2015 changing the debate on migration (mrn)

8/18/2019 2015 Changing the Debate on Migration (MRN)

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September 2015

Produced in

association with:


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2

Class

The Centre for Labour and Social Studies is a

new trade-

union based think tank established in2012 to act as a centre for le debate and

discussion. Originang in the labour movement,

Class works with a broad coalion of

supporters, academics and experts to develop

and advance alternave policies for today.

www.classonline.org.uk @classthinktank

Migrants' Rights Network is a young, dynamic

naonal NGO working and campaigning in

support of migrants in the UK. Our work brings

together migrant acvists and support

organizaons, think tanks, academics, faith

groups and public sector representaves to

advocate for a rights-based approach towards

migraon in the UK.

www.migrantsrights.org.uk @migrants_rights

Migrants' Rights Network


3/16

Foreword

3

Immigraon is one of the topics that

dominated the 2015 General Elecon. When

the rst edion of this pamphlet was released

last year, the myths around this subject were

entrenched in public consciousness. Over a

year later we have seen the horrifying eects

of this: nearly four million people turned out

to vote for an-immigraon party UKIP while

the Government has looked the other way as

desperate asylum seekers and migrants have

been killed trying to make it to Europe.

The one-sided migraon ‘debate’ is

characterised by myths and stereotypes. It

has proved extremely damaging – and atmes fatal – to migrants’ and asylum seekers’

lives. This updated pamphlet provides some

important facts which are sorely needed in

this increasingly an-immigraon climate.

The refugee crisis that has escalated in

Europe due to conict across the Middle East

and North Africa has further shown the

human consequences of Britain’s xenophobic

rhetoric. The Conservave Government met

lile opposion when it chose to withdraw

support for Mare Nostrum, the search and

rescue opposion for people drowning in the

Mediterranean. Thousands of desperate

people are living in a camp in Calais; Britain’s

response was to ‘strengthen borders’. Whilethe swell of public opinion has recently forced

the Government’s hand in comming to take

more refugees, they have consistently

refused to take part in a fair asylum system.

In the rst three months of this year they

rejected 64% of asylum cases – even though

the UK gets a relavely small number of

asylum applicaons.

Meanwhile, the reality for far too many of the

people from abroad who make it into Britain’s

rigorous immigraon system is one of

destuon and discriminaon. Countless

asylum seekers and refugees are held in

detenon centres and face abuse of a

physical and psychological nature. State

support for asylum seekers has been cut;

projecons suggest they will receive around

50% less than Brish benet claimants. While

asylum seekers, who could face persecuon

at home, are forcibly removed from the

country in the dead of night.

We have reached this point because of a

weakness on the Le. A signicant number of

By Maya

Goodfellow,

LabourList


4/16

4

policians who claim to be pro-immigraon

accept immigraon myths in some form or

another. For instance, many ignore thebenets of mul-language society and

adamantly proclaim that immigrants must

learn English, despite the fact that only a ny

number can’t and that the Coalion

government cut funding for English classes in

2011. This buys into the idea that ‘they’ are

dierent from ‘us’ and that ‘they’ cause

Brish society’s problems.

The absent response to the misleading, oen

hysterical, coverage of migraon has

exacerbated prejudice and strengthened the

toxic an-‘foreigner’ feeling in this country.

Far too many perpetuate the myth that

people from abroad move to Britain to claim

from the system. The reality is only 1% ofmigrants claim benets, in comparison to 4%

of the Brish populaon. Most immigrants

are in work and they are key to running

public services, like the NHS.

Yet policians sll rounely use the word

‘immigrant’ as if it were a dirty word. It has

become so powerful in its negavity that they

go so far as to interchange two very dierent

terms: ‘asylum seeker’ and ‘migrant’. The

former are forced to leave their country of

origin due to persecuon, the laer make the

choice to leave. Purposefully confusing these

two terms minimises the human suering

that exists just beyond this country’s borders

and sends a message to the public that all

people from abroad are out for what they can

get. And so, unless they have wealth to buy

them privilege, Brish immigrants and asylumseekers have become less than human.

