1

I I1I

(prcurseurs)

I

TT I

BB

2

I

TBT

T I1

T

TB

3

I2

.

T BCPA TB

TB

I II:

PayerLamina propia Amygdales

4

II 1- II

II

m%.

m2%

m%1

II Mastocytes

IImonocytes(macrophages)

m%lysosomes ( m

5

-mylode lymphode

(mylodes)(lymphodes)T

II

II

6

Scavenger

II Toll Like Receptors: TLRTollTollToll

(infection)TLRTLR

chimiokines CD80B7- 1CD86B7- 2

Toll II

TB IIBT

mmm

II1

T) T prT=prcurseurs deT

7

Bpr BB

II1 (CD, Classe de diffrenciation) TBT TCD4 TCD8

8T4TB

II1Ag, antigneB(B cell receptor

B IgM IgD

B

(B cell receptor BCR T cell receptor TCR

8

TTCR ,T cell receptor NH2%

TTCR/TCR /TCR/%

II13TNKTNKTTCRCD3T NKNKTTCR

1CMHCD1d

2-2-II

% %

% %

% %

% %

3-2-II

(B, T) . 24

. .

9

II 4 m

lymphoblastem

10

I

I :(la peau)

(les muqueuses) :

I

lysosyme

NaCl

pH

I

(la flore)LactobacillespH

II

11

(exsudation plasmatique) oedme

- (diapdse)

III

IL

IL6IL12Tumor

TNFchimiokinesIL8MCP-1

III1CyotkinesIII1 1 III111

TNFslectinesPE

12

-

IL8MCP-1Integrines

-

13

ICAM-1 ICAM-2InterCellular Adhesion Molecule

III112recrutement IL8

MCP-1

IL8TNF

III113Phagocytose

14

NN

chimiokinesC5aC3a

-(particule)

pneumocoqueMstreptocoques

-

- Espces oxygnes ractives

O2ion superoxyde-

15

H2O2 l oxygne singuletO2 OH

PHPH 4

--myloperoxydase-

L- arginineL- citrulline NO synthaseNADPH O2

L- arginine + L- citrulline

NO (prcurseur) NO2NOOONO

-

Phagolysosome

Lysosyme

neutrophilesmacrophages

CRP . MBL

III 2- 1 TNFIL1 IL6pyrognes

-IL1 IL6TNF C (CRP : C- reactive protein)

) (MBP :Mannose binding protein( MBL :Mannan binding lectin AD

NO syntase O2, NADPH

1

16

-

IV

1-IV Le complement:

1-1-IV

monocytes-macrophages

2-1-IV

, C8, C7 , C6, C5, C3 ,C2, C4,C1C9

CRPC C9, C8, C7 , C6, C5, C3 ,C2, C4,C1Mannan

Binding LectinMBL

MBL C4MBLC1q C1

MASP1MASP2Associated Serine ProteasesMBL

C1sC1r C1MBLMASP1MASP2

C4C2

17

MBL

- B D

(C9,C8, C7 , C6, C5, C3

1-2-1-IVVoie classique :

Ag-Ac

C1C1s,C1r,C1qC1Ag-Ac

C1q FcIgG IgMC1q

C1rC1rC1sC1s

C1sC4Mg

C4aC4bPathogneC2

C1s C2bC2aC2aSerine protease

C4bC2a C3 la C3 convertase C4b2a

C3C3a C3bC3bAg-

AcC3 C4b2a C4b2a3b C5)C5 convertase(

AgAg-AcC5C5aC5b

18

(C4b2a) C3C3

MAC

C5bAgAg-Ac C8,C7,C6 C9

C5bC6C7C8C9

-2-1-IV 2Voie alterne :

C3C3H2oBD

C3H2oBBaC3C3H2oBb(C3 convertase initiale)C3

C3bC3a

C3bBD

C3 C3bBbC3 convertase alterne C3

C3b C5 (C5 convertase

C3H2OBb

19

(C3bBb) C3C3H2OBbC3

(C3bBb) C3C3 (C3bBb) C3

C5C3bC5C 3 C3bBb C4b2aC5

20

C5C5aC5b

3 -2-1-IV

3 -1-IV Rgulation:

