202107 using the derwent manual codes on stnext
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Using the Derwent Manual Codes on STNextAndrew Klein – ClarivateJim Brown – FIZ Karlsruhe
7/22/2021
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1. What are Manual Codes?2. How are they
structured?3. How do we apply them?4. How can you identify
relevant Manual Codes?5. How can Manual Codes
help your searches?
Agenda
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What are Manual Codes?
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What are Manual Codes?
A ‘technical shorthand’ or ‘language’ in the Derwent World Patents Index (DWPI) that provides an alternative entry point from text into topic searching.
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What’s wrong with text searching?
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Who creates Manual Codes?
The DWPI editorial team.
Subject matter experts
Assisted by NLP-powered suggestions
Review claims and DWPI abstract
Apply as many codes as applicable
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Derwent World Patents Index: process overview
Patent Receipt
Basic/EquivSearch
Routing for Abstract by technology
Assigning Patent Assignee Codes
Data Validation
Data error/ rectification
Non-cons Search
Feedback loop
Editorial Value Add-Abstracting
Quality control-
abstracts; system format
validation
Apply classification
Editorial Value Add: Manual Coding/Indexing/Editing
Quality Control: Manual Coding/Indexing/Editing
Quality Control: Data Integrity
Production Creation (DWPI)
Preliminary processingBibliographic DataPatent FamilyBasic/Equivalent SearchPatent Assignee CodesNon-convention EquivalentsSectioningClassification
= Human intellectual value add
Manual Codes
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What is the coverage of Manual Codes?
• Started in 1963 with pharmaceutical patents
• Gradually extended to cover all areas of technology in 1980, 2006, 2012 and 2015
• Most unique and detailed coverage is for Sections A-N (CPI subscription required to access)
• Non-CPI customers: only search codes in Sections P & Q and Sections S-X
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Why use Manual Codes?
Multiple codes applied to a single documentto cover all relevant aspects
Hierarchical, giving more detail as the code gets longer (up to seven levels)
Intellectually applied, based on the patent content and technology specialist’s knowledge of the area of invention
Highlight novel technical aspects of the invention,as well as applications
Updated yearly by technology specialistsbased on technology trends and customer feedback
More consistently indexed than IPCs; Produces unique relevant hitswhen compared to text searching and IPC’s
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How are Manual Codes structured?
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How do Manual Codes relate to other DWPI classification?
File segment
Chemical, Electrical engineering or General & Mechanical Engineering
DWPI Section
High level summary of technology (e.g. pharmaceuticals, communication devices, transport)
DWPI Class
The broad technology involved (e.g. steroids, domestic electrical appliances, railways)
Manual Codes
The specific technology involved
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DWPI File Segments
• CPI – The Chemical Patents Index• EPI – The Electrical Patents Index• GMPI – The General & Mechanical Patents
Index
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CPI Sections
A – Polymers and PlasticsB – PharmaceuticalsC – Agricultural ChemicalsD – Food, Detergents, Water Treatment and BiotechnologyE – General ChemicalsF – Textiles and Paper-MakingG – Printing, Coating, PhotographicH – PetroleumJ – Chemical EngineeringK – Nucleonics, Explosives and ProtectionL – Refractories, Ceramics, Cement and Electro(in)organicsM – MetallurgyN – Catalysts
Sections are broad subject areas for high level technical categorization
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GMPI and EPI Sections
P – GeneralQ – Mechanical
S – Instrumentation, Measuring and TestingT – Computing and ControlU – Semiconductors and Electronic CircuitryV – Electronic ComponentsW – CommunicationsX – Electric Power Engineering
Sections are broad subject areas for high level technical categorization
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Example
• File segment: CPI
• DWPI Class: A21 Phenoplasts; Epoxides; Aminoplasts
• Manual Code hierarchy:
Section A05 Condensation PolymerGroup A05-C PhenolplastSubgroup A05-C01 GeneralDivision A05-C01B . UsesSubdivision A05-C01B1 .. Adhesives
An invention for phenolplast adhesives would receive the manual code A05-C01B1
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- Derwent manual codes are searched using /MC search qualifier
- Derwent manual codes can be searched at section level without truncation and retrieve all relevant records
- Can use truncation for searching at group, subgroup and division levels
- If you search a manual code at these levels without truncation on STNext, you will only retrieve those records where that specific manual code was indexed
Derwent Manual codes on STNextSection A05 Condensation PolymerGroup A05-C PhenolplastSubgroup A05-C01 GeneralDivision A05-C01B . UsesSubdivision A05-C01B1 .. Adhesives
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Searching Derwent Manual Codes on STNext
At the section level, there is no need to use truncation.
At the group level, truncation needs to be used to capture all relevant records.
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Searching Derwent Manual Codes on STNext
At the subgroup level, truncation needs to be used to capture all relevant records.
At the division level, truncation needs to be used to capture all relevant records.
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- The Derwent Manual Codes are hierarchical
- Broader terms (BT), narrower terms (NT), related terms (RT)
- => E manual code+ALL/MC
- Shows the entire Derwent Manual Code hierarchy for a particular code in an EXPAND statement
- Will help determine the appropriate level to incorporate into the strategy
- The best code may be the exact code that was expanded on, or a broader code or a narrower code
EXPAND on Derwent Manual Codes on STNext
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Hierarchical tree example
NT NT
RT
BT
BT
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EXPANDing Derwent Manual Codes on STNext
E4 is the term that was EXPANDedaround. E1-E3 are broader codes; E5-E7 are related and narrower codes.
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How do we apply Manual Codes?