Sadly, some believe that while all of this may

be true, the electorate won’t listen to the

truth about migraon. But public opinion is

not rigid and social change is not achieved by

simply pandering to opinion polls. On

immigraon we must challenge, confront and

transform misconcepons, to prove that

people from abroad – whether they are

classied as immigrants, asylum seekers or

refugees – have not caused low wages or this

country’s housing crisis. Wealthy landlords,

voracious employers and a deregulated

market have laid the ground for inequality to

breed. In fact, migrants and asylum seekersshare common ground with Britons who bore

the brunt of the economic crisis: both are

exploited and used as scapegoats for this

country’s problems. But mistruths about

immigraon shroud this potenal base for

solidarity.

That is why the facts in this pamphlet are so

important. We must use them to inject

raonality and humanity into the migraon

‘debate’. It is only with such facts that we can

create a rival narrave, in which we remind

the public that immigrants and asylum

seekers are human beings too.

Maya Goodfellow

Changing the debate

on migration


5/16

Too oen, terms with very dierent meanings are used interchangeably to describe

migrants. This can result in confusion and create an inaccurate percepon of what is

going on. There are many dierent reasons people move from one country to another,

some people choose to move and some are forced.

Migrants: An umbrella term to describe those who move from one place to

another to nd work or beer living condions.

Immigrants: Those who come to a country mainly for work, generally to sele.

Asylum Seekers: Those who apply for protecon under the United NaonsConvenon on the Status of Refugees and are awaing a decision from the

government as to whether they are recognised as a refugee.

Refugees: People eeing their country of origin due to fear of persecuon forreasons of race, religion, naonality, membership in a parcular social group, or

polical opinion and who have ocially been given permission to stay in the country.

Migrants or refugees?

There is no such thing as an

‘illegal’ or ‘bogus’ asylum

seeker. Under internaonal

law, anyone has the right to

apply for asylum in any

country that has signed the

1951 Convenon and to

remain there unl their

claim has been assessed.

5

Source: Refugee Council1


6/16

Media coverage of migraon is oen misleading and increasingly hysterical. Instead of

empathising with the plight of desperate migrants, the media, unl very recently, has

chosen to stoke up prejudice. The refugee crisis escalang in Europe due to conicts

across the Middle East and North Africa has been ignored to the point this became

impossible, showing just how far this xenophobic atude has skewed percepons. These

atudes eecvely shut down any real discussion about how, or why, Britain should play

a part in supporng refugees and migrants.

Despite a promise to give 20,000 people

’humanitarian status’ in the face of huge public

support for refugees, the Government is sll refusing

to take part in a fair asylum

system. In the rst 3 months

of 2015 they rejected 64%

of asylum cases and have

restricted the already basic

rights of those who are

granted asylum3.

Asylum seekers are not allowed to work while their

claim is processed. The Government is cung the

already limited support to the few asylum seekers

who have come to Britain – those with children now

have to live on £73.90 a week as a result of cuts of up

to 30% in their support payments4.

The truth about refugees

and asylum seekers

In the rst 3

months of 2015

the UK

Government

rejected 64% of

asylum cases.

6

Changing the debate

on migration

62%

What people think

4%

The reality

Source: IPPR, ONS2

Perceptions on the

share of asylum seekers

as % of migrants (UK)


7/16

Britain

France

Sweden

Germany

Refugees in Turkey

In reality the number of refugees coming to Britain is

an incredibly small percentage of the world’s refugee

populaon. The vast majority – 86% – of refugees are

taken in by developing countries with far fewer

resources than Britain5. In 2014, Turkey – whose GDP

per capita is about four mes less than Britain’s –

hosted the largest number at 1.59 million refugees6.

