lam, khong bao gid het ngudi di theo. Nghe cd ve la, nhung nhung nha lanh dao kiet xuat co
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NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
duoc quyen luc bang each chia se quyen luc cho nhung ngucri khac."
Mot trong nhung nha lanh dao v! dai nhat ciia My da trao tang quyen luc va siic manh cho nguoi khac la Abraham Lincoln. Nguoi ta de dang nhan thay tu chat lanh dao chac chan ciia Lincoln qua each ong lua chon thanh vien cho noi cac ciia minh. Hau het cac tong thong deu di theo con duong to chiic lien minh. Nhung Lincoln thi khong. Khi dat nude roi vao cupc khiing hoang, du luan on ao, Lincoln da thanh lap mpt to chiic lanh dao bao gdm nhung ngudi se thd'ng nhat, doan ket dang ciia dng va mang den nhung siic manh thii thach khac nhau. Co lan nha tieu sii hpc nghien ciiu ve dng da de cap den phuong thiic nay:
Chuyen ong lua chpn chinh nhung doi thii chinh tri lam thanh vien npi cic ciia minh la dieu chua tung xay ra; nhung su chac chan, an toan ma ong mang lai da khien tat ca nhung ke doi lap da quen di tu tuong loi keo ma hp da tru dinh. Hanh dpng do the hien ring Lincoln that long muon nhung nguoi co van ciia ong cung manh me nhu ong. Do la mpt tro choi khong co su so hai bi va'p nga hay su met moi do lam vipc qua siic, ma hp dupe the hien ban chat ciia minh, tir nhiing nguoi chat phac, tham chi ngay tho trong siic manh lanh dao ciia Lincoln.
Lincoln da sdng trong siic manh ciia Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc. Su an toan ciia ong da tao cho ong su tu tin de chia se siic manh ciia minh cho nhung ngudi khac.
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
TIM KIEM NHL7NG NHA LANH DAO M A N H ME DE TRAO QUYEN
Kha nang chia se quyen luc ciia Lincoln da duoc the hien rat ro trong moi quan he cua ong voi tuong linh trong cupc noi chien. Trong nhung buoi dau, ong gap rat nhieu kho khan khi tim kiem nhung nguoi xung dang ong tin tuong. Khi nhung bang phia Nam ly khai, nhung tuong linh xuat sac nhat da dong loat di theo hp. Nhung Lincoln khong bao gio mat di niem tin, hay mat di su tin tuong trao sii menh cung nhu siic manh va su tu do cho nhung nguoi mang trpng trach chi huy, cho dii chien lupc ciia ong da timg that bai boi vi vai tudng linh trudc do.
Vi du, thang 6 nam 1863, Lincoln da giao quyen chi huy quan Potomac cho tudng George G. Meade. Lincoln hy vpng vj tudng nay se hoan thanh nhiem vu tot hon nhung vi tudng tien nhiem la Ambrose E. Burnside va Joseph Hooker. Trong nhiing gid phut ma Meade thi hanh nhiem vu, tong thdng da dua ngudi mang thu tdi cho dng. Thdng diep ciia tong thd'ng co doan:
Nhin nhan tinh hinh, khong ai co the nhan dupe nhung menh lenh quan trpng hon; toi khong bao gio may may nghi ngo kha nang hoan thanh nhiem vu ma Chinh phii da tin tudng giao pho cho Dai tuong. Dai tuong se khong con vap phai bat ky mpt ngan tro nao nua tii nhung co quan dau nao. Quan dpi ciia Dai tudng se tu do hanh dpng theo su danh gia tinh hinh va quyet dinh ciia Dai tudng. Dai tudng se cd toan quyen chi huy tat ca nhung luc lupng trpng su quan ly ciia Dai tudng va hp se phai tuan thii su chi huy ciia ngai.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
Va ket qua, thii thach ah tuong cua Meade da den voi ong qua tran danh 6 Gettysburg, mot thi tran nho ciia Pennsylvania. Do la thii thach de ong co the kiem nghiem siic manh quyen luc ciia ciia minh. Khi cupc chien ket thiic, Meade khong phai la mpt dai tuong da the hien het nhung quyen luc ma Lincoln trao cho ong. Quyen luc ay da dupe the hien qua Ulysses S. Grant, ong da lam thay doi cue dien cupc chien. Song Meade da co cong chan dung quan ciia Lee khi chiing hanh quan, va ngan chan Lien quan tran toi Washington.
Siic manh ciia Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc ciia Lincoln cung kien dinh nhu nhung gi ma Henry Muon day moi ngudi bai tru. Tham chi khi tuong s! mac xudng thap, ban ciing phai sai lam, ong da khien trach hp. xudng theo. Chuyen gia Donald T. Phillip, nguoi chuyen nghien cuu ve Lincoln da ghi nhan: "Trong sudt cupc chien tranh, Lincoln da luon the hien tinh than chiu trach nhiem truoc xa hpi ve cupc chien that bai hay ke ca nhung co hpi bi mat." Lincoln da co kha nang kien cuong trong cupc chien va tiep tuc duy tri viec giao pho trach nhiem cho nguoi khac tren nen tang chac chan ciia minh.
SUC MANH CUA SU" CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
Bi quyet de chia se quyen luc cho nhung nguoi khac la niem tin manh me voi mpi nguoi. Toi da cam thay minh that may man vi tin tuong vao ngudi khac la viec rat de dang vdi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
toi. Gan day, toi da nhan duoc la thu tu mpt nguoi khong phai la thanh vien cua gia dinh, nguoi ma toi da phai rat kho khan moi co the chia se quyen luc vdi cau ay. Cau ay la Dan Reiland. Dan la muc su pho d nha thd Skyline, thdi toi con lam viec d do. Hien tai, cau ay da la pho chu tich phat trien lanh dao o INJOY. Dan viet:
Kinh giii Tien si John!
Nen tang ciia tu van la den de vupt qua. Toi dang duoc moi day ve chii de Chia se Quyen luc! Toi da nhan thay, toi chi co the lam duoc cong viec nay khi dupe thay chii dpng uy quyen. Cai ngay ma thay da mao hiem chpn toi va dua toi len vi tri muc su chap chinh van con in dam ro rang trong tam tri toi. Thay da tin tuong trao cho toi su menh va trach nhiem to Ion, lam nhiem vu lanh dao nhan vien va hpi dong giao doan... Thay da hy sinh va chia se voi toi quyen han ciia thay... Thay da tin 6 toi - co the con cao hon ca niem tin ciia toi doi vdi chinh ban than minh. Thay da chiing minh niem tin va su chac chan ciia thay cho tdi cung nhu tdi da cd the chung minh dieu dd va sau nay, no da trd thanh ciia rieng tdi...
Tdi that su mang on thay vi nhung anh hudng ciia thay lam thay dd'i cudc ddi tdi. Ldi cam cm tdi thay se khdng bao gid la dii. Va co the ldi ndi "Tdi kinh trpng va ghi nhan cdng on thay" se diing hon. Cd le con dudng dep nhat ma tdi muon the hien long biet on dd'i vdi thay la mang nhung gi da dupe thay ban tang chia se vdi nhung ngudi lanh dao khac trong cupc ddi minh.
Kinh thu, Dan
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NGUYEN TAC CHIA SE QUYEN LUC
Toi cung cam on Dan vi nhung gi cau ay da lam cho toi, va toi tin ring cau ay da lam cho toi nhieu hon nhung gi toi da lam cho cau ay. Va toi that su thoai mai trong thoi gian giiip cau ay trau doi nang luc. Thuc te, chia se quyen luc la mpt siic manh - khong chi cho ngudi dupe chia se phat trien, ma cho ca ban than ngudi da chia se siic manh. Lam cho ngudi khac Idn manh, ban cung trd nen Idn manh. Dan da lam cho toi trd len hoan thien hon ca nhung gi co trong ban than tdi, khong phai nhung gi cau ay giiip toi dat dupe Ion hon nhung gi toi cd the tu minh hoan tat, ma bdi vi toan bp hen trinh da giiip tdi trd thanh mdt nha lanh dao tot hon. Do la nhung tac dong ciia Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc.
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1 3
N G U Y E N T A C T A I T A O
Dao tao lanh dao bang mot nha lanh dao
T rong nhung buoi dien thuyet ciia minh ve nghe thuat
lanh dao to chiic nam nay, toi da den hanh mpt cuoc tham do nham tim ra yeu to'thiic day nhiing nguoi tham gia muon tro thanh lanh dao. Ket qua toi co duoc nhu sau:
HO TRO THANH LANH DAO NHLf THE NAO
Nang luc tu nhien 10% Ket qua hi khiing hoang 5% Anh hudng boi mpt lanh dao khac 85%
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Neu ban danh thoi gian suy nghi ve nhung tac nhan co ban trong nghe thuat lanh dao, chac chan ban se khong ngac nhien voi nhung chi so nay. Thuc te, diing la chi co mot so it nguoi buoc len vi tri lanh dao do to chiic ciia hp gap phai khiing hoang, va hp bupc phai lam cong viec ay. Mot nhom nho khac duoc tap hpp bdi nhung nguoi duoc thiia huong nang luc lanh dao tu nhien, va hp nhan ra hp co the lanh dao duoc to chiic bang chinh con dudng rieng ciia hp. Nhung hon 80% nha lanh dao, cd dupe pham chat lanh dao bang anh hudng dupe tao dung thong qua viec hpc hoi nhung nguoi giau kinh nghiem. Dieu do co the xay ra theo quy luat ciia Nguyen tac Tai tao. No dan den viec mpt nha lanh dao boi dudng, phat trien va tao dung nen mpt nha lanh dao khac.
RAT NHIEU NGUCfl D A M LEN D A U C H A N CUA HQ
Trong cac ca nhan tdi tien hanh khao sat, co 1/3 la nhiing nha lanh dao trong linh vuc kinh doanh, va 2/3 la nhiing nha lanh dao thupc linh vuc tdn giao. Nhung ket qua hoan toan giong nhau trong bat ky moi trudng lanh dao nao. Vi du, ban cd the tim thay Nguyen tac Tai tao xay ra trong linh vuc bong da. Ban cd biet dudng hudng phat trien va dao tao cua mdt mia nhung huan luyen vien trudng ciia NFL (nam 1998) deu mang dau an cua hai huan luyen vien chuyen nghiep trudc do - Bill Walsh va Tom Landry? Muoi huan luyen vien true thupc NFL da danh hang nam hoac
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NGUYEN TAC TAI TAO
tham chi' lau hon de lam viec cung voi huan luyen vien Bill Walsh, nguoi da ba lan gianh ngoi vo dich Super Bowl hoac cung nhung cong su xuat sac do chinh ong dao tao. Nam huan luyen vien NFL cung duoc Tom Landry - nguoi hai lan gianh chien thang Super Bowl true tiep dao tao hoac gian tiep chiu anh huong thong qua nguoi tro ly da hoc hoi duoc rat nhieu 6 ong.
Gan nhu tat ca nhung huan luyen vien thanh cong o NFL deu da danh thoi gian lam viec voi nhung lanh dao gioi, ho da chi bao va lam guong cho nhung huan luan vien nay. Them vao do, nhung huan luyen vien chiu anh huong true hep tu nhung huan luyen vien nhu Walsh hay Landry duoc ke den nhu: Dave Wannstedt, cung da mang den hai chiic vo dich Super Bowl, Jimmy Johnson va cac huan luyen vien truong Bill Cowher va Tony Dungy ciing da co mot khoang thoi gian day an tuong ciing voi Marty Schottenheimer 6 Kansas. Mot lanh dao gay dung va phat trien, boi duong cho mpt lanh dao khac la dieu rat can thiet.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
SO DO ANH HUONG Tl/ HUAN LUYEN VIEN DOI 49ERS, BILL WALSH DEN CAC HUAN LUYEN VIEN TRLfONG
NFL HIEN NAY
Mike Holmgren' 1
Steve Mariucci
| BILL WALSH77^
George Seifert" Bruce Coslet
Mike Shanahan"
Denis Green
Ray Rhodes
Pete Carroll
Jeff Fisher
Jon Gruden
SO DO ANH HUONG Ttf HUAN LUYEN VIEN DOI COWBOYS, TOM LANDRY DEN CAC HUAN LUYEN VIEN
TRLfONG NFL HIEN NAY
| TOM LANRY""]
Dan Reeves Mike Ditka"
Wade Phillips Vince Tobin
Chan Gailey " Huan luyen vien doi doat cup Super howl
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NGUYEN TAC TAl TAO
CO NGUfJ I AP DUNG, CO NGUOI KHONG
Trong chuong Nguyen tac Ton trong, toi da giai thich rang moi ngudi co xu hudng tu nhien tuan theo nha lanh dao nao manh me, gidi giang hon ban than. Tuong tu, chi co nhung nha lanh dao mdi cd kha nang phat trien va gay dung nen nha lanh dao khac. Mpi ngudi khong the cho ngudi khac thu ma hp khdng co. Va nhung ngudi chi biet tuan thii thi don gian la khong cd hem Moi ngudi khong the cho
u ', L iu- u 1- u ^ nguoi khde thit ma ho nang de phat trien thanh lanh dao. 6
... _ , , „ , , - , khong co. Vd nhung nguoi Nhung cung khong co nghia mpt * , a a
. chi biet tudn thii hoan nguoi da la nha lanh dao phai . . . . , „,
, , toan khong co tiem nang nhat thiet md rdng, phat trien x , , , , . , .
' ° r frcr thanh lanh dao. nhung nha lanh dao khac. Khac vdi nhung huan luyen vien Bill — Walsh, George Seifert hay Tom Landry thi Vince Lombardi - ciing la mdt huan luyen vien loi lac va la nha lanh dao theo each rieng ciia minh, nhung ong da khdng xay dung hay dao tao bat ke mdt huan luyen vien gioi nao de di theo vet chan ciia ong.
Tai sao nha lanh dao nao ciing phat trien nhung nha lanh dao khac? Cd rat nhieu ly do. Ddi khi hp khong nhan ra nhung gia tri to Idn trong cdng cupc phat trien lanh dao. (Tdi se noi ky hon trong Nguyen tac Phat trien Bung no.) Cd ngudi thi tap trung chii y qua nhieu tdi nhung ngudi tuan thii, trao cho hp qua nhieu, den noi chang con gi de lai cho
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
nhung nguoi cot can. Toi ngo rang, Vince Lombardi la mot truong hop tuong tu. Con trong cac truong hop khac, co the chi vi ly do so mat an toan. Nguyen tac Chia se Quyen luc da chi ra rang chi nhung nha lanh dao chac chan, khong au lo moi co the gia tang sue manh cho nguoi khac.
Khi con nho, ban da bao gio choi tro choi Di theo thu linh chua? Toi da choi tro choi ay. Tham chi sau do toi con muon la thu linh. Ban co con nho ban da phai lam gi khi dung 6 dang trudc trong tro choi ay khdng? Ban co nhiem vu la co gang lam cho nhung ngudi theo ban lam sai rdi bat hp va day hp ve phia dang sau theo cai dudi ciia ban. Cung giong nhu khi choi tro choi nhay ngua trong san bong rd. Ban phai netn bong that kho, sao cho ngudi khac khong the lam theo. Va neu ban giong tdi, ban co san d nha va ban nem trai bong ma nhung diia tre khac khong the lam theo, ban co the chdt ha dupe trd choi. Van de ciia tro choi Di theo thu linh la chien thang, ban phai chien thang nhung nguoi khac. Do la con dudng ngupc chieu vdi con dudng xay dung nhung nha lanh dao.
Nam ngoai, toi da to chiic hdi thao ve lanh dao d Jakarta, Indonesia, tdi day hp ve Nguyen tac Tai tao va ke ve tro choi Di theo thu linh. Tdi da mdi vai nguoi tinh nguyen buoc len san kha'u de chi cho hp xem dieu gi se xay ra khi mpt nha lanh dao co gang day hp xudng thay vi xay dung hp. Mpt ngudi tinh nguyen diing dang trudc toi va hai tay toi nam lay hai ba vai anh ay. Sau do, tdi bat dau day anh ay xudng. Toi cang mudn day anh ay thap xuong, thi tdi cang phai ghi ngudi toi xudng. Toi cang mudn day anh ay di thap, thi toi
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NGUYEN TAC TAI TAO
cung cang phai gu minh xudng de di. Dieu do cung dung vdi con dudng ma lanh dao di: mudn day ai xudng thap, anh cung phai xudng theo.
KE BACH CHIEN BACH THANG KHONG LO
Mpt trong nhung cau chuyen ma tdi rat thich dung de dien giai Nguyen tac Tai tao la cau chuyen ve David va Goliath ciia Israsel thdi cd dai.* Khi quan Philistines bao vay, tan cdng Vua Saul va ngudi dan Israel, Goliath, mdt ten khdng Id thien chien da dua ra mdt thach thiic. Han ndi: "Hay chpn lay mdt ngudi va no se xudng day vdi ta. Neu no dii manh de chien dau vdi ta va ha duoc ta, thi chung tao se lam no le cho chiing bay..." Va ai la nguoi da buoc ra de nghenh chien vdi ldi thach dau ay? Khdng phai dng vua Saul vi dai, cung khdng phai nhung dung tudng dudi chuong ciia dng. David, mdt cau thanh nien chan cuu, da budc ra nghenh chien bang mpt chiec na thun, ban mpt hdn da vao thang tran ten khdng Id. Ten chien binh khdng Id do vat xudng, va David da cat dau ten chien binh ay bang chinh ludi guom ciia han.
Tat ca chiing ta deu ha he vdi cau chuyen dd vi tat ca chiing ta deu ling hp nhung ngudi bi thua thiet nhu David. Nhung cung rat nhieu ngudi chua biet dupe phan sau cua cau chuyen. David cung da trudng thanh va trd thanh mdt chien binh, roi trd thanh vua. Tren con dudng chinh phuc
'Cau chuyen trong Kinh Thanh (phan Ciru uac) ISm 17,9 - DG.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
ay, ong da xay dung va huan luyen mpt dpi chien binh thien xa, hp dupe menh danh la "Nhung dung si vi dai". Khong it hon nam nguoi trong so ho da tro thanh chien binh bach chien bach thang, giong nhu thii linh ciia hp. Lieu Vua Saul, ong vua tien nhiem co dat dupe dieu do? Khong. Dieu do chi xay ra voi nhung nguoi hoan thanh cong viec bang chinh nang luc ban than va tro thanh ngudi bach chien bach thang. Roi hp huan luyen va cho ra doi nhiing chien binh thien chien khac. Dieu do co nghia la diing nhung nha lanh dao de xay dung nhiing nha lanh dao khac.
CHUNG TA DAY DIEU MINH BIET -CHUNG TA T A I TAO CHINH CHUNG TA
Toi may man vi dupe sinh ra va Ion len trong mpt gia dinh ciia mpt thii linh thuc thu: cha toi, ong Melvin Maxwell. Khi con nho, ngay nao cung vay, toi dupe hpc nhung bai hpc ve each lam viec voi mpi nguoi, hieu dupe nhiing uu tien, tu tu duong ban than bang ke hoach phat trien ca nhan, nham timg buoc tra gia de nam bat dupe nghe thuat lanh dao. Co mpt so dieu toi da dupe hpc tir chinh cha minh. Nhung phan Ion toi hpc dupe tir cupc sdng ciia ong, quan sat each ong hanh xir vdi mpi ngudi va hpc each suy nghi ciia ong. Va ket qua, khi hoc dai hpc, toi da co su hieu biet va co true giac sau sac ve lanh dao hon han cac ban ciing ldp. Tir dd, tdi tiep tuc nghien ciru hpc hdi ve lanh dao. Va tdi tim nhiing nha lanh dao xuat sac de noi guong va hpc hoi tir hp.
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NGUYEN TAC TAI TAO
Neu ban muon tiep tuc phat trien thanh mpt nha lanh dao, ban nen lam giong nhu toi da lam. Danh thoi gian voi nhung nha lanh dao kiet xuat ma ban co the tim kiem. Neu ban dang bat dau, thi ban co the muon danh thoi gian cho nhung dong nghiep de hieu sau sac hon ve linh vuc cua minh. Nhung khi da co nen tang do, ban co the hpc ve lanh dao tu nhieu nguoi vdi nhung chuyen mon khac nhau. Toi da hpc tu nhung thuong gia, kinh doanh, muc su, chinh tri gia, tudng linh, cau thu,... Bat ke chuyen mon cua hp la gi thi nhung nguyen tac lanh dao van khong he thay ddi.
Khong phai ai cung hieu ngay dupe dieu do. Cach day vai nam, toi noi vdi anh Larry ciia tdi rang toi se danh thdi gian nhieu hon de giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao trong gidi kinh doanh, anh ay da hoai nghi. Larry la mpt doanh nhan bam sinh. Anh ay da kinh doanh co lai ngay tu dp tudi 20, va anh ay da ngdi vao ghe hpi ddng quan tri vai tap doan, la co dong cho mpt trudng dai hpc. Do do, anh ay da khong bao gid co suy nghi rang nhung doanh nhan lai di hpc nghe thuat lanh dao tu mpt ngudi von la mdt muc su. Nhung vdi toi, toi biet rang lanh dao la lanh dao; nhung nguyen tac dupe ap dung bat ke ban lam viec trong linh vuc nao. Toi bat dau giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao cho nhung td* chiic nhu Cau lac bp Sam, Wal-Mart, Mary Kay va Baillie Lumber, mpi ngudi da nhan ra he qua tii nhung nguyen tac lanh dao va hp con td ra mudn dupe nghe va giai thich them. Tai sao nhiing ngudi ciia nhiing tap doan Idn lai di tim kiem gdp y hi mpt ngudi dang lanh dao nhung cong ty nho nhu vay? Bdi vi hp hieu dupe ban chat ciia Nguyen ly Tai tao. Hp da
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
tham thi'a rang mot nha lanh dao co the tai tao ra nhung nha lanh dao khac - trong bat ke mpt linh vuc nao.
BUTJC KE TIEP
Chi co mpt con duong duy nhat giiip ban trau doi, tai tao ra nhung nha lanh dao, la ban phai trd thanh mot nha lanh dao tot hon. Neu ban da thuc hien dupe buoc thii nhat, thi ban se dupe de bat len vi tri chi huy. Liic do, ban da dung 6 mpt vi tri bat dau de co the xay dung nhung nha lanh dao khac. Khi ban da bat dau thuc hien sii menh tim kiem, phat trien nhiing nha lanh dao, ban phai luon nghi rang lanh dao la nguoi tai tao ra lanh dao.
Birc tranh toan canh
Tat ca mpi giang vien co uy tin ciia bo mon nghe thuat lanh dao deu dat su nghiep dao tao cac nha lanh dao la uu tien cao nhat trong cupc song ciia minh. Hp biet rang, nang luc ciia mpt to chiic phu thupc vao su phat trien ciia nguoi lanh dao to chiic do. Nang luc lanh dao cang cao, thi kha nang thanh cong cang Ion.
Thu hut cac lanh dao tl4m nang
Ban co the da tung nghe cau noi nay ciia Ross Perot: "Nhung nha lanh dao khong phai la bay dan. Ban chi co the rim kiem dupe mpt nguoi trong timg thdi ky." Dieu do hoan toan chinh xac. Nhung Nguyen tac Hap dan cung da gpi y
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NGUYEN TAC TAI TAO
rang, neu ban da phat trien nhung pham chat lanh dao ciia ban than, ban se co kha nang loi cuon nhiing nguoi co pham chat lanh dao tuong dong. Neu thuc hien duoc dieu do, ban se nhan lai su ton trpng ciia hp, ban se co co hoi phat trien hp tro thanh nhung nha lanh dao gioi hon.
Not dai bang lam td
Mpt moi truong ma trong do, nghe thuat lanh dao dupe danh gia cao va duoc truyen dat lai, se tro thanh mot thii tai san gia tri cho su nghiep dao tao lanh dao. No khong chi la noi hap dan, loi cuon "nhung chii chim dai bang", ma con giiip "dai bang" hpc each bay. Moi truong nay la noi nhung nha lanh dao vach ra tam nhin, thiic day, khuyen khich sang tao, chap nhan nii ro, va ghi nhan thanh qua. Hay ben bi voi su nghiep do, ban se gay dung nen mpt thii van hoa lanh dao, noi dai bang ciing nhau bay ve xay to.
TAC DONG
Khi ban da hieu duoc Nguyen tac Tai tao, ban se nhan ra nhiing tac dpng to Ion trong mpt to chiic. Neu trong to chiic co mpt lanh dao toi thi tac dpng dp la tieu cue, lam cho to chiic ngay cang di xudng. Nhung neu cdng ty cd nhiing nha lanh dao gidi - va ho tiep tuc dao tao, boi dudng lan nhau -thi yeu to lanh dao se ngay cang phat trien.
Mdt cdng ty cd lpi the lanh dao rat manh, cd quy trinh phat trien rat ky luong, nen da khdng chi mang lai tac dpng
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
lam cho cong ty minh dung vao hang ngu cao nhat the giai, ma con mang lai anh huong to Ion ddi vdi cac hoat dpng kinh doanh khac. Do la trudng hpp cua General Electric, do Jack Welch lanh dao. GE da trd thanh cdng ty Idn nhat, hoat dpng hieu qua nhat the gidi, ddng thdi duy tri su nghiep dao tao lanh dao. Tren thuc te, cong ty nay da mat di nhieu nha lanh dao co nang luc hon bat ky mdt cdng ty nao, nhung cung co kha nang dao tao va phat trien mdt dpi ngii lanh dao an tupng trong qua trinh hoat dpng.
Ciing nhu trong gidi bong da chuyen nghiep, kha nang ciia nha lanh dao co the bat ngudn tit nhung nguon luc thong thudng. Vay General Electric da lam the nao? Truoc het, phat trien lanh dao la muc tieu uu tien hang dau ciia cong ty. Cdng ty da danh hon 500 trieu dd-la chi cho viec dao tao va phat trien dpi ngii lanh dao ngay tai hpc vien ciia chinh hp, Hpc vien Crotovill, vdn dupe menh danh la "Tap doan Harvard My." Nhung cd le yeu to quan trpng hon ca la cdng ty cd dupe su dieu hanh ciia mdt nha lanh dao kiet xuat - Jack Welch.
Tat ca deu bat dau tir tren cao nhat, bdi nhiing nha lanh dao se phat trien, dao tao nen nhung lanh dao khac. Ngudi nam dudi quyen lanh dao, chi biet tuan thii se khdng the lam dupe viec dd. Tham chi, nhung chuong trinh mang tinh chinh thdng ciing khdng the lam dupe. Chi cd the la timg ngudi tim kiem, phat hien ra dd'i tupng tiem nang, chi cho hp thay, bdi dudng cho hp. Dd chinh la Nguyen tac Tai tao.
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1 4
N G U Y E N T A C T I N C A Y
Moi nguoi tin cdy nhd lanh dao truoc khi tin cay tdm nhin
A T iia thu nam 1997, toi ciing mot so'nhan vien co co hpi •LVX den tham dat nude An Dp va tham gia mpt cupc hpi thap ve nghe thuat lanh dap. An Dp la mpt dat nude ky la, chua dung day nhung su trai ngupc. Mpt dat nude dep vdi con ngucri am ap va hieu khach, song cung cd hang trieu, hang trieu ngucri phai sdng dudi miic ngheo khd', ngheo den noi khdng the tudng tupng. No lam cho toi nhd den nhung npi dung ciia Nguyen tac Tin cay.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Toi khong bao gio co the quen duoc giay phut ha canh 6 san bay quo'c te Delhi. Trong long xon xang, toi co cam giac nhu vua buoc toi mot hanh tinh khac. Dau dau cung dong nghet ngudi. Nguoi thi di xe dap, nguoi thi chay 6 to, ngudi thi cuoi lac da, nguoi thi cuoi voi. Duong pho' dong nghet, song ciing co day ngudi nga lung ngay ben ve dudng de ngii. Con trau bo, thii vat thi tu do di lai bat ke cho nao. Va tat ca deu chuyen dong. Khi chiing tdi dang tren dudng chinh de tdi khach san, tdi quan sat mdt sd' nhiing hoat dpng dang dien ra d day. Co, bieu ngii giang chang chit. Bat ke chd nao ciing cd, chiing tdi cd the thay nhiing bieu ngu mung Le ky niem 50 nam giai phong An Dp vdi nhung biic hinh Mahatma Gandhi khd Idn.
