IEEE Catalog Number: ISBN:

CFP13PSC-POD 978-1-4799-3300-6

2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 2013)

Tampa, Florida, USA 16 – 21 June 2013

Pages 1-862

1/4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

KEYNOTE SESSION Rating Photovoltaics .............................................................................................................................................................. 1

Keith Emery, Allan Anderberg, Mark Campanelli, Paul Ciszek, Charles Mack, Tom Moriarty, Carl Osterwald, Larry Ottoson, Steve Rummel, Rafell Williams

SPECIAL PLENARY Validation of the PVLife Model Using 3 Million Module-Years of Live Site Data........................................................... 7

Ernest Hasselbrink, Mike Anderson, Zoe Defreitas, Mark Mikofski, Yu-Chen Shen, Sander Caldwell, Akira Terao, David Kavulak, Zach Campeau, David Degraaff

PLENARY I Routes to High Efficiency Photovoltaic Power Conversion.............................................................................................. 13

N. J. Ekins-Daukes

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: ADVANCES IN LIGHT TRAPPING Towards High-Efficiency Ultra-Thin Solar Cells with Nanopatterned Metallic Front Contact ................................... 17

Ines Massiot, Clement Colin, Nicolas Vandamme, Nathalie Bardou, Jean-Luc Pelouard, Pere Roca I Cabarrocas, Christophe Sauvan, Philippe Lalanne, Stephane Collin

Al Nanoparticle Arrays for Broadband Absorption Enhancements in GaAs devices ................................................... 22Nicholas P. Hylton, Xiaofeng Li, Vincenzo Giannini, Kan-Hua Lee, Ned J. Ekins-Daukes, Josine Loo, Dries Vercruysse, Pol Van Dorpe, Hassanet Sodabanlu, Masakazu Sugiyama, Stefan A. Maier

Photoluminescence Enhancement Towards High Efficiency Plasmonic Solar Cells...................................................... 25Chog Barugkin, Ngwe-Soe Zin, Kylie R. Catchpole

Towards Lambertian Internal Light Scattering in Solar Cells Using Coupled Plasmonic and Dielectric Nanoparticles as Back Reflector......................................................................................................................................... 29

Rudi Santbergen, Johan Blanker, Aditya Dhathathreyan, Hairen Tan, Arno H. M. Smets, Miro Zeman

PROGRESS IN CZTS TECHNOLOGY High Efficiency Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystal Ink Solar Cells Through Improved Nanoparticle Synthesis and Selenization ................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Caleb K. Miskin, Nathaniel J. Carter, Wei-Chang Yang, Charles J. Hages, Eric Stach, Rakesh Agrawal

Solution-Processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells - Various Impacts on Morphology and Performance ...................... 38Thomas Schnabel, Manuel Low, Erik Ahlswede

Effect of the Selenization Process on Structural and Device Properties of Nanoparticle-Derived CZTSSe Thin Films ............................................................................................................................................................. 43

Kaushik Roy Choudhury, Yanyan Cao, Jonathan V. Caspar, Qijie Guo, Lynda K. Johnson, Irina Malajovich, Daniela Radu, H. David Rosenfeld, Lee Silverman, Wei Wu

SILICON FEEDSTOCK Influence of Carrier Density Spatial Heterogeneities on the Electrical Breakdown of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Experiment and Simulation ............................................................................................................... 47

Jordi Veirman, Pascal Scheiblin, Sebastien Dubois, Nicolas Enjalbert

FILM CRYSTALLINE SILICON Improved 750 Degrees Celsius Epitaxial Crystal Silicon Solar Cells Through Impurity Reduction............................ 51

Sachit Grover, David L. Young, Vincenzo Lasalvia, Jian V. Li, Howard M. Branz, Paul Stradins, Charles W. Teplin

