2015 ammonia safety day osha update - online /...
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
Richard Bailey, CIH, CSP
Regional Industrial Hygienist
Kansas City Regional Office
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Ammonia Health and Safety Hazards
• 29 CFR 1910.119 - Process Safety Management
– Applicability
– Determination
• Other Applicable Standards
• Emphasis Programs
– National Emphasis Programs
– Local Emphasis Programs
• Region VII Data
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Health Hazards to Employees
– High Health Hazard
– Corrosive
• Irritation - Eye, Skin, and Respiratory Irritation.
• Eyes - Temporary Blindness
• Skin - Chemical Burns
• Lungs - Pulmonary Edema (Fluid in Lungs)
– Odor Threshold - 20 ppm
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Exposure Limits
– Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
– 50 ppm Time Weighted Average (TWA)
• Industries
– General Industry (GI)
– Construction
– Shipyard
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Exposure Limits
– National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)
– 300 ppm
• Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
– 25 ppm
– 35 ppm
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Exposure Limits
– Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
• Inhalation Minimal Risk Level (MRL)
- 1.7 ppm (acute); 0.1 ppm (chronic)
- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
• Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
- 25 ppm
- 35 ppm
- 0.1 ppm (chronic)
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Exposure Limits
- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
• Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
- 25 ppm
- 35 ppm
- 0.1 ppm (chronic)
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Health Effects – Various Sources (Not Complete)
- Hoarseness
- Violent Coughing
- Painful Breathing
- Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
- Impaired Vision / Blindness
- Cyanosis
- Cutaneous Burns - Varying Severity.
- Severe Burns
- Tissue Liquefication
- Deep Penetration
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2015 Ammonia Safety Day
OSHA Update
• Flammable Concentrations
– 15% to 28% by Volume in Air
• Lubricating Oils
– Contact Increases Flammable Concentration
• Explosion
– Enclosed Space
• Internal Source of Ignition
– Ammonia Vessel
• External Source of Ignition
– Vessel Exposed to Fire.
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PSM Applicability
• Process > 10,000 lbs NH3
• Determination
– Maximum Intended Inventory
– Maximum Process Amount
– 9,000 - 9,999 lbs.
• Multiple, Separate Systems <10,000 lbs.
– Co-Located
• Not Connected, But Effected
• Fire / Explosion Potential ?
NH3
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NH3 Refrigeration Processes
< 10,000 lbs
• Not Covered by 29 CFR 1910.119 - PSM
• OSH Act Sec 5(a)(1) - General Duty Clause
– NH3 Release
• Toxic Exposure
• Fire / Explosion
– Serious Hazard
– Industry Recognition - IIAR & ASHRAE
– Feasible and Useful Means of Abatement
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PSM Program
Problem Signs
• System Leaks
• NH3 Purchase Quantities
• System Downtime
• PSM / System Knowledge
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Chemical NEP - Region VII PSM Violations
FY 2010-2014 - 40 Inspections
FY 2014 - 9 Inspections
1910.119(f) Operations Procedures 16 - 4
1910.119(d) Process Safety Information 15 - 10
1910.119(j) Mechanical Integrity 11 - 8
1910.119(e) Process Hazard Analysis 10 - 4
1910.119(g) Operator Training 5 - 2
1910.119(n) Emergency Response Plans 5 - 1
(Includes Closed and Open Inspections – Subject to Change)
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1910.119(m) Incident Investigations 5 - 4
1910.119(h) Contractor Safety 4 - 2
1910.119(l) Management of Change 4 - 4
1910.119(o) Audit Program 4 - 3
1910.119(i) Pre Startup Safety Review 1 - 0
1910.119(k) Hot Work 1 - 0
Chemical NEP - Region VII PSM Violations
FY 2010-2014 - 40 Inspections
(Includes Closed and Open Inspections – Subject to Change)
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PHA (e)
Op Train (g)
Hot Work (k)
MI (j)
PSI (d)
MOC (l)
Cont Safety (h)
EE Part (c)
Investigate (m)
Audit (o) ER Plan (n)
PSSR (i)
Op Procedures (f)
PSM - 1910.119 Violations SIC 20 and 4222
9215 Total PSM Violations May 1992 – October 15, 2008
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Other Standards
Exposure to Ammonia
• 1910.132 - Personal Protective Equipment
• 1910.134 - Respiratory Protection
‒ Maintenance
‒ Drain Oil Pot
‒ Emergency Response
• 1910.1000 - Ammonia Exposure
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Other Standards
Hazard Prevention
• 1910.147 - Lockout / Tagout
• Subpart S - Electrical Standards
– 1910.307 - Hazardous Locations • Class 1, Div 1 or 2
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Other Standards
Exposure and Release Mitigation
• 1910.38 - Emergency Action Plans
– Facility Employee Evacuation
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• 1910.120(q) - HAZWOPER / Emergency
Response ‒ Emergency Shutdown
‒ Contain Release
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Other Standards
Construction
• 1926.64 - Process Safety Management
– Total Quantity Applicable
• Other Equivalent Construction Standards
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Chemical NEP