Ngay nay, mpi nguoi ludn kinh trpng va ton Gandhi la mdt nha lanh dao ldi lac. Nhiing cau chuyen ve nghe thuat lanh dao ciia dng that su chua dung nhung ndi dung co ban cua Nguyen tac Tin cay. Mahatma cd nghia la "Linh hdn vi dai", ten that ciia dng la Mohandas K. Gandhi, da dupe dao tao tai London. Sau khi tot nghiep Cii nhan Luat, dng trd lai An Dp, rdi sau dd thuc hien hanh trinh sang Nam Phi. Ong da lam viec sudt 20 nam d dd vdi cuong vi la mpt luat su va la mpt nha hoat dpng chinh tri. Cung chinh trong thdi gian do, dng da phat trien kha nang lanh dao va trd thanh mpt nha lanh dao thirc thu, chien dau bao ve nhan quyen cho nhan dan An Dp va cho dan tpc thieu sd', nhung ngudi cung dang bi de nang, bj ap biic bdi chinh sach phan biet chiing tpc ciia chinh phii Nam Phi.
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NGUYEN TAC TIN CAY
Nam 1914, ong hoi huong ve An Dp, va ong da hieu rat sau sac tinh canh dat nude minh, that su cam thong vdi nhung ngudi dan que huong minh. Nhung nam tiep theo, ong da lanh dao nhung cupc bieu tinh va dinh cdng tren khap ca nude, mpi ngudi di theo va tim kiem su lanh dao ciia ong ngay cang ddng. Nam 1920 - dung sau nam ke tu ngay dng trd lai An Dp - dng da dupe bau lam Chu tich Hiep hpi Tu tri Toan An.
Dieu dang noi nhat ve Gandhi — :— khong phai ong la nha lanh dao cua m - m h ^ ^ ^ hp, ma dieu dac biet d dng la kha ^ & ma> s m d 6 U m k i t m
nang thay dd'i chien lupc nham moi nguoi. Con moi gianh lai tu do cho dat nude. Trudc ngwai thi tim kii'm nhd khi ong giu trong trach lanh dao lanh dao, sau do moi dan tpc, mpi ngudi dang theo duoi tim kiem giac mo. con dudng dau tranh vu trang de dat dupe muc dich. Hp thuc hien nhung cupc bieu tinh, bai cdng trong sudt nhieu nam de chong lai ach dd hp cua thuc dan Anh. Nhung chien lupc cua Gandhi cho cudc dau tranh cua ngudi dan An Dp thay ddi, dua tren nhung cupc dau tranh bat bao dpng bang each khong tuan phuc. Cd lan dng da ndi: "Bat bao dpng la hinh thuc dau tranh manh me nhat cua cpn ngudi. Sue manh cua no con manh me hon tat ca nhung vu khi td'i tan nhat ma con ngudi tao ra."
Gandhi da thu thach nguoi dan bang con dudng bat tuan phuc va khdng hpp tac. Tham chi khi quan dpi Anh da tan sat hon mdt nghin ngudi d Amritsar nam 1919 thi Gandhi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
van keu gpi nguoi dan dau tranh bat bao dpng. Loi keo mpi ngudi theo con dudng cua ong khong he don gian chut nao. Nhung mpi ngudi da hoan toan tin tudng vao su lanh dao ciia ong, tuan thii tam nhin chien hroc ciia ong. Va hp da toan tam toan y di theo dng. Khi ong yeu cau hp khong danh tra, hp cung ngiing chien dau. Khi ong keu gpi mpi ngudi dot quan ao do nude ngoai san xuat va se tuyet doi sii dung quan ao truyen thong, san xuat ndi dia, hang trieu ngudi trong so hp da hudng ling. Khi dng quyet dinh to chiic mpt cudc bieu tinh chdng Dao luat Mud'i ciia chinh quyen dd ho Anh, cung da thu hut nhiing nha lanh dao qudc gia ciing di theo dng hon 200 dam tdi tan thanh phd Dandi nhung sau dd tat ca moi ngudi deu bi chinh quyen bat giam.
Cudc dau tranh gianh dpc lap dan tdc ciia hp that dai dang va dau ddn, nhung su lanh dao ciia Gandhi dii manh me de cd the dam bao thuc hien dupe ldi hiia ciia dng vdi hp. Nam 1947, hp da gianh dupe quyen tu tri. Vi mpi ngudi hoan toan tin cay d Gandhi, nen chap nhan ngay chien lupc ciia dng. Mdt khi hp da tuan theo tam nhin dd, hp se thuc hien dupe. Dd la Nguyen tac Tin cay hoat ddng. Nha lanh dao tim kiem giac mo, sau dd tim kiem mpi nguoi. Con mpi ngucri thi tim kiem nha lanh dao, sau dd mdi tim kiem giac mo.
DUNG LAM NGl/OG LAI
Khi tdi giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao trong cac hpi thao, toi thudng nhan dupe rat nhieu nhung cau hdi ve tam nhin. Va cung da khdng it ngudi den gap true tiep tdi trong thdi gian
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NGUYEN TAC TIN CAY
giai lao, trinh bay doi chut ve cong viec va moi lien quan den tam nhin roi hoi toi: "Thay co nghi la nhung nguoi trong to chiic ciia toi se di theo tam nhin ciia toi khong?". Cau tra loi ciia toi luon la: "Truoc het, hay noi cho toi biet nhung nguoi trong to chiic ciia anh co muon di theo anh hay khong?"
Ban thay day, tat ca moi nguoi khi de cap den van de tam nhin trong nghe thuat lanh dao deu co nhung y nghi ngupc lai. Hp tin rang, neu nhiing dpng co la diing dan, hp se tu dpng di theo. Nhung do khong phai la nhung gi nguoi lanh dao thuc thu tien hanh. Moi nguoi se khong phai di theo nhung ly do chinh dang trudc, ma ho tim kiem va di theo nha lanh dao, ngudi se mang den nhung ly do chinh dang hon. Mpi ngudi se tin tudng nha lanh dao trudc khi hp di theo thuc hien tam nhin ciia dng ay. Hay ghi nhd va thau hieu su thay doi do de lanh dao mpi ngudi.
Cd ngudi tham du nhung ldp giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao timg hdi toi, lieu mpi ngudi cd tuan theo minh hay khdng, thuc chat ciia cau hdi dd chinh la: "Tdi da mang lai ly do chinh dang de hp tin cay minh chua?" Neu cau tra ldi ciia anh ta la cd, thi mpi ngudi trong to chiic ciia anh se rat phan chari di theo tam nhin ciia anh ta. Nhung mpt khi anh khdng tao dung uy tin rude nhung ngudi do minh lanh dao, thi bat ke tam nhin ciia anh co Idn den dau, mpi ngudi cung se khdng lam theo.
Moi ngitbi se khdng phai di theo nhiing ly do chinh ddng truoc, md ho tim kiem vd
di theo nhd lanh dao, ngubi se mang den
nhiing ly do chinh ddng hon.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Toi da timg doc mot bai bao tren Business Week, mieu ta ve nhiing doanh nhan ket hop cung cac nha dau tu mao hiem trong nganh tin hpc. Cong ty Silicon Valley d California la mpt vi du, 6 day co rat nhieu nguoi tham gia vao nganh tin hpc mpt thoi gian roi sau do tu tach ra mo cong ty rieng. Moi ngay, hang tram nguoi trong so hp chay ngupc chay xuoi di tim~ kiem nhung nha dau tu va tir do, hp co the de dang khai thac dupe nhung y tuong kinh doanh tir nhung nguoi muon dau tu. Va rat nhieu nguoi da thanh cong. Nhung khi nguoi to chiic kinh doanh thanh cong, anh ta se rat de dang tim kiem con duong kiem hen tiep do. Rat nhieu lan, nhiing nha dau tu chang hung thii hay cung chang can ban tam den tam nhin ciia dpi ngii to chiic kinh doanh nay nhu the nao. Neu hp muon co nhung ngucri nay thi hp se san sang chap nhan nhiing y tudng cua hp.
Vi du, Judith Estrin va ddng su cua co da thanh lap hai cong ty kinh doanh phan mem. Cd ay ke rang minh da phai mat sau thang de thu thap vdn cho cdng ty dau tien va hien tai chang con lai mot xu, cho dii nhiing y tudng ciia co rat manh me va dam bao hieu qua 100%. Nhung su khdi dpng ciia cdng ty thii hai thi chua day mpt dem. Chinh xac hon, chi can hai cupc gpi den cho cd trong chua day mpt phut, thdng bao ho dong y cho cd vay 5 trieu dd-la. Khi cupc gpi vira ke't thiic, ngay lap hie cd quyet djnh thanh lap cong ty thii hai, va mpi nguoi con vui ve tiep tuc mudn dau tu them tien cho cdng ty nay. Cd ndi: "Nhieu nha dau tu gpi den cho chiing tdi, de nghi chiing tdi sir dung hen ciia hp." Tao sao mpi thii deu thay ddi nhanh chdng vdi cd nhu vay? Do
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NGUYEN TAC TIN LAI
chi'nh la Nguyen tac Tin cay. Moi nguoi da tin cay co nen hp sin sang tin cay bat cii chien luoc nao cua co, do la nhung yeu to vo hinh.
BAN LA MOT THONG DIEP
Tat ca thong diep ma mpi nguoi nhan dupe deu thong qua nhung sii gia, nhung nguoi lam nhiem vu truyen tai thong tin. Neu ban coi sii gia la nhung nguoi dang tin cay, thi ban se tin tuong vao gia tri ciia nhung thong diep hp mang toi. Chinh vi vay, nguoi ta thuong moi dien vien hay van dpng vien noi tieng de quang cao cho san pham. Mpi ngucri mua Nike vi hp da tin tuong Michael Jordan, khong can quan tam chat lupng san pham Mpi ngudi muon di theo do den dau. Tuong tu nhu vay, nhiing quen thuQc vdi ho. dien vien ciing tao nen nhung -— phan ung kich thich thi truong. Vay phai chang hp thue dien vien va bien hp thanh nhung chuyen gia kich cau tieu diing? Thuong la khong. Nhung dieu do khong quan trpng. Mpi nguoi muon nghe theo Charlton Heston khi anh phat ngon cho NRA, khong phai vi mpi ngucri tin anh ay la mpt chuyen gia san ban, ma vi anh la mpt cpn ngucri va la mdt ngdi sao dien anh. Mpt khi mpi ngudi da tin tudng vao ai do, hp san sang tao mpt co hpi cho chien lupc ciia anh ta. Mpi ngudi mudn di theo nhiing ai ma hp da quen thupc.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
V A N DE KHONG PHAI LA CHON MOT TRONG H A I
Ban khong the tich nguoi lanh dao ra khoi su nghiep ma anh ta dang cogang phan dau. Do la viec hoan toan bat kha thi, ke ca ban da co gang den dau. Day khong phai la mdi quan he hoac cai nay, hoac cai kia, ma la hai yeu to luon dong hanh cung nhau. Hay xem bang dudi day. No chi cho ban thay moi ngudi da phan ung trudc mpt nha lanh dao va tam nhin ciia ong ay trong tung hoan canh va tinh hudng nhu the nao:
LANH DAO + TAM NHIN = KET QUA
Khdng tin cdy Khong tin cdy Mai lanh dao khde
Khdng tin cay Tin cdy Mai lanh dao khde
Tin cay Khdng tin cay Thay dd'i tam nhin
Tin cay Tin cay Di theo
Khi mpi nguoi khdng thich m0t nha lanh dao ho$c tSm nhin cua dng ay, ho se tim kiem m0t nha lanh dao khac
Khong co gi kho hieu khi moi nguoi khong thich vi lanh dao hay tam nhin ciia dng ay, hp se khdng di theo ong ay. Khong chi cd vay, hp se cung thuc hien mpt cong viec: Tim kiem mpt nha lanh dao khac.
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NGUYEN TAC TIN CAY
Khi mpi nguoi khong thich lanh dao, nhung lai thich tam nhin ciia dng, hp v i n di tim mpt lanh dao khac
Co the ban ngac nhien voi nhan dinh nay. Cho du mpi nguoi nghi ong ay co mpt ly do chinh dang, neu hp khong thich mot vj lanh dao nao do, hp se chu dpng tim kiem mpt vj lanh dao khac. Va do la ly do rat nhieu huan luyen vien trong the thao thuong xuyen bi thay doi. Tam nhin cho bat ke mpt dpi the thao nao cung giong nhau. Mpi nguoi deu muon chien thang va vo dich. Nhung nhung cau thii thi khong phai liic nao cung yeu thich va tin tudng vao vj lanh dao ciia ho. Va khi ho khong thich, dieu gi se xay ra? Ong chii se chang bao gid sa thai tat ca cac cau thii. Hp chi sa thai vi huan luyen vien va tim kiem mpt ngudi khac ma hp hy vpng nhung cau thii se tin cay ong ay.
Khi mpi ngudi yeu quy lanh dao nhung khdng ddng tinh vdi t i m nhin cua dng, hp se thay ddi t i m nhin
Tham chi khi mpi ngudi khong thich tam nhin ciia vi lanh dao do, nhung hp tin tudng dng ay, hp se di theo ong ay. Ban co the thay tinh huong nay xay ra trong chinh tri. Vi du nhu, trudc day, Hiep hdi Phu nu Hoa Ky (NOW) da len tieng gay gat chdng lai tinh trang quay rdi tinh due. Nhung khi Paula Jones to cao Tong thdng Clinton da cd nhung hanh vi quay roi co, thi NOW van tiep tuc ling hp dng. Tai sao vay? Khdng phai nhung thanh vien trong to chiic dot nhien thay ddi quan diem, chuyen sang chap nhan hanh vi quay ro'i tinh due ma vi ho da lua chpn tin tudng vi lanh dao ciia minh, cho nen hp se bao ve va ling ho vi lanh dao ay.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Khi nhung nguoi duoc lanh dao khong dong tinh voi quan diem ve tam nhin ciia nguoi lanh dao, hp se co rat nhieu each the hien su bat dong quan diem. Doi khi, moi nguoi lam mpi viec de thuyet phuc vi lanh dao ciia hp thay doi quan diem. Co liic ho lai hy sinh quan diem ciia minh va chap nhan di theo quan diem ciia nguoi lanh dao. Co khi, hp lai tim each thoa hiep voi lanh dao ciia ho. Nhung dii bat ke con duong nao thi hp van tin tuong vi lanh dao ciia minh va se khong bao gio roi bo ong ay. Hp van tiep tuc di theo ong.
Khi moi nguoi danh gia cao lanh dao va tim nhin ciia dng, ho s§ di theo dng
Hp se di theo vi lanh dao ciia minh, bat ke dieu kien kho khan the nao, hay nhiing the luc thii djch chong doi hp den dau. Chinh vi the, nhung nguoi dan An Dp trong thai dai Gandhi da khong them danh tra bpn linh dii chiing da gie't hai hp. Va do cung la each co vu chuang trinh ve vii tru ciia My de hoan thanh uac ma ciia John F. Kennedy va dua con nguoi len mat trang. Hay do ciing la ly do mpi nguoi van tiep tuc hy vpng va song mai voi giac ma ciia Martin Luther King Jr., ngay ca khi ong da bj am sat. Dieu do cung da xay ra voi nhiing nguoi van kien tri dau tranh cho sac tpc, cho dii hp nhieu liic hp cam thay minh dang lao dau vao nhiing biic tuong thanh can trd.
La mpt nha lanh dao co mpt tam nhin Ion va mpt sir nghiep dang kinh van chua dii de cuon hut mpi nguoi. Truoc het, ban phai tro thanh mpt nha lanh dao tot hon ban
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NGUYEN TAC TIN CAY
phai tim each lam cho moi nguoi tin cay ban. Va do la cai gia ma ban phai tra, neu ban muon tam nhin cua minh co co hpi trd thanh hien thuc.
KIEN NHAN CHO MOI NGl/Ol THEO BAN
Neu ban da timg cd gang thuyet phuc mpi nguoi thuc hien tam nhin cua ban nhung khong thanh, thi co the ban da khong ap dung dung Nguyen tac Tin cay, hoac co the ban khong he biet den no. Lan dau tien tdi cam nhan duoc tam quan trpng ciia nguyen ly nay la nam 1972 khi nhan vi tri lanh dao thu hai. Trong chuong Nguyen tac Hang hai tdi da noi sau vai nam lam viec d giao doan dd, toi da xay dung mdt ke hoach tri gia hang trieu dd-la cung hp de xay dung mpt giao dudng mdi. Nhung khi toi dat chan den do, chua co mpt ke'hoach nao dupe mpi ngudi trong giao doan ddng tinh.
Trudc khi toi tdi giao doan mdi khoang mot tuan, co tren 65% giao dan ddng tinh xay dung mdt trung tam muc vu mdi. Va khi tdi da hoan thanh mdt so cong viec vdi giao dpan dd, tdi nhan ra rang tien trinh phat trien tuong lai khong phu thupc vap trung tam muc vu ma phu thupc vap ngpi thanh dudng. Chien lupc ciia tdi cho nhung nam tiep theo da rd rang. Nhung tdi khdng chi don gian buoc vao va ra lenh: "Hay quen di ke hoach ma cac dng ba vira dat ra va cung quen ludn ca nhung gi cac dng ba da lam de xay dung no. Hay theo tdi!" Trudc tien, tdi can thdi gian de xay dung moi quan he than thiet va uy tin vdi mpi ngudi.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Toi da sap xep mpi ke hoach de hieu ky cang nhung van de lien quan den Dy an Trung tam Muc vu. Toi da noi vdi cac thanh vien: "Neu chung ta dau tu thdi gian va tien bac cho du an nay, chung ta phai dam bao chac chan ve du an do. Tdi phai cd tat ca nhung thdng tin tich cue lien quan den du an." Va each hanh xir cua tdi da lam cho mpi ngudi rat yen tam, du an buoc vao khdi cdng. Trong nam tiep theo, nhung cdng su cua tdi thudng xuyen thdng bao cho tdi tien dp cdng viec. Rdi cu nhu vay, mdi lan hp den bao cao, tdi lai vach ra cdng viec cho ho va dat ra cho hp them nhung cau hdi khich le hp, de nghien cuu ciia hp sau sac hon.
Trong giai doan dd, tdi da co gang lam viec tich cue de tao dung them uy tin vdi moi ngudi. Tdi da hun due mdt mdi quan he lanh dao trong giao doan. Tdi tra ldi tat ca nhung chat van ciia mpi ngudi de hp cd the hieu ve tdi sau sac hon va cung hieu chien lupc lanh dao cua tdi. Tdi da chia se vdi hp niem tin, niem hy vpng, y tudng cung nhu giac mo ve nhung cdng viec ma chiing tdi dang cung nhau thi hanh. Va tdi da bat dau tao su phat trien cho toan giao doan. Hon bat ky dieu gi khac, dieu dd da tao cho giao dan trong giao doan ciia tdi niem tin vao ban than tdi cung nhu vao kha nang ciia tdi.
Sau sau thang, moi ngudi da bat dau nhan ra giao doan dang cd chieu hudng thay dd'i theo mdt dudng hudng mdi. Mdt nam sau dd, hdi ddng cd' van xay dung da quyet dinh trung tam muc vu khdng cdn la muc tieu xay dung Idn nhat ciia giao doan nua, hp cdn gdp y khdng nen xay dung trung tam ay nua. Them mdt nam sau nua, giao dan trong giao doan da dong long nhat tri vdi muc tieu: Chia khoa ciia
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NGUYEN TAC TIN CAY
tuong lai la xay dung mpt thanh dudng. Va khi co hpi den, da co 98% giao dan ung hp du an xay dung. Va chung tdi da hen hanh thi cdng du an do.
Khi toi buoc chan tdi giao doan, toi da co the ap dat tam nhin va chien lupc cua tdi len mpi ngudi. Nam 1972, tuc la sau hai nam toi nhan nhiem vu lanh dao giao doan, tdi mdi chan chan rang dd la cdng viec diing dan. Nhung neu toi lam theo each do, toi tin rang, toi se dua duoc moi ngudi di tdi noi ma hp ky vpng. Va trong qua trinh dd, tdi da ddng thdi xac lap kha nang lanh dao hp.
La mdt nha lanh dao, ban khdng duoc phep that bai mdt lan nao trong su nghiep cao quy dd. Ban cung khdng duoc phep cho rang minh ludn diing. Thanh cdng ciia ban se duoc xac dinh bang kha nang cd the dua mpi ngudi den noi ho mong mudn. Nhung ban se khdng the lam duoc dieu dd neu mpi ngucri khdng tin tudng vao su lanh dao ciia ban. Dd la thuc tenia Nguyen tac Tin cay.
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N G U Y E N T A C C H I E N T H A N G
Nhd lanh dao luon tim ra con duong chien thdng cho ca doi
B an da bao gio nghi ve diem khac biet giua nha lanh dao
gianh dupe chien thang voi nha lanh dao chiu that bai? Lam the nao de tro thanh nguoi chien thang? Kho co the chi ra nhung yeu td cu the phan biet ngudi thang, ke thua. Mdi tinh hudng lanh dao deu co dac thu rieng. Mdi cupc khung hoang cung co nhung thu thach rieng. Nhung tdi cho rang nhung nha lanh dao chien thang cd mpt diem chung la khdng bao gid chap nhan that bai. Hp khong bao gid chap nhan bat ky dieu gi ngoai chien thang, do vay, hp phai tim kiem nhung yeu to can thiet de gianh dupe chien thang, rdi tu dd thuc hien y djnh cua minh.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Toi da tim hieu rat ro ve cuoc noi chien, va toi nho co lan da doc mot cuon sach cu khien toi lien he toi Nguyen tac Chien thang. Cuon sach do noi ve su khac biet giua nhung nguoi dung dau phe Lien minh va phe Mien Nam: Abraham Lincoln va Jefferson Davis. Trong cudn sach nay, toi nhac
den Abraham Lincoln rat nhieu lan, vi dng la mot nha lanh dao rat tieu bieu. Lincoln chua bao gid quen uu tien so mot cua minh la chien thang cua dan tpc, no dung trudc ca long tu hao, uy tin va hanh phuc rieng ciia ban than. Ong tap hpp quanh minh nhung lanh dao cu khoi nhat, trao quyen cho cac tudng linh, va khdng ngai chia se vdi mpi ngudi niem tin rang phe Lien minh se chien thang. Cd cau chuyen ke rang sau chien thang cua tudng Grant tai
Vicksburg, Lincoln da gui Grant mdt biic thu, trong dd cd doan: "Tdi chua bao gid dam ky vpng dieu gi, chi hy vpng chung chung, ma dieu dd chac dng hieu rd hon tdi... Bay gid, tdi mudn thua nhan vdi tu each ca nhan rang dng da diing va tdi da sai."
Jeffeson Davis thi nguoc lai, hau nhu chua rung dat chien thang vao vj tri uu tien. Khi dd dang le dng phai tu duy nhu mdt nha hoat ddng each mang thi dng lai lam viec nhu mdt vien chiic quan lieu. Vao giai doan dang le dng nen uy nhiem quyen hanh va quyen quyet dinh cho cac tudng linh-
Nhd lanh dao chien thdng khong chap nhan
bdi ky dieu gi ngoai chien thdng, do vay,
ho phai tim kiem nhung yeu to can thiet de gianh chiin thdng, roi tic do thuc hien y
dinh ciia minh.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
nhiing ngudi gioi giang nhat trong dpi quan cua dng - thi ong lai danh thdi gian de sam soi, quan ly hp. Tdi te hon, ong quan tam den viec minh luon dung, hon la chien thang trong cudc chien nay. Nha su hoc David M. Potter ndi ve Davis: "Ong ta danh phan Idn sue luc cho viec ban cai, tham chi tranh luan de chdng minh minh luon dung. Hinh nhu ong ta nghi rang chi can minh diing la du; rang luc nao cung thuyet phuc dupe mpi ngudi tin minh chinh true thi quan trpng hon la dat dupe ket qua." Davis da vi pham Nguyen tac Chien thang, va hau qua tat yeu la dpi quan ciia ong ta da that bai tham hai.
NHA LANH DAO THEO D U O I CHIEN T H A N G
Nhung cupc khiing hoang luon giiip chi ra nhung lanh dao loi lac - va ca tdi te nhat. Trong sudt Chien tranh the gidi thii Hai, nhung nha lanh dao noi bat ap dung Nguyen tac Chien thang da xuat hien trong khdi Dong minh: Thii tudng Anh, Wilston Churchill va Td'ng thd'ng My, Franklin Roosevelt. Hp bao ve chau Au khoi su tan pha ciia Adolf Hitler va tai tao theo tam nhin ciia ban than.
Ve phia minh, tai Dai Tay Duong, Winston Churchill da khuyen khich ngudi dan Anh qudc chdng lai Hitler. Tu trudc khi trd thanh thii tudng nam 1940, Churchill da len tieng chong lai Diic Qudc xa. Nam 1932, dng da chi trich vdi tu each ca nhan, va canh bao: "Dung tu dd'i minh... Dung tin rang tat ca nhung gi nude Diic ddi hoi chi la the can
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
bang... Ho dang tim kiem vu khi va khi co no roi, hay tin toi di, hp se doi hoi phai tra lai toan bp nhung thupc dia, lanh tho da mat."
Churchill tiep tuc len tieng phan doi Diic Quo'c xa. Va khi Hitler sap nhap voi Ao nam 1938, Churchill da phat bieu trudc Nghi vien:
Trong sudt nam nam qua, toi da noi truoc Nghi vien ve viec nay dii khong phai d vi tri thanh cong tot dinh. Toi quan sat hon dao noi tieng nay dang suy sup mpt each tic trach, suy sup den miic khong gi kiem che noi, giong nhu cau thang dan toi hd sau tam tdi... Day la thdi diem cudi ciing va duy nhat de danh thiic ca dan tdc. Va cd le day ciing la co hdi cudi ciing de danh thiic dan tdc bang no luc ngan chan chien tranh, hoac bang nd luc gianh chien thang.
Nhung that khong may, Thu tuong Neville Chamberlain cung nhu cac lanh dao khac ciia Anh qudc khdng dung len chdng lai Hitler. Ngay cang cd them nhieu qudc gia lanh tho ciia chau Au roi vao tay Due Quo'c xa.
Giua nhung nam 1940 thi hau het chau Au da nam dudi quyen kiem soat cua Diic. Nhung sau dd, mdt so van de da nay sinh lam thay ddi lich sii ciia the gidi tu do. Quyen luc lanh dao d Anh dupe dat vao tay Winston Churchill. Ong quyet khdng cui dau trudc ldi de dpa ciia Diic Qudc xa. Trong hon mpt nam, Anh qudc diing mpt minh dd'i mat vdi su de dpa xam lupc ciia ngudi Diic. Khi Hitler ngd y lien ket vdi Anh qudc, Churchill da the hien thai dp khinh thudng. Khi Diic bat dau nem bpm Anh qudc, ngudi Anh van kien
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NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
mong. Trong sudt thdi gian dd, Churchill da no luc tim kiem mpt con dudng gianh chien thang.
