2017 respirators ppe
TRANSCRIPT
Respirators
John Newquist
Draft 2 12 2017
Definitions PretestA. High efficiency particulate air
(HEPA) filterB. Immediately dangerous to life
of health (IDLH)C. Negative pressure respiratorD. Oxygen deficient atmosphereE. Positive pressure respiratorF. Powered air-purifying
respiratorG. Self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA)H. Supplied-air respirator (SAR)I. Escape-only respiratorJ. Tight-fitting facepiece
Standard Overview
• Definitions• Program Requirements• Selection• Medical Evaluation• Fit Testing
• Maintenance/Use• Training• Recordkeeping
December 2014 • Evanston IL• $132,000 to six contractors• OSHA's inspection found that
onsite asbestos consultant directed the HVAC contractor to cut and remove 60 feet of piping that contained asbestos insulation without PPE. Typical asbestos pipe.
• PPE Assessment• Payment• Training• Audit
Overview
Payment• Employers pay for almost all personal protective equipment that is
required by OSHA’s general industry standards.• Metatarsal foot protection; • Rubber boots with steel toes; • Non-prescription eye protection; • Hard hats/Bump Caps; • Hearing Protection; • Personal fall protection; and • Reflective work vests.
• It does not require payment for uniforms, items worn to keep clean, or other items that are not PPE.
• Sturdy work shoes; • Non-specialty slip-resistant, non-safety-toe footwear; • Prescription Eye wear
Some Caveats• PPE is used as a last resort• The use of PPE signifies
that the hazard could not be controlled by other methods, such as:– administrative controls (i.e.,
shift rotation)– engineering or industrial
hygiene controls
Back to the caveats...• The use of PPE signals that the
hazard still exists in the workplace
• Unprotected individuals in the same area will be exposed
• Failure of PPE means that the worker will be exposed
• PPE can be combined with other controls
Clean Air Paradox
• Quality of Air• 78.1% Nitrogen• 20.9% Oxygen• 0.9% Argon• 0.03% Carbon
Dioxide
Units Seem Small
1 % = 10,000 ppmPEL = Permissible
Exposure Limits (OSHA)
5 Mg/M3 is very small2 f/cc = 2,000,000f/M3
Health Effects
• Irritation• Asphyxiation• Organ Specific Effects• Mutagen• Teratogen• Acute/Chronic• Reversible vs.
Nonreversible
Factors
• Genetics• Age• Health status• Route of entry• Frequency and
duration of exposure
Exposure Limits
• Animal Studies• Epidemiological
studies• Industrial Experience• STEL – 15 minutes• Ceiling – never
exceeded• Threshold Limit Value
Sampling
• Qualified person• Appropriate
instrument• Duration of sampling• Pre and post
calibration
Hierarchy of Controls
• Engineering• Administrative• Personal Protective
Equipment• Training
Evaluation of Health Hazards
Lead
• Requires compliance with 1910.1025• Overexposure can occur in less than 5 minutes
when torch cutting or painting
Lead effects
• Chronic overexposure - severe damage to the blood-forming, nervous, urinary, and reproductive systems
• High levels will require medical removal • Bridge Painting/Removal continues to be
ones of the consistent lead issues in construction
Residential Lead• Lead can be 20%• Cadmium and arsenic above 10
micrograms• Written Program. L, C, A• Training L, C, A• Determination above AL• Protective Clothing• Change Areas• Decon• Sanitary Issues for lunch
Can anyone comply?
Lead
• Vacuum equipment can be used
Children Lead – Work?• 2014 greater than 5 ug/dL• Cook – 29,547 w 821• Lake – 8,419 w 20• Dupage – 5,485 w 14• Kane – 13,120 w 77• Will – 9,555 w 20• Dekalb – 1448 w 2• McHenry – 1,762 w 5• Lake Co IN – 2001 w 10
http://www.vox.com/2016/1/21/10811004/lead-poisoning-cities-us
Silica
• Cutting, hammering, drilling, blasting can create high silica levels
• Use wet methods and wear respirators
• One of the oldest occupational diseases
Silica
• Ventilation
June 2014
• If he has a respirator, is it safe?
Silica
• 150-200 deaths a year (2009)
• 1150-1200 deaths a year (1968)
• Yet….one company had 3 silicosis and 10x+ severe respiratory diseases
Gauley Bridge in 1920’s had workers die in months.
