2018 aashto bike guide - tooledesign.com aashto bike guide... · aashto guide for the development...
TRANSCRIPT
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2018 AASHTO BIKE GUIDE
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Your presenters
Jessica Fields, PEDenver Office Director
Sagar Onta, PE, PTOEDenver Engineering Director
35 years of combined experience street design, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and bicycle facility design
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Work Experience Across the Nation
Toole Design Group is the nation’s leading planning, engineering, and landscape architecture firm specializing in multimodal transportation.
Toole Design Group
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Toole Design Group
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Our guidance work
AASHTO Guide for the
Development of Bicycle
Facilities
NCHRP 803 Pedestrian
and Bicycle
Transportation Along
Existing Roads
Massachusetts DOT Separated Bike Lane Planning & Design Guide
FHWA Achieving
Multimodal Networks:
Applying Design
Flexibility & Reducing
Conflicts
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1974 “Guide for Bicycle Routes”
Davis, California 1967Protected Bike Lanes & Intersections
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1974 “Guide for Bicycle Routes”
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But then…
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“Vehicular cycling…Is faster and more enjoyable, so that the plain joy of cycling overrides the annoyance of even heavy traffic.” John Forester
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AASHTO Bike Guide History
Protected bike lanes removed in first edition of the Bike Guide
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1980s – 1990s The Wide Outside Lane
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1- 2%
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AASHTO Bike Guide History
“Bicycle lanes tend to complicate both bicycle and motor vehicle turning movements at intersections.”
1999 AASHTO Bike Guide1991 AASHTO Bike Guide
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AASHTO Bike Guide History
• Latest edition published in 2012
• Written in 2010• Conforms to 2009
MUTCD which was written in 2007
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Other guidance in recent years
Massachusetts DOT Separated Bike Lane Planning & Design Guide
FHWA Achieving
Multimodal Networks:
Applying Design
Flexibility & Reducing
Conflicts
CROW Design Manual
for Bicycle Traffic
NACTO Urban Bikeway
Design Guide
20162015 20162014
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NCHRP 15-60: Updating the guide
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Topic Score Rank
Design of transitions between treatments 200 1
Intersection treatments (e.g. bike boxes, 2-stage turn boxes) 171 2
Separated bike lanes 167 3
Buffered bike lanes 164 4
Application of PROWAG 155 5
Bicycle signals and detection 151 6
Other (please describe in next question) 146 7
Use of green color in bike lanes 137 8
Bicycle boulevards 128 9
Electric assist bicycle (e-bikes) 121 10
Ranking of issues in for the next edition:
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Public Demand
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Safety Trends
Cyclist Fatality Rate per 100,000 Population
Source: Buehler and Pucher, 2017
Cycling is more dangerous in the U.S. than in peer countries.
A key difference:European countries have a prevalence of connected networks of separated bikeways.
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The Importance of Comfort
Bike Lane
Sidewalk
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1. Introduction2. Bicycle Planning
• Includes wayfinding3. Bicycle Operation & Safety4. Design of On-Road Facilities
• Includes elements of design, shared lanes, shoulders, bike lanes, traffic signals, roundabouts, an structures
5. Design of Shared Use Paths6. Bicycle Parking Facilities7. Maintenance and Operations
2012 Chapter List
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1. Introduction2. Bicycle Operation & Safety 3. Planning4. Facility Selection 5. Elements of Design 6. Shared Use Paths7. Separated Bike Lanes8. Bicycle Boulevards9. Bike Lanes & Shared Lanes
10.Traffic Signals and Active Warning Devices
11. Roundabouts, Interchanges, and Other Intersections
12. Rural Area Bikeways 13. Structures14. Wayfinding 15. Maintenance & Operations16. Parking & End of Trip Facilities
2018 Preliminary Chapter List
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• Current MUTCD content is pre-2007 • Update in 2020 at the earliest
• FHWA issuing interim approvals for new treatments
2018 Guide includes treatments not in MUTCD• Upfront caveat for compliance and
experimentation• Caveat each time discussed
1 : Introduction : MUTCD Delays
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source: Dill, J., McNeil, N. (2012). Four Types of Cyclists? Examining a Typology to Better Understand Bicycling Behavior and Potential.