CHURCHILL KHONG CHAP NHAN KEM HON
Trong mdt thdi gian, Churchill da tap hpp dupe nhan dan Anh qudc. Dien van dau tien sau khi nham chuc dupe bat dau nhu sau:
Trudc mat chung ta la mpt thu thach vd cung gian khd. Trudc mat chung ta la rat nhieu, rat nhieu ngay thang dau tranh va chiu dung. Cac ban se hdi: Vay chinh sach ciia chung ta la gi? Tdi xin tra ldi: Tat ca deu nham muc dich tien hanh cupc chien, bang dudng bien, dudng bp va dudng hang khdng, vdi toan bp siic manh chiing ta cd va nhung gi Chua ban cho de ndi day chdng lai mpt de che hung tan, chua tung xuat hi§n trong bdng tdi, trong hang loat nhiing gi tan ac nhat ciia lich sir nhan loai. Dd la chinh sach ciia chiing ta. Cac ban hdi: Dau la muc dich ciia chiing ta? Tdi xin tra ldi bang mpt tir: Chien thang -phai chien thang bang mpi gia, chien thang mac nhiing lp sp va chien thang cho dii con dudng phai di cd the rat dai va gap ghehh; vi chiing ta khdng cdn con dudng sdng nao ngoai chien thang.
Ddu Id muc dich cua chung ta? Tdi xin trd lai
bang mot tit: Chien thang -phai chien thang bang
mpi gid, chien thdng mac nhiing lo syvd chien thang cho du con duong phai di
co the rat ddi va gap ghenh; vi chung ta khdng con con dudng sdng nao
ngoai chien thing.
- Winston Churchill
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21 NGUYEN TACVANG.
Trong thoi gian do, Churchill lam moi dieu trong quyen han cua minh de chuan bi tu the san sang. Ong cho dan quan tai Dia Trung Hai nham ddi dau vdi luc luong cua Mussolini. Mac dii khdng thich cdng san, ong van lien minh vdi Stalin va Xd Viet, ho tro hp ngay ca khi nguon luc ciia Anh qudc bi de dpa va dang trong tinh trang kho khan. Ong phat trien moi quan he ca nhan vdi Franklin Roosevelt. Mac dii tong thong My khi do khong san long tham gia vao cupc chien, Churchill van no luc xay dung moi quan he vdi ong ta, hy vpng chuyen dupe tii quan he huu nghi va ton trpng lan nhau thanh quan he ddng minh ve mpi mat trong chien tranh. Mpi cd' gang ciia ong da thanh cong. Ngay Nhat Ban nem bom Tran Chau Cang, bupc nguoi My phai true tiep tham chien, Churchill nghi tham: "Cudi ciing, chiing ta da chien thang."
THEM MOT Gl/ONG LANH DAO CHUYEN TAM V O I T O N CHI CHIEN T H A N G
Tir thang 12 nam 1941 trd ve trudc vai thap ky, Franklin Roosevelt da thuc hien Nguyen tac Chien thang. Do la mpt moc quan trpng trong cupc ddi ong. Ong da tim ra mot con dudng chien thang tren vu dai chinh tri trong khi ban than phai chien dau vdi can benh bai liet. Khi dupe bau lam tong thdng va chju trach nhiem dua nude My thoat khdi khiing hoang suy thoai, dng lai phai hpc each chien dau vdi mpt tinh hudng khd khan mdi. Va dng da lam dupe. Trong suot thap ky 1930, nude My da dan hoi phuc.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
Khi Due Quoc xa dang chien dau d chien trudng chau Au, KM co dp luc la luc nhung chinh la liic thai ca xuat hien. lanh dao xud't sdc the hien Nha su hpc doat giai Pulitzer khd ndng tot nhat. Arthur Schlesinger Jr. cho biet: "Chien tranh The gidi II bung no khien cho xa hdi dan chii phai chien dau vi chinh cuoc song ciia minh. Nam 1941, chi cd hon muoi nha nude dan chu ton tai tren the gidi. Nhung nhung nha lanh dao ldi lac xuat hien diing liic da ciing cd su nghiep dan chii. Ngay khi thii tudng keu gpi ngudi dan Anh doan ket lai thi tong thd'ng My cung lien ket nhan dan minh trong mot su nghiep chung ma trudc do chua ai tung lam.
Vdi hai vi lanh dao nay, chien thang la lua chpn duy nhat. Neu hp chap nhan mdt giai phap khac, cd le the gidi se khdng nhu nhung gi chiing ta thay hdm nay. Schlesinger ndi: "Hay quan sat the gidi chiing ta dang sdng, rd rang dd khdng phai la the gidi kieu Adolf Hitler. De che Diic nghin nam da trd thanh mdt bp may gpn ghe va chet chdc ton tai trong 12 nam. Dd cung khdng phai la the gidi kieu Joseph Stalin. The gidi dd da tu huy diet trudc mat chiing ta. Ciing khdng phai the gidi kieu Winston Churchill... The gidi ma chiing ta dang sdng la the gidi kieu Franklin Roosevelt." Khdng cd Churchill va nude Anh, ca chau Au da bi san phang. Khdng cd Roosevelt va nude My, cd le chau Au cung chang bao gid gianh lai dupe tu dp. Nhung ngay ca Adolf Hitler va quan dpi cua De che thu ba cung khdng the chien :hang trudc hai vi thii linh nam bat rd va thdng sudt Vguyen tac Chien thang.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
N H A L A N H DAO XUAT s A c LUON T I M D l / O N G G I A N H CHIEN T H A N G
Khi co ap luc la liic nhung lanh dao xuat sac the hien kha nang tot nhat. Nhung nang luc tiem tang trong ho deu hien ra, ung ho hoac chdng lai hp. Ngay 10 thang 5 nam 1994, Nelson Mandela dupe bau lam tong thd'ng Nam Phi. Day duoc coi la mdt chien thang vi dai ciia ngudi dan nuoc nay, ho da phai chd doi rat lau de cd duoc chien thang do. Con dudng di tdi chien thang duoc lat bang 27 nam lao hi ciia dng Mandela. Dpc con dudng dd, dng phai lam dii mpi viec de hing buoc mang chien thang lai gan hon vdi nhan dan Nam Phi. Ong tham gia Dai hpi cac Quo'c gia chau Phi. Ong tien hanh dau tranh bang bien phap hoa binh. Ong hoat dpng bi mat va ra nude ngoai tim su ho trp. Khi can, dng chap nhan thu thach va chap nhan bi giam giu, nhung van giu nguyen pham chat va long can dam. Khi thdi co den, dng dam phan ve nhung thay dd'i vdi Td'ng thong F.W. de Klerk. Hien tai, dng van dang no luc mang lai chien thang cudi ciing bang each han gan vet thuong chp dat nude. Mandela tu mo ta ban than la "mpt ngudi binh thudng, do hoan canh dac biet ma trd thanh thii linh." Toi lai cho rang dng chinh la mpt thii linh tao nen nhung dieu dac biet nhd siic manh cua tinh each cung nhu su tuan thii hoan toan theo Nguyen tac Chien thang.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
BAN NHIN THAY BIEU HIEN CUA NGUYEN TAC CHIEN T H A N G H A N G NGAY
Ban co the da nhin thay Nguyen tac Chien thang ton tai trong nhung su kien the thao. Trong cac linh vuc khac ciia cupc song, hau het cac nha lanh dao deu thuc hien sii menh ciia minh d hau trudng, va ban khdng bao gid co the nhin thay. Nhung trong mdt tran bdng, ban chac chan nhin thay ngucri lanh dao dang no luc gianh chien thang. Va khi tieng coi ket thiic vang len, ban se biet chinh xac ai la ngudi thing cupc va tai sao. Trd choi thudng cd ket qua ngay lap hie.
Khi toi mudn tim hieu each thiic hoat ddng ciia Nguyen tac Chien thang, toi xem ai do choi bdng, nhu xem Michael Jordan choi bdng rd chang han. Anh ta la mdt van dpng vien gao cpi, ddng thdi la mpt thii linh hiem cd. Anh tuan thu va hit thd bang Nguyen tac Chien thang mdi ngay. Khi tran dau dang dien ra theo diing chien thuat, Jordan da tim ra con dudng dua ca dpi gianh chien thang. Nha nghien cuu tieu su ciia anh, Mitchell Krugel ndi: "Tham vpng va niem say me chien thang ciia Jprdan la tat yeu trpng cupc sdng ciia anh ta mpt phan. Tham chi anh ta the hi£n dieu dd ca trong tap luyen."
Trong cac budi huan luyen tai Bulls, nhung ngudi choi trudc mac mau trang, nhdm nam ngudi tiep theo mac mau dd. Cuu huan luyfn vien ciia Bulls Loughery da de Jordan choi vdi dpi trang ngay tir dau. Vdi su cd mat ciia Jordan va ngudi ddng dpi Woolridge, dpi tring de dang keo ty 1§ tir 8-1 hay 7-4 len 11.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Ngudi that bai trong nhung trd nay phai chay het tdc luc sau khi hoan thanh buoi luyen tap. Den giua chung, Loughery chuyen Jordan sang choi trong dpi dd. Va vi the, dpi dd se nang ty le diem cua minh len.
Khi bat dau su nghiep, Jordan chii yeu dua vao tai nang va no luc cua ban than de chien thang trong cac tran dau. Nhung khi truong thanh hon, anh chii y nhieu hon den vai tro thii linh va giiip cho ca dpi choi tot hon. Jordan rung noi: "Do la nhung gi moi nguoi nhin thay khi toi vang mat. Moi nguoi co chien thang duoc khong neu thieu toi? Tai sao khong ai hoi vi sao hay toi dong gdp nhung gi de tao nen su khac biet? Toi cuoc rang khong ai co the noi hp bo qua su lanh dao hay nang luc ciia toi de lam cho dong dpi ciia toi choi to't hon." Nhung gi anh ta noi hoan toan chinh xac. Nguoi lanh dao luon tim ra mpt con duong cho ca dpi gianh chien thang.
Trong mpt doan quang cao cho hang Nike, Michael Jordan da ke lai sai lam ciia minh: "Toi timg bo lo hon 9.000 oi danh trong su nghiep ciia minh, thua hon 300 tran. Co 26 lan toi co dupe co hdi danh cu quyet dinh cho tran dau, nhung toi da bo qua." Tdi da dpc mpt bai phong van Jordan ngay sau khi doan quang cao dd dupe phat song lan dau tien, khi phong vien hoi Jordan cd phai anh timg bo lo nhieu cii danh nhu the, Jordan tra ldi la: "Tdi khdng cd cau tra ldi." Moi ngudi cd the that vong vi cau tra ldi nay, nhung no da lam cho chiing ta nhin thau ca tinh cua anh ta. Michael Jordan khdng sdng de an nan ve nhung ldi lam trong qua khu. Dieu quan trong vdi anh ta hien tai la lam gi diing dan de lanh dao dpi bdng cua minh gianh chien thang.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
T H A M GIA " L I N H VUG" N A O K H O N G Q U A N TRQNG
Ngay nay, co rat nhieu van dong vien bong ro xuat sac. Nhung choi bong dua vao ky thuat ca nhan dieu luyen chua chac da mang lai nhieu thang loi. Dieu can thiet hon ca la nghe thuat lanh dao. Nhung cau thu xuat sac nhat trong lich su khong chi co tai nang ca nhan don thuan, dii cho dieu do la vo ciing dang quy. Cau thii Bill Russell ciia Trung tam Boston, da danh gia nang luc ciia minh thong qua viec minh co ho tro ca dpi choi tot hon khong. Va ket qua la 11 danh hieu NBA dang tu hao. Magic Johnson da ba lan duoc vinh danh Cau thii xuat sac nhat NBA (Most Valuable Player - MVP), nam lan gianh chuc vo dich, la mpt cau thii dac biet phi thuong, nhung dong gop vi dai nhat ciia anh lai la kha nang duy tri ldi choi ciia ca doi va chuyen bdng cho ddng doi. Larry Bird, ngudi cham ngdi cho doi Celtics nhiing nam 1980, ciing dang chii y bdi anh la dan chiing minh hoa cho Nguyen tac Chien thang nhung khong phai vdi vai trd la mpt cau thii, ma con la huan luyen vien trudng cua dpi Indiana Pacers sau nay. Khi anh choi cho Boston, anh dupe trao tang danh hieu Rookie of the Year Award (cau thii bong rd xuat sac nhat cua nam), ba lan dat danh hieu MVP, va dan dat ca dpi gianh ba giai vo djch NBA. Ngay nam dau tien lam huan luyen vien tai Pacers, Larry da dupe trao danh hieu Huan luyen vien NBA ciia nam, vi da lanh dao ddi ciia minh dat dupe ty le chien thang cao nhat trong lich sir.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
Ngirdi lanh dao tai ba tim ra con duong cho toan dpi gianh chien thang. Do la Nguyen tac Chien thang. Bat ke hp choi trong mon the thao nao. Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson va Larry Bird choi bong ro. John Elway choi bong da, dan dat doi cua minh gianh nhieu chien thang nhat so voi cac tien ve trong lich su NFL (Lien doan Bong da Qudc gia). Pele thanh cong rue rd trong bong da, cung dpi tuyen qudc gia Brazil gianh vd dich gion gia ba mua World Cup. Ngudi lanh dao ludn tim ra con dudng cho toan dpi di den thanh cdng.
BA YEU TO TAO NEN CHIEN THANG
Trong bat ky linh vuc nao, the thao, quan su, doanh nghiep hay to chiic phi loi nhuan, ban se thay chien thang la hoan toan co the, mien la ban co dupe ba yeu to sau day:
1. Tam nhin dong nh5t
Nhung dpi hinh thi dau thanh cdng chi khi cau thii ciia hp cd tam nhin ddng nhat, du cho tai nang va tiem nang ciia
mdi ngudi khdng gid'ng nhau. Mpt dpi bdng khdng the gianh dupe
Mot dpi bong khong the c n u c vd dich neu cac cau thii ciia gianh chiic vd djch neu h p c o t g m n h l n k h a c n n a u . Dieu
cac cau thu cua hp co tam n a y h o a n t Q a n d l i n g t h g t h a o
nhin khde nhau. c h u y g n n g h i ^ t r Q n g W n h d o a n h
— — — — — — — = = = — cung nhu trong ton giao.
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NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
Toi nhan duoc bai hoc nay 6 truong trung hoc, khi con la mot van dong vien du bi trong doi bong ro ciia nha truong. Dpi bong bao gdm nhung hpc sinh rat tai nang ve bong ro, va chiing toi dupe chpn ra de tranh giai vo dich toan bang. Nhung chiing toi da gap kho khan. Nhung van dpng vien du bi va van dpng vien chinh thiic ciia dpi bdng hi choi lam viec ciing nhau. Mpi viec trd nen tdi te khi huan luyen vien khdng the co'gahg bat chiing tdi tap luyen chung nua, ma chia thanh hai nhom de tham gia, mdt nhdm la toan bp cau thu du bi, nhom kia bao gdm toan bp cau thii chinh thiic. Rot cupc, dpi bong that bai tham hai. Vi sao vay? Vi chung toi khdng dm dupe tieng ndi chung.
2. Ky nfing phong phu
Khong can phai ndi ra, ai ding biet trong mpt dpi luon phai co su phong phii ve mat ky nang. Ban cd the tudng tupng dupe ve mpt dpi khiic cdn cau toan thu mdn? Hay mpt dpi bong toan tien ve? Dieu nay hoan toan vo ly. Tuong tu, cac td chiic ddi hdi nhiing tai nang phong phii de dam bao thanh cdng, mdi cau thu deu cd phan su rieng cua minh.
3. Nguoi lanh dao cdng hlgn cho chleVi thang va phat trl ln cau thu tdi dung tldm ndng cua hp
Co nhiing cau thii giau ky nang la dieu rat quan trpng. Nhu cuu huan luyen vien trudng dpi bong da Notre Dame Lou Holtz da ndi: "Tdi khong quan tam huan luyen vien ciia ban la ai, chi biet rang cac ban phai cd nhiing van dpng vien xuat sac de chien thang. Cac ban khdng the chien thang ma
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
khong co van dong vien gioi, nhung ban cung co the thua ngay ca khi co hp trong tay. Do la noi de huan luyen vien tao nen su khac biet." Noi each khac, ban cung phai co nghe thuat lanh dao de gianh thang lpi. Su dong nhat tam nhin khong tu nhien sinh ra. Cau thu gioi vdi tai nang phong phu khong tu nhien den cung mpt luc. De co dupe nhung dieu ay, doi hoi phai co mpt nha lanh dao. Va can mpt nha lanh dao con de tao ra ddng luc, chia se quyen luc va xac dinh phuang hudng de di den chien thang.
NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG LA PHUONG C H A M CUA N H A L A N H DAO
Mdt trong nhung cau chuyen thanh cong co y nghia nhat toi tung nghe la cau chuyen ve hang Southwest Airlines va Herb Kelleher (ngudi ma toi da nhac tdi trong Chuong Nguyen tac Ket noi). Cau chuyen ve hp la mpt vi du dang ngudng mp ve viec ap dung Nguyen tac Chien thang. Ngay nay, Southwest da trd thanh mpt tap doan day quyen luc va giu vai tro thd'ng trj thi trudng. Cdng ty dang tren da phat trien vung manh, co phie'u cua cdng ty tru d muc gia tot.
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"Tdi khong quan tdm huan luyen vien cua ban Id ai, chi
biet rang ede ban phai co nhung van ddng vien xudt
sac de chien thdng. Cac ban khdng the chien thdng ma
khdng cd van dong vien gidi, nhung ban ciing cd the thua ngay ca khi cd ho trong tay.
Dd la noi de huan luyen vien tao nen sir khde biet."
- Lou Holtz
NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
Day la hang hang khong duy nhat cua My nam nao cung mang lai loi nhuan tinh tu nam 1973. Cac nhan vien cua hang yeu thich cong viec cua ho 6 day. Cong ty duoc coi la co bo may nang suat nhat trong toan nganh. Tieng tam cua hang duoc dong dao khach hang biet den va Southwest lien tuc duoc khach hang danh gia voi chi so rat tot.
Xet vi tri hien nay cua Southwest, ban se khong nghi ngo ve khoi dau suon se cua cong ty. Ket qua ciia viec ap dung Nguyen tac Chien thang chinh la su ton tai ciia cong ty cho den ngay nay. Southwest Airlines do Rollin King, nguoi kinh doanh dich vu hang khong 6 Texas; John Parker, chii ngan hang; va Herb Kelleher, luat su, khoi xuong tir nam 1967. Hp phai mat bdn nam de chuyen bay dau tien cat canh. Ngay khi cong ty di vao hoat ddng, tat ca cac hang nhu Braniff, Trans Texas, Continental Airlines deu co gang danh bat dd'i thu mdi me nay ra khoi dudng bay. Va ho gain nhu da thanh cdng. Trong khi cac cudc chien d toa an cu noi tiep nhau, thi cd mpt ngudi, tu chien dau: Herb Kelleher. Khi ddng vdn khdi nghiep da can, hp gain nhu that bai, ban giam dd'c mud'n tir bd. Tuy vay, Kelleher da noi: "Hay di them mpt vong nua. Toi se tiep tuc dai dien cho cong ty tai toa an, va toi se hoan mpi chi phi cong ty phai tra cho tdi, se tra tung xu an phi bang tien rui cua minh." Cudi ciing, khi vu viec ciia hp dupe dua len Tpa an Tdi cap Texas, hp da chien thang, va hp rot cupc cung dua duoc may bay ciia minh cat canh.
Khi di vao hoat ddng, Southwest tuyen mpt lanh dao kinh nghiem trong nganh hang khdng la Lamar Muse lam
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
CEO moi. Khi da lam CEO cho SouthWest, ong ta cung thue nhung nha quan ly, nhung nhan vien gioi. Trong cupc chien canh tranh vdi cac hang, Kelleher va Muse tiep tuc chien dau cung nhau - tren toa an va tren thi trudng. Khi gap true trac trong viec dieu chuyen may bay cho tuyen Houston, Southwest bat dau bay tdi san bay Hobby d Houston, d day se de dang hon cho cac hang van chuyen tiep can vi nam canh khu trung tam. Khi toan bp cac hang bay khac di doi den san bay mdi xay Fort Worth ciia Dallas, Southwest tiep tuc bay den Love Field. Khi hang bupc phai ban mdt trong bdn chiec may bay cua minh de ton tai, cac chuyen vien tim ra mdt each de cii mudi phiit lai co mpt chuyen bay. Bang each do, Southwest van tiep tuc duy tri dupe dudng bay va lich trinh cua minh. Va khi ho khong the tim ra each nao khac de lap diem trd'ng may bay, hp phat kien ra cac miic gia khac nhau danh cho tung thdi diem, tao dieu kien cho nhung hanh khach nhan rdi tiet kiem dupe rat nhieu chi phi bay.
Trong sudt qua trinh dd, Kelleher tiep rue chien dau va giiip duy tri Southwest ton tai. Nam 1978, bay nam sau khi giiip dua phi dpi dau tien cua cdng ty cat canh, Kelleher trd thanh chu tich cua cdng ty. Nam 1982, dng trd thanh lanh dao va la CEO ciia SouthWest. Ngay nay, dng van tiep tuc chien dau tren thuong truong va tim kiem cac con dudng chp cdng ty gianh thang lpi. Hay nhin vao nhung thanh tuu sau day:
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NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THANG
SOUTHWEST AIRLINES TRl/OC DAY VA NGAY NAY
1971 1997
Quy mo dpi bay 4 262
So nhan vien tinh 195 23.974 den cuoi nam
So hanh khach 108.000 50.399.960 van chuyen
So duong bay 6 3 51 cac thanh pho' dupe phuc vu
So chuyen bay 6.051 786.288
Gia trj co phan 3,3 trieu do-la 2,0 ty do-la
Tong gia tri 22 trieu do-la 4,2 ty do-la tai san
Pho Tong Giam doc Hanh chinh ciia Southwest, Colleen Barrett ket luan: "Tam ly chien binh, chien dau de ton tai chinh la rihung dieu tao nen van hoa ciia chiing toi. Nhung gi ma Kelleher va Southwest co khong chi la y chi ton tai, ma la y chi gianh chien thang. Nhung nha lanh dao thuc hanh Nguyen tac Chien thang tin rang bat ky dieu gi ngoai chien thang deu khong dupe chip nhan. Hp khong bao gio co Phuong an B. Vi the, hp phai chien dau."
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Muc dp mong doi to chdc thanh cdng cua ban co cao khong? Ban chuyen tam the nao den viec gianh thang lpi trong "trd choi"? Ban luon cd Nguyen tac Chien thang trong hanh trang chuan bi cho cudc chien hay khi gap khd khan, ban se dau hang? Cau tra ldi cua ban cd the xac dinh ban se thanh cdng hay that bai vdi vai trd lanh dao.
Nhiing nhd lanh dao thuc hanh Nguyen tdc Chien thang khdng hao gid co
Phuong an B. Vi the, ho phai chien dau.
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1 6
N G U Y E N T A C D O N G L l / C
Dong luc la tri ky cua lanh dao
T at ca nhung nha lanh dao deu gap phai nhung thu
thach khi muon tao ra su thay doi trong to chuc. Chia khoa cho nhung thach thuc do la dpng luc - cai ma toi goi la Dpng luc Ion (Big Motivation.) Cung giong nhu mpi thuy thii deu hieu, hp khong the dieu khien dupe con tau khi no khong chuyen dpng ve phia truoc, nhung nha lanh dao gioi hieu dupe rang de thay doi dupe phuong huong, truoc het ban phai tao ra chuyen dpng - va do la npi dung ciia Nguyen tic Dpng luc.
Toi da tung xem (va cung co the ban ding da tung xem) mpt bp phim co nhan de Stand and Deliver. Bp phim noi ve
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21 NGUYEN YAC VANG.
mpt con nguoi thuc, mot giao vien day bp mon toan tai truong Trung hpc Garfield 6 phia dong Los Angeles, California. Thay ten la Jaime Escalante. Bp phim da tap trung khai thac nhung kha nang giang day cua Escalante, nhung toi nhan thay ve co ban, cau chuyen noi ve Nguyen tac Dpng luc.
Giang day, thiic day va lanh dao luon chay trong huyet quan ciia Jaime Escalante, ngay hi thai trai tre khi ong con song 6 que huong Bolivia. Ong bat dau lam gia su cho tre em khi la hpc sinh tieu hpc, sau do, ong da tro thanh giao vien chinh thiic day mon vat ly truoc khi tot nghiep dai hpc. Ong nhanh chong dupe mpi nguoi trong thanh pho ciia ong biet den vi la mot giao vien xuat sac. Nam ong 30 tuoi, Escalante va gia dinh sang My dinh cu. Ong lam viec d mpt khach san trong vai nam dau roi sau do chuyen sang lam viec tai cong ty thiet bi dien hi Russell Electronics. Mac du da co the co mpt cong viec tot d Russell, nhung ong van quyet dinh tiep tuc cam sach den trudng de lay tam bang chuyen mon thii hai, de co the day hpc d My. Mong udc chay bong ciia Escalante la giiip mpi ngudi thay ddi cupc song.
O tudi 43, dng da dupe trudng Trung hpc Garfield thue giang bp mdn tin hpc. Nhung ngay trong ngay dau tien tdi trudng, dng da nhan thay nha trudng khdng cd mpt su dau tu nao cho bpc mdn tin hpc, va vi chuyen mdn ciia dng la toan hpc nen dng mudn dupe day diing chuyen mdn. That vpng trpng long dng, tiep tuc tim kiem ldp hpc dau tien vdi hy vpng giac mo tao nen su khac biet se khdng tupt khdi tam tay.
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NGUYEN TAC DQNG LUG
CHIEN DAU CHONG LAI CON THUY TRIEU CUA N H U N G DONG CO TIEU CUC
Chuyen phai thay doi tu mon toan sang tin hoc hoa ra lai la kho khan nho be nhat doi vdi Escalante. Ve phia nha trudng, khi dng den phong van hdi miia he thi chua xay ra van de gi, nhung nay lai dang roi vao tinh trang Idn xdn va khiing hoang. Tinh ky luat dudng nhu khdng con ton tai d day, thay vao dd la tinh trang hoc sinh danh Ion, rac rudi vuong vai khap noi, tren tudng day dac nhung hinh ve ban thiu va nhung ddng chii nguech ngoac. Hoc sinh va tham chi ca nhung diia tre ben ngoai sdng d xung quanh trudng -la het om sdm ca ngay ngay trong khu vuc nha trudng. Song Escalante da kham pha ra rang Alex Avilez, hieu trudng trudng lai cd hanh ddng khuyen khich hoat ddng ciia bang nhom trong nha trudng. Khdng nhiing vay, Avilez con quyet dinh cho nhung bang dang dd cdng khai hoat ddng trong trudng. Ong con cho phep 18 bang nhdm khac nhau dan vhii hieu ciia minh len nhieu chd trong trudng, nham phan chia ranh gidi, khu vuc hpi hpp cho timg bang. Dd la con ac mpng kinh hoang nhat ddi vdi mpt giao vien. Lam the nao Escalante lai cd the tao nen su khac biet trong hoan canh toi te nhu vay?
Hau nhu ngay nao dng cung cd y dinh xin thdi viec. Nhung niem dam me day hpc va khat khao cdng hien cho su nghiep cai thien cupc sdng cho hpc sinh da khdng cho phep ong tir bd. Ciing liic dd, Escalante ciing da nhan ra rang chinh cac em hpc sinh se phai ganh chiu hau qua neu nha
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
truong khong co nhung bien phap thay doi. Chung dang bi sa sut nghiem trong va can mot dieu gi do thiic day chiing hen len.
Va thay doi da xuat hien nhu hau qua ciia su thoai trao. Khi nhung nha quan ly duoc biet nha truong dang trong tinh trang mat uy tin nghiem trong, hp quyet dinh each chiic hieu truong Avilez va thay vao do la mpt hieu truong co nang luc hon, Paul Possemato. Ngay lap hie, ong da cho don dep nha truong sach se, ngan chan cac hoat dpng ciia nhom hpc sinh quay roi, va duoi tat ca cac doi tuong khong phai la hpc sinh ciia truang ra khoi nha truong. Mac du chi lam viec cho truong hai nam, nhung vi hieu truang mai da cuu truong Garfield khoi su sa siit, mat uy tin, ngan chan dupe nhung khuynh huong tieu cue ma nha truong da trai qua.