Copper Fumes - Welding• Copper is inhalation
hazard affecting respiratory system
• Mild steel (red iron) and carbon steel contain manganese
• Manganese may cause Parkinson's disease
What do you see?
Total Dust
• All the things not regulated.
• Good, bad, or indifferent?
• Air blowing!
Iron Oxide -Welding• Metal fume fever • Direct Draw or forced
ventilation should be used
• Personal Protective Equipment should be used
• Bystanders should be protected as well
Carbon Monoxide
• Generators are most common problem of CO
• Heaters out of tune are another cause
• CO TWA is 50 ppm• Others set levels 25
ppm
Carbon Monoxide• 11/8/1991• A couple and their eight
children were found dead late today, their bodies scattered throughout their small house on the city's Southwest Side.
• The police said it appeared that the family died of carbon monoxide poisoning.
• "Apparently a spot weld in a flue pipe gave way, leaving a three-inch gap [ that ] caused byproducts of combustion, including carbon monoxide, to recirculate throughout the home.“
• A neighbor said he saw repairmen working at the house last week
Carbon Monoxide
• April 7 2015• Princess Anne MD
Hex Chrome
• Stainless steel contains nickel and chromium
• Plating, grinding, welding are problems
• Some cements
Cadmium• Overexposure to
cutting cadmium bolts, coated poles
• Torch cutting should never be used
• Use hydraulic bolt cutters
• Comply with 1926.1127 Cadmium bolts are often
found in sprinkler pipe use.
Methylene Chloride• Paint stripping• Parts cleaners• Cancer causing
Asbestos
• Common Fireproofing material used pre- 1980s
• Found in pipe insulation, ceiling tiles, and floor tiles
• Must comply with 1926.1101 or 1910.1001
June 2014• The asbestos lawsuit that
saw a $1 million award • Richard Rost has
Mesothelioma• Defendants included Ford
Motor Company (Ford), General Electric, Westinghouse and Ingersoll-Rand.
• However, the latter three defendants settled with the plaintiffs out of court, before the trial had an opportunity to begin.
Overall, nearly 3,000 people are diagnosed with mesothelioma each year in the United States, which represents 0.02 percent of all U.S. cancer cases.
Examples of Asbestos Use
Shingles Floor tiles Asbestos cement Roofing felts Insulation & acoustical
products Steam pipes, boilers “Popcorn” ceilings Patching, joint compounds,
textured paint, asbestos paper tape
Brakes, clutch facings Plastics, fabrics, paints, paper
Asbestos
• 3000 die in the US• Some are spouses
or kids of asbestos workers
• Stephanie Harper of the North Texas city of Bonham Action Item #2 – CDC must
continue to track asbestos deaths.
Jan 2016
Action Item #3 EPA should put clearance sample in 10,000 f/m3EPA-recommended clearance criteria for reoccupancy into work area following asbestos abatement, often cited as 0.01 f/cc.
2013• Franklin “Al” Bieri, 54, of
Lebanon, Ill., was sentenced in federal court to five months in prison, followed by three months of home confinement.
• Disposed in dumpster with no bagged or labels
Failed to notify Environmental Protection Agency at least 10 working days prior to beginning the asbestos work an offense punishable under the Clean Air Act.
2015• $1.8 million dollar fine to IL
Roofer for OSHA violations for asbestos.
• “This case stands out because of the outrageous behavior of Joseph Kehrer,” said Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health David Michaels.
• Workers were threatened with firing if they spoke to investigators, Michaels said.
Case Study #1 • Aurora • White Powder
from pipe Insulation
• Hires 3 Homeless people for $60 each to remove it
• Asbestos over the surfaces
• Cited 2 Willful
Old Pipe insulation can contain asbestos
Case Study #2• Church notices tile in
basement area peeling.
• One of the members offers to remove it.
• Mastic used to set it was source of an OSHA asbestos complaint.
• What should have been done?
Example of tile type used.
Case Study #3• Middle School• Employees on
renovation job concerned about possible asbestos in dumper
• Hi-flow pumps used• Asbestos abatement
hired to clean it after notified
High Flow Pump
Asbestos on mastic, floor tile, and ceiling tiles.
