1. PSpice PSpice = 20111020 http://www.beetech.info/ All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 1

2. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 20112 3. [] [] [] All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 20113 4. [] PWM IC IC [] BRTLED IC Junction FETPUTMOSFET PIN IGBTESD [] [] [] DC [] All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 4 5. http://www.spicepark.com http://spicepark.net3,709(20111012)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 5 6. [NEW] ()PSpiceLTspiceDCDC15,750 DCAC15,750 15,750 DC 15,750 15,750 84,000 84,000 84,000 http://ow.ly/5sw4N All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 6 7. [NEW] () PSpiceLTspice42,000 42,000 84,000 63,000 84,000 63,000 http://ow.ly/5swdV All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 20117 8. () FCCRCC D PWM IC() ()()DCDCDC20 All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 20118 9. ()(BOM)()All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 9 10. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 10 11. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 11 12. 201195All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 12 13. (1)DCVdc(2)SPICEI^2t (3)&(4)201192(3)(4) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 13 14. DC Power SupplySimplified SPICE Behavioral Model[PSpice Version] All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 14 15. Contents 1. Model Overview 2. Benefit of the Model 3. Concept of the Model 4. DC Power Supply Specification (Example) 5. Parameter Settings 6. Operation Area Characteristics6.1 Simulation Circuit and Setting 7. Rated Output Voltage Characteristics7.1 Simulation Circuit and SettingSimulation IndexAll Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 15 16. 1. Model Overview This DC Power Supply Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users whorequire the model of a DC power supply as a part of their system. The model focuses on the power supplys behavior in their operationarea, which user can input rated voltage, rated power, and maximum outputcurrent. Output Voltage [V]Rated output voltageRated output line (from Rated Power) Operation AreaMaximum output current Output Current [A] All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201116 17. 2. Benefit of the Model Can be easily adjusted to your own DC power supply specifications by editing the modelparameters. The simplified model is an easy-to-use, which can be provided without the circuit detail. Time and costs are saved because only the necessary parts are simulated.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 17 18. 3. Concept of the ModelLoad Current DC Power Supply + Simplified SPICE Behavioral ModelVOUT [Spec: PRATED, VMAX, IMAX] Adjustable VOUT ( VMAX)-The model is characterized by parameters: VMAX, POWER (for PRATED), VOUT andIMAX, which represent the output voltage vs. output current characteristics of the powersupply.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201118 19. 4.DC Power Supply Specification (Example)Load Current DC Power Supply + Simplified SPICE Behavioral ModelVOUT [Spec: PRATED, VMAX, IMAX] Adjustable VOUT ( VMAX)- DC Power Supply with POWER = 1600W, VMAX = 80Vdc, and IMAX = 160Adc VOUT is adjustable between 0 to 80V (VMAX)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201119 20. 5. Parameter Settings (Example)Model Parameters: POWER Rated power e.g. 400W, 800W, 1600W Value = U1 VMAX DC maximum output voltage e.g. 80V, 320V, 650VDC_POWER_SUPPLY Value = POWER = 1600WVMAX = 80Vdc IMAX DC maximum output currentIMAX = 160Adc e.g. 40A, 80A, 160AVOUT = 80Vdc Value = VOUT Output voltage 0 ~ VMAX Value = From the DC power supply specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters POWER, VMAX, and IMAX, then input VOUT value (from 0 to VMAX). All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201120 21. 6. Operation Area Characteristics100V (20.000,79.991) 80V Rated output voltage 60V 40VRated output line 20V Rated operation(160.000,9.990)rangeMaximum output current0V 0A20A 40A 60A 80A100A 120A140A 160A 180A 200AV(OUT)I(OUT) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 21 22. 6.1 Simulation Circuit and SettingOUTOUTDC Sweep: ILOADU10-200ADC_POWER_SUPPLYPOWER = 1600WVMAX = 80VdcILOADIMAX = 160AdcVOUT = 80Vdc0 *Analysis directives: .DC LIN I_ILOAD 0 200 10m .