KHI NHA LANH DAO RA TAY
Bp phim Stand and Deliver da xay dung hinh anh Escalante, nguoi co tu tuong chuan bj va dao tao hpc sinh de cac em co the tham gia ky thi toan nang cao. That ra, da co vai cuoc thi nang cao to chiic 6 truang nay. Moi nam co vai hpc sinh dang ky tham du cupc thi nang khie'u bp mon tieng Tay Ban Nha. Va thinh thoang co mpt vai hpc sinh tham gia du ky thi mon vat ly hay mon lich sii. Tuy nhien, nha trudng da khong co mdt nha lanh dao nao cd dii tam nhin de tim ra nguyen nhan. Va do cung la "san" ma Escalante da den de "choi". Ong tin rang, dng va nha
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NGUYEN TAC DQNG LUC
trudng co the tao dupe anh huong ti'ch cue tdi cuoc ddi cua hoc sinh. Va con dudng khdi su cho qua bdng lan duoc danh cho nhung hpc sinh gioi va thdng minh nhat cua trudng ve bp mon toan giai tich nang cao.
"VAN SU" KHOI DAU NAN"
Miia thu nam 1978, Escalante td chiic ldp toan dau tien. Trudc het, dng to chiic mdt cudc kiem tra vong tron cho tat ca nhung thi sinh gidi trong td'ng so' 3.500 hpc sinh tpan trudng Garfield de rim ra nhung hpc sinh xuat sac cho ldp toan nang cao. Ket qua, dng chi cd the chpn dupe 14 hpc sinh. Trong nhung budi hoc dau den, ong dua ra mdt so' dang bai nang cao de chuan bi cho ky thi toan nang cao dien ra cuoi nam.
Sau hai tuan dau hen, bay hpc sinh, vira diing mpt mia so hpc sinh ciia ldp, da bi loai- Tham chi nhung hpc sinh cdn lai cung chua co su chuan bi tot cho mdn toan. Cuoi mua xuan nam do, dng da that vpng, ldp hpc cua dng chi con nam hpc sinh. Tat ca nhiing hpc sinh nay deu tham du ky thi toan nang cao, nhung chi cd hai trong so dd thi dau.
Escalante vd ciing that vpng nhung da khong bd cupc, dac biet hi khi dng bat dau tien dupe mpt so'budc nhat dinh. Ong biet rang, neu mang lai cho cac, em hpc sinh vai co hpi chien thang, tao cho cac em tinh tu tin va hy vpng thi dng co the thiic day cac em trudng thanh hon, tien bp hon. Neu dng co the tao ra dupe dii chi mpt chiit dpng lire, thi chac chan ong se thiic day nha trudng chuyen dpng.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
CHUAN BI VA DONG LUC - H A I CHIA K H O A T H A N H CONG
Escalante da nhan ra rang ong chi co the thanh cong neu hoc sinh ciia ong duoc tao cam hiing mot each hieu qua va co su chuan bi chu dao. Tao dong luc se khong kho khan doi voi ong vi ong rat gioi trong linh vuc nay. Ong nam bat duoc tam ly cac hoc sinh ciia minh va luon biet chinh xac minh dang lam dieu gi cho chiing. Neu cac em can dpng co thiic day, ong cho cac em nhieu bai tap hem hoac thu thach cac em bang tro choi bong nem (va Escalante chua bao gio thua). Neu cac em can dupe khich le dpng vien, ong lien dua chiing den nha hang McDonald's de tang thuong. Neu cac em to ve ludi bierig, dng lien co vu tao cam hung, lam tro
gay cudi, tham chi con lam tro bat chudc chung. Va trong ca qua
Cac nha lanh dao ludn trinh, dng ludn lam guong cho hpc ludn tim ra phuong phap s inh bang each lam viec cham chi,
detao ra mgi thu. £ n v j m u c b £ u x u £ t s g c v a
dieu ma dng da gpi la ganas, nghia la khat vpng.
Giiip hpc sinh chuan bj la cdng vi£c khd khan hon nhieu. Ong da phai giang giai rat ky ve dai so va lupng giac cho nhung em yeu kem, dng con mod vai ddng nghiep den giiip dng ciing lam vi£c do. Dong thdi dng bat dau md chuong trinh hpc he de day trudc mdn toan, va trong thdi gian do, kien thiic toan cua cac em hpc sinh da dupe cai thien rat nhieu.
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NGUYEN TAC D0NG LUG
BAT DAU BANG MOT DONG TAC DON GIAN
Trong miia thu, Escalante da tap hop mpt lop toan khac, lop nay co chin hoc sinh. Den cuoi nam hoc, tam em da du ky thi nang cao, trong do co sau em da thi do. Loi noi ciia ong tiep tuc co hieu luc, miia thu nam 1980, lop hpc toan ciia ong da tang len 15 hpc sinh. Va tat ca cac em deu tham du ky thi vao cuoi nam do, co 14 em da thi do. Nhung buoc hen tuy chua co gi to tat, song Escalante co the nhin ra mpt dpng lire dang dan dupe hinh thanh tir chuong trinh do.
Nhom hpc sinh ke'tiep da len den con so 18 va do la giai doan dupe trinh chieu trpng bp phim Stand and Deliver. Cung nhu cac anh chi hpc sinh khoa truoc, cac hpc sinh khoa nay hpc tap rat cham chi, nhieu hpc sinh ngay nao cung den lop tir 7 gio sang - truoc gio vao lop diing mpt tieng ruoi va cac em nay thuong 6 truong cho den tan 6-7 gid td'i. Khi ky thi bat dau vao thang 5, tat ca cac hpc sinh deu cam thay minh lam bai tot.
NHAN TO PHA VO D0NG LUC
Nhung sau do da cd van de xay ra, van de ay lam chuong trinh non tre nay cd nguy co pha san va da anh hudng Idn den cam hung ma Escalante da nhpc nhan xay dung trong vai nam qua. Mpt giam khao cham bai cho phong giao dye -co quan quan ly ky thi nang cao da tim thay vai diem gid'ng nhau trong bai thi ciia mpt so hpc sinh. 14 trong tong sd 18 hpc sinh trudng Garfield tham gia ky thi da bi thanh tra.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Thanh tra da bupc toi hpc sinh ciia Escalante co thai dp gian lan. m i ,&nh ^ l u d n ^
Quyet dinh ciia cupc dieu tra la c*ct> de'moi viec dien ra mpt con ac mong khiing khiep. dung ke hoach. Chi co mpt con duong duy nhat de nhan hpc bdng tu truong dai hpc la tat ca nhung hpc sinh nay phai thi lai. Nhung cac em rat bat binh va khong muon thi lai vi nhu vay nghia la cac em da thii toi truoc nhung cao bupc cac em gian lan. Escalante da co gang can thiep, nhung nhung chuyen vien phong giao due tu choi noi chuyen voi ong. Henry Gradillas, nguoi sau do tro thanh hieu truong, ciing da co gang lay bai thi trong phong luu tru de kiem tra quyet dinh ciia ho nhung khong thanh. Tat ca mpi nguoi trong truong deu roi vao be tac.
Cuoi ciing, 14 hpc sinh da dong y thi lai, mac dii hp da tot nghiep dupe ba thang. Va ket qua ciia cac hpc sinh nay nhu the nao? Tat ca deu qua. Ty le hpc sinh ciia Escalante thi do nam do la 100%.
NGl/6l TAO DQNG LUG
Tro treu thay, nhung ke mudn pha binh mpi cd' gang va dpng luc cua Escalante d trudng Garfield, lai trd thanh nhung ke ddng gdp tich cue va xay dung cho dpng luc ay phat trien. Hpc sinh d trudng trd nen tu tin hon, mpi ngucri trong trudng da trd nen doan ket ling hp Escalante va
- 2 4 4 -
NGUYEN TAC DONG LUC
chuong trinh ciia ong. Cuoc thi da duoc pho bien cong khai nhu mot su thiic day de truong Dai hoc Dong Los Angeles quyet dinh tien hanh chuong trinh miia he ma Escalante mong doi danh cho hoc sinh ciia minh.
Sau thoi gian do, chuang trinh toan nang cao da bung no. Nam 1983, so hoc sinh d6 chuang trinh m ' u kh6nS the"h6m lua, thi toan nang cao da tang gan gap MV r a k h 6 i biP-doi, tir 18 len 31 hoc sinh. Nam tiep theo, con so' do lai tang gap doi len den 63 em. Va no van tiep tuc tang len. Nam 1987, Garfield co 129 hoc sinh tham du ky thi thi 85 hpc sinh da nhan dupe hpc bong. Truong Trung hpc Garfield d Dong Los Angeles da timg bi coi la "16 cong" thoat cho khu vuc, nay da dong gop 27% tong so hpc sinh thi do ky thi toan nang cao ciia nhung ngucri My goc Mexico tren toan nude My.
KICH NO
Tat ca hpc sinh cua trudng Trung hpc Garfield deu cam nhan dupe lpi ich tir Nguyen tac Dpng luc. Nha trudng bat dau md cac ldp dao tao de chuan bi cho nhung cupc thi nang cap. Liic dd, hpc sinh trudng Garfield da tham du thudng xuyen cac chuong trinh thi nang cao nhieu bp mon, nhu mon tieng Tay Ban Nha, mdn toan, mdn lich sir, lich sir chau Au, sinh hpc, vat ly, tieng Phap, hanh chinh va tin hpc.
Nam 1987, chin nam ke tir ngay Escalante khdi xudng chuong trinh, hpc sinh trudng Garfield da tham du ky thi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
vdi hon 325 bai thi nang cao. That bat ngo, Garfield da co mot danh sach tren 400 hoc sinh d nhung khu vuc lan can dang cho xin nhap hoc. Ngoi trudng da tung trd thanh tro cudi cho khu vuc va gan nhu mat het uy tin, gio day lai trd thanh mdt trong ba trudng trung hoc cap thanh pho dan dau nude My. Do la sue manh uy luc cua Nguyen tac Ddng luc.
CHi NGUGT LANH DAO M O I TAO DIJOC DONG LUC
Nha lanh dao phai biet tao dung dpng luc de nhung ngudi di theo lmh hpi. Va nhung nha quan ly co the tiep tuc khi mpi ngudi da co ddng luc. Nhung de tao dupe dpng luc, ddi hdi ngudi biet thuc day dupe nguoi khac, chu khong phai nhung ngudi can duoc ngudi khac thuc day. Harry Truman da noi: "Neu anh khong the chiu duoc ndng, thi hay ra khdi be'p." Nhung ddi vdi nhung nha lanh dao, nhac nhd dd nen dupe thay thanh: "Neu anh khdng the nhdm lua thi hay ra khdi be'p."
CHAN LY VE DONG LUG
Dpng luc la tri ky ciia mpt nha lanh dao. Ddi khi dd la khac biet duy nhat giua that bai va chien thang. Dieu dd giai thich tai sao trong nhung tran bdng rd, khi dd'i phuong dang lien tuc ghi diem va bat dau phat trien dpng luc vdi tdc dp rat nhanh, thi huan luyen vien gidi se nhan ra va xin hdi y.
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NGUYEN TAC D0NG LUC
Ong biet rang, khi dpi ddi phuong co nhieu ddng luc thuc day, thi • dpi cua dng gan nhu thua cudc. m i c 6 M d 0 n g ^
Thuc day cung tao dung mdt han co the tao ra su khac biet Idn trong to chuc. h*u h& m<?'d6i thaV-Khi thieu dpng luc thi ngay ca cong viec vd ciing don gian cung co the trd thanh nhung chuong ngai va khd khan. Nhung khi cd ddng luc, ban se thay mdt tuong lai xan lan, chuong ngai chi con la chuyen nhd va nhung rac rdi chi con la tam thdi.
Ddng luc giup kha nang cua nha lanh dao duoc nhin nh$n tdt hon
Khi nhung nha lanh dao cd dpng luc thi mpi ngudi coi hp la thien tai. Hp quen ngay nhung khuyet diem trong qua khu. Hp quen di nhung sai sot ma nha lanh dao da mac phai. Ddng luc lam thay ddi cai nhin ciia mpi ngudi ve nha lanh dao.
Ddng luc giup nhung ngudi dudi quyen lam vl$c tdt hon kha nang cua ho
Khi nha lanh dao vira manh me vira cd kha nang tao mpt ddng luc trong to chiic, thi mpi ngudi se dupe thiic day va dupe truyen cam hung de lam dupe nhieu viec hon, chat lupng cao hon. Hieu qua cdng viec tham chi vupt ca hy vpng va mpng dpi cua hp.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Neu ban nhd dpi tuyen Olympic khiic con cau ciia nude My nam 1980 thi ban se nhan ra tdi dang noi ve dieu gi. Dpi tuyen la mdt dpi manh nhung gidi chuyen mdn cho rang dpi van chua dii manh de dat duoc huy chuong vang. Song do la nhung gi ma nguoi My lam. Tai sao vay? Bdi vi tren dudng di tdi tran tranh giai vo djch, hp da lan lupt chien thang tat ca nhung dd'i thu vd cung deo dai. Ho da cd rat nhieu ddng luc, den ndi hp cd the lam ca nhung viec vupt ra khdi kha nang cua hp. Va sau khi chien thing dpi tuyen Nga, khdng gi cd the ngan can hp ve nha vdi huy chuong vang.
E)i£u khl£n dong luc de hon khdi ddng
Ban da bao gid ludt van chua? Neu nhu da hing, ban se biet rang bat dau cd' gang diing day tren mat nude khd khan the nao, nhung khi dung dupe rdi, thi dieu khien van trupt lai trd nen rat de dang. Hay nhd lai lan dau tien ban trupt. Trudc khi ban dung len, cai xudng da keo ban di mpt doan kha xa va cd cam giac ddi tay ciia ban trd thanh ddi canh xe ddi ddng nude khi chung dang do xd vao nguc va mat ban. Trong khoanh khac, ban da nghi rang ban se khdng the giii dau day lau hon dupe nua. Nhung khi nude day cai van trupt ciia ban len khdi mat nude thi liic dd ban khdng can phai cd' gang nua. Va dd la diem ban cd the tao nen budc ngoat khi chi can kheo leo thay dd'i trpng lupng tir chan nay den chan kia. Dd la lanh dao dieu khien dpng luc. De bat dau mdt cdng viec ludn cd nhieu thu thach nhung khi ban dang thuc hien no thi ban that su cd the bat dau lam dupe nhung viec phi thudng.
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NGUYEN TAC DQNG LUC
Dpng luc la xuc tac thay d6l manh me nhSt
Khi co dii dong luc, ban co the tao ra hau het moi doi thay, dieu nay da duoc chung minh qua cau chuyen ve truong Trung hoc Garfield. Dpng luc dua chiing ta den cot mdc chien thang.
THI/ THACH LON NHAT CUA TOI
Voi tu each la mot nha lanh dao, cupc chien Ion nhat ciia toi lien quan tdi dpng luc xay ra d Skyline, giao doan thii ba toi coi sdc. Tdi den dd vdi vai trd la muc su chinh vao nam 1981 va khi do, nha thd bat dau phat trien, toi khdng cd nhieu thdi gian de nhan ra rang chiing toi can phai chuyen ddi den mdt vi tri mdi de dap ung du nhu cau can thiet cho mpt giao doan dang phat trien.
Liic dau, toi nghi dieu do se khdng thanh van de. Chuyen ddi tdi mdt vi tri mdi vdi ngan ay thanh vien khong phai la cpng viec de dang, song chiing tdi dang cd mpt co hpi tdt de chuyen di. Chiing tdi da bat dau phat trien va so thanh vien dang gia tang nhanh chdng, tu mdt nghin len den hon hai nghin. Thdng qua viec ap dung Nguyen tac Than tin, chiing toi da cd ben minh mpt dpi ngu can su manh me va ddng lpng. Tinh than, khi chat ciia mpi ngudi dang rat manh me va toi cung co nhung kinh nghiem huu ich trong viec coi sdc ca hai giao doan trudc day. Nhung toi da khdng tinh den tinh quan lieu trong bp may chinh quyen d San Diego va he thong luat phap d California.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Khi toi con la muc su phuc vu giao doan Indiana, chung toi cung da co qua trinh phat trien rat mau le va cung da mpt lan chuyen doi de xay dung mpt nha thd mdi. Mpt giao huu da ung hp cong diic cho giao doan mpt manh dat nho va chiing toi bat dau xay dung ngoi thanh dudng chi trong vai tuan. Nhu vay, qua trinh tii khi chiing toi cd y tudng chuyen ddi, khdi su cho den khi hoan thanh nha tho moi chua day chin thang.
Mpi thii d day khdng qua khac biet so vdi d California. Chiing toi bat dau qua trinh chuyen ddi nam 1984. Nhung yeu to nhu tinh hinh chinh tri sd tai, moi lien quan voi nhung khu dat lan can va su quan lieu cua bp may chinh quyen da lam cho du an von duoc len ke hoach la ba nam, da phai keo dai gap hon ba lan so vdi ke hoach. Chiing toi da mat dung 11 nam chi ie xin giay phep dia chinh va gidy phep xay dung. Khi du an dupe cap phep thi tdi cung khong con la lanh dao ciia giao doan nua. Liic dd, Jim Garlow da ke tiep vai tro ciia toi, trd thanh muc su chinh, cung vdi mpi nguoi trong giao doan tiep tuc cdng viec xay dung thanh dudng va hp da hoan thanh rat tdt cdng viec.
Thii thach Idn nhat ciia cupc ddi tdi trong vai tro la nha lanh dao la giu vung duoc dpng luc trong nam nam cuoi ciing o Skyline. Mpi nguoi d hau het cac nha thd khac se bo cupc neu hp gap phai nhiing khd khan nay va giao doan ciia hp se bj co cum lai. Nhung dieu dd da khong xay ra d Skyline. Vay dieu gi da giii chiing tdi lai? Cau tra loi cd the dupe tim thay d Nguyen tac Dpng luc. Toi da lam tat ca mpi dieu tich cue trong sudt thoi gian dd de xay dung dpng luc. Tdi van
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NGUYEN TAC DQNG LUC
tiep tuc giu vung muc tieu cho viec chuyen doi truoc cong doan. Chung toi da ap dung dieu do nhu mpt thoi quen de tap trung vao yeu to' kha thi thay vi dua tren nhung gi bat kha thi, chiing toi thuong xuyen to chiic lien hoan moi khi gianh chien thang, bat ke su thanh cong ay d miic dp nao. Trong moi dip do, chiing toi lai ban bac ke hoach trien khai phan cong viec tiep theo. Chiing toi phat trien nhung nhom nho, xay dung va boi duong de hp manh hon, dong thoi tiep tuc tap trung vao viec phat trien cac lanh dao. Dieu do da giiip chiing toi phat trien. Dpng luc ma chiing toi xay dung manh me den noi, cho dii 11 nam kho khan, nhieu can tro ciing khong the ngan can dupe chiing toi.
Neu udc mo ciia ban la muon lam nen mpt su nghiep Ion vdi td chiic ciia minh, hay dung bao gid coi thudng siic manh ciia ddng luc. No that su la tri ky ciia nha lanh dao. Ne'u ban phat trien dupe dpng luc, ban cd the lam tat ca mpi thii. Do la siic manh ciia Nguyen tac Dpng luc.
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N G U Y E N T A C U T J T I E N
Mia lanh dao hieu rang hanh dong khdng nhat thiet la hoan thanh
N hung nha lanh dao se khong bao gio tap trung phat
trien mpt van de nam ngoai pham vi uu tien. Do la each ma nhung lanh dao gioi giang thuc hien, bat ke cong viec cua hp la lanh dao mpt nhom lam vi§c, dung dau mpt giao doan, mpt cong ty nho hay lanh dao ca tap doan tri gia hang ti do-la. Toi nho lai van de nay khi toi di chuyen cac cong ty ciia minh tir San Diego, California toi Atlanta, Georgia vao nam ngoai.
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21 NGUYEN TACVANG.
Toi tung nghi rang minh se danh trpn phan doi con lai voi San « m i l 5 n h d a o M n g u o i
Diego. Do la mpt thanh pho lpng t r i o l m n g o n c & y c a o n M t
lay, tho mpng va la mpt trong trong rung, quan sat toan nhung thanh pho co khi hau tot bp khu rieng roi het len: nhat the gidi. Tu thanh pho' chi 'mpt khu rieng te hai!'" mat muoi phut de co the den dupe - Stephen Covey bai bien va mat khpang hai gid de den dupe dudng trupt tuyet. Thanh pho co cac hoat dpng van hoa, tap trung nhieu cau lac bp the thao chuyen nghiep, nhieu nha hang ndi tieng va dac biet noi day cd mpt san golf rpng Idn, toi thudng den choi d san do. Vay tai sao toi lai co the rdi mpt thanh pho dang mo udc nhu vay?
Nhung roi mpt ngay, toi dat biit va bat dau danh gia lai nhung uu tien cua minh. Toi thudng xuyen phai danh mot khoan chi phi Idn cho nhung chuyen di xa, vi tdi thudng xuyen cd nhung cupc dien thuyet va nhieu cdng vi$c bupc toi phai di chuyen. Va tdi nhan ra rang, neu tiep tuc song d San Diego, toi se tiep tuc mat qua nhieu thdi gian cho nhung chuyen di, vi co mpt dieu bat ti§n la d day chi t|p trung vai dai ly hang khong de tdi cd the d§t ve. Vi the, tdi da nhd Linda, thu ky ciia tdi tinh giiip xem tdi da mat bao nhieu thdi gian vi nhung ly do khdng dau ay. Va toi da soc khi tinh ra, rieng nam 1996, tdi da mat 27 ngay bay tuyen San Diego - Dallas, chi de ndi ch#ng bay. Dd ciing la liic toi phai quyet djnh di chuyen INJOY va nhiing cdng ty khac tdi khu vuc co djch vu hang khdng thu£n lpi hon. Stephen Covey da
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nhan manh: "Nha lanh dao la ngudi treo len cai cay cao nhat trong rung de co the quan sat toan bp khu rung roi het len 'khu rung nay qua tdi'." Tdi nhan thay dieu dd rat dung vdi hoan canh cua minh va nhung gi chung tdi chuan bi lam.
Cuoi cung, chung tdi da thong nhat y kien Atlanta la mpt khu vuc ly tudng. Trudc het, no la trung tam hang khdng chinh. Tu dd tdi cd the di tdi dupe 80% tong so' khu vuc trong toan nude My chi vdi hai gid bay. Nhu vay, no co the tiet kiem cho tdi nhieu thdi gian trong nhung nam tdi. Thu hai, khu vuc nay cd phong canh dep, cung la trung tam van hoa vdi nhieu hoat dpng giai tri. Cuoi cung, nhung ngudi theo toi sau khi rdi California den day se cd muc sdng cao hem. Quyet tam cho cupc di chuyen kha manh me nhung cung can phai cam cm su cham chi va su lanh dao manh me ciia nhung ngudi lam viec vdi toi.
QUY TAC 3R
Ngay sau khi tdi Atlanta, tdi da danh thdi gian xem xet lai . vai lan thu tu uu tien ciia ca nhan minh. Trudc kia, lich trinh ciia tdi mdi liic mpt day va nang hon. Vi cdng ty ciia toi cung da phat trien Idn manh. Bd'n nam ve trudc, chung tdi chi cd khoang hon 20 nhan vien thi nay chiing tdi da cd tren 100 can bp nhan vien. Nhung lam vi£c nhieu hon khdng cd nghia la chung tdi dang thanh cdng va hoan thanh dupe muc tieu su vu ciia minh, vi the, ban phai xem xet Nguyen tac Uu tien.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Muoi nam trd lai day, toi da thuc hien hai phuong phap danh gia hanh dong va xac dinh nhung uu tien cho minh. Truoc het la Nguyen ly Pareto. Toi thuong giang nguyen ly nay trong cac hoi thao ve lanh dao trong nhieu nam va toi cung da giai thich nguyen ly trong cudn Phat trien ky nang lanh dao. Noi dung cua nguyen ly dd la: Neu ban danh tat ca su chu y cung nhu moi su dau tu vao top 20% nhung dieu kien — :— quan trong, thi ban se cd 80% «C6 rat nhieu thubkmh hieu qua cong viec cua ban. Vi du m > n h m g M c 6 v M m
nhu, neu ban cd muoi can bp ldm tdi thich." nhan vien, ban nen dau tu 80%
- Tim Redmond thoi gian, tien tai, vat luc va nhung dieu kien tot nhat cho hai z— ngudi. Neu ban cd 100 khach hang, thi 20 ngudi trong so hp se mang den cho ban 80% hieu suat kinh doanh. Neu ban cd muoi viec phai lam thi hai viec quan trpng nhat trong so dd se chiem 80% thdi gian lam viec cua ban. Neu ban chua that su nhan ra hien tupng nay, ban hay kiem tra va se nhanh chdng nhan ra hpat dpng ciia no.
Chi dan thii hai tdi sii dung la Quy tac 3R. Chiing khong phai Reading (dpc); Writing (viet) hay 'Rithmetic (so hpc). 3R ciia tdi cd nghia la Requirement (yeu cau), Return (ket qua) va Reward (phan thudng). De dat dupe hieu qua, nhiing nha lanh dao bupc ban than thuc hien ba yeu cau sau:
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NGUYEN TAC UU TIEN
1. Yeu ciu dl£u gl?
Tat ca chung ta deu phai chiu trach nhiem trudc mot ai do - chu lao ddng, ban giam dd'c, cd ddng, hay mdt ngudi nao dd. Trong trudng hop dd, danh sach thu tu uu tien cua ban se ludn phai bat dau bang dieu hp can d ban. Bat ke yeu cau nao ma khdng ddi hdi ban thuc hien vdi tu each ca nhan, ban cd the uy nhiem ngudi khac lam thay.
2. Dieu gl mang lai k£t qua in tuong nhit?
La mdt nha lanh dao, ban nen danh nhieu thdi gian lam viec trong nhung linn vuc sd trudng nhat cua minh. Neu 80% cdng viec dd cd the do mdt ai dd trong to chuc hoan thanh tdt, ban hay giao trpng trach dd cho hp. Neu cdng viec dd hoan thanh theo dung chi tieu va mong mudn cua ban, thi hay tao dieu kien cho ca nhan dd phat trien.
3. Di£u gl mang lai phin thuong xung ding nhit?
Tim Redmond da thua nhan: "Cd rat nhieu thii bat mat tdi, nhung chi cd vai thu lam tdi thich." Thu mang den nhung phan thudng ca nhan Idn nhat la nhung cai "bat lua" trong cupc ddi cua mpt nha lanh dao. Khdng gi tiep them dupe sue manh cho mpt con ngudi hon chinh su say me.
TIEP TUC UU TIEN
Uu tien quan trpng nhat cua tdi sau khi rdi den Atlanta la danh nhieu thdi gian hon cho gia dinh minh. Vi vay, tdi da
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21 NGUYEN TACVANG.
ban bac voi vo toi, Margaret, va chung toi da di quyet dinh xem xet thoi gian bieu cua chung toi nen nhu the nao. Sau do, chung toi cung toi tham boh lanh dao trong to chiic ciia toi va vai nguoi 6 nhung vi tri quan trong de giiip toi xac dinh thii tu uu tien cho cong viec ciia nam tiep theo. Khi chiing toi de cap nhung van de do voi ho, ho da trinh bay nhung thii hp can lam voi toi, con toi thi chia se y tuong ciia toi vdi hp. Tat ca chiing tdi cung di den quyet dinh ve khoang thdi gian ma tdi se danh cho bd'n vi tri chu chdt. Day la nhung gi ma chiing toi da thda thuan:
LINH VUC TH6l GIAN PHAN PHOI
1. Lanh dao 19%
2. Giao tiep 38%
3. Sang tao 31%
4. Tao mang ludi 12%
Tdi say me tat ca cac linh vuc tren. Tat ca nhung linh vuc nay deu tuyet dd'i can thiet cho su phat trien va thinh vupng ciia mdi to chiic, chiing se mang den hieu qua cao nhat cho thdi gian ma tdi bd ra. Cho den nay, nhung chi dan nay dudng nhu van con rat huu hieu cho cac cdng ty va ca ca nhan toi nua. Nam nao cung vay, chiing toi cung xem xet, kiem diem lai ty 1? uu Hen nay va xac dinh xem chiing tdi da ap dung hieu qua nhu the nao. Khdng nhat thiet phai hoan thanh trpn ven cdng viec. Neu mudn hep tuc dat hieu qua, chiing tdi phai lam vi£c theo diing rinh than ciia Nguyen tac Uu tien.