Case Study #4 Metal Container
Paint Solvents
• Ventilation is required or overexposure can result
• Fire Hazard • Electrical must be
Class I if within 20 feet during open spraying with flammable paints
Tank painting. What could go wrong?
Tank Coating
• What issues are needed if spraying a rust resistance coating?
Isocyanates
• Isocyanates in roof glues and paints in construction
Mold• Stachybotrys chartarum (also
known as Stachybotrys atra)• Aspergillus sp.• Penicillium sp.• Fusarium sp.• Trichoderma sp.• Memnoniella sp.• Cladosporum sp.• Alternaria sp.
Legionella• August 2015• 7 dead, 87 sickened• Transmission of Legionnaires’
disease occurs when microscopic airborne droplets of water that contains LDB are inhaled by an at-risk host
• Early symptoms can include low fever, headache, aching joints and muscles, fatigue and lack of energy, and loss of appetite.
Respiratory Protection
• 1910.134– Written program #2
– Medical evaluation #1
– Fit testing #3, #6
– Selection, Evaluation of
exposure #5
– Maintenance, Storage, and
Care #9
– Annual Training #8
– Program evaluation #10
– Beards #7
Voluntary use App D - #4
Written Program RequirementsProgram Elements:
• Selection procedures• Medical Evaluations• Fit testing procedures for
tight-fitting respirators• Proper use procedures -
routine & emergency• Procedures & schedules for
maintenance • Supplied air quality &
quantity • Hazards Training - routine
& emergency• Respirator use training• Program auditing
Selection of Respirators
• Employer must select and provide an appropriate respirator based on the respiratory hazards
Uses/Limitations
• Will only work with corresponding filters or cartridges• Can protect you from hazardous levels of materials• If worn properly and in the right atmosphere, respirators can
save your life
Uses / LimitationsNever use an air purifying
respirator: • If Oxygen level is below 19.5%
or above 21%• in an IDLH atmosphere;• for ABRASIVE BLASTING;• for FIRE FIGHTING;• which is not APPROVED for
the contaminant of concern;• with FACIAL HAIR.
October 2014
Ebola
Ebola
On The Horizon• Silica?• Noise?• Confined Space
in Construction?
Protection Factors
Respiratory protective equipment
Selection of suitable type by competent personFactors:• nature of hazards• measured concentrations• period of exposure• vision• communications• confined spaces• personal suitability
Respiratory protective equipment
Training in the use of equipment must be given
Stored in a clean place with protective enclosure
Respiratory protective equipmentDisposable face mask:• light, comfortable, cheap• one user only• eight hour maximum use, but
less if high dust levels• dispose of after use• May not be ok for silica• Not for lead and asbestos
Respiratory protective equipment
Half-mask dust respirator:
• easily maintained• freedom of movement• may have ‘shelf life’• colour coded cartridges
Anatomy of a half-mask respirator
Respiratory protective equipment• High efficiency
particulate air (HEPA) dust respirator:
• full face protection• correct fitting and use• beards, spectacles, etc.
may lessen efficiency
Respiratory protective equipmentPositive pressure powered respirator:• for long periods of work• pump and filter• approximately seven hours
use• air leaks go outwards• requires battery and filter
maintenance
Respiratory protective equipment
Helmet and visor respirator:• battery-operated fan and
filter• comfortable• not for all hazards• requires maintenance
schedules
Confined Space SAR
Self-contained Air Supply for Escape.
Supplied air respirators are not to be used in an atmosphere which is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) unless it is equipped with a self-contained air supply for escape.
2014
Air Created by an Oil Lubricated Compressor?
• For oil-lubricated compressors, the employer shall use a high-temperature or carbon monoxide alarm, or both, to monitor carbon monoxide levels.
• If only high-temperature alarms are used, the air supply shall be monitored at intervals sufficient to prevent carbon monoxide in the breathing air from exceeding 10ppm
Compressor Citation
Hose Length
• The total system length can be up to 350 ft. with 100 ft. maximum from the pump to the respirator and 250 ft. from the pump to the inlet filter.