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201122 23. 7. Rated Output Voltage Characteristics100VV(OUT) is limited by the model parameter VMAX (80V) 80V, and 100V 80V 60V 60V Parameter VOUT = 40V 40V 20V0V 0s10ms V(OUT)Time All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 23 24. 7.1 Simulation Circuit and Setting Sweep VOUT with40, 60, 80, and 100 VOUTPARAMETERS:OUTOUTPUT = 0VdcU1Open LoadDC_POWER_SUPPLYPOWER = 1600WVMAX = 80Vdc RL_OpenIMAX = 160Adc100MEGVOUT = {OUTPUT} 0 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 10m 0 10u .STEP PARAM OUTPUT LIST 40,60,80,100 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201124 25. FuseSimplified SPICE Behavioral Model All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 25 26. Contents 1.Benefit of the Model 2.Model Feature 3.Parameter Settings 4.Fuse Specification (Example) 5.Fusing Time vs. DC Current 6.Fusing Time vs. Current Pattern 7.Specific Fuse Model Simulation IndexAll Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 26 27. 1. Benefit of the Model Easily create your own fuse models by setting a fewparameters, thats usually provided by themanufacturers datasheet. Enables circuit designer to safely test and optimize theircircuit protection design, and to predict component andcircuit stress under extreme conditions (e.g. at the fuseblow). The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 27 28. 2. Model FeatureThe model accounts for:10 Current Rating Fuse Factor1 Fusing Time (Sec.) Internal Resistance 0.1 Normal Melting I2tEnable the model to simulate fusing time (blow time) as a function of I2t.0.01The model can be used for testing the 0.001 blow time for the different current 0.11 10 100 pattern. Fusing Current (A)A one-shot switch, once fuse is opened it Fig.1 Fusing Time vs. Fusing Current Characteristic cannot be closed.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 28 29. 3. Parameter SettingsFrom the fuse specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters Irate, FF, Rint and I2t. Model Parameters:U1Irate = the current rating of fuse [A]FF = Fusing Factor, the ratio of the minimum fusing current (the currentFUSE that fuse start to heat up) to Irate. (e.g. Irate =400mA and the minimumIRATE = 400m fusing current is 620mA then FF =FF = 1.55620m/400m = 1.55)RINT = 650m Rint = internal resistance of fuseI2T = 0.024I2t = Normal Melting value [A2, seconds]Fig.2 Fuse model with default parameters All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 29 30. 4. Fuse Specification (Example)10Current InternalI2t (A2, the minimum fusing current Part No. RatingR. max.seconds is 620mA, FF = 20m/400m = 1.55 (mA)(m ) )1Fusing Time (Sec.)CCF1N0.4400 6500.0240.1U1 0.01FUSEIRATE = 400mFF = 1.550.001RINT = 650m 0.1110100I2T = 0.024 Fusing Current (A)Fig.3 Shows the complete setting of fuse model parameters by using data from thedatasheet of CCF1N0.4 provided by KOA Speer Electronics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201130 31. 5. Fusing Time vs. DC CurrentSimulation Result Simulation Circuit10APARAMETERS:(960.962u,5.0000) dc_current = 1sense U1 tF = 960.962usec. at IF = 5AFUSE I1IRATE = 400m(6.0051m,2.0000) I1 = 0FF = 1.55RL I2 = {dc_current} RINT = 650m1tF = 6.0051msec. at IF = 2AI2T = 0.024 T1 = 0 (24.013m,1.0000)T2 = 100n 1.0A tF = 24.013msec. at IF = 1A 00*Analysis directives:.TRAN 0 1s 500u 100u.STEP PARAM dc_current LIST 1, 2, 5100mA 1.0ms10ms100ms1.0s I(sense)TimeThe simulation result shows the fusing times, tF, (the time that fuse blows) at the different fuse currents, IF . All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 31 32. 5. Fusing Time vs. DC CurrentComparison Graph 10 Measurement Simulation1 Fusing Time (Sec.) 0.10.010.001 0.11 10 100 Fusing CurrentGraph shows the comparison result between the simulation result vs. themeasurement data. The fusing current error (average from 0.001-10 sec.) =4.9% All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 32 33. 