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NGUYEN TAC UU TIEN
UU TIEN LA TEN CUA CUOC CHOI
Nhin vao cuoc doi cua bat ky mpt nha lanh dao loi lac nao, ban deu co the nhan ra nhung uu tien ma hp dat ra trong moi hanh dpng. Liic nao cung vay, moi khi Norman Schwarzkopf nhan mpt menh lenh moi, ong khong chi dua tren true giac lanh dao ciia ong ma ong con xem xet lai tat ca cac uu tien ciia don vi. Khi Lee Iacoca tiep quan chiec ghe ciia Chrysler de lai, viec dau tien ong lam la tiep tuc thuc hien nhung uu tien ciia nguoi tien nhiem. Khi "ngoi nd"-Roald Amundsen dua dong dpi ciia ong toi Bac Cue va tro ve thanh cong, no la ket qua ciia kha nang lua chpn thii tu iru tien.
Mpt nha lanh dao thien tai trong linh vuc nay, mpt trong nhiing than tupng ciia toi, John Wooden, la cuu huan luyen vien truong dpi bong ro UCLA Bruins. Ong da dupe gpi la Thdy phii thuy ciia Westwood boi nhung chien thang day kinh ngac da dat dupe trong gioi the thao cac truong dai hoc, rat ah tupng va ky dieu nhu the ong co phep mau.
Kha nang lua chpn nhung nhiem vu uu tien ciia Wooden co the dupe nhan ra ro rang qua each luyen tap bong ro ciia ong. Wooden khang dinh rang, nhung phuong thiic ma ong co dupe la nho quan sat tir Frank Leahy, cuu huan luyen vien truong dpi bong da truong Notre Dame luyen tap. Ong da noi: "Toi thuong toi xem dpi ciia 6ng (Leahy) luyen tap va thep doi each ong chi dao qua timg thdi diem, sau dd ve nha phan ta'ch ly do dng da chi dao quan cua minh choi nhu vay. La mpt cau thii, tdi da nhan ra cd nhung diem tdi quan
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
trong. Phuong thuc ciia Leahy ciing cdy tuong ciia toi va do la nhiing gi toi dang thuc hien."
MUC DICH DUA TREN THl/ TU" UU TIEN
Mot so nguoi ban ciia toi da tung phuc vu trong quan ngu noi rang hp thuong trong tinh trang voi va va cho dpi. Mpt so huan luyen vien cung thuong lam nhu vay. Hp yeu caiu cau thii lam viec bang tat ca kha nang trong vong mpt phiit, sau do diing ra ben ngoai. Nhung do khong phai la each ma Wooden da lam. Ong da bo' tri chat che mpi thdi diem trong luyen tap va lap ke hoach cho moi hanh dpng voi nhiing muc dich ro rang.
Hang nam, Wooden xac dinh mpt danh sach nhung uu hen cho toan dpi, dupe dua tren ket qua quan sat hi miia giai trudc. Nhiing cdng viec cd the bao gom "Xay dung tinh tu tin trong Drollinger va Irgovich" hay "sir dung chien thuat 3-2 luyen tap lien tuc it nhat ba lan mpt tuan". Thdng thudng, dng cd khoang mdt ta cdng viec tuong tir ma ong mudn lam trong sudt miia giai. Nhung hang ngay, Wooden cung xem xet lai cong viec cho dpi minh. Moi sang, dng ciing trp ly lap mpt ke hoach rat ky cang cho budi luyen tap. Hp thudng danh hai gid ddng hd cho cdng viec lap ke hoach luyen tap trong ngay cho dii cdng viec luyen tap dd co the khong keo dai. Ong da ve nhung y tudng ra quyen so nhd ma dng luon mang theo ngudi. Ong lap ke hoach luyen tap chi tiet den tirng phiit va ghi lai thdng tin trong mpt quyen so. Co lan Wooden da khoe rang neu mudn hoi dpi ciia dng dang lam gi
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vao mpt ngay cu the liic ba gio chieu nam 1963, thi ong co the trinh bay voi anh mot each ro rang, chi tiet nhat.
Wooden luon duy tri tap trung va ong ciing da tim thay nhung phuong thuc huu hieu ap dung cho cau thu cua minh. Ong co mpt tai nang dac biet an tupng la co the thuc hien vai uu tien trong ciing mpt luc. Vi du nhu, ong da giiip cac cau thii luyen tap phuong thiic nem tu do - cong viec ma nhieu cau thii cam thay chan ngat. Thay vi chi nem, Wooden dua ra mot quy dinh nem tu do kem tranh cudp bong, nham khuyen khich ho tap trung nang cao va hoan thien ky nang. Cau thii canh cang sdm thuc hien dupe nhung cii nem thi anh ay cang co the som trd lai cupc choi. Va Wooden da tiep tuc thay doi so lan nem bdng danh cho nhung cau thii hau ve, tien dao va cau thii trung tam, vi the, cac thanh vien ciia dpi luon thay phien vao va ra vdi nhung ty le khac nhau. Vdi phuong thiic do, tat ca mpi ngudi bat ke chiic danh hay vi tri nao deu dupe choi bdng - uu tien then chot cho su nghiep bdi dudng, phat trien toan the dpi bdng.
Diem dac biet ndi bat nhat ve John Wooden - va dupe nhic tdi nhieu nhat trong kha nang lua chpn nhiing uu tien - la dng khdng bao gid di tim kiem tham do dd'i thu ciia minh. Thay vao dd, dng tap trung luyen tap de cac cau thii ciia dng dat dupe phpng dp cao nhat. Ong da khang dinh rang dieu do thdng qua luyen tap va su anh hudng tac dpng qua lai giiia ca nhan vdi cac cau thu. Muc tieu ciia dng khdng phai la chiic vd dich hay tham chi chien thang dpi bdng khac. Khat vpng cua dng la tao cho mdi cau thii dat dupe phong dp tot nhat, tir dd se cd mpt tap the hiing manh
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG
nhat trong thi dau. Va tat nhien, ket qua ciia Wooden rat an tuong. Trong hon 40 nam lam huan luyen vien, ong chi co mpt miia giai thua cupc - miia giai dau tien. Va ong da dan dat cac dpi UCLA bon miia lien tuc khong co doi thii va muoi lan vo dich NCAA. Khong co bat ky mot dpi bong ro ciia mpt truong dai hpc nao dat dupe ket qua nhu vay. Wooden la mpt nha lanh dao loi lac. Ong co the la mpt huan luyen vien tuyet voi, co the huan luyen cho bat ky mon the thao nao. Tao sao ong lai dat dupe ket qua do? Boi vi ngay nao ong ciing song theo Nguyen tac Uu tien.
TAP TRUNG VAO NHLuNG TIEU CHI XA HOI
Mpt trong nhiing nha lanh dao hieu qua nhat ngay nay khi noi den Nguyen tac Uu tien la Jack Welch, Chii tich kiem Giam doc Dieu hanh General Electric, nguoi ma toi da timg de cap trong chii de Nguyen tac Tai tao. Khi Welch dam nhan vai tro lanh dao GE nam 1981, day da la mpt cong ty phat dat. GE da co 90 nam lich sir, co phie'u ciia cong ty co gia 4 do-la va cong ty da co doanh thu 12 ty do-la, diing thii 11 trong tong so nhiing cong ty co gia tri co phie'u cao nhat trong thi truong chung khoan. GE la mpt cong ty khong 16 da chiic nang voi 350 chien lupc kinh doanh. Nhung Welch da tin rang cong ty con co the phat trien hon. Chien lupc ciia ong la gi? Ong da sir dung Nguyen tac Uu tien.
Chi trong vong vai thang lanh dao cong ty, ong da bat dau bing dieu ma ong gpi la cupc each mang phan ciing. No da thay doi toan bp bp mat va tap trung ciia cong ty. Welch noi.
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NGUYEN TAC UU TIEN
Hang tram linh vuc kinh doanh va nhung he thong san pham lam nen cong ty chiing toi da ap dung mpt tieu chuan dpc nhat: Lieu chiing co the la sd 1 hoac sd' 2 tren thi trudng qudc te? Trong sd' 348 linh vuc kinh doanh hay he thd'ng san pham dd deu khdng the, chiing tdi da ddng ciia vai linh vuc va tudc bd mdt sd'cai khac. Doanh so tu dd dat gan 10 ti dd-la. Chiing tdi da dau tu 18 ti dd-la cho nhung linh vuc cdn lai va xa hon se ciing cd'bang 17 ti dd-la tir vdn tai dau tu.
Phan cdn lai (nam 1989) ngoai tru mdt vai linh vuc kinh doanh nhd, dupe xep hang thii 14 trong gidi kinh doanh. Ta't ca deu cd vi tri tdt trong thap nien 1990... mdi linh vuc deu diing thii nhat hoac hai tren thi trudng the gidi.
Siic manh lanh dao va kha nang tap trung ciia Welch da dem lai nhiing ket qua het siic to Ion. Tir ngay ong lanh dao cong ty, chiing khoan ciia GE da tang len tren 20 lan va ban ra vdi menh gia hon 80 do-la mpt co phie'u. Voi nhiing ket qua dat dupe, tap chi Fortune da xep GE la cdng ty diing dau trong ca nude va gan day da tro thanh cong ty co doanh thu Idn nhat the gidi vdi sd'vd'n hon 250 ty dd-la.
Dieu gi da tao cho GE trd thanh mdt trong nhiing cdng ty hang dau the gidi? Dd chinh la kha nang ap dung Nguyen tac Uu tien ciia Jack Welch trong qua trinh lanh dao ciia dng. Ong khdng bao gid cd mpt quyet dinh sai lam nao trong cdng viec. Ong da hieu rat rd rang thanh cdng Idn nhat chi cd the den khi ban tap trung mpi ngudi vao nhiing cdng viec that su quan trpng.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Hay danh thoi gian de danh gia thii tir uu tien trong cong tac lanh dao ciia ban. Giong nhu GE trong nhung nam dau thap nien 1980, ban co muon mo rong ra tat ca mpi linh vuc ciia thi truong? Hay ban chi tap trung vao vai linh vuc co h?m nang mang den hieu qua cao nhat? Neii ban khong tuan theo Nguyen tac Uu tien, co khi ban chi dang can man quay tron cai banh xe ciia minh.
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1 8
N G U Y E N T A C H Y S I N H
Nhd lanh dao phai biei lui de tien
M ot trong nhung thay doi an tuong nhat trong lich su
thuong mai nuoc My, the hien Nguyen tac Hy sinh, xay ra 6 Tap doan Chrysler nhung nam dau thap nien 1980. Chrysler dang trong tinh trang hon loan va khung hoang nghiem trpng, cho du da tung thanh cong rue ro mpt thoi. Cong ty bat dau di vao hoat dpng tu giua thap nien 1920, khi Walter Chrysler gpp nhung cong ty xe hoi Maxwell va Chalmers Motor Car thanh cong ty mang ten ong. Nam 1928, ong da mua them Cong ty Dodge va Plymouth va khi ong qua doi nam 1940, cong ty cua ong da dung thii hai tren the gioi, tren ca tap doan san xuat xe hoi Ford, va chi dung
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
sau hang General Motors. Do la mot cau chuyen thanh cong tuyet dieu. Vi nhu cong ty Chrysler da nam toi 25% thi phan trong toan bo thi truong noi dia My.
Cong ty da giu duoc toe do phat trien tuong ddi manh cho den thap nien 1960. Mdt trong nhung thanh qua to Idn cua cdng ty Chrysler la ddi mdi cdng nghe dpng co. Cu the nhu, cdng ty Chrysler cho ra ddi nhung chiec xe hoi vdi dpng co co he thd'ng dot chay bang dien, va he thong phanh bang thuy luc dau tien, lan dau tien lap rap he thong dien tir dudi mui xe. Va trong thap nien 1960, nhung chiec xe hoi cua cdng ty lan dau tien dupe biet den qua cudc trung bay vdi nhung kieu mau nhu Barracuda, Dodge Daytona va Plymouth Road Runner - ten dat theo nhung van ddng vien dua xe chuyen nghiep.
TRl/OT DOC
Nhung den thap nien 1970, cong ty da trupt doc khong phanh. Nam 1978, gia cd phie'u ciia cong ty giam siit nghiem trpng, tir 25% xuong chi con 11%. Mpi thu trd nen cue ky toi te. Cdng ty cd nguy co pha san. Thang 11 nam 1978, Chrysler da mdi mpt nha lanh dap mdi ten la Lee Iacocca. Ong da thdi mpt luong sinh khi vao nhung chiec xe hoi, lam viec cat luc va tien toi nam cac vi tri cua tap doan Ford. Mac dii vdi chuyen mon la mpt ky su, song dng da tinh nguyen bat dau cdng viec ciia minh trong linh vuc kinh doanh cho Ford d Pennsylvania trong nhiing nam 1940 va cudi ciing,
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NGUYEN TAC HY SINH
ong da buoc len nam vi tri lanh dao 6 Dearborn Michigan. Trong thdi gian do, ong da lanh dao dpi ngu thiet ke, dua ra nhung mau xe hoi dac biet nhu Lincoln Continental Mark III va chiing loai Mustang, mdt trong nhiing chiing loai xe hoi noi tieng nhat trong lich sir xe hoi.
Nam 1970, Iacocca trd thanh giam doc cho tap doan xe hoi Ford, chiic vu cao nhat ciia cdng ty chi dudi quyen Chu tich Henry Ford II. Nhu vay, Iacocca da lam viec cho cdng ty Ford trong sudt 32 nam. Va khi dng di khoi cong ty nam 1978, cdng ty Ford van dang tiep rue trong giai doan phat trien vdi loi nhuan Idn, trong hai nam cudi dng d do, cdng ty da va Hep tuc kiem duoc 1,8 ti do-la mdi nam. Mac dii cudc chia tay khdng lay gi lam hay ho, do su bat tuong xiing giua nhung thanh qua cung nhu cd phan ma dng da dong gdp va xay dung trong thdi gian lam viec tai day va nhung gi ong nhan duoc khi ra di, Iacocca van hieu rat ro rang dng da cd nhiing thanh qua va vi tri rat tdt, va cd le dng se chang bao gid cd mdt co hdi khac nua. Tuy vay, khi rdi khdi Ford, dng mdi chi 54 tud'i va dng ciing nhan ra rang dng van cdn rat nhieu thii cd the cdng hien.
LANH DAO DE CUU NGUY
Ldi mdi ciia Chrysler cho vj tri dieu hanh cdng ty vira la co hpi, nhung cung la thach thiic Idn cho cupc ddi dng. John Ricardo, Chii tich Hpi ddng Quan tri Chrysler sau nay da nhd lai, liic dd, dng da nhan ra cdng ty can mpt nha lanh dao
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
gioi giang de co the tiep tuc ton tai, vi co nhung van de nam ngoai tam kiem soat cua ong. Theo Iacocca, Ricardo da biet rang, moi thu da vuot ra khoi kha nang cua ong, cho nen ong muon dua cuu thanh vien cua Tap doan Ford vao vi tri giam doc dieu hanh cho Chrysler. Riccardo se dong hanh vdi dng trong vai nam, vi the ma Iacocca cd the trd thanh chii tich kiem giam dd'c dieu hanh cdng ty. John Riccardo dang hy sinh ban than cho su tdn tai cua cdng ty va ket qua, Iacocca da cd co hdi thuc hien giac mo Idn nhat cudc ddi minh: trd thanh mdt ngudi diing d vi tri cao nhat ciia mdt to chiic hang dau the gidi.
IACOCCA - HY SINH DE TIEN LEN
Iacocca da chap nhan cdng viec, nhung cung da bat dau tren con dudng ciia su hy sinh ca nhan. Trudc het la hy sinh ve tai chinh. Khoan luong ma dng nhan duoc tu Chrysler chi bang gia mia so vdi nhung gi dng da nhan duoc khi lam giam doc d Ford. Su hy sinh tiep theo ma dng phai trai qua la cudc sdng gia dinh. Khi con d Ford, Iacocca ludn ludn tu hao rang dng da lam viec rat dac luc tii thii Hai den thii Sau,
nhung dng ludn d nha tron ven ngay thii Bay, Chu nhat va dem
Nguyen tac Hy sinh day thii San vdi gia dinh. Va khi da ve ban phai quen minh vi n n a / 5 n g khdng cdn su vuong van
su nghiep. n a o c u a c o n g v j e C khien dng phai rac rdi, lo toan nua.
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NGUYEN TAC HY SINH
Nhung khi lanh dao Chrysler, ong da phai lam viec gan nhu moi luc. Nhung tren tat ca ciia moi su hy sinh la khi ve nha, ong khong the ngu duoc. Iacocca sau nay da mieu ta cong ty dang hoat dong nhu mot cua hang ban le, khong co mpt dau hieu kha quan nao trong he thdng tai chinh hay he thdng dieu hanh cap co so, dich vu va nhung giai phap cung ung san xuat thi Idn xpn, npi dung san pham ngheo nan va gan nhu tat ca nhung chi nhanh bi ap dat dudi nhung tinh toan ich ky ciia cac phd giam dd'c, chinh ho da tir choi lam viec tap the. Tinh than, khdng khi nhu trong dia nguc lan toa knap cong ty, khach hang trung thanh dang bi khiing hoang tram trpng va cdng ty tiep tuc thua Id.
CON KHO KHAN CON PHAI HY SINH
Iacocca da hieu sau sac rang nhiing nha lanh dao thanh cong luon phai chap nhan hy sinh de khdi phuc lai to chiic. Hp phai sari sang lam tat ca nhiing gi cd the de vupt len mpt cap dp mdi. Chi trong ba nam, Iacocca da sa thai 33 trong tong so'35 phd giam dd'c. Song mpi su van tiep tuc tdi te va chua he sudn se. Lan dau tien, hp vap phai nhiing khd khan dp nen kinh te dat nude dang trai qua tinh trang suy thoai ham trpng va sieu lai suat mang lai. Gia dau tang vpt ke tir khi vua Iran bi phe'trua't dau nam 1979, gia cd phie'u tren thi trudng chiing khoan ciia Chrysler thi sut xudng chi con 8%. Mac cho mpi cd' gang ciia Iacocca, Nguyen tac Hy sinh dudng nhu khdng mang lai hieu qua.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
Iacocca da lam viec vat va hon de khoi phuc cong ty bang viec tuyen dung nhieu nha lanh dao kinh doanh gioi, rat nhieu trong so hp den tu tap doan Ford. Ong da cat bat tat ca
nhung chi phi co the nham cuu van cong ty, song tat ca nhung
Nguyen tac Hy sinh xdc hanh dong va su hy sinh ay dudng nhdn rang suhy sinh cua nhu chua dii. Chrysler dang roi mot ngubi hiem khi mang vao nguy co pha san. Iacocca da
lai thanh cdng. phai quyet dinh lan hy sinh kho khan nhat: Ngiia mu xin chinh phii My dung ra bao lanh khoan vay.
Khi con 6 Ford, Iacocca da timg Idn tieng chi trich nhung chinh sach ngoai thuong ciia chinh phu. Cho nen khi ong tdi cau cuu Quoc hpi giiip, khdng ai trong sd hp nhiet tinh tiep dng. Sau nay, Iacocca da nhd lai tinh tiet nay:
Trong suy nghi ciia Quo'c hpi va cac gioi chiic, chiing toi la nhiing nguoi co tpi. Chiing toi da bo qua thi truang va xung dang bi trung phat.
Va chiing toi da bi trimg phat. Trong sudt cupc giai trinh trudc Qudc hpi, chiing tdi bi dua ra trudc toan the gidi nhu nhung vi du sdng cho cai gpi la sai lam ciia nganh cdng nghiep My. Chiing toi bi si nhuc tren cac an pham vi khdng bd cupc va ngoan ngoan chiu chet... Vp con chiing tdi trd thanh de tai dam tieu d dip, trudng hpc. Dd la cai gia qua cao so vdi vi?c ddng ciia va bd di. Dd la nhiing hy sinh trong cupc sdng ca nhan tdi. That dau ldng.
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NGUYEN TAC HY SINH
Nud't tir ai vao long la tinh than "Lanh dao co nghia Id ldm hy sinh anh dung ciia Iacocca. guong cho nguoi khde. Khi c h * c c h i 5 n nha lanh dao cao anh 6 vi tri lanh dao, moi cap se chang bao gio phai trai qua ngubi se di theo nhat cu noi dau va tinh than anh dung nhu
nhat dong cua anh." dng. Nhung no lai la cai gia ma - Lee Iacocca dng phai tra de cuu cdng ty.
Cd it nhat mpt su hy sinh ma dng da phai chiu trong thdi gian
do la ong da phai tu cat giam toan bd so luong ciia minh xuong chi con mdt do-la mdt nam. Liic do dng da ndi rang : "Lanh dao cd nghia la lam guong cho ngudi khac. Khi anh d vi tri lanh dao, mpi ngudi se di theo nhat cir nhat dpng cua anh." Ong da thuc hien hanh dpng ay va keu gpi nhung ngudi khac ding lam. Ong da yeu cau tat ca ban lanh dao ciia Chrysler ciing hy sinh 10% luong. Sau dd, dng da de nghi va nhan dupe nhung su nhupng bp tir phia cdng doan va ngan hang, nhung td chiic dang lam viec vdi hang san xuat xe hoi. De Chrysler cd the thanh cdng, tat ca mpi ngudi trong cdng ty da phai hy sinh. Va thanh cong da den vdi hp. Nam 1982, hp da cd dupe lpi nhuan san xuat len den 925 trieu dd-la, lpi nhuan cao nhat trong lich sir cdng ty. Va den nam 1983, cdng ty da cd the tra dupe np.
Chrysler da tiep tuc thanh cdng va phat trien. Cdng ty da vupt qua dupe nhung thang ngay khung hoang va ngay nay, tong gia tri ciia cdng ty tren thi trudng chiing khoan My va Canada da tang gap ddi so vdi khi Iacocca tiep quan. Gid ong da nghi huu, nhung tinh than lanh dao ciia dng van la
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
kim chi nam cho hanh dpng cua Chrysler. Tai sao vay? Vi ong la tam guong trong Nguyen tac Hy sinh.
CAI TAM CUA NHA LANH DAO
Nhung gi diing voi Lee Iacocca thi cung diing vdi bat ke nha lanh dao nao. Ban phai hy sinh de tien len phia truoc. Ngay nay, rat nhieu ngudi mudn buoc len nac thang thang hen, vi hp tin rang tu dp va quyen hanh dang chd hp d dinh cao quyen luc ay. Nhung hp da khdng nhan ra ban chat ciia lanh dao la that su phai hy sinh.
Hau het mpi ngudi nhan thiic rang hy sinh la can thiet cho nhung buoc khdi dau su nghiep lanh dao. Mpi ngudi da hi bd nhieu thii de co dupe nhung co hpi phat trien. Vi du, Tom Murphy da bat dau su nghiep d General Motors vao nam 1973. Nhung dng da suyt tii choi vj tri dau tien ma dng da dupe sap xep vi vdi Tom Murphy, miic luong mpt tram do-la mpt thang chi vua dii trang trai. Mac du con lo ngai, nhung ong van nhan lam cdng viec dd, vdi suy nghi rang su hy sinh dd la xung dang. Ong da dung, cudi ciing Murphy da trd thanh chii tich cua hang General Motors.
CAI GIA CHO SI/ NGHIEP LANH DAO
Hy sinh la yeu to bat bien trong su nghiep lanh dao, no la mpt hen trinh phat trien, khdng phai chi mpt lan. Khi tdi nhin lai cdng viec ciia minh, tdi da nhan ra rang qua trinh phat
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NGUYEN TAC HY SINH
trien luon phai tra gia. Dieu nay chinh xac doi voi ban than toi ve H y s i n h M m$t q u d t r i n h
van de tai chinh moi lan thay doi mn tuc, khong phai la cong viec. Khi toi nhan cong viec hanh dong dien ra mot lan. dau hen, thu nhap cua gia dinh toi da bi sut giam vi luong cua toi thap, nhung vo toi da phai bo ca viec day hoc de ho tro toi hoan thanh cong viec. Khi toi nhan cong viec dieu hanh 6 Marion, Indiana, mot lan nua., toi lai phai cat giam chi phi. Sau khi ung tuyen cong viec muc vu thu ba, toi da chap nhan vi tri trong hoi dong ma cung khong he biet muc luong cua toi la bao nhieu. (Thuc te". no con thap hon.) Khi vai thanh vien trong ban lanh dao bay to su ngac nhien, toi da noi voi ho rang neu toi lam cong viec tot, thi muc luong se chi don thuan la luong. Va nam 1995, cudi cung tdi da rdi cong viec tai mpt giao doan sau 26 nam phuc vu de cd thdi gian giang day nghe thuat lanh dao, tdi cung da hy sinh phan luong bong. Bat ke khi nao ban nhan ra do la budc di dung thi dung ngai ngan hy sinh.
PHAI HY SINH DE TIEN LEN
Nhung nha lanh dao mud'n thang tien thi phai lam viec nhieu hon. Hp phai tu bo nhung quyen lpi cua minh. Nhu ban cua toi, Gerald Brooks da noi: "Khi ban trd thanh mpt nha lanh dao, ban mat di quyen nghi ve ban than." Vdi mpi ngudi, su hy sinh cd the khac nhau. Trong trudng hpp ciia Iacpcca, su hy sinh den d giai doan sau trong su nghiep.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Trong truong hop ciia mpt sd "Khi ban trd thanh mot n 8 u a i k h a c n h u c u u To ' ng thdng
nha lanh dao, ban mat di N a m p H F- w - de Klerk, ong da quyen nghi ve bdn thdn." l a r r> viec ben bi chdng lai chii
- Gerald Brooks n S h I a P h a n c h u n g t 6 c tren dat nude minh, cai gia phai tra la ca su nghiep ciia ong. Hoan canh ciia
mdi ngudi khac nhau, nhung nguyen ly la bat bien. Lanh dao cd nghia la hy sinh.
Nhung nha lanh dao phai hy sinh de tien len. Dieu do diing vdi mpi nha lanh dao, bat ke linh vuc chuyen mon nao. Noi chuyen vdi bat ke nha lanh dao nao, ban se thay hp luon phai hy sinh. Thdng thudng, chiic vu lanh dao cang cao thi su hy sinh cang Idn. Nhung nha lanh dao hieu qua phai hy sinh, tir bo nhung cai tdt de dat dupe nhung cai tot nhat. Dd la phuong thiic hoat dpng ciia Nguyen tac Hy sinh. Chii tich kiem Giam dd'c Dieu hanh Digital, Robert Palmer da noi trong mpt cudc phong van tuyen dung: "Trong mo hinh quan ly ciia tdi, cd mpt can phong rat nho ludn chuyen dpng. Neu anh mudn xin vao mpt vi tri quan ly, hay chuan bi trach nhiem va niem tin de thich nghi dupe vdi su chuyen dpng ay." Thuc chat, dng ay dang ndi ve cai gia phai tra cho su nghiep lanh dao.
Neu nhung nha lanh dao phai hy sinh de tiep tuc tien len, thi hp tham chi phai hy sinh nhieu hon de giu nguyen vi tri.