Britain had 31,945 applicaons for asylum in 2014; but

in Sweden – whose populaon is nearly seven mes smaller than ours – there were

81,325 such applicaons. France had more than twice as many, and Germany – with

202,851 applicaons – had more than six mes the Brish rate7.

Asylum and new asylum applicants 2014

7

Developing

countries host

of the world’s

refugees

Adjusng the gures for each

country’s populaon, thecountry that received by far

the most applicants was

Sweden with 8,365 per

million people living there.

The UK received just 494,

which compares to 2,513 for

Germany and 972 for France.

64,310

202,815

81,325

31,945

Italy

64,625

1,590,000

The UK has one of the lowest

rates of applicaons per

resident in Europe at just 0.5

per 1,000 – 1 asylum

applicaon for every 2,000

residents.

Source: Eurostat8


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Patterns of migration The distorted debate around migraon is clearly evidenced by the gulf between public

percepon around numbers, versus the reality. Polls show that people think there are

far more immigrants in Britain than there really are. On average people think that

immigrants make up a quarter – 24.4% – of the populaon when it is actually half that,

at just over 12%9. In a global context, Britain has a smaller proporon of migrants in the

populaon than the US (13%)10

, Canada (20.6%)11

and Australia (25%)12

.

The movement of migrants is not just

one way. Large numbers of people

emigrate from Britain every year. An

esmated 323,000 people

emigrated from the UK in 2014,

joining the almost 1 in 10 Brish

cizens that already live overseas13.

Internal migraon within Britain is

also an important factor. 2.85

million residents moved between

local authories in England and

Wales last year, an increase of 5%

compared with a year earlier14

.

Migraon ows are

complex and there is broad

consensus that the net

migraon target is

unhelpful and shouldn’t

guide future policy.

5.5 million or

8% of the UK

population live

abroad - compared

to just 0.8% of

Americans.15

Changing the debate

on migration

The reality

12.5%

8

What proportion of

Britain’s population

are immigrants?

24.4%

What people think


9/16

Migrants increase the labour supply of a country and help to

grow the economy through increased consumer demand,

which leads to the creaon of more jobs16

. Some argue that

there is a xed amount of work to be done in the economy,

and that more migrants means less jobs for those already

living in Britain. In reality, migrants not only increase the

size of the economy but also the number of jobs

available17

.

Despite the myths, the majority of new jobs created are not taken up by immigrants.

The immigrant share in new jobs is – and always has been – broadly the same as the

share of immigrants in the working age populaon

18

.

Between 2005 and 2008, generally a period of economic

strength and high migraon in Britain, employment of

exisng Brish workers increased by 116,00019

. Even in

2008, when migraon was high, the number of UK

unlled vacancies reached almost three quarters of a

million20

.

All the evidence suggests that migrants – especially

migrants from the new EU member states – are net

contributors to the public purse. In fact, new EU

migrants paid in via taxes about 30% more than they

cost public services21

. In parcular, they were far

less likely to claim benets and tax credits.

The real impact of migration

on the economy and jobs

of EU citizens comingto the UK for work

have a denite job

to go to22

9

New EU migrants paid

in taxes about

than they cost public

services.


10/16

In total, there is evidence that migraon has posive eects on the average wage23

. By

adding the skill sets of migrant workers to exisng sectors, there is an increase in overall

producvity, which in turn increases the average wage. In some sectors, if migrants have

skills that are direct substutes for exisng workers, and if collecve agreements are not

enforced, then a slight downward pressure on wages at the lower end of the labourmarket might be felt

24.

But the race to the boom in wages began for many

reasons. The root of this can be found in the

deregulaon of labour markets and the introducon

of a ra of an-union laws25

. This gave employers the

go-ahead to push back against decent wages and

working condions. Deregulaon, the reducon in

trade-unionism and the failure to upgrade or enforce

the minimum wage, has been to blame for this race

to the boom.

Changing the debate

on migration

What’s the real reason for the

race to the bottom in wages?