lower stress tolerance higher stress tolerance
4 - 7% Experienced and confident5 - 9% Somewhat confident51 - 56% Interested but Concerned
2 : Bicycle Operation & Safety
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2 : Bicycle Operation & Safety Default Design User for Guide
Experienced & Confident CyclistAASHTO 2012
Interested but Concerned CyclistAASHTO 2018
4 - 7% 51 - 56%
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3 : Planning Principals
Safety Reduce crashes and conflicts
Comfort Conditions should not deter use
Connectivity Direct and convenient
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3 : Perceived Comfort & Objective Safety
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𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 =𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
3 : Reporting and Exposure
• Bike crashes go unreported • Bike volumes not always available• Perception of safety can tell us what’s going on
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4 : Facility Selection : Dutch CROW Manual
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4 : Facility Selection : AASHTO 2018
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4 : CROW Manual vs AASHTO Manual
Shared Lanes• Max volume 2,500 ADT• Max speed = 18 mph
Bike Lanes• Max volume 5,000 ADT• Max lanes = 1 / direction• Max speed = 30 mph
Separated Bike Lanes• More than 2 lanes• Speed over 30 mph
Shared Lanes• Max volume = 3,000 ADT• Max speed = 25 mph
Bike Lanes• Max volume = 6,000 ADT• No max lanes• Max speed = 30 mph
Separated Bike Lanes• More than 6,000 ADT• Speed over 30 mph
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5 : Elements of Design“How to” chapter for critical design elements
approach clear space
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6 : Shared Use Path Design
Largely the same content as 2012 except:
Low Volume Pedestrians-may be shared
High Volume Pedestrians-separate
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7 : Separated Bike Lanes
MassDOT 2.0Improvements over MassDOT:• ADA Guidance• Transit Stop Design• Sight Distance Assessment• Constrained Tradeoff
Assessment• Transition Guidance
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7 : Separated Bike Lanes
• Designs for transit access
• Two-way vs. one-way guidance
• Can have “win-win-win” scenarios
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7 : Separated Bike Lanes – Some Design Elements
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8 : Bicycle Boulevards• Incorporating NACTO bicycle
boulevard design treatments
• Speed management• Creating enclosure• Horizontal and vertical deflection• Crossing islands
• Traffic diversion• Traffic control at intersections
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A bicycle boulevard does not exist unless major street crossings are safe
8 : Bicycle Boulevards
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• “Wide curb lanes are therefore not recommended as a strategy to accommodate bicycling”
• Recommends SHARE THE ROAD signs not be used, instead:
9 : Bicycle Lanes and Shared Lanes
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“Shared lane markings are most advantageous on roadways with traffic volumes below 3,000 vehicles per day, and speeds that are 25 mph or less. ”
9 : Bicycle Lanes and Shared Lanes
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Establishes a standard for marking buffered bike lanes
9 : Bicycle Lanes and Shared Lanes
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Creates a clear process to evaluate major street crossings
10 : Active Beacons and Traffic Signals
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10 : Yielding at uncontrolled crossings
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10 : Volume warrants
“Volume warrants are not appropriate for midblock shared use path crossings, as the user typically has no other choice than to cross at this location.”
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10 : Good news about the RRFB
• Rectangular rapid flashing beacon• Interim approval from FHWA in 2008
• Approval rescinded end of 2017• New approval in March 2018
http://www.tooledesign.com/resources/news/rrfbs-return-guide-key-changes-fhwa-ia-21
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10: Bicycle signal heads
FHWA Interim Approval
Bike signal head warrant/requirement:• Leading or protected phasing • Contra-flow movements• Signal heads beyond cone of visionBike signal head application:• Can only be used without conflicting vehicle
turns
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• Options for concurrent movements?• Requests to experiment
10 : Bicycle signal heads
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10 : Jackson St Request to Experiment
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11 : Roundabouts, Interchanges & Alternative Intersections
• Provide separated facilities • Separate pedestrians and bikes• Uncontrolled motorist crossings
should be < 25mph…• Unless lots of gaps• Add active warning• Add control
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12 : Rural Roadways
Design User:Between Towns & Villages
Experienced & Confident
In Towns & VillagesInterested but Concerned
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• Shoulder width recommendations
• Transition recommendations
• Rumble Strip spacing, location, and gap guidance
12 : Rural Roadways
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13 : Structures
Largely the same guidance as 2012
• Railings• Joints• Lighting• Viewing areas
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14 : Wayfinding
Expanded guidance for sign design and placement
Added flexibility for sign design
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15 : Maintenance & Operations
Photo Credit: DDOT Photo Credit: DDOT
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16 : Bike Parking & End of Trip Support
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• 2nd Draft submitted late 2017• 3rd Draft: early 2018
• Comments coming soon• Final Draft and Balloting: mid 2018
AASHTO Subcommittee Approvals needed from: design, traffic, bicycle
Final Comments and Publication: End of 2018?
AASHTO Bike Guide Schedule
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• Thank you
Questions?Jessica Fields, PE
Sagar Onta, PE, [email protected]
www.tooledesign.comTwitter @tooledesign