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NGUYEN TAC HY SINH
GIA CUA SU" LANH DAO
Khiban thang tien trong lanh dao, trach nhiem cua ban se tang len, con quyen loi thi gidm sat.
Ban da tung bao gio thac mac lam the nao co nhung dpi vo djch het miia giai nay den miia giai khac? Ly do rat don gian: Neu mpt nha lanh dao co the dua m^t dpi tdi chuc vd dich va chien thang, thi dng ludn phai ganh vac trpng trach dat dupe ket qua tuong tu cho nam sau ma khdng cd bat ke su thay ddi nao. Ong da bat dac di phai hy sinh nhieu hon, nhu viec luyen tap ca trong thai gian giai lao ciia miia giai.
Neu nhiing nhd lanh dao phai hy sinh detiep tuc
tien len, ho tham chi phai hy sinh nhieu hon de
giii nguyen vi tri.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Va chi co mot con duong duy nhat de giu nguyen phong do ding nhu vi tri la hep tuc phai hy sinh nhieu hon. Lanh dao thanh cong doi hoi hep tuc cai thien, thay doi va hy sinh. Nha tho, nha triet hpc Ralph Waldo Emerson da nhan dinh: "Khi bo qua thii nay, ban se rim thay thii khac, va khi dat dupe dieu gi do, chac chan ban da phai hy sinh vai dieu khac."
V I TRI CANG CAO, HY SINH CANG L 6 N
"Khi bd qua thii nay, ban se tim thay thu khac, va khi dat duac dieu gi do,
chac chan ban dd phai hy sinh vdi dieu khde."
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ai la nguoi co nhieu quyen luc nhat? Toi co the noi rang do la tong thong My. Hon bat ke mpt nguoi nao, nhiing ldi noi va hanh ddng cua ong deu cd anh hudng den mpi ngudi khdng chi d My ma tren toan the gidi. Hay rim hieu nhiing gi dng phai tir bd de buoc vao Nha Trang va sau dd la dieu hanh bp may chinh quyen. Thdi gian ciia dng khdng con la ciia rieng ca nhan dng, dng da phai xem xet mpi viec can than va kien dinh. Gia dinh cua dng phai chiu mpt siic ep khung khiep. Va duong nhien, dng phai dua ra quyet dinh cd the anh hudng tdi cupc song cua hang nghin ngudi. Tham chi, ngay ca khi dng da rdi Nha Trang thi ban than dng trong sudt cudc ddi cdn lai van nam dudi su bao ve cua Cue Tinh bao.
Nguyen tac Hy sinh ddi hdi, lanh dao cang cao thi cang phai hy sinh nhieu hon. Vp cua Martin Luther King, ba
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NGUYEN TAC HY SINH
Coretta Scott King da nhan manh trong cuon sach Cuoc song cua toi vai Martin Luther King Jr.: "Dien thoai rung ca ngay lan dem va co nguoi phun ra hang trang loi tuc tiu, ghe torn. Ho thuong xuyen ket thiic cuoc goi bang nhung loi ham dpa, chui bdi, de dpa gie't chiing toi. Nhung mac dii song trong su nguy hiem, hdn loan rinh rap gia dinh chung toi, toi van cam thay hanh dien va tu hao."
Trong khi theo dudi muc tieu lanh dao trong cupc chien bao ve nhan quyen, King da bi bat va bi tong giam rat nhieu lan. Ong da bi nem da, bi vu khdng va tan cdng. Nha dng bi dat bom. Song muc tieu va tam anh hudng cua ong tiep tuc phat trien. Ong da hy sinh tuyet dd'i tat ca mpi thii dng co. Nhung gi ong tir bo deu la vi giac mo ong theo dudi. Trong bai dien thuyet cuoi cung trong dem trudc khi ong bi am sat tai Memphis, ong da ndi:
"Toi khong biet dieu gi dang xay ra vdi minh liic nay. Chiing toi da cd mdt vai ngay khd khan. Nhung doi vdi tdi no khong quan trpng, vi tdi da d tren dinh niii. Tdi se chang quan tarn. Ciing nhu bat ke mpt ai, toi cung thich dupe song lau. Sdng lau thi co mdt gia trj rieng. Nhung tdi khong can phai quan tam tdi dieu dd bay gid. Tdi chi muon lam theo y Chua. Va ngudi se cho phep tdi di len niii Thanh. Va tdi vira chiem ngudng. Tdi da nhin thay vung dat hiia. Tdi cd the se khong di tdi dd ciing anh em, nhung toi mudn anh em dem nay biet rang, chiing ta la mdt dan tpc se di tdi mien dat hua. Cho nen, dem nay, toi that hanh phiic... Tdi chang sp bat cii ai. Mat tdi da nhin thay vinh quang ciia Chua roi den.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Ngay horn sau ong da trai nghiem su hy sinh tuyet doi. Siic anh huong ciia King that manh me. Ong da tac dong tdi hang trieu ngudi bang con dudng hda binh, kien dinh chong
lai he thd'ng xa hdi da danh dudi va true xuat hp.
Ban cane muon dat cap do MU~ - 1 -* ' Nhung gi ma nhung nguoi
lanh dao cao, ban cans , , 1 1 -* thanh cong cho la su that thi se tro
phai chiu nhieu hy sinh . _ , nen ro rang hon khi nguoi do trd
— -— thanh lanh dao. Se khdng cd mpt su thanh cdng nao ma khdng cd
hy sinh. Ban cang mudn dat cap dp lanh dao cao, ban cang phai chiu nhieu hy sinh. De tien len phia trudc, ban phai bd qua nhieu co hdi. Dieu do la bat bien trong nghe thuat lanh dao. Dd la Nguyen tac Hy sinh.
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N G U Y E N T A C T H O I C O
Thai diim cung quan trong nhu cdng viec va dia diem
N guyen tac Thdi co da mang den cho ong co hpi trd
thanh td'ng thong My. Dd la thdi ky dang quen trong lich sir dat nude. Moi ngudi da qua met mdi do cupc chien tranh Viet Nam va su nhuc nha cua vu Watergate. Mpi ngudi deu trong tinh trang that vpng va cam thay phong tuc, dao due dang bi bang hoai. Va hp nghi ngo tat ca nhung ai co lien quan tdi chinh phu Washington. Trong chien dich bau cu, vi tong thd'ng tuong lai, ngudi chua bao gid lam viec d Washington, da ndi ve ban than: "Tdi da bi che trach la ke
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
dung ngoai cuoc. Toi da bien minh cho han che ay. That khong may man, hau het nguoi My... ciing la nhiing ngudi ngoai cuoc." Ngudi do la Jimmy Carter.
CHIEN THANG NHO THOI CO
Khi ban nam duoc Nguyen tac Thdi co, ban se nhan ra tai sao Jimmy Carter da duoc bau lam tong thd'ng My nam 1976. Cuoc ddi va su nghiep cua Jimmy Carter da luon thang tien tren tung nac thang bang nhung co hdi va thdi co. Tot nghiep trudng Annapolis, Jimmy Carter timg co y dinh lam viec cho Hai quan My, nhung cha ciia dng dot ngpt qua ddi nam 1953 vi the, dng da chuyen den Plains, Georgia de giiip gia dinh kinh doanh. Chi trong vai nam, ong da gat hai duoc thanh cong, trd thanh mdt doanh nhan duoc kinh ne va xung dang la nguoi diing dau to chiic.
Nam 1962, thdi cudc thay ddi, co quan dau nao d Georgia vdi mot he thong bau cii day nhiing yeu to tieu cue da bat dau suy yeu rdi sup do, va Carter da quyet dinh ra tranh cii nghi si bang Georgia. Carter nhan ra rang, lan dau tien trong lich sir, mdt nguoi khong nam trong he thd'ng chinh tri co co hdi dupe bau vao mpt vi tri trong chinh phii. Nhung dng da phai dd'i mat vdi mpt cudc chien khdng Id. Dpi ngu quan chiic gia nua van dang tham quyen cd vi. Mpt quan chiic tham nhung da cong khai du dd cir tri trong dia hat ciia ong va lam sai lech ket qua bd phie'u. Hau qua la, Carter da that bai ngay tir buoc dau. Nhung dng da khdng tir bo de dang the. Ong da phan doi ket qua bd phie'u lan dau va thinh cau
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NGUYEN TAC THOI CO
len toa an toi cao de thanh tra toan bo tien trinh bo phieu. Khi ket qua kiem phie'u thay doi, Carter tiep tuc chien thang trong cuoc bau cii. Sau do, nam 1970, ong da thanh cong trong cuoc tranh cii vao ghe thong doc bang. Mot lan nua, ong da nhan ra thoi co da dung ddi vdi mot ngudi mdi, ngudi mudn thii siic xay dung mot he thong chinh tri.
NGl/dl KHONG PHAI LA LANH DAO KHO N H A N RA T H O I CO
Nhung gi ma Carter tiep tuc lam la ngoai siic tudng tuong. Ong da quyet dinh ra tranh cii tong thd'ng My. Ung cii vien cho chiic tong thd'ng vdn chi la mdt chinh tri gia vdi mot khoa thuong nghi si va mot nhiem ky thong dd'c ciia bang Georgia. Kinh nghiem ciia ong qua la qua it di va hinh anh ciia ong ding chua tiing mdt lan hien dien trong suy nghi cua ngudi dan trong nude. Carter gan nhu mdt ngudi la lam vdi tat ca moi nguoi khi xuat hien tren chuong trinh truyen hinh Khuynh hudng cua toi nam 1973, trong khi thanh vien chinh phii, nhung phe phai chinh tri khong biet den dng va ciing chang the doan duoc chuyen mon ciia ong.
Khi Carter lan dau tien buoc vao cuoc dua gianh ghe tong thong, tat ca moi nguoi trong chinh phii deu khdng biet gi ve ong. Ho chi mudng tuong ra mpt chiit ve mpt ngudi vdn la thd'ng dd'c mdt bang mien Nam, khong cd chut kinh nghiem song nao d Washington, va khdng cd bat ke mpt co hpi nap de nhan su tien cii vao Dang Dan chii de vao cudc
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
dua gianh ghe tong thdng. Nhung Carter da khong bi khuat phuc. Ong va vai cdng su da nhan ra thdi co dang den vdi dng nam 1976, ho da gap nhau de thao luan ve van de do. Nha tieu su hoc Peter G. Bourne da du cudc hop va ndi rang ong da nhin thay "mot dieu dac biet, mpt co hpi dupe md ra cho mpt ngudi 'ngoai dao' tranh cu vao chuc vu tong thong". Carter cung nhan ra dieu do, hon ai het, ong hieu rang, day la co hpi duy nhat ma dng cd - se khdng bao gid cd lan thu hai.
Carter thdng bao tranh cu td'ng thd'ng vao thang 12 nam 1975, mdt nam sau khi dng ket thuc nhiem ky thd'ng dd'c bang. Phan ung cua moi ngudi trong nude rat khac nhau. Peter G. Bourne da viet:
Duong nhu gidi bao chi khdng nam bat noi trao luu, dien bien va ddng thac chinh tri anh hudng tdi dat nude. Ho hoan toan mil tit ve nhung anh hudng tir chien tranh Viet Nam, vu Watergate, sir thay dd'i trong quan he sac tdc d mien Nam va dac biet la khuynh hudng md cua mdt tien trinh chinh tri va nhung ling cir vien chi bj xem xet theo he thd'ng chinh tri cu.
Nguyen tac Thdi co da chi ra rang dd la thdi co cho mdt ngudi "ngoai dao" tranh cir, va Carter cung da khdng cd diem nao tuong ddng vdi cac tong thd'ng tien nhiem: Ong khdng tham gia lam viec d bat cii co quan xa hdi nao trong thdi gian tranh cir, ke tir khi dng man nhiem nhiem ky thd'ng dd'c bang nam 1974. Ong khdng phai la luat su. Ong la ngudi Idn tieng chdng dd'i diic tin Kitd giao. Va dng ciing chang gid'ng bat cii mpt ngudi tien nhiem nao, khi hp la
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NGUYEN TAC THOI CO
nhung nguoi quan ly nhung co quan cao cap nhat ciia quo'c gia. Ong cung chua bao gio la thanh vien ciia he thdng chinh tri Washington nhu nghi si qudc hdi, thuong nghi si, pho tong thong hay mdt thanh vien than tin. Ong la mot guong mat hoan toan mdi, vdi mot con dudng di tdi quyen luc chinh tri kha dac biet, cd the noi la kha lieu linh. Toi tin rang da va se chang bao gid Jimmy Carter co them mot lan trung o i . Va that phi thudng ngay 20 thang 1 nam 1977, James Earl Carter da tuyen bd nham chiic tong thong lan thii 39 ciia My.
Du vay, thdi co khong phai liic nao cung la ban cua Jimmy Carter. Khi cudc bau cii nam 1980 dien ra, chinh no da huy hoai cac co hdi tai tranh cii cua dng. Dat nude da phai trai qua vd van van de nhu no da tiing ganh chiu. Nen kinh te hdn loan, ngudi My da phai dd'i dien vdi tinh trang lam phat hai con so, gia dau va no nan quo'c gia tang vpt. Chinh phii phai duong dau vdi nhieu van de ve chinh sach doi ngoai nhu viec Xd Viet tan cdng Afghanistan va tat nhien cd ca tinh trang con tin ngudi My bj giam giu d Iran. Va tinh trang mat on dinh da anh hudng rat xa'u den Carter, ding nhu anh hudng true tiep den cupc tai tranh cii. Dem tiep theo cua ngay bau cii, Carter da biet dng chi gianh duoc 49 la phie'u, trong khi dd'i thu Ronald Reagan dat dupe 489 phie'u. Nguyen tac Thdi co la con dao hai ludi. Trudc day, no giiip dng gianh thang lpi trong cupc dua gianh vi tri tong thd'ng vao cudi nam 1976, thi sau bdn nam, no da chdng lai dng.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
THOI CO LA TAT CA
Nhung nha lanh dao loi lac luon nhan thuc duoc thai diem nam quyen ciing co tam quan trpng nhu dieu ong ldm va dia diem ong tien hanh. Bat ke hanh dpng nao ciia nguoi lanh dao se chi co boh he qua that su nhu sau:
1. Hanh ddng sal, tai thdi diem sai se dan den tham hoa
Mot nha lanh dao dua ra mot quyet dinh sai trong mpt thoi diem khong thuan lpi thi chac chan se phai ganh chiu
nhung tac dpng tieu cue khon luong. Khi luc lupng My tham gia
Neu mpt nhd lanh dao lien vao cuoc giai cuu nhung con tin bi tuc khdng chi ra duoc dung \ r a n bat giu trong thdi chinh phu
sai, du Id mot viec nhd, C a r t e r / n o l a m i n h c m i n g c h o m 6 t
moi ngudi se- bdt dau suy q u y g i d ; n h ^ ^ r a k h 6 n g
nghi rang, de ong dy lanh r , r », , * *' * " dung luc. Vi muc dich cua quyet
dao Id mdt sai ldm. , ... , dinh la giai cuu, Ngoai truong
— -— Cyrus Vance da phan bac ke hoach do vi cho rang no cd van de
va dng tin rang se xay ra mdt tai hoa nao do. That khong may, nhung canh bao cua dng lai diing. Mpt loat may bay true thang gap van de ve may mdc, mpt chiec bi cuon vap con bao cat, cai con lai dam xudng san bay, tam nhan vien bi thiet mang. Peter Bourne da mieu ta no nhu "mpt su den diii kem theo hanh ddng vd ly ciia quan dpi". No chi cd the dupe mieu ta chinh xac la mdt ke pha hoai. Dd ciing la mdt minh
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NGUYEN TAC THOI CO
chung cho hanh dong khong dung thoi diem va cung nhu bat ke yeu to nao tuong tu, no bao hieu co hoi tai bau cu ciia Carter da ket thuc.
2. MQt hanh dpng dung nhung khdng dung thdi dl4m se b| chdl bd
Can chi ra phai hoan thanh cdi gi; va khi nao nen hanh dong. Toi nhd den mdt viec cd lien quan den van de khong diing liic ma tdi da gap phai. Do la vao nhung nam dau thap nien 1980, toi da thii tien hanh mdt chuong trinh nhdm nhd a Skyline, giao doan ciia tdi d San Diego. Dd la mpt cdng viec can thiet phai lam, nhung da that bai that the tham. Tai sao lai xay ra chuyen dd? Chiing toi da hanh ddng khong diing liic, chiing toi khdng nhan ra rang chiing toi co qua it can su de chuong trinh nay hoat dpng dupe. Nhung ngay sau dd, chiing toi da thii kich hoat lai chuong trinh, va da rat thanh cdng. Tat ca chi la van de diing thdi diem.
Neu mot nhd lanh dao lien tuc dua ra nhiing danh gid
sai ldm, ngay cd trong nhiing vi$c nhd, mpi ngudi
se cho rdng minh chon nhdm ngudi lanh dao.
3. Hanh ddng sal tai thdi d i im dung cung la mdt sal \&m
Nhieu cpng su cua toi da thuyet phuc toi to chiic mpt chuong trinh tren radio nhung, tdi da tii choi y tudng ay trong sudt mpt thdi gian dai. Nhung gan day, tdi nhan ra
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
rang da den luc tien hanh viec ay, cho nen chiing toi da thiet ke mot chuong trinh co ten Phat trien ngay nay. Dii vay, da co mpt van de xay ra ve mat npi dung. Toi da mudn tim kiem nhung phuang tien de giiip hp, nhung tdi nhan thay no khdng dupe xa hpi ling hp, khong dupe ai tai trp. Va giai phap dua ra la cii de cho no hoat ddng va tuy thupc kha nang tu xay dung chuang trinh ciia no, ket qua hoat dpng cua no se diing de tu nuoi sdng no. Dd that su la mpt sai lam. Chuang trinh da khong the tao dupe tieng vang. Phuong tien radio la diing, nhung loai hinh cua chuong trinh lai khong phii hpp. Nguyen tac Thai ca mpt lan nua len tieng.
4. Hanh dpng dung tai thdi dllm dung mang lai thanh cdng
Khi nhiing nha lanh dao thuc hien mpt cdng viec diing dan trong mpt thdi gian hop ly thi thanh cong la dieu chac chan. Nhan su, phuong thiic va tien trinh hpi tu se tap nen anh hudng to Idn. Va ket qua khong chi mang den lpi ich chp nha lanh dao ma con mang den cho ca nhung ngudi cpng tac va cho ca to chiic.
Khi nha lanh dao cd dudng loi dung dan va hanh dpng diing thdi co se tao ra dupe nhung dieu phi thudng. Cho tdi nam 60 tudi, chua cd dau hieu gi chiing to Churchill se la thu tudng Anh. La mpt quan nhan, mpt nha van, va mpt phat ngon vien, dng da danh ca cupc ddi lanh dao ngucri khac nhung chi trong thdi gian Chien tranh the gidi thii Hai, dd la thdi ca dua dng trd thanh mpt nha lanh dao vi dai. Va
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NGUYEN TAC THOI CO
khi chien tranh ket thiic, nhiing nguoi timg vay quanh ong lai lat do ong.
KET QUA CUA THOI CO
HANH DONG
Hanh dpng sai, thoi diem sai Tham hoa
Hanh dpng dung, thdi diem sai Til choi
Hanh dpng sai, thdi
diem dung * Sai lam
Hinh dpng dung, thoi diem dung Thanh cdng
Trong sinh nhat lan thii 80 ciia minh, phat bieu truoc Nghi vien ngay 30 thang 11 nam 1954, Churchill da nho lai thai ong la thii tuong: "Toi chua bao gid ddng y vdi nhung y kien uu ai cho rang tdi da tao cam hiing cho dat nude. Y chi ciia ho rat kien cuong, va cudi ciing da dugc minh chiing la khong khuat phuc. Dd la co hpi roi triing vao tdi. Cac qudc gia va dan tpc sdng tren toan the gidi vdn da co siic manh ciia mpt con su hi. Tdi chi la ngudi may man dupe cat len tieng gao ciia su hi."
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Dong gop ciia Churchill that su khong phai la may man, nhung
Khi nhd lanh dao gioi gap 6ng eta quyet dinh rat nhieu viec thai, dieu ky dieu sexdy ra. dien ra diing thoi co. Ong da hieu
dupe tam quan trpng ciia thoi co, thai co co the thay doi cupc doi
ciia mpt con nguoi. Ong da mieu ta thdi ca nhu sau: "No da den, mpt khoanh khac dac biet ciia cupc ddi mdi con ngudi, khoanh khac ngudi do dupe sinh ra. Do la mdt co hpi dac biet, khi ngudi ay chop lay no, no se trao cho anh ta sii mang - mdt sii mang ma anh ay se kheo leo thuc hien no. Trong khoanh khac ay, anh tim thay su vi dai. No la thai khSc tuyet vdi nhat cua anh."
NGUYEN TAC THOI CO TRONG CUOC CHIEN T R A N H C A M GO
Kinh nghiem cua Churchill da chi ra rang Nguyen tac Thdi co cd dau an rat dac biet trong thai gian chien tranh. Ban cd the nhan ra dieu do trong cupc chien vung vinh d Iraq nam 1991. Trudc khi cupc do bp Can bao sa mac dien ra, mdi quan tam Idn la phai cd du luc lupng va trang thiet bi de giii den nhiing khu vuc trpng yeu d cac nude Saudi Arab. Neu quan Iraq tan cong trudc khi quan Ddng minh den, thi mpt nude nao dd se roi vao tay cua Saddam Hussein.
Vi the phai dan quan du manh de cd the thuc hien muc tieu tan cdng Iraq. Quan Dong minh da chd dpi chien thang ciia khdng luc trudc khi tien hanh cupc do bp Can bao sa mac
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NGUYEN TAC THOI CO
clay quan Iraq khoi Kuwait. Va ket qua cua hanh dong dung thoi co co the duoc nhan ra: Trong khi quan Iraq bi thiet mang hang chuc nghin va hon 60 nghin quan bi bat song, quan doi My va cac dong minh chi mat duoi 150 quan si va chi co 41 quan bi bat lam tii binh.
Mot trong nhiing dac diem cua chien tranh la thuong xuyen rat kich tinh va bat ngo, dieu do khien Nguyen tac Thai co duac the hien rat ro rang. Neu nhu ban de y den nhung cupc chien tranh lan ban co the nhan ra su quan trpng cap bach ciia thai ca. Cupc chien Gettysburg (mpt thi tran 6 My) trong cupc npi chien My la mpt minh chiing tieu bieu.
Mpt truong xung dot da dupe khep lai khi Dai tuong quan Dong minh Robert E. Lee dua canh quan mien Bac Virginia toi Pennsylvania cuoi thang 6 nam 1863. Do da la nam thii ba ciia npi chien va ca hai quo'c gia da bi suy kiet, met moi vi xung dpt. Hanh dpng ciia Lee co ba muc dich: (1) Riit quan Dong minh ra khoi Virginia, (2) Tang cuong luc lupng quan dpi bang chinh nhiing nguoi d Pennsylvania; (3) Danh thang vao trung tam dau nao ciia quan dich, hy vpng bang each ay se day cupc xung dpt den hoi ket.
Chien lupc ciia vi tudng da phat huy tac dung d Harrisburg, Pennsylvania va da cd anh hudng thiic giuc quan Dong minh - cudi ciing Virginia da vpi va dau hang. Vai ngay trudc cupc chien, Lee da noi vdi tudng Trimble:
Quan linh dang co tinh than rat tot, khong qua m§t moi va co the tap trung chien dau trong khoang 24 gid d bat cii thdi diem nao.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Nhung toi van chua nghe thay tin quan dich vugt qua Potomac va toi van dang chd y kien cua tudng Stuart. Khi chung biet chiing ta dang d dau, chiing se md nhung cupc tan cdng. Chiing se tan pha bang su ddi khat va nhung cupc chien dam mau, xau ngudi thanh chudi dai va lam nhung dieu d ue'khi chung tdi Pennsylvania. Ta se tung ra mdt luc lupng hiing manh huy diet chiing va vupt len gianh chien thang, day het binh doan nay den binh doan khac vao nhung dot tan cdng lien tiep va day kinh hoang, trudc khi chiing kip hoang sp va lam rdi ren dpi ngu.
Lee da co gang nam lay co hpi de chien thang tuyet doi. Ong khong biet quan Dong minh da rdi khoi mien Bac nhieu ngay trudc do. Va ngay sau do, mpt so luc lupng da lien ket vdi luc lupng Ddng minh d dudng Cham-bersburg phia tay Gettysburg. Dieu dd da pha tan chien lupc ciia Lee va pha huy cac thdi co cua dng.
Phan ung dau tien ciia Lee la dung lai va cho cho quan oia dng du manh de tap hpp trudc khi tham gia cupc chien. Nhung vi ludn tinh tao tim kiem thdi co, dng da nhan ra thai diem quan cua minh hiing manh. Khi Lee quan sat tir mpt cay cau gan dd, dng da nhin thay luc lupng lien bang dang hanh quan va riit xudng. Luc lupng ddng minh dang co mpt co hpi chiem giii dupe viing dat cap d Cemetery Hill, gin giu chi bdi mot luc lupng nhd bp binh va phap binh. Neu hp co the kiem soat va giu vung dupe vi tri dd, Lee suy luan, hp co the kiem soat dupe ca khu vuc. Chinh no la ly do giai thich cho chien thang cua quan Dong minh va md ra co hpi ket thiic chien tranh.
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NGUYEN TAC THOI CO
T H O I CO M A T , CO H O I CUNG QUA
Nhung quan dpi mien Nam da khong kiem soat dupe qua doi do. Mac dii con rat som va thoi co da chin muoi cho mpt cupc tan cong hieu qua, tu lenh lien quan R. S. Ewell, nguoi dang nam giii vi tri kiem soat qua doi, don gian chi diing xem xet tran dia. Va co hpi da tupt khoi tam tay. Sang horn luc lupng hen quan ciing cd dupe nhung vi tri cii, co hpi cua Quan doan mien Nam da khong con. Quan mien Bac va mien Nam da phai chien dau them hai ngay va cudi ciing, quan ciia Lee da bai tran, 33.000 trong tong so 76.300 quan si tir tran va bi thuong. Lira chpn duy nhat cua hp la nit lui va trd lai Virginia.
MOT CO HOI KHAC DA MAT
Sau chien thang cua quan dpi mien Nam, Lee nghi rang, lire lupng lien quan dudi su chi huy ciia tudng Meade se thirc hien mpt cupc phan cdng va pha huy hoan toan lire lupng quan dpi ciia dng. Dd cung la suy nghi ciia Abraham Lincoln sau khi nhan dupe tin chien thang cua quan Dong minh. Nam dupe thai ca dd, tir Washington, D.C., Lincoln da ra lenh cho Meade qua tudng Halleck ngay 7 thang 7 nam 1863. Halleck da truyen dat menh lenh ciia Lincold nhu sau:
Tpi da nhan dupe tir ngai Tong thdng nhirng thdng 'in va tdi tran trpng giri tdi ngai thdng tin dd.
"Chung ta da cd thdng tin chic chan ring Vicksburg da dau hang tudng Grand ngay 4 thang 7. Va hi?n tai, neu tudng Meade cd the
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
hoan thanh nhiem vu ve vang vi luc luong cua Lee da bi suy yeu nghiem trong, va quan phien loan se bi ket lieu."
Lincoln nhan ra thoi co de ket thiic cuoc chien da den. Nhung chi vi quan dpi mien Nam da khong nam lay khoanh khac chien thang ay, tham chi hp khong huy diet quan doi phuang. Meade lai danh thdi gian theo duoi chien thang d Gettysburg ma khong tap trung dap tat luc lupng ciia Lee. Khi ong cong bo muc tieu, ong da noi: "Hay lay dat dai ciia chiing ta chon vui tat ca quan phien loan," Lincoln da phan ling lai: "Lay Chua, do co phai la tat ca khong?" Lincoln biet rang ong dang nhin thay co hpi ciia lien quan dang bi mat.