10

Deregulation of

labour markets

Failure to implement

the Agency WorkersDirective

Reduction in

trade unionism

Failure to enforce

minimum wage

WA G E S:

T he race to t he

bo t tom

The only way to

ensure decent wages

and working conditions for

all workers is to: renew theregulation of employment

conditions; ensure a

stronger role for trade

unions; and put policies in

place to tackle

the squeeze on living

standards across

the board.


11/16

Migration and public

servicesHousing

Successive government failure has meant that not

enough housing has been built over a long period

and there are now desperate shortages of

aordable housing across the country. In some areas

this has led to anger at the lack of housing being

misdirected towards migrants. The majority of new

immigrants are not eligible for social housing and

myths of migrants ‘jumping’ social housing waing

lists are completely untrue. On average, immigrants

are less likely to be in social housing than people

born in the UK26

. Likewise, immigrants are much less

likely to own their home and immigraon is unlikely

to have an impact on overall house prices27

.

Social Security The term ‘benet tourism’ is oen

bandied around to conjure up

images of lazy migrants heading

abroad to live o benets. But

‘benet tourism’ does not exist.

The UK is the only EU country to

have a lower unemployment rate

for migrants – 7.5% – than

naonals – 7.9%

28

.

U K

- b o r n

h e a d s o f h o u

s e h o l d

Source: EHRC

Owner

Occupiers

74% 17%

Social

Housing

Tenants

17% 11%

Private

Tenants

7% 64%

F o r e i g n - b o r n

h e a d s o f h

o u s e h o l d

11

of migrants claim

unemployment

benets

of UK nationals

compared to

Source: European Commission29


12/16

About 2.5% of Britons in other EU countries are

claiming unemployment benets – the same level as

the number of EU naonals claiming jobseeker’sallowance (JSA) in the UK

30.

The UK has some of the lowest benets in Europe and

the government has introduced harsher rules on

claiming support31

. These include EU migrants having to

wait three months before they can claim for JSA, Child

Benet and Child Tax Credits.

National Health Service

The phrase ‘health tourism’

refers to the idea that migrants

come to the UK with the sole

intenon of accessing free

healthcare. We are told it is a major problem, but in reality this is not the case. A

government report idened a "plausible range for health tourism" of just 5,000 to

20,000 visitors a year32

. This equals just 0.3% of total NHS spending33

– far from the

billions of pounds we are led to believe is being spent. In reality, the UK is a net

beneciary of so-called ‘health tourism’. More Brish

people receive treatment abroad than the number of

foreign born who receive treatment on the NHS

34

.

Immigrants resident in England account for 4.5% of the

populaon but are responsible for less than 2% of NHS

spending, meaning migrants cost the NHS less than

Brish-born residents35

. In the NHS, you are far more

likely to be treated by a migrant worker than meet one

in the waing room.

Overseas visitors

currently accountfor about

of total NHS

expenditure

12

Changing the debate

on migration

"Epidemics of health tourists cost us billions"

The Daily Mail, 3rd April 2013

Around the

same number ofBritons are claiming

unemployment benets

in other EU countries

as there are EU

nationals claiming

JSA in the UK


13/16

On average migrants are younger and beer educated

than their UK-born counterparts. The most recent

immigrants are beer educated sll. While more than half

of the UK-born workforce le school at 16 or earlier, fewer

than 1 in 6 new immigrants nished their educaon by theage of 16

36. In 2012, just over 1 in 5 UK-born members of

the workforce nished educaon at 21 or later compared

with more than 40% of all immigrants and more than 50%

of all new immigrants37

.

While English may not be the rst

language of many migrants, the

overwhelming majority speak English.

Just 0.3% of the total UK populaon

don't speak English at all38

.

The UK points-based system for non-EU immigrants means that

migrants are only permied to take jobs where there are recognised skill shortages and

if they can prove, before entering the UK, that

they have the necessary qualicaons. Unlike in

the United States, where the skill composion of

migrants is lted towards the unskilled, migrants

in the UK are over-

represented in very

high-skilled

occupaons.