600 mV Epitaxial Crystal Silicon Solar Cells Grown on Seeded Glass ........................................................................... 54David L. Young, Charles W. Teplin, Sachit Grover, Benjamin Lee, Jihun Oh, Vincenzo Lasalvia, Daniel Amkreutz, Stefan Gall, Monica Chahal, Greg J. Couillard Ta-Ko Chuang, Josefine Selj, Michael Deceglie, Harry Atwater, Howard M. Branz, Pauls Stradins

Enhancement of Gettering in Epitaxial Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells by Tuning the Properties of Porous Silicon....................................................................................................................................................................... 58

Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, Chihak Ahn, Nick Cowern, Kris Van Nieuwenhuysen, Ivan Gordon, Robert Mertens, Jef Poortmans

Epitaxial Wafer Equivalent Solar Cells with Overgrown SiO2 Layer and Varying Doping Profile to Reduce the Influence of Defects.......................................................................................................................................... 63

Marion Driesen, Stefan Reber

DEVICE RELATED CHARACTERIZATION Device-Dependent Light-Level Correction Errors in Photovoltaic I-V Performance Measurements .......................... 67

Mark Campanelli, Keith Emery

Fast and Reliable Spectral Response Measurements of PV Cells Using Light Emitting Diodes ................................... 73Behrang H. Hamadani, John Roller, Brian Dougherty, Howard W. Yoon

Series Resistance Mapping of III-V Multijunction Solar Cells Based on Luminescence Imaging................................ 76Helmut Nesswetter, Wilhelm Dyck, Paolo Lugli, Andreas W. Bett, Claus G. Zimmermann

Full-Spectrum Optical-Beam-Induced Current for Solar Cell Microscopy and Multi-Junction Characterization .................................................................................................................................................................. 81

Tasshi Dennis

Improved Grating Monochromator Set-Up for EQE Measurements of Multi-Junction Solar Cells ........................... 86Gerald Siefer, Tobias Gandy, Michael Schachtner, Alexander Wekkeli, Andreas W. Bett

ADVANCED PV MODULE CONCEPTS AND DESIGNS Reducing the Cell to Module Efficiency Gap in Thin Film PV Using In-line Post-Process Scribing Isolation ................................................................................................................................................................................ 90

Sourabh Dongaonkar, Muhammad A. Alam

Electrostatic Cleaning System for Removal of Sand from Solar Panels ......................................................................... 94Hiroyuki Kawamoto, Takuya Shibata

Large-Area Nanostructured Self-Assembled Antireflection Coatings for Photovoltaic Devices ................................. 99Gopal G. Pethuraja, Adam Sood, Roger Welser, Ashok K. Sood, Harry Efstathiadis, Pradeep Haldar, Jennifer L. Harvey

Outdoor Performance of a Thin-Film Gallium-Arsenide Photovoltaic Module........................................................... 103Timothy J. Silverman, Michael G. Deceglie, Bill Marion, Sam Cowley, Brendan Kayes, Sarah Kurtz

Performance Assessment of a Grid-connected mc-Si PV System Made Up of Silicon Material from Different Manufacturing Routes ...................................................................................................................................... 109

Muhammad Tayyib, J. O. Odden, N. Ramchander, M. B. Prakash, T. S. Surendra, R Muneeshwar, A. V. Sarma, M. Ramanjaneyulu, T. O. Saetre

High Efficiency Flexible Solar Panels .............................................................................................................................. 115Kelly Trautz, Phillip Jenkins, Robert Walters, David Scheiman, Raymond Hoheisel, Rao Tatavarti, Ray Chan, Haruki Miyamoto, Jessica Adams, Victor Elarde, Christopher Stender, Alexander Hains, Claiborne McPheeters, Chris Youtsey, Noren Pan, Mark Osowski

CORRELATION OF ACCELERATED TESTING WITH FIELD PERFORMANCE Evaluation of Temperature and Humidity on PV Module Component Degradation .................................................. 120

Michael D. Kempe, John H. Wohlgemuth

Equating Damp Heat Testing with Field Failures of PV Modules................................................................................. 126John H. Wohlgemuth, Michael D. Kempe