6 Fusing Time vs. Current PatternSimulation ResultSimulation Circuit 2.0A sense1U1 1.5AtF = 149.796msec. for triangle waveFUSEI1IRATE = 400m(149.796m,959.222m) IOFF = 0FF = 1.55 RL1RINT = 650m 1 1.0A FREQ = 50I2T = 0.024IAMPL = 1PHASE = -900 0 0.5A sense2U2 0AFUSEI2IRATE = 400m-0.5A TD = 0FF = 1.55 RL2TF = 10mRINT = 650m 1I2T = 0.024PW = 0-1.0A PER = 20m0 I1 = -1 0I2 = 1(59.503m,-987.814m) TR = 10m-1.5AtF = 59.503msec. for sine wave-2.0A.TRAN 0 0.2s 0 100u0s20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms 100ms140ms 180ms I(sense1)I(sense2) TimeThe simulation result shows the fusing times, tF, (the time that fuse blows) for the same peak current but different in current patterns(waveforms).All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 33 34. 7. Specific Fuse Model Comparison Graph 10 Measurement Simulation U1 1 Error reduce to 0.4% Fusing Time (Sec.) CCF1N0_40.1 Model of fuse part number0.01CCF10.4, all parameters andfunction are already set 0.001 0.1 110 100 Fusing CurrentIf the most accurate result is required, we could provide the specific model thatoptimized for each part number of fuse. The fusing current error (average from 0.001-10 sec.) will reduce from 4.9% (simplified model) to 0.4% (specific fuse model)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201134 35. Lithium Ion BatterySimplified SPICE Behavioral Model All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 35 36. Contents 1. Benefit of the Model 2. Model Feature 3. Concept of the Model 4. Parameter Settings 5. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example)5.1 Charge Time Characteristic5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic 6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=46.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=4Simulation Index All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 36 37. 1. Benefit of the Model The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize battery runtime and circuitperformance. The model can be easily adjusted to your own battery specifications by editing a few parametersthat are provided in the datasheet. The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation timeAll Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 37 38. 2. Model Feature This Li-Ion Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users whorequire the model of a Li-Ion Battery as a part of their system. Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that canperform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions,are accounted by the model. As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature areneglected.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 38 39. 3. Concept of the ModelLi-Ion battery+Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model Output[Spec: C, NS]CharacteristicsAdjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ] - The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery capacity and SOC, whichrepresent the battery initial capacity level. Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog behavioral model (ABM). NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Li-ion cells are in series to increase battery voltagelevel. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 39 40. 4. Parameter Settings Model Parameters:C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah] e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]NS is the number of cells in series e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells+- LI-ION_BATTERYbattery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell) TSCALE = 1 U1C = 1.4SOC is the initial state of charge in percent SOC = 1 e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 fora full charged battery (100%) NS = 1(Default values)TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into asecond, TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into asecond, From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parametersC, NS, SOC and TSCALE.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201140 41. 5. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example) Nominal Voltage 3.7V+ - LI-ION_BATTERYTSCALE = 60Nominal Typical 1400mAh (0.2C discharge) CapacityU1SOC = 1C = 1.4Charging Voltage4.20V0.05VNS = 1Battery capacity Charging Std. Current 700mA is input as amodel parameter Charge1400mA Max Current Discharge 2800mA Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V The battery information refer to a battery part number LIR18500 of EEMB BATTERY. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201141 42. 