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How do we apply Manual Codes?
• They are applied in combination with one another to effectively “paint” a picture of the invention.
• They are applied at the appropriate level of broadness or specificity.
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Manual Coding in combination
Codes are designed to be used in conjunction with one another to narrow down the area of interest.
Vehicle tyre monitoring Remote monitoring
Monitoring using radio transmissionMeasuring inflation pressureS02-F01C4A
Adding the code (S02-F01C4A) for inflation pressure measurement to the vehicle radio remote monitoring codes completes the level of detail required to be able to search for the area of interest for this example.
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Engineering exampleManual Codes: Q17-E03 Vehicle engine lubricating arrangementQ19-F Recreational vehicles such as quad-bikesQ51-G02 Liquid cooling of IC engineQ13-A03 ClutchQ13-A22 Transmission cooling arrangements
DWPI Title:Lubricating device for internal combustion engine used in quad bike, has scavenging pump feeding sump oil to tank with pump feeding oil from tank to cool clutch of vehicle transmission
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Polymer example
Manual Codes: A04-G02C Polyethylene fabricationA11-B10 Blow mouldingA12-P06A BottlesQ32-A01 BottlesQ31-C Manufacture of packageQ33-B PlasticQ34-B Packages for holding liquid/semi-liquidQ34-C07 Drinks and beverages
Blow molding of polyethylene to produce a bottle
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- Not all manual codes have to be searched, only enough to capture relevant records
Derwent Manual code search example
Note: This set can be further refined by searching the polyethylene concept – through Derwent Manual Codes, Derwent Polymer Indexing, etc.
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Broadness or specificity of Manual Codes
Codes applied reflect the broadest concepts described.• Independent claim: “We claim a drug that
treats cancers…”– Dependent claim: “… such as lung
cancer…”Code applied: B14-H01 (cancer treatment) NOT B14-H01K3 (lung cancer)
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Broadness or specificity of Manual Codes
Special case: when 3 or more specific codes that sit under a general code would be applied, only the general code applies.
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CN1102563 – First 5 claims from CNFULL
Derwent Manual code indexing example
Note: The second claim in this document claims anticancer activity for many types of cancer. Because there are three or more specifics, the Derwent indexer will opt for a more generic Manual Code, as opposed to specific codes for each type listed.
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CN1102563 – Derwent Manual Codes in WPIX
Derwent Manual code indexing example
Note: You may expect the Manual Codes to include B14-H01K3 (Lung Cancers), but because the document mentions other cancers as well, the indexer opted for a more generic code to cover these concepts, namely B14-H01K (Oral and Respiratory Cancers.)
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Derwent Manual code indexing example
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How can you identify relevant Manual Codes?
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Three good methods for identifying Manual Codes
• Find a highly relevant reference and review it for assigned Manual Codes
• Use text searching to find a list of relevant references
• Use ANALYZE command to identify common Manual Codes
• EXPAND on the Manual Code hierarchy in a section of interest
• Browse the hierarchy to find relevant Manual Codes
Reverse engineer Analyze Browse
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- Find a record that is close to the searched concept
- See which Derwent Manual Codes have been indexed for that record
- Get the definitions of those Manual Codes
- Decide which codes are relevant for your searchcode
Reverse Engineering
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Reverse Engineering (cont.)Manual Codes of interest:
A04-G02C Polyethylene fabricationA11-B10 Blow mouldingA12-P06A BottlesQ32-A01 BottlesQ31-C Manufacture of packageQ33-B PlasticQ34-B Packages for holding liquid/semi-liquidQ34-C07 Drinks and beverages
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- Perform a keyword (or IPC, CPC, etc.) search
- ANALYZE the set for the Derwent Manual Codes
- Get the definitions of the higher-posted Manual Codes
- Decide which codes are relevant for your searchcode
ANALYZE
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ANALYZE
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Downloaded ANALYZE results – Excel spreadsheet
Start with the highest posted Manual Codes – decide if the code is appropriate by checking the title/definition.
. . .
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- The Derwent Manual code Manuals are available as pdfs
- CPI - https://clarivate.com/derwent/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dlm_uploads/2019/08/CPI-Manual-2021.pdf
- EPI - https://clarivate.com/derwent/dwpi-reference-center/engineering-user-guides/
- Keyword search of the manual code titles is available in the Derwent Manual Code Lookup tool
- https://clarivate.com/derwent/dwpi-reference-center/mcl/
Browse
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Derwent Manual Code Lookup
Code A12-R06 has the word ‘bottle’ in the scope notes but not in the title.
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How can Manual Codes help your searches?
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Two uses for Manual Codes
Manual Codes as filters• Restrict your keyword searches
with Manual Codes by combining using AND
• Improve the relevancy of your results
Manual Codes as synonyms• Combine Manual code with
keyword or other class terms (IPC/CPC) terms using OR
• Make your search more comprehensive
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Manual Codes as synonyms
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Manual Codes as synonyms
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Manual Codes as filters
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Manual Codes as filters
The keyword search also captured records that pertained to Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene terpolymer, antibodies, and air bearing surfaces. Adding the Derwent Manual Codes to the original search refined it, removing a lot of false drops.
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- The Derwent Manual Codes are another important search tool to complement keyword searching
- Can be used by themselves, or in conjunction with other classification schemes (IPCs, CPCs, etc.)
- When using Manual Codes, be sure to check the start date of the term in question
- May have to include older, broader terms for older time periods
- Always consider broadening the strategy, given the ‘three or more concepts from the same hierarchy, only the generic code will be indexed’ indexing rule
Summary
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