A Framework for a Comparative Accelerated Testing Standard for PV Modules ...................................................... 132Sarah Kurtz, John Wohlgemuth, Masaaki Yamamichi, Tony Sample, David Miller, David Meakin, Christos Monokroussos, Mani Tamizhmani, Michael Kempe, Dirk Jordan, Nick Bosco, Peter Hacke, Veronica Bermudez, Michio Kondo

Reliability Model Development for Photovoltaic Connector Lifetime Prediction Capabilities................................... 139Benjamin B. Yang, N. Robert Sorensen, Patrick D. Burton, Jason M. Taylor, Alice C. Kilgo, David G. Robinson, Jennifer E. Granata

ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF MULTIJUNCTION DEVICES Towards High Efficiency Multi-Junction Solar Cells Grown on InP Substrates ......................................................... 145

M. González, M. P. Lumb, M. K. Yakes, C. G. Bailey, J. G. Tischler, R. Hoheisel, J. Abell,I. Vurgaftman, J. Meyer, S. Maximenko, P. P. Jenkins, S. I. Molina, F. J. Delgado-Gonzalez, D. Bahena, A. Ponce, J. G. J. Adams, M. Fuhrer, N. Ekins-Daukes, R. J. Walters

Epitaxially-Grown Metamorphic GaAsP/Si Dual-Junction Solar Cells........................................................................ 149T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, C. Ratcliff, D. J. Chmielewsk, S. A. Ringel

Rigorous Simulation of InAlGaAs-inGaAs Bulk and Quantum Well Interband Tunnel Junctions for Multi-junction Solar Cells................................................................................................................................................. 154

Urs Aeberhard

Performance and Radiation Resistance of Quantum Dot Multi-Junction Solar Cells................................................. 158B. C. Richards, Yong Lin, Pravin Patel, Daniel Chumney, Paul R. Sharps, Chris Kerestes, David Forbes, Kristina Driscoll, Adam Podell, Seth Hubbard

MODELING AND DEFECTS CHARACTERIZATION Modeling of Photoluminescence of Graded Band-Gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2–Based Solar Cells ........................................... 162

Marek Pawlowski, Pawel Zabierowski, Rajmund Bacewicz, Nicolas Barreau, Bart E. Pieters, Michal Pawlowski

Analysis of Thin-film Inhomogeneities Using Electroluminescence and LBIC Measurements .................................. 166Katherine Zaunbrecher, Steve Johnston, James R. Sites

Characterization of Bulk Defect Response in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Using DLTS................................ 170Charles W. Warren, D. Westley Miller, Fehmi Yasin, Jennifer T. Heath

CRYSTALLIZATION AND WAFER Growth of Si Single Bulk Crystals Inside Si Melts By the Noncontact Crucible Method Using Silica Crucibles Without Coating Si3N4 Particles .................................................................................................................... 174

Kazuo Nakajima, Ryota Murai, Kohei Morishita, Kentaro Kutsukake

Comparative Study of Stress Inducing Layers to Produce Kerfless Thin Wafers by the Slim-cut Technique ........................................................................................................................................................................... 177

J. M. Serra, P. Bellanger, K. Lobato, R. Martini, M. Debucquoy, J. Poortmans

19.4% Quasi-mono Cells By Conventional Screen Printing Technology ...................................................................... 181Chen-Hao Yang, Jui-Chen Pu, Ya-Wen Chang, Lung-Sheng Liao, Shi-Kai Tzeng, Wen-Pin Chen, Yu-Chung Chen

THIN FILM SILICON BASED SOLAR CELL DEVICES AND PANELS Current Matching Optimization in High-Efficiency Thin-Film Silicon Tandem Solar Cells...................................... 184

M. Bonnet-Eymard, M. Boccard, G. Bugnon, F. Meillaud, M. Despeisse, F.-J. Haug, C. Ballif

Hydrogenated Amorphous Si Deposition for High Efficiency a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells .......................... 188Qi Wang, Matthew Page, Yuming Ai, William Nemeth, Lorenzo Roybal, Hao-Chih Yuan