Respiratory protective equipment
Compressed airline breathing apparatus:• mask or hood with
compressed airline• requires pure air at correct
pressure, humidity and temperature
• air hose can restrict movement
Respiratory protective equipmentSelf-contained breathing apparatus:
• mask, air regulator and cylinder
• used only by a trained person
• selected by competent person
• cylinder duration is 20 – 30
minutes
Evaluation• "The employer shall identify
and evaluate the respiratory hazard(s) in the workplace; this evaluation shall include a reasonable estimate of employee exposures to respiratory hazard(s) and an identification of the contaminant's chemical state and physical form
• Does not require air sampling but……
Training Requirements• Training must be provided
prior to use• Retraining is required
annually, and when:– changes in the workplace
or type of respirator render previous training obsolete
– there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use
– any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary
IDLH Training
Voluntary Use Requirements(other than filtering facepiece respirator)
• Medical evaluations• Maintenance, Cleaning,
Storage• Appendix D• The basic advisory information in
Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer
Voluntary Use Requirements(Filtering facepiece only)
Appendix D only:• Read and Heed all instructions• Use approved respirators• Properly selected• Keep track of your respirator
#1 1910.134(e)(1)
• The employer shall provide a medical evaluation to determine the employee's ability to use a respirator, before the employee is fit tested or required to use the respirator in the workplace.
• The employer may discontinue an employee's medical evaluations when the employee is no longer required to use a respirator
Medical Evaluation Requirements
• Evaluation completed prior to wearing respirator• Annually thereafter• Evaluation include information in Sections 1 and 2, Part 1
Of Appendix C• Conducted by a physician or licensed health care
professional
Medical Signs and Symptoms
• The following are signs or symptoms that may prevent the use of a respirator:– Seizures– Claustrophobia– Asthma– Emphysema– Pneumonia
– Collapsed Lung– Lung Cancer– Broken Ribs– Chest
Injuries/Surgeries– Any other lung
problems– Heart or Circulation
problems– Anxiety
Fit Testing
Quantitative fit testing uses a machine to measure the actual amount of leakage into the face piece and does not rely upon your sense of taste, smell, or irritation in order to detect leakage
The fit test shall be administered using an OSHA-accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol.
Fit test not done before use. #6
Fit test not done annually #3
Fit Testing• Qualitative fit testing is
normally used for half-mask respirators - those that just cover your mouth and nose.
• Half-mask respirators can be filtering facepiece respirators - often called "N95s" - as well as elastomeric respirators.
TSI Qfit• Qualitative respirator fit
tester is the only OSHA-compliant (29CFR 1910.134) automated pump-driven nebulizer for Bitrex and Saccharin to qualitatively test the integrity of respirators to the specific users wearing them.
User Seal CheckAn action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face.
Positive Pressure Check
Negative Pressure Check
User Seal Check
Training Requirements
• Training must be provided prior to use, unless acceptable training has been provided by another employer within the past 12 months
• Retraining is required annually, and when:– changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous
training obsolete– there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use– any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary
• The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer
Employee Responsibilities
• Dirty respirator
• Wear PPE when necessary and required
• Attend PPE training sessions annually
• Care for, clean, maintaining, and dispose of PPE properly.
• Report any damaged or defective PPE immediately.
Respirator Defective
Cleaning Protocol• Dismantle• Wash• Rinse• Drain• Sanitize• Rinse• Dry• Reassemble• Test
1. Hypochlorite solution or2. Aqueous solution of iodine or,3. Other manufacturer cleansers
Maintenance and Care• Clean and disinfect at the following
intervals:– as often as necessary when issued for
exclusive use– before being worn by different individuals when
issued to more than one employee– after each use for emergency respirators and
those used in fit testing and training
Storage
• Protect Respirator from:– Dust– Sunlight– Damaging chemicals– Heat– Extreme cold– Excessive moisture
Inspection• Dirt• Cracks• Tears• Holes• Distortion• Broken parts• Missing parts• Elasticity• Corrosion• Valve test
Problems?
Questions?
101
Background• Classes: OSHA 10/30 Hour,
Incident Investigation, Confined Space, Excavation Safety, Cranes Signaling and Rigging, Fall Protection, Scaffold Safety, and many more
• Services: Mentoring new safety professionals, Mock OSHA Inspections, Site Safety Audits, OSHA Litigation Consultation, Expert Witness, Reducing Worker Compensation Risk, Improving Site safety
• 34 years working with top companies to achieve ZERO injuries
• Certified Safety Professional• OSHA 1983-2012• Founding Member of ANSI
Z359• 815-354-6853• [email protected]