5.1 Charge Time CharacteristicMeasurementSimulation1.0VCapacity=100%0.8V0.6V0.4V0.2V 0V V(X_U1.SOC) 4.4V 1.4A 12 4.2V 1.2A 4.0V 1.0AVoltage=4.20V 3.8V 0.8A+ - LI-ION_BATTERY 3.6V 0.6A 3.4V 0.4ATSCALE = 60 Current=700mA 3.2V U1 C = 1.4 SEL>> 3.0V0ASOC = 0 0s50s100s 150s200sNS = 1 1V(HI) 2 I(IBATT) Time(minute)SOC=0 means battery start from 0%of capacity (empty) Charging Voltage: 4.20V0.05V Charging Current: 700mA (0.5 Charge) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201142 43. 5.1 Charge Time Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting PARAMETERS: Over-Voltage Protector: N=1(Charging Voltage*1) - VF of D1 CAh = 1.4 rate = 0.5D1 DMODHIVoch Input Voltage OUT+ OUT-C1{(4.20*N)-8.2m}Vin 10n5V IBATT IN+ IN- 00G1Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )0 0 + - LI-ION_BATTERY TSCALE = 60 U1C = 1.4 SOC = 0 1 minute in seconds NS = {N}*Analysis directives:.TRAN 0 200 0 0.5.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 43 44. 5.2 Discharge Time CharacteristicBattery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C discharge rates.PARAMETERS:rate = 1CAh = 1.4 4.4Vsense 4.2VHI4.0VC1010n 0.2C +- LI-ION_BATTERY3.8VTSCALE = 600U1 C = 1.4 IN+OUT+SOC = 1 3.6VNS = 1 IN-OUT-G1limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 3.4V0.5C3.2V TSCALE turns 1 minute in seconds, 0 battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged)3.0V 1C2.8V2.6V*Analysis directives:0s100s200s 300s400sV(HI)(minute).TRAN 0 300 0 0.5Time.STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,0.5,1.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 44 45. 5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic Measurement Simulation4.404.204.00 0.2C3.80Voltage (V)0.5C3.60 1C3.403.203.002.802.60 10.80.6 0.4 0.20 -0.2Capacity (%) Simulation 1.2 + -LI-ION_BATTERY Discharge Capacity 1.0TSCALE = 60 (%vs. 0.2C)U1C = 1.40.8SOC = 10.6NS = 1 0.4 Mesurement 0.2 Simulation 0.0 Nominal Voltage: 3.7V 00.20.40.6 0.81 Capacity: 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)Battery Discharge Current (vs. C Rate) Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.75VAll Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201145 46. 5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting PARAMETERS: rate = 0.2 CAh = 1.4 sense HI C1 0 10nIN+OUT++ - LI-ION_BATTERY TSCALE = 60IN-OUT-0U1 C = 1.4 G1SOC = 1 limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) NS = 1 1 minute in seconds0 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 296.82 0 0.5 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 46 47. 6. Extend the number of Cell (Example) Li-ion needs 4cells to reach thisvoltage levelBasic Specification+ - LI-ION_BATTERYTSCALE = 60 Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4VU1SOC = 1C = 4.4 Capacity of Approximately4400mAhNS = 4Input VoltageDC 20.5VThe number of cellsin series is input asa model parameter Charging TimeAbout 5 hours The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUNCo., Ltd. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201147 48. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=4 The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged 1.0V Capacity=100% 0.8V 0.6V 0.4V 0.2V SEL>>0V V(X_U1.SOC) 18V 2.4A 1 2 17V 2.0A 16V 1.6A Voltage=16.8V 15V 1.2A 14V 0.8A 13VCurrent=880mA >> 12V 0A0s1s 2s 3s4s 5s 6s 7s 8s9s 10s 1V(HI) 2I(IBATT)(hour)Time Input Voltage: 20.5V Charging Voltage: 16.8V Charging Current: 880mA (0.2 Charge)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201148 49. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=4 Simulation Circuit and Setting PARAMETERS: Over-Voltage Protector: N=4(Charging Voltage*4) - VF of D1 CAh = 4.4 rate = 0.2D1 DMODHI Voch Input Voltage OUT+ OUT-C1 {(4.2*N)-8.2m}Vin 10n20.5V IBATT IN+ IN- 0 0G1Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )0 0 + - LI-ION_BATTERY TSCALE = 3600 U1C = 4.4 SOC = 0 1 Hour in seconds NS = {N}*Analysis directives:.TRAN 0 10 0 0.05.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 49 50. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=418V17V16.4V16VOutput15Vvoltage0.5Crange14V12.8V 13V1C12V11V10V0s 0.4s 0.8s1.2s1.6s2.0s V(HI) (hour) Time Charging Voltage: 16.8V Charging Current: 880mA (0.2 Charge)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201150 51. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=4Simulation Circuit and SettingParametric sweep ratePARAMETERS:rate = 1CAh = 4.4senseHIC1 010n IN+OUT++ - LI-ION_BATTERYTSCALE = 3600 IN-OUT-0U1 C = 4.4G1SOC = 1limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) NS = 4 1 Hour in seconds 0 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 3 0 0.05 .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.5,1 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 51 52. Nickel-Metal Hydride BatterySimplified SPICE Behavioral Model All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 52 53. Contents 1. Benefit of the Model 2. Model Feature 3. Concept of the Model 4. Parameter Settings 5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example) 5.1 Charge Time Characteristic 5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic 5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic 6. Extend the number of Cell (Example) 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7 Simulation Index All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 53 54. 1. Benefit of the Model The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Ni-MH battery runtime and circuitperformance. The model can be easily adjusted to your own Ni-MH battery specifications by editing a fewparameters that are provided in the datasheet. The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation time. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 54 55. 2. Model Feature This Ni-MH Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users whorequire the model of a Ni-MH Battery as a part of their system. The model accounts for Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level(SOC) Characteristic, so it can perform battery charge and discharge time atvarious current rate conditions. As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature areneglected.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 55 56. 3. Concept of the ModelNi-Mh battery+Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model Output[Spec: C, NS]CharacteristicsAdjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ] - The model is characterized by parameters: C which represent the battery capacity and SOC whichrepresent the battery initial capacity level. Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog behavioral model (ABM). NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Ni-mh cells are in series to increase battery voltagelevel. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 56 57. 4. Parameter Settings Model Parameters:C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah] e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]NS is the number of cells in series +-NI-MH_BATTERY e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery TSCALE = 1(battery voltage is double from 1 cell)U1 C = 1350M SOC = 1SOC is the initial state of charge in percent NS = 1 e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a fullcharged battery (100%)(Default values)TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world) into asecond(in simulation) e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real world)into a second(in simulation), TSCALE=3600 turns 3600sor 1h into a second. From the Ni-Mh Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parametersC, NS, SOC and TSCALE.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201157 58. 5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example) Nominal Voltage 1.2V Typical 1350mAh Capacity+ - NI-MH_BATTERYMinimum1250mAhTSCALE = 1 U1 SOC = 1C = 1350MCharging CurrentTime1350mAabout 1.1hNS = 1 Discharge cut-off voltage 1.0V Battery capacity[Typ.] is input as a model parameter The battery information refer to a battery part number HF-A1U of SANYO. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201158 59. 5.1 Charge Time Characteristic MeasurementSimulation1.8V1.7V1.6V1.5VCharge: 1350mA1.4V1.3V1.2V1.1V1.0V 0s10s 20s 30s 40s50s 60s70s 80sV(HI) (min.) Time + - NI-MH_BATTERY Charging Current: 1350mA about 1.1h TSCALE = 60U1 C = 1350M SOC = 0SOC=0 means NS = 1battery start from 0% of capacity (empty)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201159 60. 