Development of Amorphous Silicon-Germanium and Nanocrystalline Silicon Based Multi-junction Solar Cell Technology for GW-Scale Manufacturing..................................................................................................... 191

Xixiang Xu, Jinyan Zhang, Chongyan Lian, Anhong Hu, Xiaoning Ru, Cao Yu, Changtao Peng, Minghao Qu, Xinghong Zhou, Jianqiang Wang, Xiaohua Xu, Furong Lin, Xiaodan Zhang, Ying Zhao, Yinchun Zhang, Hongqing Shan, Yuanmin Li

CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICON CELLS AND MATERIAL A Contactless Photoconductance Technique for the Identification of Impact Ionization............................................ 195

D. Westley Miller, Peter Hugger, Jet Meitzner, Charles W. Warren, Angus Rockett, Steve Kevan, J. David Cohen

Emitter Sheet Resistance from Photoluminescence Images ........................................................................................... 198Mattias Juhl, Thorsten Trupke, Yael Augarten

Analyzing the Spectral Luminescence Emission of Silicon Solar Cells and Wafers..................................................... 203Carsten Schinke, David Hinken, Karsten Bothe, Jan Schmidt, Rolf Brendel

Novel Recombination Lifetime Mapping Technique Through Kelvin Probe Studies.................................................. 209Nicholas Alderman, Lefteris Danos, Martin Grossel, Tom Markvart

Defect Mapping and Stress Mapping of Crystalline Silicon Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ................................. 212Sayan Seal, Vinay Budhraja, Bhushan Sopori, Srinivas Devayajanam, Prakash Basnyat, Vasundara V. Varadan

Importance of Defect Photoionization in Silicon-Rich SiNx Dielectrics for High PID Resistance .............................. 218Marshall Wilson, Alexandre Savthouck, John D’Amico, Jacek Lagowski, Stefan Schmitt, Andreas Schneider, Sara Olibet

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE MODELING Estimation of Parameters for Single Diode Models Using Measured IV Curves ......................................................... 223

Clifford W. Hansen

Photovoltaic System Performance Enhancement With Non-Tracking Planar Concentrators: Experimental Results and BDRF Based Modelling ........................................................................................................ 229

Rob W. Andrews, Andrew Pollard, Joshua M. Pearce

Simulations of Energy Yield Improvement in Utility-Scale PV Plants Using Distributed Maximum Power Point Trackers........................................................................................................................................................ 235

Adrian Pope, Joseph E. Schaar, Michael Schenck

Estimating the Sensitivity of Energy Performance from Optimising Different PV Technologies World Wide .................................................................................................................................................................................... 238

Steve Ransome, Juergen Sutterlueti

Financial Optimization of Photovoltaic ArraysUsing the Differential Evolution Algorithm in Large Dimensional Spaces ........................................................................................................................................................... 244

Joseph E. Schaar, Adrian Pope, Michael Schenck

PLENARY II Photovoltaics in Power Systems: Legends, Challenges and Solutions ........................................................................... 247

Achim Woyte, Carlos Dierckxsens, Karel De Brabandere

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: QUANTUM WELLS, WIRES AND DOTS GaAsP Single Nanowire Solar Cells Grown on Silicon Exhibiting Large Voc Increase at Multiple Suns ................. 254

Martin Aagesen, Jeppe V. Holm, Henrik I. Jørgensen, Huiyun Liu

Bandgap, Window Layer Thickness, and Light Soaking Effects on PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells .......................... 258Khagendra P. Bhandari, Paul J. Roland, Jianbo Gao, Randy J. Ellingson

Determination of Carrier Recombination Lifetime in InGaAs Quantum Wells from External Quantum Efficiency Measurements ................................................................................................................................. 264

Geoffrey K. Bradshaw, C. Zachary Carlin, Joshua P. Samberg, Peter C. Colter, Salah M. Bedair