C1 C1INHC1sC1 C1q

C1qC1qINHC1qC1r C1s

(C4bp) C4 binding protein--C4bC4b2aC3 C2

C4bC4bpC4bIC4bC4d C4c

HC3bI C3bC3bi

21

HBC3bBbC5 convertaseC3bBb3b

C3b complment receptor 1

.(CR1)HC3b

Vitronectine SClustrineC5b67

(CD5) DAF

C3 C5

rotein) Pofactor Cembrane M( MCP (CD46) C4bC3b

I

DAFMCP

BC3aC5a

-1-IV 4

4-1-IV- (Opsonisation) C3bC4b

OpsonisationOpsonomonocytes

macrophagesC3bC3b

phagocytes

C3b

4-1-IVactivit chimiotactique:

C5aBaC5b67Polynuclaires

4-1-IV

C4a C3aC5amastocytesbasophiles

histamine

22

2 -IV (phase aigue)

CRpMBLADserum amyloid proteinSAP

CRPCpneumocoque) C1

CRP (opsonine

MBLCRP

AD (les surfactants pulmonaires)

macrophages

23

3 -IV

4-IV

Magainines,Cecropinesdfensines

24

V

1-V

NKNatural Killer

NK

NK KAR (Killer activatory receptor)

)(Killer inhibitory receptorKIR KIRCMH1NK

KAR KIR.

CMH1

NKKAR

25

NKFc G IgGCD16

IgG NK

NK

NKKAR

CD16perforines

granzymesperforines

(polyperforines)Granzymesprotases

mort progamme ou apoptose

NK/

26

2- Vcytolitique

NK Ligand Fas FasCD95

NK/

VApoptose

ADN

(macrophages)

Apoptose

27

B

TCD4

TCD8

n

-I

1-I

2-I

:

3-I

(pitopes)

ovalbumine44000=PM69000=PM

28

haptnes

4-I

4-I1:

-xnoantigne=htroantigne

Alloantignes

Autoantignes

4-I2 Alloantignes

ABOBA

rhsus D

HLA .(CMH1,CMH2CMH1

CMH2

streptocoqueslancefield

5-I

(rejet de greffe)

Alloantignes

HLA (human leukocyte antigen)

H-2

5-I (CMH)HLA

CMH1CMH2

HLA

29

Gerald Karp 2010 Biologie cellulaire et molculaire

-5-I 1 - 1 HLA I

HLA I HLA-C, HLA-B, HLA-A

2 2 microglobuline

5-I HLA II

HLA IIDDQDPDR

) :- DQ ( DQ)DP-) (DP-DR .(DR

30

II(DQ, DP, DR)IIB

HLA A1 A3 B5 B8 C4 C6

codominance

CMHIII

HLA II

TAPLMP

Transporter Associated with Processing :TAP

: Large Multifunctional Proteases (protosomes): LMP

5-I HLA

5-I 1- I

HLA I(kd45)2 microglobuline . (kd 12)

CD8TCD8T

2 microglobuline

HLA

31

-5-I -2 II

HLA II, ) (non covalente1

12

CD4

5-ICMH

5-I 1T

5-I 1-1-apprtageCMH II

CPA

Cellules Prsentatrices d'Antigne)

protasesD Bcathepsines

CMH II

(htrodimres

II

protases

IIII.CMH

CMH IIT4

32

1-3-5-I 2 apprtage CMH I

(endognes)oncognes

ADN

LMP

TAPCMH

ICMH I-TCD8

TAPTransporter Associated with antigen Processing

6 I mitognes

.

phytohmagglutinine (PHA) T nocordia B

II

(chmokines)Fibroblastespithliales

endothliales(cytokines)IL-1

33

TT(naves)

TNF IL-1

(dendrites)

CCR7

SLC

Secondary lymphode chemokine (CCL21) endothliales

CMHCMH II

(Co-stimulation)TCD80-86

CD404-1BBL

veinules

endothliales hautes (HEV)(paracortex)T

HEV

34

CMH II

TCD4naifs

TCD8T cytotoxiqueTCMH I

TCD4TCR :T cell receptorCMH II

CPACD4CMH II

T8CD8CMH ITCR CMH I

CD4 CD8(corcepteurs)CD3 TCR

TCPALFA1TICAM-1

CPA CD2 T (CD58) LFA3CPA

:Lymphocyte-Function Associated Antigen: LFA1

InterCellular Adhesion Molecule : ICAM -1:

35

II TCD4

(T Cell Receptor)TCRCD4 TCD3

(signal 1) (Th0 =)TCD4B7CPA

CD28TCD4(2em

signal)T

T1TCRT

TCD4(IL2-R)IL2 IL2

(IL2)lymphoblaste

CPACD40 CD 40

ligand (CD 152) TCPA(IL12)12

T4 Th1

Th1

IL2 TNF

36

TCD4

Th1CTL-A CD80

CD86 CPA T

Th1

37

T4

II 2 T4

interfron (INF de type II = )

1 O2

protases,hydrolases

-2 Fc IgGIgGAg

TNF T4

38

II (T8) TCD 8

T8allognique

xnogniqueCD8CMH I

CMH I

II T8

CMH1T8

T8naive (costimulation)B7

T8T8IL2

T8 T8 T8 effectricesTTcytotoxiques T8

T8

3 - II T8T4

T8T4CPA

CD40ligandCPA CD40B7

4-1BBL costimulation)(T8

IL2T8T8 (Tc) Tcytotoxiques

T8

39

T8 T4

- II 3

Tcperforines serines estrases-granzymes

Tc

Ca++

polyperforines

l'apoptoseTc

Tc/

3 - II

T8Tc) (ligandFasFas

4 - II

T2nCMH

n

40

I Antignes thymo-indpendants

I

(BCR) B cell receptor

Ig ,immunoglobulines membranaires

Ig IgkD

(Ag)BCR

BCR Ig ( Ig

IB

B

Tantignes T-dpendants) (

T antignes T-indpendants (BT

T

T

lipopolysacharide 1BCR Ag2 Ag

(mitogne

T

polysaccharide de Pneumococcus flagelline polymrique

.(poliomyliteB

TT

I 3-

41

mm

lymphoblaste Plasmocytes

IIT

II 1 -

T

4T

42

CD4T

CMHCPAB

II 2-

CPACD4T

T helperBCR

B (Ag-BCR B

CMH-2B T4 effecteur T4. Th

T4 T4 effecteur TCRCMH-2

CD40L BCD40)B

INFIL10IL6IL5IL4IL2B

lymphoblaste(22m.

- II 3

Blymphoblaste

43

B

III

1 - III

2- III

III-2 1

IgGGimmunoglobulineG

Light(L PM 25000

Heavy(H)

.Cystine

44

L

N-

terminale

CL

VL

H

CDR,complementary determinating regions

45

2 - 2 - III

Fab (Fragment antigen binding) L

H

fragment cristalisable Fc

III3

- III 4

IgMmu IgGgammaIgAalfaIgDdelta

IgEepsilon

IgGIgG1,2,3,4IgAIgA1, IgA2

- III 5

IgA

IgM

46

IgG 1, 2, 3 4 : IgG

47

48

6- III

dterminant antignique

paratope

Ac Ag

H

O N

WallsVander

WallsVander

7 - III

1-7-III neutralisation:

Streptolysine Streptokinase IgG IgM IgA

2 -7 -III Opsonisation

49

FC

C3b

IgG IgA

3-7-III

C1 C9IgG1,2,3IgM

50

-7-IIIADCC

NKFCIgG

perforines granzymes

(ADCC : Antibody Dependant Cellular Cytotoxicity)

IV

1- IV

IgM

2- IV

TB

.

IgG

51

52

V Immunisation

1 - V

1-1 - V

1-1-1-V

BCG(Bacille de Clamette et Guerin)in vitroMycrobacterium

Tuberculosis

2-1-1-V

o

3-1-1-V inactives

toxineso

anatoxinesanticorps

neutralisants )

4-1-1-V

2-V

53

. Ag Ac

I

-I

Ag

54

Le ring test

-I

Ouchterlony -

Ouchterlony :

Mancini -

55

II- 2

Hmagglutination sur lame

56

GRM

(GRM

III

Ac Ag

Farr 1 -III

125I

57

2 -IIIImmunofluorescence

fluorescine .(290_495nm)

525nm

58

( Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) ELISA 3-III

-

VIH

PNPP : paranitrophenyl phosphate