2014 production concepts centers america: sw...processes in world prehistory biological evolution...
TRANSCRIPT
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ANT 202 Monday November 3, 2014
X. Origins of Food ProductionA. Basic ConceptsB. Primary Centers
XI. The Early Farming Adaptation in North America: The American SW
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Colonization: Oceania,The Final Frontier
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X. Origins of Food ProductionA. Basic ConceptsB. Primary Centers
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Hunter-Gatherer Societies ca. A.D. 1500 (Orange)
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A. Basic Concepts1. Domestication: controlling the distribution, abundance, and biological features of certain plantsand animals
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B. Representation in the Archaeological Record1. Distinguishing Domesticates
a. Plants
Brittle Rachis Tough Rachis
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“Its Bob, all right… but look at those vacuous eyes, that stupidgrin on his face-- he’s been domesticated, I tell you.”
Recognizing Domesticates
b. Animals
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Knowing how it could change the lives of canines everywherethe dog scientists struggled diligently to understand the
Doorknob Principle
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C. Primary Centers of Domestication
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C. Primary Centers of Domestication
SW AsiaWheat, Barley 10,000 BC9,500 BC Goats,Sheep
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C. Primary Centers of Domestication
SE AsiaRice9,000 B.C.
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C. Primary Centers of Domestication
AfricaMillet, Yams2000 B.C.
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C. Primary Centers of Domestication
MesoamericaSquash8000 B.C.Maize4000 B.C.
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C. Primary Centers of Domestication
SQUASH7000 B.C.
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Andean Domesticate: Cuy (Guinea Pig)
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C. Primary Centers of Domestication
SE North AmericaSunflowers, Marsh Elder,Goosefoot2000 B.C.
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C. Theories about the Rise of Agriculture
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2. Population Pressure-Esther Boserupa. Mark Cohen-Population and agriculture as Intensification
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TellAbu Hureyra11,500 B.C.-6000 B.C.
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D. Earliest Neolithic Sitesa. The Fertile Crescent
Jericho 9000 B.C.
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The Tell at Jericho
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JerichoInvestigated byKathleen Kenyon1950s, 60s
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Bottom of Jericho: Mesolithic (Natufians) 10,500-9000 B.C.
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Sickle used for harvesting wild grasses(Determined experimentally)
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Neolithic Structures at Jericho 9000 B.C.
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Mud Brick Wall at Jericho
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JerichoA Walled Community
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The Tower at Jericho:8000 B.C. (?)Just inside the Wall?
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Cache of Modified Human skulls recovered from Jericho
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Catal Hoyuk7000 B.C.Pottery 6800 BC
5000 B.C.4000 B.C.
Jericho9000 B.C.
E. The Spread (Diffusion) of the Neolithic
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Diffusion: The Spread of ideas or Material Culture;
Opposite of Independent Invention
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1. Turkey Catal Hoyuk 7000 B.C.
Jericho 9000 B.C.
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Catal Hoyuk 7000-6000 B.C.
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Plan View of Catal Hoyuk (A Neolithic village), Turkey 7000 B.C.
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Artist’s Reconstruction of Catal Hoyuk
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Artist’sReconstruction“ApartmentAt Catal Hoyuk”
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Catburialon Cyprus7500 B.C.
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Island of Cyprus
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Catburialon Cyprus7500 B.C.
Articulated Skeletons
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Games you can play with your cat
Domesticated Cats (A Mistake)
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Catal Hoyuk7000 B.C.
5000 B.C.4000 B.C.
Jericho9000 B.C.
E. The Spread (Diffusion) of the Neolithic2. Central Europe