• PSM Covered Chemical Facilities National
Emphasis Program
• Implement and Conduct Program
• Reduce or Eliminate Workplace Hazards
‒ Catastrophic Release
‒ Highly Hazardous Chemicals
• Not Applicable
‒ Petroleum Refineries
• Website
‒ http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/Directive_pdf/CPL_03-
00-014.pdf
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Chemical NEP Programmed Inspections - Facilities
• EPA
‒ Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions,
Program 3 Risk Management Plans
• OSHA
‒ Inspection Database (IMIS and OIS)
‒ OSHA Area Office Knowledge of Local
Facilities
• Explosives Manufacturing
‒ North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) Codes
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Chemical NEP Un-Programmed Inspections
• PSM-Covered Process
• Complaint
‒ Employee
• Referral
‒ Other Source (EPA, State, Fire)
• Fatality
‒ 1 or more Employee Deaths
• Catastrophe
‒ 3 or more Employee Hospitalizations
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Chemical NEP Dynamic List Questions
• Periodically Develop Dynamic Lists
• Categories
‒ General PSM Information
‒ Ammonia Refrigeration
‒ Chemical Processing
• Process
• Equipment
• Operations
Qevap
Qcond
EvaporatorEvaporator
WcompExpansion
Device
Superheated vapor,
high pressure
Saturated vapor,
low pressureliquid+vapor,
low pressure
Saturated liquid,
high pressure
CondenserCondenser
CompComp
1
2
3
4
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Chemical NEP Dynamic List Questions
• Specific Investigative Questions
‒ Gather Facts Related to PSM Requirements
• Question Subjects
‒ Specific Equipment or Task
‒ General Procedure or Process
• CSHO Select One, or More Units
• Not Publically Disclosed
‒ Maintain Inspection Integrity
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• Potentially Applicable
• National
– Site Specific Targeting Program
• Local (Region / Area)
– EPA Chemical Release
– Missouri Workers Compensation
– Powered Industrial Trucks
– Respiratory and Noise Hazards
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Emphasis Programs
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Hazard Communication
Aligns with the UN’s Globally Harmonized System
of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
• Labeling
• Safety Data Sheet
• Pictograms
• Effective dates
• http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html
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Hazard Communication Effective Dates
Effective
Completion Date
Requirement(s) Who
June 1, 2015
December 1, 2015
Compliance with all modified
provisions of this final rule,
except: The Distributor shall not
ship containers labeled by the
chemical manufacturer or
importer unless it is a GHS label
Chemical
manufacturers,
importers,
distributors and
employers
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Hazard Communication Effective Dates
Effective
Completion Date
Requirement(s) Who
June 1, 2016
Update alternative workplace
labeling and hazard
communication program as
necessary, and provide
additional employee training for
newly identified physical or
health hazards.
.
Employers
Transition Period to
the effective
completion dates
noted above
May comply with either 29 CFR
1910.1200 (the final standard), or
the current standard, or both
Chemical
manufacturers,
importers,
distributors and
employers
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Hazard Communication HCS Pictograms and Hazards
Health Hazard
• Carcinogen
• Mutagenicity
• Reproductive
Toxicity
• Respiratory
Sensitizer
• Target Organ
Toxicity
• Aspiration Toxicity
Flame
• Flammables
• Pyrophorics
• Self-Heating
• Emits Flammable
Gas
• Self-Reactives
• Organic Peroxides
Exclamation Mark
• Irritant (skin and
eye)
• Skin Sensitizer
• Acute Toxicity
• Narcotic Effects
• Respiratory Tract
Irritant
• Hazardous to
Ozone Layer
(Non-Mandatory)
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Hazard Communication HCS Pictograms and Hazards
Gas Cylinder
• Gases Under
Pressure
Corrosion
• Skin Corrosion /
Burns
• Eye Damage
• Corrosive to Metals
Exploding Bomb
• Explosives
• Self-reactive
• Organic
Peroxides
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Hazard Communication HCS Pictograms and Hazards
Flame Over Circle
• Oxidizers
Environment
(Non-Mandatory)
• Aquatic Toxicity
Skull and
Crossbones
• Acute Toxicity
(Fatal or Toxic)
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Hazard Communication Label Information
Product Identifier
Supplier Identification
Precautionary Statements
Hazard Pictograms
Signal Word
Hazard Statement
Supplemental Information
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OSHA Heat Stress Campaign
Website
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatillness/index.html
Smart Phone App
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OSHA Falls in Construction Campaign
Website
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/stopfalls/index.html
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OSHA Website
• OSHA Website
www.osha.gov
• OSHA’s Ammonia Refrigeration eTool
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ammonia_refrigeration/index.
html
• OSHA’s Ammonia Refrigeration eTool - References
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ammonia_refrigeration/refere
nces/index.html
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Questions and Answers