13

Students, migration and the

skills shortage

More than 1 in 4 doctors in the UK

are foreign-born nationals

1 in 7 qualied clinical staff in hospitals and surgeries are

foreign-born nationals

Just 0.3%

of the UKpopulation is

unable to speak

English

of recent EU

migrants and

of recent non-EU

migrants

have a university

degree

Source: HSCIC39


14/16

Sources and References

The following footnotes refer to sourcesand reports quoted in the text:

1. See Refugee Council hp://

www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/glossary

2. See IPPR (2014) Percepons and Reality: Public

Atudes to Immigraon hps://www.ipsos-

mori.com/DownloadPublicaon/1634_sri -

percepons-and-reality-immigraon-report-

2013.pdf

3.

See Refugee Council (2015) Quarterly AsylumStascs hp://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/

assets/0003/4620/

Asylum_Stascs_May_2015.pdf

4. See hp://www.theguardian.com/uk -

news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children

-to-see-support-payments-cut

5. UNHCR (2014) Refugee Stascs hp://

www.unhcr.org.uk/about-us/key-facts-and-

gures.html

6.

See UNHCR above

7. See Eurostat (2015) Asylum and new asylum

applicants hp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/

stascs-explained/index.php/

Asylum_quarterly_report

8. See Eurostat (2015) above and Guardian (2015)

hp://www.theguardian.com/world/

datablog/2015/may/11/which-eu-countries-

receive-the-most-asylum-seekers

9.

See House Of Commons Brieng (2015)Migraon Stascs using Ipsos Mori and Census

2011 data hp://

researchbriengs.parliament.uk/

ResearchBrieng/Summary/SN06077#fullreport

10. See hp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/

immigraon/report/2013/04/03/59040/the -

facts-on-immigraon-today-3/

11. See hp://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-s-

foreign-born-populaon-soars-to-6-8-million-

1.1308179 12. See hp://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/

Lookup/by%

20Subject/1370.0~2010~Chapter~Overseas%

20born%20populaon%20%283.6%29

13. ONS Migraon Quarterly Report (May 2015)

hp://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migraon1/

migraon-stascs-quarterly-report/may-2015/

stb-msqr-may-2015.html

14. ONS (2014) Internal Migraon by Local

Authories in England and Wales hp://

www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migraon1/internal -

migraon-by-local-authories-in-england-and-

wales/year-ending

- june

-2014/index.html

15. Royal Stascal Society analysis of ONS data

(2014) hp://www.statslife.org.uk/social -

sciences/1910-how-many-brish-immigrants-

are-there-in-other-people-s-countries

16. Benne, A. (2014), Does Immigraon From EU

Countries Cause Unemployment In The UK? ,

Hungton hp://

www.hungtonpost.co.uk/2014/01/21/

immigraon-ids-may_n_4632089.html

17. See Benne, A. Hungton Post above

18. Centre for Economic Performance, LSE (2015)

Immigraon and the UK Labour Market hp://

cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/ea019.pdf

19. Benne, A. (2014), Does Immigraon From EU

Countries Cause Unemployment In The UK? ,

Hungton hp://

www.hungtonpost.co.uk/2014/01/21/

immigraon-ids-may_n_4632089.html

20.

See Benne, A. Hungton Post above

21. Dustmann, C. and Frani, T. (2013), The Fiscal

Eects of Immigraon to the UK, Discussion

Paper Series CDP No 22/13, Centre for Research

and Analysis of Migraon, UCL: hp://

www.cream-migraon.org/publ_uploads/

CDP_18_09.pdf

22. ONS Quarterly Report (Aug 2015) hp://

www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migraon1/migraon -

stascs-quarterly-report/august-2015/

index.html

14

Changing the debate

on migration

http://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/glossaryhttp://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/glossaryhttp://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/glossaryhttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttps://www.ipsos-mori.com/DownloadPublication/1634_sri-perceptions-and-reality-immigration-report-2013.pdfC:/Users/dulcie.fairhurst/Documents/Admin%20forms%20etchttp://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0003/4620/Asylum_Statistics_May_2015.pdfhttp://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0003/4620/Asylum_Statistics_May_2015.pdfhttp://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0003/4620/Asylum_Statistics_May_2015.pdfhttp://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0003/4620/Asylum_Statistics_May_2015.pdfhttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/16/asylum-seekers-with-children-to-see-support-payments-cuthttp://w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23. See Dustmann, C. and Frani, T. UCL above