CdSe Nanowire Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................... 268Derek Caselli, Cun-Zheng Ning

Optical Study of Carrier Transport in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots Solar Cell ............................................................. 271Yushuai Dai, Staffan Hellstroem, Stephen Polly, John Hatakeyama, David Forbes, Seth Hubbard

Comprehensive Validation of Carrier Collection Efficiency in Multiple Quantum Well Solar Cells: For More Effective and Direct Evaluation of Carrier Transport Dynamics ................................................................ 277

Hiromasa Fujii, Kasidit Toprasertpong, Kentaroh Watanabe, Masakazu Sugiyama, Yoshiaki Nakano

Island-Cap Interface Misfit Modulated Carrier Mechanisms in p-i-n Epitaxial Quantum Dot Photovoltaic Devices .......................................................................................................................................................... 281

Jateen S. Gandhi, Choong-Un Kim, Wiley P. Kirk

Exploration of Epitaxial Quantum Dots Within Wide Band Gap Metamorphic Host Materials for Intermediate Band Solar Cells.......................................................................................................................................... 284

T. J. Grassman, D. B. Shah, J. A. Carlin, S. A. Ringel

Electron Spectroscopy of Conduction Electrons Excited by Visible Light Utilizing NEA Surface............................ 288Fumiaki Ichihashi, Daiki Shimura, Kenji Nishitani, Makoto Kuwahara, Takahiro Ito, Shunta Harada, Miho Tagawa, Toru Ujihara

GaSb/InGaAs Quantum Dot-Well Solar Cells ................................................................................................................ 292Ramesh B. Laghumavarapu, Baolai L. Liang, Zachery Bittner, Tugba S. Navruz, Seth M. Hubbard, Andrew Norman, Diana L. Huffaker

Optoelectronic Characterization of SiC with Embedded Si Nanocrystals as Solar Cell Absorber Material .............................................................................................................................................................................. 296

Philipp Loper, Jan Valenta, Mariaconcetta Canino, Stefan Glunz, Stefan Janz, Margit Zacharias

AMPS-1D Simulation Examination of the Measured Performance of a PbSe QD Tandem Solar Cell Structure............................................................................................................................................................................. 300

N. Nguyen, Z. Jiang, K. Forgie, W. J. Nam, J. Xu, S. J. Fonash

GaAsBi MQWs for Multi-Junction Photovoltaics .......................................................................................................... 303Robert Richards, Faebian Bastiman, Christopher J. Hunter, Abdul R. Mohmad, John P. R. David, Nicolas Ekins-Daukes

Ultrahigh-Resolution Direct Observation of Mini-Bands Formed in InGaAs/AlGaAs Superlattice .......................... 306Daiki Shimura, Fumiaki Ichihashi, Kenji Nishitani, Shunta Harada, Makoto Kuwahara, Takahiro Ito, Masaharu Matsunami, Shin-Ichi Kimura, Takenobu Sakai, Miho Tagawa, Toru Ujihara

Long Carrier Lifetime in Ultrahigh-Density InAs Quantum-Dot Sheet of Intermediate Band Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................... 311

Miyuki Shiokawa, Edes Saputra, Katsuyoshi Sakamoto, Koichi Yamaguchi

Ingaas Quantum Dot Solar Cells With High Energygap Matrix Layers ...................................................................... 314Yasushi Shoji, Yoshitaka Okada

Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Growth of Dual Junction Solar Cell with InGaAs/GaAsP Superlattice on Ge ............................................................................................................................................................. 318

Hassanet Sodabanlu, Yunpeng Wang, Shaojun Ma, Kentaroh Watanabe, Masakazu Sugiyama, Yoshiaki Nakano

Positional Disorder in Nanowire Array Photovoltaics.................................................................................................... 322Bjorn C. P. Sturmberg, Kokou B. Dossou, Lindsay C. Botten, Ara A. Asatryan, Christopher G. Poulton, Ross C. McPhedran, C. Martijn De Sterke