5.1 Charge Time Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting PARAMETERS: rate = 1 CAh = 1350m HICharge Voltage OUT+ OUT- C1Vin10n3V0 IBATT IN+ IN-G1Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 00 + - NI-MH_BATTERYTSCALE = 60U1C = 1350M A constant current charger atSOC = 0 rate of capacity (e.g. 1 1350mA) NS = 11 minute into a second (in simulation) *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 62 0 25m .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201160 61. 5.2 Discharge Time CharacteristicBattery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 1.0C, and 2.0C discharge rates.1.6VPARAMETERS:rate = 1CAh = 1350msense 1.5V HI1.4V C1 0 IN+OUT+ 10n+ - NI-MH_BATTERYTSCALE = 60 IN-OUT- 0U1C = 1350M 1.3V0.2CG1SOC = 1GVALUENS = 1limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh )1.2V 0 TSCALE turns 1 minute into a1C1.1Vsecond(in simulation), battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged)2C1.0V0.9V*Analysis directives:0s 60s V(HI)120s 180s 240s 300s360s (min.).TRAN 0 360 0 100m Time.STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,1,2.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201161 62. 5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic Measurement Simulation 1.6 0.2C (270mA) 1.5 1.0C (1350mA) 2.0C (2700mA) 1.4Cell Voltage [V] 1.3 1.2 1.1270mA1350mA 1.02700mA 0.9 0 250500 750 100012501500Discharge Capacity [mAh] Simulation 1.2 + - NI-MH_BATTERY(% of Rated Capacity) 1.0 TSCALE = 60Actual Capacity 0.8 U1C = 1350M SOC = 1 0.6 NS = 10.4 Mesurement 0.2 Nominal Voltage: 1.2V 0.0 Simulation Capacity: 1350mAh 01 2 345 Discharge cut-off voltage: 1.0VDischarge Rate (Multiples of C)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 62 63. 5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting PARAMETERS: rate = 0.2 CAh = 1350msense HI C1 0 IN+OUT+A constant current 10n+ - NI-MH_BATTERY discharger at rate ofTSCALE = 60 IN-OUT- 0U1C = 1350M capacity (e.g. 1 1350mA)G1SOC = 1GVALUENS = 1limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 1 minute into a second(in simulation) 0 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 296.4 0 100m .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 63 64. 6. Extend the number of Cell (Example) Ni-MH needs 7cells to reach thisvoltage level Basic Specification+ - NI-MH_BATTERYTSCALE = 3600Voltage - Rated8.4VU1SOC = 1C = 1500MCapacity 1500mAhNS = 7 Structure1 Row x 7 Cells Side to SideThe number of cellsin series is input asa model parameterNumber of Cells7 Voltage Rated8.4 NSNi - MH Nominal Voltage 1.2 The battery information refer to a battery part number HHR-150AAB01F7of Panasonic.All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201164 65. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged12.6V11.9V11.2V10.5V Voltage 9.8V 9.1V 8.4V 7.7V 7.0V0s 1s 2s 3s4s5s 6s7s8s9s10s V(HI)(hour)Time Charging Current: 300mA (0.2 Charge) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 65 66. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7 Simulation Circuit and Setting PARAMETERS: rate = 0.2 CAh = 1500m HICharge Voltage OUT+ OUT- C1Vin10n12V0 IBATT IN+ IN-G1Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 00 + - NI-MH_BATTERYTSCALE = 3600U1C = 1500MSOC = 0NS = 71 hour into a second (in simulation)*Analysis directives:.TRAN 0 5.2 0 2.5m.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 201166 67. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7 11.2V 10.5V9.8V9.1V 0.2C8.4V0.5C7.7V 1C7.0V6.3V 0s 1.0s 2.0s3.0s4.0s 5.0s 6.0sV(HI) (hour) Time Voltage - Rated: 8.4V Discharging Current: 300mA(0.2C), 750mA(0.5C), 1500mA(1.0C) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 67 68. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7Simulation Circuit and SettingParametric sweep ratefor multiple rate discharge simulationPARAMETERS:rate = 1CAh = 1500m sense HI C10IN+OUT+10n+ - NI-MH_BATTERYTSCALE = 3600IN-OUT-0 U1 C = 1500M G1 SOC = 1 GVALUE NS = 7 limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh )1 hour into a second (in simulation) 0 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 6 0 2.5m .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,0.5,1 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 68 69. Bee Technologies Group 105-0012 27 74 : 03-5401-3851 :2002910 :8,830 ) Bee Technologies Corporation () Siam Bee Technologies Co.,Ltd. ()info@bee-tech.comAll Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 69