24. Dustmann, C., Frani, T. and Preston, I. (2013),

‘The Eect of Immigraon along the Distribuon

of Wages’, Review of Economic Studies, Vol 80

(1), pp. 145-173. and Lemos, S. and Portes, J.

(2008), New Labour? The Impact of Migraon

from Central and Eastern European Countries on

the UK Labour Market , Discussion Paper No.

3756, IZA, Germany. Available: hp://

p.iza.org/dp3756.pdf

25. See Migrants Rights Network (2013) hp://

www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/11/

migrants-are-undermining-working-condions-

no-blame-30-years-government-deregulaon

26. See Centre for Economic Performance, LSE

Immigraon and the UK Labour Market (2013)

hp://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa014.pdf

27.

Ruer, J. and Latorre, M. (2009), Social housingallocaon and immigrant communies, Equality

and Human Rights Commission, available:

hp://www.equalityhumanrights.com/

uploaded_les/ehrc_report_ -

_social_housing_allocaon_and_immigrant_co

mmunies.pdf

28. ICF GHK (2013), A fact nding analysis on the

impact on the Member States' social security

systems of the entlements of non-acve intra-

EU migrants to special non-contributory cash

benets and healthcare granted on the basis of

residence: hp://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?

langId=en&catId=89&newsId=1980&furtherNew

s=yes

29. See ICF GHK above

30. Guardian analysis of EU countries (2015) via

stascs oces, ministries and government

authories hp://www.theguardian.com/uk -

news/2015/jan/19/-sp-thousands-britons-claim-

benets-eu

31. See New Statesman (2015) hp://

www.newstatesman.com/polics/2014/11/

what-are-eu-migrants-entled-terms-benets-

and-housing-and-when and Stovicek, K. and

Turrini, A. (2012), Benchmarking Unemployment

Benet Systems: European Economy Economic

Papers 454, European Commission: hp://

ec.europa.eu/economy_nance/publicaons/

economic_paper/2012/pdf/ecb454_en.pdf

32. Prederi (2013), Quantave Assessment of

Visitor and Migrant use of the NHS In England:

Exploring the data hps://www.gov.uk/

government/uploads/system/uploads/

aachment_data/le/251909/

Quantave_Assessment_of_Visitor_and_Migra

nt_Use_of_the_NHS_in_England_ -

_Exploring_the_Data_- _FULL_REPORT.pdf

33. See Channel 4 Full Fact hps://fullfact.org/

health/costs_health_tourism-37227

34. See Hanefeld, J; Horsfall, D; Lunt, N and Smith,

R (2013) Medical Tourism: A Cost or Benet to

the NHS? hp://journals.plos.org/plosone/

arcle?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0070406

35. Royal Society of Medicine (2014) hps://

www.rsm.ac.uk/about-us/media-

informaon/2014-media-releases/immigraon-

bill-will-pose-risk-to-public-health.aspx

36. Centre for Economic Performance, LSE

Immigraon and the UK Labour Market (2012)

hp://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa014.pdf

37. See Centre for Economic Performance above

38. NIESR analysis of ONS 2011 Census data (2014)

hp://www.niesr.ac.uk/blog/speaking -english-

does-maer-almost-all-immigrants-uk-

do#.Vds4bVikp

39. Health and Social Care Informaon Centre

(HSCIC) research (2014) hp://

www.hscic.gov.uk/

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