Miniband Formation in InGaAs Quantum Dot Superlattice with InGaP Matrix for Application to Intermediate-Band Solar Cells ......................................................................................................................................... 326

Takeyoshi Sugaya, Akihiro Takeda, Ryuji Oshima, Koji Matsubara, Yoshinobu Okano, Shigeru Niki

Effect of Ge/Si Heterostructures on Carrier Extraction in Si Solar Cells with Ge Quantum Dots............................. 330Takeshi Tayagaki, Yusuke Hoshi, Kazufumi Ooi, Takanori Kiguchi, Noritaka Usami

In-Plane Coupling Effect in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots Arrays for Intermediate Band Solar Cell ........................... 333Stanko Tomic, Tomah Sogabe, Yoshitaka Okada

CdO/ZnO Multiple Quantum Wells as Components for Next Generation Solar Cells................................................ 337Vishnukanthan Venkatachalapathy, Augustinas Galeckas, Andrej Yu. Kuznetsov

A Superlattice Solar Cell for Enhanced Current Output and Minimized Drop in Open-Circuit Voltage Under Sunlight Concentration............................................................................................................................ 343

Yunpeng Wang, Kentaroh Watanabe, Hassanet Sodabanlu, Shaojun Mao, Hiromasa Fujii, Kasidit Toprasertpong, Masakazu Sugiyama, Yoshiaki Nakano

Fabrication of Si Nanoroot/a-Si Composite Films Using Physical Vapor Deposited Al Nanodots.............................. 347Matthew G. Young, Benjamin Newton, Mourad Benamara, Husam Abu-Safe, Shui-Qing Yu, Hameed Naseem

ABSORBER FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION Influence of Annealing Condition on the Photovoltaic Performance of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Film Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................... 353

Shou-Yi Kuo, Jui-Fu Yang, Fang-I Lai, Chun-Jung Lin

Cadmium Chloride Assisted Re-Crystallization of CdTe: The Effect of the Annealing Temperature ...................... 356A. Abbas, G. D. West, J. W. Bowers, P. M. Kaminski, B. Maniscalco, J. M. Walls, W. S. Sampath, K. L. Barth

Selenium Treatment on the Polycrystalline CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Films Sputtered from a Quaternary Target ................................................................................................................................................................................. 362

Chuan Chang, Chia-Hao Hsu, Wei-Hao Ho, Shih-Yuan Wei, Yue-Shun Su, Chih-Huang Lai

The Effect of Pulsewidth on Preparing CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Film Via Pulse Laser Deposition................................ 365Shih-Chen Chen, Kaung-Hsiung Wu, Fang-I Lai, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Hao-Chung Kuo

Mapping the Composition Dependence of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Absorber Quality Using Composition-Spread Libraries, Photoluminescence, and Raman ........................................................................................................ 368

Andrew D. Collord, Hugh W. Hillhouse

Understanding the Effect of Na in Improving the Performance of Cu(InGa)Se2-Based Photovoltaics ..................... 371Robert V. Forest, Kunhee Han, Erten Eser, Jingguang G. Chen, Robert W. Birkmire

The Effects of In2Se3 Wetting Layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films and Devices ....................................................... 376Jesse A. Frantz, Jason D. Myers, Robel Y. Bekele, Vinh Q. Nguyen, Jas S. Sanghera

Effect of Injection Rate on the Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hot Injection Method................................................................................................................................................................................ 380

Mao-Cheng Huang, Shih-Yuan Wei, Chia-Hao Hsu, Wei-Hao Ho, Yue-Shun Su, Chih-Huang Lai

Effect of Selenization on Local Current and Surface Potential of Sputtered Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin-Films with 8% Conversion Efficiency .............................................................................................................................. 383

Gee Yeong Kim, Ah Reum Jeong, Ju Ri Kim, William Jo, D. H. Kim, D. K. Hwang, S. J. Sung, J. K. Kang