Nguyen tac Thai ca da bi pha hiiy. Ngay 14 thang 7, tan quan mien Bac Virginia con da vupt qua Potomac, chiing da thoat khoi su huy diet. Lincoln that kinh vi lien quan da danh mat co hoi ket thiic cupc chien. Sau nay, ong cho biet nhiing cd gang ciia Meade da lam dng nhd tdi "mdt lao ba dang cd gang xua dan ngdng qua con kehh".
Cudi ciing, ca hai luc lupng deu mat di co hpi tot nhat de gianh chien thang. Thuc te, cupc chien van con Hep dien them hai nam nua va hang tram nghin quan da bi thiet mang. Nhiing nha lanh dao cua ca hai phe da biet phai lam gi de chien thang, nhung hp da that bai trong viec nam lay khoanh khac quyet dinh van menh dd.
Dpc dupe tinh hudng va biet each xii ly no chua du de dua ban den thanh cdng trong ngh£ thuat lanh dao. Chi co hanh dpng diing mdi dua den thanh cdng. Bat ke mpi thii cung deu cd gia cua no. Dd la Nguyen tac Thdi co.
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N G U Y E N T A C
P H A T T R I E N B U N G N O
Be cong them, hay lanh dao cap duoi. Be nhan len, hay lanh dao thu linh.
N am 1984, 6 ruoi 22, John Schnatter bat dau cong viec
kinh doanh. Cau khdi nghiep bang cong viec ban banh pizza 6 cua hang Mick's Tavern, noi bo cau la dong chii hieu. Mac dii con rat tre nhung cau da co mQt tam nhin vi mo va nang luc de co the quan ly thanh cong cua hieu nho xiu ciia minh. Chi sau mpt nam, cau da mo cua hieu ban banh dau tien, ngay canh cua hang Mick 6 Jeffersonville,
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Indiana. Va cau dat ten cho ciia hang do la Papa John's. Tiep do, Schnatter da lam viec rat cham chi de xay dung cong ty. Trong thoi gian ay, cau tiep tuc mo them cac ciia hang, sau do cau thuc hien kinh doanh va kinh doanh nhuong quyen thuong hieu. Dau nam 1991, cau da co 46 ciia hang. Nhu vay, ban than no da rat phat trien va thanh cong. Nhung nhiing gi xay ra trong hai nam tiep theo qua that con tuyet voi hon nua.
SU PHAT TRIEN CUA PAPA JOHN'S
SO LU'ONC NHA HANG
Nam 1991 va 1992, Papa John's da phat trien voi toe do chong mat. Cudi nam 1991, so' lupng ciia hang da vupt miic gap ddi giai doan dau nam vdi 110 ciia hang. Cudi nam 1992, hp lai co them so lupng gap ddi nam trudc, so ciia hang liic nay da la 220. Va su phat trien tiep tuc tang chpng mat. Dau nam 1998, cong ty cua hp da xay dung dupe 1.600 ciia hang. Vay dieu gi tao cho hp co su phat trien nhanh
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NGUYEN TAC PHAT TRIEN BUNG NO
chong den nhu vay? Cau tra loi co the duoc tim thay trong Nguyen v i i c c u a m l d fy0 n g n
tic Phat trien Biing no. n h u n g n g u o i s c-
Schnatter luon tuyen nhung tao nen congty. nhan vien gioi, nhung giai doan - John Schnatter clau, anh chi la mot lanh dao ban hang, va don gian chi mong cho mot thanh cong nho nho. Tro lai nhung nam 1980, cau ay khong chii y, hoac cung chang quan tam danh thoi gian phat trien nhung lanh dao gioi. "Toi da phai dau tu kha nhieu de tu phat trien." Schnatter da tam su nhu vay. "Tu 26 den 32 tuoi, mot cong viec vat va nhat ciia toi la co qua nhieu nhung Schnatter John d xung quanh (nhung ngucri day nhiet huyet va can duoc huong dan). Ho can rat nhieu chi dan, nhung toi thi qua ban de tu trau doi ban than, toi dang co gang dat duoc cap dp cao hon nen toi da khong the boi duong dupe cho hp. Va ket qua, toi da danh mat hp. Cong viec toi phai lam la phat trien nhung nguoi dang xay dung cong ty. Va toi se cang vat va hon giai doan cong ty co duoi 1.200 ciia hieu."
CHIA K H O A PHAT TRIEN LA NGHE T H U A T L A N H D A O
Dau nhung nam 1990, Schnatter bai dau suy nghi ve nhung yeu td cd the thiic day cdng ty dng phat trien. Chia khoa cho su phat trien la nghe thuat lanh dao. Ong bat dau boi dudng kha nang lanh dao cho ca nhan minh. Dieu ah tupng trong tien trinh phat trien kha nang lanh dao la "md
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
cua thu hut" nhung lanh dao gioi cho cong ty va cho ho du thoi gian ho can. Do la nhung gi ong da lam trong viec tuyen mo nhung nguoi ma hien tai ho van dang lanh dao cong ty, trong do co Wade Oney, hien ong la truong phong san xuat. Wade da rung lam viec 14 nam cho hang pizza Domino, va John tin ong chinh la mot trong nhung nhan to dua cong ty toi thanh cong. Ngay sau khi Wade rod Domino, John ngay lap hie moi ong gia nhap cong ty banh pizza Papa John's.
Schnatter da xay dung mot cong ty san xuat banh pizza voi huong vi quyen ru va da thu duoc mot khoan loi nhuan khong 16. (Ciia hang ciia hp thuong ban gia cao hon nhiing ciia hang kinh doanh ciing loai nhu Pizza Hut, Domino's hay Little Caesar's.) Muc tieu ciia hp la xay dung mpt cong ty Ion. Dong thoi, hp da ciing nhau thao luan tim each xay dung hi 400-500 ciia hang moi nam. Va do cung la liic hp tap trung chii y toi su nghiep phat trien lanh dao, de hp co the dua cong ty len tam cao moi. Oney da noi: "Yeu to dua chiing toi den thanh cong la chiing toi tap trung vao chat lupng ciia hang va muc tieu cua chiing toi la lam cho no tro nen don gian. Thanh cong do la nho nhiing nhan vien gioi giang ciia cong ty."
Tir nhiing nam dau thap nien 1990, Schnatter va Oney da tao dung mpt dpi ngii lanh dao manh me, hp la nhiing nguoi da tao nen su phat trien bung no cho cong ty, trong do co nhung nguoi nhu Blaine Hurst, pho Chii tich kiem Giam doc cong ty; Drucilla "Dru" Milby, Giam doc Tai chinh; Robert Waddell, Giam doc phu trach thuc pham ciia cong ty; va Hart Boesel, Giam doc phu trach phat trien dai ly.
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NGUYEN TAC PHAT TRIEN BUNG NO
Su bung no phat trien cua Papa John's la mot hien tuong trong nen cong nghiep ma chi thap nien truoc do bi moi nguoi cho la mot cong ty du thua trong hang loat nhung cong ty canh tranh phat trien truoc no. Nam 1997, ho da khai truong them 350 nha hang. Nam 1998, ho hy vong dat duoc con sd tren 400 nha hang mdi. Va ho dang trong ke hoach trien khai md rong cdng ty len tam qudc te. Muc tieu cua hp la se khong ngung phat trien cho den khi trd thanh cong ty san xuat pizza Idn nhat the gidi.
Oney giai thich: "Thu thach ddi vdi chiing tdi liic nay la phat trien dpi ngu lanh dao tiep theo. Cong ty dang rat co trien vpng ve tai chinh, song viec md rong kinh doanh luon luon la mpt chien trudng. Tuy nhien, chiing toi se thanh cong. Va nen kinh te thi khong bao gid ngan can con dudng phuc vu khach hang nhung gia tri tdt nhat. Chia khoa la phat trien su nghiep lanh dao. Ban lam cdng viec do bang each bdi dudng, phat trien con ngudi."
BAI TOAN LANH DAO MANG DEN SI / PHAT TRIEN BUNG NO
John Schnatter va Wade Oney da thanh cdng vi hp da thuc hien Nguyen tac Phat trien Bung no. Bat ky mpt lanh dao nao thuc hien dieu do deu chuyen tu bai toan ve cap dudi sang bai toan ve ngudi lanh dao. Nhung nha lanh dao phat trien luc lupng cap dudi, mdi lan hp chi cd the bdi dudng mdt ngudi. Song nhung nha lanh dao phat trien nhung nha lanh dao thi hp bdi dudng theo cap so nhan, bdi
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
vi voi bat ky mpt nha lanh dao hp xay dung nen, hp ciing se phat trien dupe them luc lupng cap duoi, tii so ngudi di theo vi lanh dao do. Neu them muoi cap duoi vao to chiic ciia ban, quyen luc ciia ban se dupe md rpng them vdi muoi ngudi, nhung neu ban phat trien them muoi nha lanh dao thi quyen luc ciia ban se bao triim them muoi nha lanh dap, cong vdi tat ca nhiing ngudi chiu anh hudng cua muoi nha lanh dao dd. Do la diem khac nhau giiia cho them va nhan len. Co dieu gi do tuong ddng, gid'ng nhu phat trien to chiic ciia ban thong qua hanh ddng tap the thay vi hanh dpng
theo ca nhan don le. Nhiing nha lanh dao do ban phat trien cang
Bate* mot nhd lanh dao g i 4 i ; m i c n a ' t hrong va so lupng nao co the thuc Men c%p d u o i c a n g t a n g l e n
Nguyen tac phat trien hung no'deu co thephdt trien tit D * d i t 6 i c a p d 6 c a 0 n h a t ' b a n
bdi toan cua nhan vien P h a i P h a t t r i S n t h u 1 T n h ™ n h u T 1 S sang bai toan cua nguoi n n a 1 I n h d a o - ° n S b a n ™»
lanh dao. Dale Galloway da qua quyet: "Mpt so nha lanh dao co gang mudn xay dung dpi ngii cong nhan, con toi thi mudn phat trien
nhung nha lanh dao. Tdi khdng chi mudn phat trien nhung lanh dao ma tdi con mudn phat trien su nghiep lanh dao ciia nhiing nha lanh dao." Khi ban da thuc hien theo nhiing nguyen ly do thi gan nhu se khdng cdn gidi han ddi vdi su phat trien ciia to chiic cua ban. Chinh vi vay, tdi da ndi rang gia tang su phat trien, lanh dao nhiing cap dudi bang each gia tang bdi so phat trien, lanh dao nhiing nha lanh dao. Dd la Nguyen tac Phat trien Bung no.
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NGUYEN TAC PHAT TRIEN BUNG NO
NHA LANH DAO PHAT TRIEN CAP DUOI CHi TANG THEM MOT NGUOl MOI LAN
LANH DAO
Cap dudi
NHA LANH DAO PHAT TRIEN NHA LANH DAO SE TANG THEM THEO CAP SO NHAN
LANH DAO
LANH DAO 1 I 1 i
Cap duoi LANH DAO LANH DAO Cap duoi I 1
Cap duoi Cap duoi Cap duoi Cap dudi
Cap duoi 1
Cap dudi
N H L T N G M U C T I E U K H A C N H A U
De trd thanh nhung nha lanh dao co kha nang phat trien nha lanh dao doi hoi tap trung mui nhon khac nhau mQt each tuyet doi vao nhung nha lanh dao chi phat trien luc luong cap duoi. Duoi day la mot so diem khac nhau co ban.
21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
NHA LANH DAO PHAT TRIEN LUC Ll/ONG
CAP DUOT
Can dupe nang cao vai tro
Tap trung vao nhung diem yeu
Phat trien nhom 20% yeu kem nhat
Ddi xu vdi tat ca mpi nguoi nhu nhau
Nam giu quyen luc
Danh thoi gian cho nhau
Phat trien theo cap so cdng
Chi anh hudng den nhung ngudi ma hp true tiep
tac dpng
NHA LANH DAO PHAT TRIEN LUC LL/ONG
LANH DAO
Mudn dupe thanh cong
Tap trung vao nhung diem manh
Phat trien nhdm 20% manh nhat.
Dd'i xu vdi nhung nha lanh dao thong qua sue anh
hudng cua tung ca nhan
Phan chia quyen luc
Dau tu thdi gian cho nhau
Phat trien theo cap so nhan
Anh hudng den ca nhung ngudi hp khong true tiep
tac dpng.
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NGUYEN TAC PHAT TRIEN BUNG NO
Phat trien nhung nha lanh dao se kho khan hon rat nhieu vi tim kiem va loi cuon nhung nha lanh dao khac la viec lam kho hon. Ve quan ly, cung nhieu kho khan hon cho du ban da loi keo duoc ho vi khac vdi nhung ngudi cap dudi, ho la nhung ngudi day tinh dpc lap, sang tao va manh me, ho luon co khuynh hudng lam viec ddc lap va tu chu. Phat trien nhung nha lanh dao thuc thu la mot cong viec vat va. Phat trien lanh dao khdng don gian chi nhu do nude vao rdi khua'y len, ma la mdt cong viec can phai cd thdi gian, nghi luc va ca nhung nguon luc ho tro.
MOT NHA LANH DAO PHAT TRIEN Tl/ XA
Toi chu rim thuc hien cdng viec phat tried lanh dao da hem hai muoi nam. Nhung anh hudng dd'i vdi to chuc cua minh da rat khich le tdi. Khong chi cd vay, gan day, toi da nhan ra su anh hudng sau sac tdi nhieu nha lanh dao va td chuc cua ho. Sd di tdi nhan thay dieu dd vi da cd rat nhieu nhung nha lanh dao tdi da giup phat trien trong sudt thai gian qua con Idn hon rat nhieu so vdi sd'luong td chiic cua tdi. Va rat nhieu lan toi da vo cung ngac nhien khi gap nhung ngudi nhung khdng he quen biet. No cung da xay ra vao miia thu nam ngoai trong mpt CUQC hdi thao ve lanh dao tdi td chiic d nude ngoai.
Nhu tdi da de cap d nhung chuang trudc, tdi cung thudng xuyen giang ve lanh dao d nhieu nude tren the gidi. Toi da to chiic nhung hdi thao ve lanh dao d Australia, Brazil, Canada, An DQ, Indonesia, Han Qudc, New Zealand, Nigeria, va Nam Phi. Them vao dd, sach cua tdi da dupe
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
dich ra hem hai muoi thii tieng, bang ghi am duoc cung cap tren thi truang toan cau. Chinh vi vay, toi biet rang, nhiing nguyen tac ciia toi cung da di vong quanh the gioi. Nhung toi van vo ciing ngac nhien khi chiing toi toi An Dp vao miia thu nam ngoai, lan dau tien toi gap David Mohan tai thanh pho Madras va dupe nghe mpt cau chuyen vo ciing an tupng ciia anh.
Muc su Mohan lanh dao nha tho Tin Lanh Ion nhat An Dp. Toi da den do de giang ve lanh dao cho khoang hai nghin muc su. Khi toi dat chan toi, anh da tiep don toi nhu the chiing toi da la ban ciia nhau tir lau. Vi may bay bay tre tdi nam tieng ddng hd so vdi lich bay, nen toi den mupn va khong cd thdi gian de hai chiing tdi noi chuyen trudc khi vao gid giang. Va khi tdi giang ve lanh dao, anh ay ngoi ngay hang ghe dau va cham chu ghi timg chii tdi giang. Den khi tdi giang den Nguyen tac Uii tien va giang ve Nguyen ly Pareto, anh ay da tap hop tat ca nhung lanh dao chii chdt cua anh lai de chi cho toi thay rang hp da hieu rat ky ve nhiing gi tdi truyen dat. Thinh thoang, khi tdi gidi thieu mpt so nhiing nguyen ly khac trong phan giao an ciia tdi ve nghe thuat lanh dao thi dudng nhu anh ay da biet trudc nhung gi tdi mudn noi.
Khi cupc hpi thao ve nghe thuat lanh dao ket thiic, anh ay da nong nhiet cam on tdi va nan ni dua tdi ra den san bay. Tren doan dudng kha xa tir nha thd den san bay, anh ay da ke cho tdi nghe cau chuyen cua minh. Anh ay da ndi rang, chinh ra lich cua anh phai lam viec 6 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania trong thdi gian hpi thao nay, nhung khi biet
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NGUYEN TAC PHAT fRlEN BUNG NO
toi se den giang, anh ay da thay doi nhung ke hoach do vi rat muon gap toi. Trong bay nam dau tien, giao doan ciia anh chi co tong so bay tram giao dan. Do la mot giao doan vua phai, dac biet d An Do. Nhung anh muon giao doan ciia anh phai to hon, Ion hon va phai co siic anh huong toi khu vuc anh ay lanh dao. Va anh da nhan ra rang, can bat dau phat trien nhiing lanh dao cot can trong giao doan.
Vao thoi gian do, co nguoi da noi voi anh ve bang va sach ve lanh dao ciia toi. Trong sudt bay nam tiep theo do, anh ay giong nhu mieng bot bien, doc nhung cuon sach, rdi lai nghe bang ghi am ciia tdi, mieng "bot bien" ay cii tham tat ca nhung y tudng ve lanh dao cd the hoc duoc. Khi ban than thang hen, anh cung phat trien ddi ngii lanh dao cua minh. Va khi ho phat trien, ho cung phat trien luon ca giao doan. Trong thdi gian tdi den tham, nam 1997, giao doan da cd so giao dan khdng 16, hang tuan nhung ngudi den tham du hoat ddng cua giao doan len den hon chuc nghin tin dd. Khdng chi cd vay, cii muoi ngudi trong giao doan cua anh, lai co mpt ngudi duoc tham gia hoc tap va phat trien kha nang lanh dao. Anh da cam on toi trong khi tdi khdng biet rang minh da giiip anh.
Khi nghe anh ke ve dieu nay, tdi cam thay dd la mpt khich le Idn lao. Va tdi bat dau cam thay ngac nhien, khdng biet da cd bao nhieu ngudi ma tdi khdng biet mat da hpc va tim hieu nhung nguyen tac lanh dao, rdi dua no vao thuc tien de tao ra anh hudng Idn lao len cpng ddng. Gap anh va dupe nghe anh ke ve cau chuyen ciia minh, tdi tu hiia vdi ban than se tiep tuc giang day ve nghe thuat lanh dao.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Toi khong biet hanh trinh phat trien lanh dao ciia ban dang den Chi co mot con duong duy dau. Co the ban dang tren con nhat de bung no cap do duong phat trien kha nang lanh phdt trien la su: dung each dao, hoac co khi ban da dat duoc firth trong toan hoc - nhd cap do anh huong sau sac ve lanh lanh dao toan hoc. dao. Song bat ke ban 6 nac thang nao, thi toi cung biet duoc mot dieu: Ban chi co the dat duoc nac thang cao nhat ve lanh dao khi va chi khi ban bat dau thuc hien cong cuoc phat trien, xay dung nhung nha lanh dao thay vi phai phat trien nhung nguoi cdng tac. Nhiing nha lanh dao phat trien nen nhung nha lanh dao khac da trai nghiem va nhan thay anh hudng to Idn tdi td chiic khdng bao gid den hi nhiing con dudng nhu giam gia, tang gia tri du tru, phan tich he thd'ng, tang cuong nhiing phuong phap quan ly chat luong, hay thi hanh bat ke bien phap nao. Chi cd mot con dudng duy nhat de bung no cap dp phat trien la sir dung each tinh trong toan hpc -nha lanh dao toan hpc. Dd la siic manh phi thudng cua Nguyen tac Phat trien Bung no.
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2 1
N G U Y E N T A C D I S A N
Gid tri cao nhat cua nhd lanh dao duoc do bang su kethita
N am 1997, mot trong nhirng nha lanh dao doanh
nghiep vi dai nhat the gioi da tu tran. Ong ten la Robert Goizuata. Ong la Chii tich, kiem Giam doc Dieu hanh Coca-Cola. Chi vai thang truoc khi qua doi, ong da phat bieu truoc cau lac br) Quan tri 6 Chicago nhu sau: "Mpt ty gio dong ho truoc day, nhan loai da xuat hien tren trai dat. Mpt ty phut dong ho truoc day, Ki-to giao da buoc vao the gian nay. Mpt ty giay dpng ho truoc day, ban nhac Beatles da dan dung show dien Ed Sullivan hoanh trang.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Mpt ty chai Coca-Cola da dupe san xuat ... vao sang hom qua. Mot cau hoi chung toi dang tu hoi liic nay 'Chiing toi phai lam gi de san xuat ra mpt ty chai Coca-Cola vao sang hom nay?'"
Dua Coca-Cola tro thanh cong ty thanh cong hang dau the gioi la muc tieu ca doi ciia Goizueta, mpt muc tieu ma khi dang miet mai theo duoi, ong da phai tu bo vi dot ngpt qua doi. Nhung cong ty mat di lanh dao, thuong roi vao cupc khung hoang, roi loan, dac biet khi su ra di cua hp khong he bao truoc, nhu truong hpp cua Goizueta. Chi truoc khi ong qua doi mpt thoi gian ngan, Goizueta da noi trong mpt cupc phong van voi to Atlanta Journal-Constitution rang ong van chua co y dinh ve huu: "Den khi nao toi con co the vui, toi se vui; khi nao toi con sue luc, toi se khong chi giu mpi nguoi trong gio hanh chinh; va den khi nao hpi dong quan tri con muon toi 6 lai, toi se 6 lai." Chi vai thang sau cupc phong van ay, bac si chan doan ong bi ung thu. Sau tuan sau do, ong qua doi.
Trudc su ra di ciia Goizueta, cuu Td'ng thong Jimmy Carter da ghi nhan: "Cd le khdng cd mpt vi lanh dao doanh nghiep nao khac trong thdi hien dai nay lai la hinh tupng dep de cho Giac mo kieu My nhu dng. Ong da tin rang d My tat ca mpi thii deu cd the. Ong da song trong giac mo ay. Va vdi nhung ky nang lanh dao kiet xuat ciia minh, dng da giiip hang nghin ngudi khac nhan ra giac mo ciia hp."
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NGUYEN TAC DI SAN
D I SAN CUA GOIZUETA
Di san cua Goizueta de' lai cho cong ty that to Ion. Khi ong bat dau buoc len vi tri lanh dao Coca-Cola nam 1981, gia tri cong ty liic do chi co 4 ty do-la. Duoi su lanh dao ciia Goizueta, no da tang vpt len 150 ty do-la. Tuc la no da tang len hem 3.500%! Coca-Cola tro thanh tap doan thii hai co loi nhuan cao nhat My, diing tren ca nhung cong ty che tao xe hoi, nhung cong ty ve dau khi, Microsoft, Wal-Mart va nhieu cong ty khac nua. Chi co mot cong ty dat gia tri cao hon Coca-Cola la General Electric. Rat nhieu co dong ciia Coca-Cola da tro thanh trieu phii. Truong Dai hoc Emory 6 Atlanta, co so' vdn cd phan Idn trong Coca-cola, nay da co gia tri gan tuong duong vdi trudng Dai hpc Harvard.
Nhung gia tri cao ciia cd phie'u khong phai la dieu an tupng nhat ma Goizueta mang den cho Coca-Cola. Thay vao do la phuong thiic dng thuc hien Nguyen tac Di san. Khi tin vi tong giam dd'c qua ddi dupe thdng bao, khdng cd su hoang loan nao xay ra trong so cac cd ddng ciia cdng ty Coca-Cola. Nha phan tich Emannuel Goldman ciia Pain Webber da ndi rang Goizueta da "chuan bi cho cdng ty khi khong cd su hien dien ciia dng d dd, va cho bat ke mpt giam doc nao tdi da gap".
Vay dng da lam the nao? Trudc het, ong xay dung mpt cong ty vung manh nhat trong kha nang ciia minh. Tiep do, ong chuan bi mdt ngudi ke nhiem minh cd ten la Douglas Invester. Mickey Hi Graming, nguoi chuyen viet cho to
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Atlanta Constitution noi: "Khong giong nhu nhung cong ty khac, hp se phai ddi mat vdi cudc khung hoang khi vi giam dd'c cua hp rdi di hay qua ddi, nhung Coca-Cola van giu dupe hinh anh la mpt trong nhung tap doan dupe kinh ne nhat hanh tinh. Goizueta da trai tham cho Invester de di theo buoc chan ong tu khi cong ty dupe nhung nguoi dan Georgia binh chpn la cong ty Idn thu hai tai My, nam 1994. Va cd the nhan ra vi the cua cdng ty manh me nhu the nao d Wall Street, gia co phie'u cua cong ty tren thi trudng chung khoan chi hoi dao dpng mpt chut trong thdi gian sau tuan trudc khi Goizueta bi chan doan mac benh ung thu phoi."
Douglas Invester, mpt ke toan vien khong chuyen, da bat dau su nghiep tai Coca-Cola tu nam 1979 vdi nhiem vu thu ky kiem soat. Bon nam sau dd, dng dupe bau lam trudng phong ke toan. Ong dupe mpi ngudi biet den vi cd rat nhieu sang kien tai chinh xuat sac, va chinh ong la canh tay phai cho cupc each mang nhung van de dau tu va giai quyet np nan cho cdng ty cua Goizueta. Nam 1989, Goizueta phai mien cuong quyet dinh cho Invester nghi cdng viec ma dng rat cd kha nang ay, vi Goizueta phai chuyen ong sang lam viec tai chau Au va tich luy kinh nghiem hoat dpng kinh doanh qudc te. Mpt nam sau, Goizueta da dua dng trd lai My va giao cho dng lam Chii tich hang Coca-Cola d thi trudng My vdi nhiem vu trpng tam la xem xet thi trudng va sue tieu thu d day. Tir do, dng tiep tuc chuan bi cho Invester, va den nam 1994, thi khdng cdn nghi ngo gi ve kha nang Invester se ndi buoc minh, Goizueta da dua dng len larr giam dd'c san xuat cua cong ty.
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NGUYEN TAC DI SAN
Nhung gi ma Roberto Goizueta da lam that sir phi thuong. Mot so nhung nha lanh dao ngay nay thuong chi phat trien kha nang lanh dao cho ban than ho va ding chi danh bong hinh anh ciia minh de co the nam giu toan bo quyen luc. John S. Wood, chuyen gia tu van ciia Zehnder International Inc., da nhan dinh: "Truoc day cac cong ty da khong de tam toi viec phat trien nhan luc. Neu ho khong the tir phat trien nang lire ciia minh, ho se phai len duong tim kiem." Vay tai sao Roberto Goizueta lai lam khac nhu vay? Boi vi ong ay la san pham ciia Nguyen tac Di san.
Roberto Goizueta sinh ra trong mot gia dinh d Cuba nhung duoc dao tao 6 Dai hoc Yale, chuyen nganh Ky su hoa chat. Khi ong tro ve que hucmg Havana nam 1954, ong duoc tuyen dung vao lam viec tai cong ty Coca-Cola. Nam 1966, ong tro thanh pho giam doc phu trach phat trien va nghien cuu ky thuat tai tru so chinh ciia cong ty 6 Atlanta. Ong tro thanh pho giam doc tre nhat trong lich sir cong ty. Nhung vao dau nhiing nam 1970, sir nghiep ciia ong con thang tien hon nhieu. Robert W. Woodruff, ngudi sang lap ciia Coca-Cola da dua Goizueta ve lam viec canh minh va bat dau bdi dudng cho dng. Nam 1975, Goizueta trd thanh pho giam doc thudng true, quan ly bp phan cdng nghe va giam sat nhung van de khac cua cdng ty, nhu nhung van de ve phap ly. Nam 1980, khi Woodruff qua ddi, Goizueta da trd thanh giam dd'c san xuat. Mpt nam sau, dng trd thanh Chii tich kiem Giam dd'c dieu hanh cong ty. Ly do ma Goizueta da rat tu tin lira chpn, phat trien, va bdi dudng nang luc cho nguoi ke'vi minh vao thap nien 1990, la vi dng
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
da dupe xay dung va phat trien tren ban chat cua di san ma ong da duoc nhan trong nhung nam 1970.
NHtTNG NHA LANH DAO DE LAI DI SAN
Goizueta tung noi: "Lanh dao la mot trong nhung yeu to ma anh khong the giao pho. Mot la anh nam lay vai tro do, hai la anh phai tu bo." Toi tin rang con co mot su lua chon thu ba: Anh de no lai cho nguoi ke nhiem cua anh. Do la su lua chon ma Goizueta da thuc hien. Nhung nha lanh dao thuc hien Nguyen tac Di san khong nhieu nhung ho that su de lai di san nguoi ke nhiem bang nhung hanh dong sau day:
Lanh dao cdng ty vdi tim nhin chleri lucre
Co the noi hau nhu moi nguoi deu co the thiet lap mot to chuc hoat dong tot trong thoi gian hien tai - bang each xay dung mpt chuong trinh moi hay mpt san pham moi, to chuc mpt chuong trinh voi quy mo ve so' nguoi tham du, hay lam nhung chien dich ha gia. Nhung nhung nha lanh dao, nhung ngudi de lai mdt di san thuc hien mdt con dudng tiep can hoan toan khac. Trong suy nghi cua ho, lanh dao ngay mai cung tdt nhu ngay hdm nay. Do la nhung gi Goizueta
'Lanh dao la mot trong nhiing yeu to ma anh khdng the giao pho. Mot Id anh nam lay
vai trd dd, hai Id anh phai tiebd."
- Robert Goizueta
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NGUYEN TAC DI SAN
da lam. Ong da lap ra ke hoach lanh dao den khi nao ong con co the lanh dao hieu qua, du vay, ong cung da chuan bi mot ngudi ke nhiem bang bat ke con dudng nao. Ong ludn tim kiem nhung co hpi mang lai lpi nhuan cao nhat cho cdng ty va cd ddng.
Xay dung vdn hda lanh dao
Hau het nhung cong ty on dinh thudng cd nhung nha lanh dao manh me d tat ca mpi vi tri cua cdng ty. Chi cd mpt con dudng duy nhat de phat trien mdt he thong lanh dao rpng khap, do la xay dung, bdi duong nhung nha lanh dao nhu la mdt phan van hda ciia to chiic minh. Dd la mpt phan di san quan trpng ciia Coca-Cola. Ban biet cd bao nhieu cong ty thanh cdng da xay dung mdt ddi ngu ke'thua?
Tra gia hdm nay dl chac chan thanh cdng ngay mai
Khdng co mpt thanh cdng nao ma khdng phai tra gia. Mdi cong ty deu cd dac thii rieng, dieu dd se xac dinh cai gia ma hp phai tra. Nhung bat ky mpt nha lanh dao nao mudn giiip to chiic ciia hp thi nhat dinh phai tra gia de chac chan cho thanh cong sau nay.
B$t gia tr| cua lanh dao tip the* len tren lanh dao ca nhan
Bat ke dng ay gidi nhu the nao, khdng cd mpt nha lanh dao nao cd the hoan thanh cdng viec mpt minh. Cung gid'ng nhu trong the thao, nhung huan luyen vien mudn cd mpt
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
doi ngu cau thu gioi de gianh duoc chien thang, trong mpt to Ciing giong nhu trong chiic can co mot dpi ngu lanh dao the thao, nhung huan gioi de cho to chiic Ion manh hon. iuyen vien muon co mot To chiic cang Ion thi cang can dpi MS" c a u t h u gioide ngu lanh dao phai manh hon, Ion g i i n h duoc chien thing, hon, sau hon. t r o n * m * \ t g c M c c « n
co mot doi ngii lanh dao gidi de cho to chuc
Radl dung luc I6n manh han. Trong truong hpp ciia Coca-
Cola khong xay ra truong hpp ra di vi ong da dpt ngpt qua ddi. Nhung neu ong con song, toi tin rang Goizueta se thuc hien dieu ay. O thoi diem phii hpp cho mpt lanh dao rdi vi tri, dng san sang ra di, va de cho ngudi ke nhiem tiep tuc cdng viec theo quyen han ciia dng. Tham quyen co vi chi lam khd dng va anh hudng xa'u den to chiic.
SUC SONG CUA DI SAN
Tdi da de cap trong Nguyen tac Tin cay rang, miia thu nam 1997, tdi da den An Dp cung ddng nghiep d td chiic phi lpi nhuan EQUIP cua minh. Trong thdi gian d dd, tdi mudn den tham Trung tam dieu hanh cua Me Teresa. Dd la mpt day nhung toa nha Idn dupe xay dung d thanh phd Calcutta, ma mpi ngudi thudng hay gpi la Nha Me.
Khi tdi cdn ngdi d phia ben ngoai de chuan bi di tdi, toi chat thac mac tai sao mpt nha lanh dao hieu qua nhu Me, lai
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NGUYEN TAC DI SAN
song va lam viec tai mdt noi khiem tdn nhu the nay. Chung toi buoc qua phong dung chan de di tdi mpt cai san nam d trung tam khu nha. Muc dich cua chung tdi la tdi vieng tham md cua Me Teresa, ngoi md dupe xay cat ngay d trung tam nha an. Nhung khi chung toi tdi dd, can phong dang dupe su dung, va chiing tdi khdng dupe phep vao cho den khi nghi thiic da hoan tat.
Co mdt nhdm khoang 40-50 nu tu dang ngdi d dd, tat ca mpi ngudi deu mac trang phuc nhu Me van thudng mac.
"Ben trong dang td chiic nghi le gi vay?" Tdi hdi mpt nu tu vira buoc qua.
Chi cudi: "Horn nay chiing tdi td chiic le cau cho 45 thanh vien mdi vao giao doan," chi noi rdi vdi va buoc di vao mpt toa nha khac.
Vi chiing toi da den mupn va sap tdi gid bay, chiing tdi khong the d lai lau hon. Chiing tdi nhin thoang qua mpt lupt, rdi tir gia ngdi nha cua Me. Buoc ra khdi khu nha, di qua mot cai hem nhd, va buoc vao dam ddng, tdi da tu nhii, Me Teresa se rat tu hao. Me khdng cdn nua, nhung di san ciia Me thi van cdn ton tai. Me da da tao ra anh hudng rat Idn vdi toan nhan loai, Me da dao tao nen nhung nha lanh dao, va ngay nay, hp van tiep tuc cdng viec ciia Me. Hp tiep tuc tac dpng va anh hudng den nhung the he tiep theo. Cupc ddi cua Me Teresa la mpt tam guong sang cho Nguyen tac Di san.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
K H O N G NHIEU N G l / O I DE L A I D I SAN
Tac gia ciia cuon sach Lanh dao la mot nghe thuat, Max Dupree khang dinh: "Di san la mpt trong nhung boh phan cua cong viec lanh dao." Song trong tat ca nhung nguyen tac ve lanh dao, thi Nguyen tac Di san ft duoc nha lanh dao de tam den nhat. Su thanh dat den khi ong ay lam dupe nhung
viec Ion cho ban than. Thanh cong lai den voi nhung nguoi co kha
di sdn chi co the duoc thiet nang gia tang sue manh cho lap khi mQt ngubi cd the nhung nguoi cap duoi, de hp tao dung cho to chuc cua cung dat dupe cong viec Ion lao
dng ay gat hdi dupe nhung voi ong ay. Sieu thanh cong se den thanh cdng lbn ma khong v o j nh a i a r m dao co kha nang phat
cosuhien dien ciia dng ay. h-jgh nhung nha lanh dao khac thuc hien cong viec Ion chp ong ay. Con di san chi co the dupe
thiet lap khi mpt nguoi co the tao dung cho to chuc cua ong ay gat hai dupe nhung thanh cong Ion ma khong co su hien dien cua ong ay.
Toi da hpc dupe Nguyen tac Di san qua cau chuyen khong co gi vui ve lam. Bdi vi trong nhung ngay toi con lam vipc 6 giao doan Hillham, tieu bang Indiana, giao doan nay rat phat trien. Khi toi bat dau nhan nhi§m vu lanh dao, giao doan do von ven chi co ba giao dan. Sau ba nam, toi da xay dung giao doan dd thanh mpt cpng doan va cd sue anh hudng den cupc sdng cua nhieu ngudi. Khi tdi rdi giao doan, tong so tin huu thudng xuyen tham du nhung budi sinh
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NGUYEN TAC DI SAN
hoat la hem 200, va tren danh sach chi'nh thiic, giao doan do co tren 300 thanh vien. Toi da to chiic nhieu chuong trinh trong dia hat, va moi thii co ve rat tien trien. Toi nghi rang minh da lam duoc nhiing viec that an tupng.
Khi toi phuc vu giao doan thii hai ciia toi dupe 18 thang, tinh co toi da co bua trua cung vdi mdt ngudi ban ma da tii lau chiing tdi khdng gap nhau, anh ay cung da den tham du sinh hoat tai Hillham mdt vai lan. Tdi lien hdi anh giao doan ay hien nhu the nao, va tdi that su ngac nhien khi nghe cau tra ldi ciia anh ay: "Khdng tdt lam!"
"That chii?" toi noi. "Tai sao vay? Mpi thii deu dien ra rat tot khi tdi rdi giao doan do ma. Co van de gi vdi giao dpan vay?"
"Ehing nhu vay," anh ay ndi, "no dang trong rinh trang di xuong. Mpt sd' chuong trinh ma anh da phat dpng cung dang dudi dan. Giao doan nay chi cdn hoat dpng vdi khoang 100 thanh vien. Tham chi no cd the se tiep tuc di xudng."
Dieu dd that su lam cho tdi ai ngai. Mpt nha lanh dap rat ghet phai nghe thay rang nhung gi ma dng ay da tung danh ca md hdi, mau va nude mat cho no, nay lai dang trong tham canh di xudng. Tdi cam thay bat man vdi ngudi lanh dao ke nhiem tdi. Nhung sau do chinh y nghi ay phan bac tdi. Neu toi da that su hoan thanh tot cdng viec d dd, thi bat ke nhung lanh dao nao ke tuc tdi, tdt hay xau deu khdng thanh van de. Ldi chinh la hi tdi. Tdi da khdng cd mpt ke hoach nao cho td chiic thanh cdng sau khi tdi rdi giao doan. Va dd la lan dau tien tdi nhan ra su sau sac ciia Nguyen tac Di san.
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG...
HINH MAU
Ngay sau do, toi bat dau nhin nhan van de lanh dao tron ven hon. Tat ca moi nha lanh dao cuoi ciing roi cung phai rdi td chuc cua ong ay - bang con dudng nay hay bang con dudng khac. Ong ay cd the thay ddi cdng viec, hay duoc thang chiic, hay nghi huu. Va tham chi, neu dng ay tir choi viec nghi huu, rdi ong ay ciing phai rdi to chiic khi ong ay qua ddi. Dieu do da lam cho tdi nhan ra mpt phan ciia cdng viec lanh dao la bat dau chuan bi ve nhan su cho nhung trudng hop bat kha khang tren con dudng phia trudc. Dieu do da thuc giuc tdi thay ddi tieu diem tir lanh dao nhung ngudi cdng tac bang phat trien nhung nha lanh dao. Gia tri cuoi ciing cua toi, ciing giong nhu bat ke mot nha lanh dao nao, se duoc xac dinh bang kha nang tao dung tot su ke nhiem cho to chiic.
Cau chuyen ke nhiem tuyet vdi nhat ciia ca nhan tdi la cau chuyen ve giao doan Skyline. Lan dau tien tdi chuyen tdi phuc vu tai giao doan nay nam 1981, tdi da thiet lap mot muc tieu co ban la tim kiem va phat trien nhiing ngudi cd kha nang lanh dao vi tdi da hieu rat sau sac rang thanh cong ciia chiing tdi phu thupc tat ca vao hp. Va trpng sudt muoi bon nam phuc vu d do, tdi ciing nhung cpng su ciia minh da boi dudng va phat trien dupe tren 100 nha lanh dao xuat sac.
Viec phat trien rat nhieu nhiing nha lanh dao da tao cho giao doan trd thanh to chiic rat thanh cdng, nhung chi nhu vay thi chua dii. Trong rat nhieu nhiing td chuc kinh te, thuong mai va nhiing to chiic phi lpi nhuan, nha lanh dao
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NGUYEN TAC DI SAN
nam d vj tri co trach nhiem phat trien va khich le mot nguoi ke thua. Dieu do khong phai la nhung thu ma toi da co the lam duoc 6 Skyline. Hoi dong giao doan muon tim ra mot nguoi co the thay the toi, nhung toi da khong thuc hien duoc cong viec ay. Dieu tot nhat ma toi co the lam cho hp la dua cho ho tat ca nhung thong tin ve kha nang cua rung ung cu vien, nhung nguoi toi da thang hen va phat trien hp. Song co nhung thu khac ma toi co the lam, gia du nhu chuan bi cho mpi nguoi va giao doan don nhan mpt vi lanh dao moi. Toi muon dat nguoi do 6 vi tri gan voi thanh cong nhat nhu toi da dat duoc.
NHUNG THANH CONG TIEP NOI
Mpt trong nhung dieu hanh phuc nhat cupc doi toi la khi toi nhan ra Skyline hien nay Ion manh hon thdi diem toi roi di nam 1995. Jim Garlow von la phu ta cua toi, va hien tai anh ay dang gat hai dupe nhung thanh cong my man. So lupng thanh vien da gia tang, nguon tai chinh cai thien, va dieu tuyet voi nhat la ke hoach di doi da dupe tiep tuc sau khi bj dinh tre sudt mpt thap nien. Miia thu nam 1997, Jim da mdi tdi trd lai tham Skyline dehd hao, cd dpng trpng bua dec gay dung quy phuc vu cho du an xay dung tiep theo, va toi rat phan chan vdi ldi mdi ay.
Hp da td chiic bua dec tai Trung tam Hpi nghj San Diego nam ngay tren thanh pho vinh xinh dep. Hp da td chiic mpt bua dec that su linh dinh vdi 4.100 khach mdi. Tdi va vp tdi,
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
Margaret, da co mot co hoi tuyet voi khi duoc gap va noi chuyen vdi rat nhieu ban cu. Va tat nhien, tdi cam thay vo cung tu hao khi toi chinh la ngudi ddng gdp bai chia se cho niem vui cua moi ngudi hdm do. No that su la mdt su kien Idn - va cung la thanh cdng Idn. Mpi ngudi da quyen gdp dupe tren 7,8 trieu dd-la de xay dung ngoi thanh dudng mdi.
Ngay sau khi toi ket thuc bai chia se, tdi va Margaret da nhanh chong ra khoi hdi trudng. Chung tdi mudn budi toi hom do phai danh cho Jim, ngudi lanh dao hien nay cua Skyline. Chinh vi ly do do ma chung tdi da nhanh chdng rdi khdi budi tide trudc khi no ket thiic. Tren dudng di xudng cau thang, tdi khe nam tay vp.
"Margaret," tdi khe ndi, "mdt budi tdi that tuyet vdi phai khdng em?"
"6, that tuyet vdi anh a," cd ay tra ldi. "Em nghi Jim se rat hai long."
"Anh cung nghi nhu vay," tdi ndi. "Em cd biet dieu gi tuyet vdi nhat dd'i vdi anh khdng? Dd la nhung gi ma chiing ta da thuc hien trong sudt nhung nam trudc day, bay gid vin dang tiep tuc." Khi chiing tdi rdi khdi trung tam hdi nghi, tdi cd cam giac rang chuong cudi cung vdi Skyline da khep lai, va no that su la mpt dieu vd cung hanh phiic. No diing nhu nhung gi ma ban tdi, Chris Musgrove rung ndi: "Thanh cdng khdng phai dupe xac dinh bang nhung gi ban hudng tdi, ma no dupe xac dinh bang nhung gi ban de lai phia sau."
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NGUYEN TAC DI SAN
Khi tat ca moi ngon hi da duoc noi len, moi cong viec da dupe hoan tat, tat ca kha nang ciia ban vdi tu each la mpt nha lanh dao se khdng duoc danh gia bang nhiing gi ca nhan hay tap the ciia ban dat dupe trong thdi gian lanh dao. Nhung sau khi ra di, ban se bi phan xet bang chinh nhiing hieu qua do ca nhan va tap the cua ban lam nen. Dd la quyen nang ciia Nguyen tac Di san. Gia tri cudi cung ban de lai se do su ke thiia djnh doat.
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K E T L U A N
Moi thii: deu bat ddu va ket thuc tit nguoi lanh dqo
The'la gio ban da co 21 nguyen tac vang danh cho nguoi
lanh dao. Hay hoc, ghi nhd, va ap dung chung vao cupc song cua ban. Neu ban tuan theo nhung nguyen tac ay, moi ngudi se theo ban.
Tdi da tung giang day ve lanh dao trong muoi lam nam, va trong nhung nam do, tdi da ndi vdi nhung ngudi tdi dao tao mot dieu ma toi sap ndi vdi cac ban d day: Moi thii deu bat dau va ket thiic tu ngudi lanh dao. Hau het moi ngudi deu khdng tin vao dieu do, nhung dieu do la su that. Ban cang co gang thuc hien trong cupc sdng ban cang nhan thay rang ngucri lanh dao tao nen su khac biet. Bat cii no luc nao ma ban co the dam nhan cd lien quan den nhung ngudi khac se ton tai hoac ket thiic tuy thupc vap kha nang lanh dao ciia ban. Khi ban lam viec de xay dung nen cdng ty ciia minh, hay nhd nhung dieu sau:
• Nhan to' con ngudi quyet dinh tiem luc ciia cdng ty;
• Cac mdi quan he quyet dinh tinh khi ciia cdng ty;
• Ket cau quyet dinh quy md cua cdng ty;
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KET LUAN
• Tam nhin quyet dinh phuang hudng cua cdng ty;
• Su lanh dao quyet dinh thanh bai cua cdng ty.
Chuc cac ban thanh cong. Hay theo dudi udc ma ciia minh. Hay khat khao su xuat sac. Hay trd thanh hinh mau ma ban mong mud'n. Va hay hoan thanh tat ca nhung viec can thiet. Lam lanh dao se giiip ban lam nhung viec do. Hay hpc each dan dau - khdng chi vi minh ma con vi nhung ngudi phia sau ban. Va den khi ban vuon tdi vi tri cao nhat, dung quen giiip do nhung ngudi se trd thanh lanh dao trong tuong lai.
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L O I D I C H G I A
r T" 1 rong mot bai thuc hanh co ten la "Xay dung each suy A nghi toan dien", chiing toi gdm 53 nguoi duoc vi giao
su phan thanh nam nhom. Moi nhom deu duoc nhan mpt so trang thiet bi bao gom mpt cudn tap chi vdi nhieu tranh anh; mpt to bia; hai bd que tinh; mdt ban ghim; mdt hpp ghim; mpt cuon giay; mpt cai keo; mdt tiii dng hut nude ngpt; mpt cupn day va nhiem vu la xay dung mpt md hinh cd cay thap cao nhat trong vong ba muoi lam phiit.
Khi het thdi gian, vi giao su dat tung md hinh len ban va kiem tra dd chac chan ciia md hinh bang each dung chiec quat chay sd 3, neu sau mdt phiit md hinh do van diing nguyen, thi no mdi dat yeu cau thii nhat. Sau dd, vi giao su hep tuc kiem tra dp cao ciia thap theo yeu cau ciia bai thuc hanh. Cudi cung la cham diem my thuat. Va dpi ciia tdi da chien thang!
Mac dii bai thuc hanh khdng noi trudc muc dich la chi ra tam quan trpng ciia su lanh dao, nhung sau bai thuc hanh, tat ca chiing tdi deu nhan ra tam quan trpng ciia no. Chinh su anh hudng ciia lanh dao da tao nen ket qua cho dpi thang va dpi thua.
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LOI DICH GIA
Co nhom phan nan rang ho da phai mat rat nhieu thoi gian cho viec hoach dinh mo hinh ma hp se xay dung! Va co nhom thi da phai lam di, lam lai tdi ba lan, va khi het thoi gian, md hinh van chua hoan thanh. Co dpi thi khdng he co bat ky thiet ke nao, va tat ca mpi ngudi deu lam theo cam hung, va cudi ciing thi mo hinh de dang dd. Cdn md hinh dpi ciia toi thi rat chac chan va cd cay thap cao nhat.
Bi quyet ciia chiing toi la gi vay? Ngay sau khi nhan dupe su chi dan va nhung trang thiet bi, chiing tdi da khong buoc vao xay dung ngay. Toi nhd den mpt cau ndi cua cua Tien sy John C. Maxwell: "Ai cung cd the lai tau, neu cd ngudi chi huy lap hai trinh." Va tdi nhan ra, chiing tdi can phai cd mpt ban thiet ke, lam the nap tan dung het nhiing nguyen vat lieu da dupe cung cap, va dac biet la tat ca mpi ngudi trong nhom deu cd the tham gia, de cd mpt chiec thap cao nhat? Vdi nhung trang thiet bi dupe cung cap, tdi lien nghi ra y tudng xay dung mpt ngdi nha, cd cay thap gid'ng nhu nhiing ngdi nha thd theo kien tnic Gothic ciia Phap va tdi ve no len td giay. Vi da cd ban thiet ke nen chiing tdi xay dung rat nhanh va diing thdi gian.
Xay dung md hinh cung nhu xay dung mpt du an. Chung tdi da lam gi de cd ket qua thanh cdng nay? Va tai sao nhung dpi khac lai thua cupc? Cau tra ldi ciia tdi nam hoan toan hong cudn sach bestseller cua chuyen gia hang dau the gidi ve lanh dao, Tien sy John C. Maxwell, ma quy vi dang cd trong tay. Mdt cudn sach vdi nhung nguyen tac that can ban, di dpc, d l ap dung nhung chua dung mpt kho tang tri tue
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21 NGUYEN TAC VANG.
dupe chat lpc qua nhieu nam hpc tap, trau doi va giang day ve bp mon lanh dao ciia ong. Nhung tren het no la chia khoa cho ban thanh cong.
Va cung nhu thay ciia toi, toi da sii dung cuon sach nay cho bai giang ciia bo mon, "Su tac dong ciia lanh dao trong viec thiet lap chien lupc kinh dpanh," ciia toi. Va toi mudn chia se no cho ban. No that su la "Nhiing nguyen tac vang ciia nghe thuat lanh dao." Cach rieng, toi xin giii ldi cam on sau sac tdi nhiing ngudi tdi rat kinh trpng, Ngai hieu trudng, Luat su Casimiro B. Juarez, Jr; Phd Hieu trudng Thudng true, Tien sy Fe R. Juarez, va tat nhien ban lanh dao, cung nhu ban bien tap Cdng ty Sach Alpha. Neu khong cd su giup do, dpng vien, hpp tac ciia hp, thi toi se gap rat nhieu khd khan trong cong viec dich cung nhu de co cudn sach vang nay.
Philippin, thdng 5 nam 2008
D I N H V I E T H O A
Giang vien Trudng Dai hpc Capitpl Nghien cuu sinh Tien sy Quan ly hpp tac,
Dai hpc Xavier, Ateneo De Cagayan, Philippin
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Danh muc cac tac pham cua John C. Maxwell (Cac cudn in dam da vd se duac Alpha Books xuat bdn trong nam 2008)
1. There's No Such Thing as "Business" Ethics (tai ban nam 2005 vai ten Ethics 101), Warner Business Books, 2003
2. 25 Ways to Win with People (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 2005 3. Attitude 101, Thomas Nelson, 2003 4. Be a People Person, David C. Cook Distribution, 2007 5. Be AU You Can Be, David C. Cook Distribution, 2007 6. Becoming a Person of Influence (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 1997 7. Breakthrough Parenting, Focus on the Family, 1996 8. Dare to Dream, Thomas Nelson, 2006 9. Destiny & Deliverance (ddng tac gia,), Thomas Nelson, 1998 10. Developing the Leader Within You, Thomas Nelson, 1993 11. Developing the Leaders Around You, Thomas Nelson, 1995 12. Encouragement Changes Everything, Thomas Nelson, 2008 13. Equipping 101, Thomas Nelson, 2003 14. Failing Forward - Turning Your Mistakes into Stepping Stones for
Success, Thomas Nelson, 2000 15. Leadership 101, Thomas Nelson, 2002 16. Leadership Gold, Thomas Nelson, 2008 17. Leadership Promises for Every Day, J Countryman, 2003 18. Leading From the Lockers, Tommy Nelson, 2001 19. Life@Work (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 2005 20. Living at the Next Level, Thomas Nelson, 1996
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21. Partners in Prayer, Thomas Nelson, 1996 22. Relationships 101, Thomas Nelson, 2003 23. Running With the Giants, Warner Books, 2002:
24. Success - One Day at a Time, J. Countryman, 2000 25. Talent is Never Enough, Thomas Nelson, 2007 26. Teamwork Makes the Dream Work, J. Countryman, 2002 27. Today Matters, Warner Books, 2004 28. Tough Questions - Honest Answers, Here's Life Publishers, 1985 29. The 17 Essential Qualities of a Team Player, Thomas Nelson, 2002 30. The 17 Indisputable Laws of Teamwork, Thomas Nelson, 2001 31. The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader, Thomas Nelson, 1999 32. The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, Thomas Nelson, 1998 33. The 21 Most Powerful Minutes in a Leader's Day, Thomas Nelson, 2000 34. The 360° Leader. Thomas Nelson, 2006 35 . 77ie Choice is Yours, Thomas Nelson, 2005 36. The Desert Experience (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 2001 37. The Difference Maker, Thomas Nelson, 2006 38. The Heart of Christmas (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 1998 39. The Journey From Success to Significance, J. Countryman, 2004 40. The Maxwell Leadership Bible, Thomas Nelson, 2002 41. The Power of Attitude, (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: You Can't Be a
Smart Cookie If You Have a Crummy Attitude), Eagle, 2006 42. The Power of Influence (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: // s Just a Thought
but It Could Change Your Life), Cook Communications, 2002 43. The Power of Leadership (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: Leadership
101). RiverOak, 2001 44. The Power of Partnership, J Countryman, 1999
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45. The Power of Thinking Big, Cook Communications, 2002 46. The Preacher's Commentary Deuteronomy (nhan de lan xuat ban dau
tien: Deuteronomy Commentary). Thomas Nelson, 2004 47. The Right to Lead, J. Countryman, 2001 48. The Time Crunch (dong tac gia), Multnomah Books, 1993 49. The Treasure of a Friend, J. Countryman, 1999 50. The Winning Attitude (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: Your Attitude:
Key to Success), Thomas Nelson, 1990 51. Think on These Things, Beacon Hill Press, 1979 52. Thinking For a Change, Warner Business Books, 2003 53. Winning With People, Thomas Nelson, 2004 54. Your Bridge to a Better Future, Thomas Nelson, 1997 55. Your Family Time With God, Christian Parenting Books, 1995 56. Your Road Map for Success (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: The
Success Journey), Thomas Nelson, 2002
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Tin lircriig vao con ngiroi tracVc khi ho chirng to ban than la chia khoa dc khuyen khich ho phat trien. Khong co thanh cong nao khong phai hy sinh.
Thanh cong dat duoc tinh timg ly, chir khong phai dfm throng. — John C. Maxwell
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Khong ai trd thanh lanh dao sau khi dpc mot cuon sach. Song, 21 nguyen tdc vang cua nghi thuat lanh dao se bat nut khai md cho nhirng pham chat lanh dao vdn tiem an trong moi ngudi, de chiing duoc sir dung va phat trien vi mot moi trudng chung hda hop va nhan van. Do cung la xuat phat diem khong the bo qua ddi vcri nhirng nha lanh dao dang muon tir doi mdi bang each:
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Hay di theo nhirng nguyen tac ciia John Maxwell, va mpi ngudi se di theo ban!
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