Progress Towards a CdS/CdTe Solar Cell Implementing an Electron Reflector ......................................................... 386Pavel S. Kobyakov, Drew E. Swanson, Jennifer Drayton, John M. Raguse, Kurt L. Barth, W. S. Sampath

Effect of Na-doped Mo on Selenization Pathways for CuGa/In Metallic Precursors .................................................. 392R. Krishnan, H. Tong, Z. Li, C. Muzzillo, W. K. Kim, E. A. Payzant, C. Adelham, J. Winkler, T. J. Anderson

In-Situ Resistance Measurement During the Growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2films by Multi-Source Evaporation........................................................................................................................................................................ 398

Jinwoo Lee, Lei Chen, Uwa Obahiagbon, Chris Thompson, William N. Shafarman, Robert W. Birkmire

Nucleation, Growth, and Orientation Analysis of Quaternary-Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se2............................................ 402Jason D. Myers, Jesse A. Frantz, Robel Y. Bekele, Syed B. Qadri, Jas S. Sanghera

Semitransparent PV Windows with Sputtered CdS/CdTe Thin Films ......................................................................... 405V. V. Plotnikov, C. W. Carter, J. M. Stayancho, N. R. Paudel, H. Mahabaduge, D. Kwon, C. R. Grice, A. D. Compaan

Synthesis of Single-Phase Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis ...................................................... 409Tejas Prabhakar, Zhaoning Song, Michael J. Heben, Yanfa Yan

Real Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of First Stage CuIn1-xGaxSe2: Indium-Gallium Selenide co-Evaporation........................................................................................................................................................................ 414

Puja Pradhan, Dinesh Attygalle, Puruswottam Aryal, N. J. Podraza, A. S. Ferlauto, S. Marsillac, R. W. Collins

Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films Grown on GaAs(001) ............................................................... 420Alex Redinger, Rabie Djemour, Thomas Paul Weiss, Jan Sendler, Susanne Siebentritt

Facile Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Multiphase CuInSe2 Nanoparticles and the Role of Secondary CuSe Phase on Photovoltaic Device Performance........................................................................................................... 426

Yeong-Hui Seo, Byung-Seok Lee, Yejin Jo, Youngmin Choi, Sejin Ahn, Kyunghoon Yoon, Kyoohee Woo, Jooho Moon, Beyong-Hwan Ryu, Sunho Jeong

The Fabrication and Characterization of CdTe/PbTe Superlattice on ITO/Glass Substrates for the Absorber Layer of a Solar Cell......................................................................................................................................... 430

Fei Qin, Amal Kabalan, Pritpal Singh

Development of Plasma Enhanced Closed Space Sublimation for the Deposition of CdS:O in CdTe Solar Cells........................................................................................................................................................................... 434

D. E. Swanson, S. R. Hafner, W. S. Sampath, J. D. Williams

Fabrication of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin-Films by a Two-Stage (2SSS) Process ..................................................................... 438Y. Wang, S. Sun, Xiao Li, C. S. Ferekides, D. L. Morel

8.3% Efficient Copper Zinc Tin Sulfoselenide Solar Cells Processed from Environmentally Benign Solvent ................................................................................................................................................................................ 441

Hao Xin, Hugh W. Hillhouse

CPV MODULES, RECEIVERS, AND SYSTEMS Performance Improvements in Microsystems Enabled Photovoltaics with Wider Acceptance Angles ..................... 444

Gautam Agrawal, Anthony L. Lentine, Tian Gu, Gregory N. Nielson, Michael W. Haney

Performance Analysis of a Low Concentrating PV-CPC System .................................................................................. 450Haitham Bahaidarah, Bilal Tanweer, P. Gandhidasan

Optimizing Performance of Dense-Array Concentrator Photovoltaic System ............................................................. 456Kok-Keong Chong, Fei-Lu Siaw, Chee-Woon Wong, Tiong-Keat Yew

Low-X BIPV Window Enabled by Infrared Mirror Film .............................................................................................. 459Brett Newill, Matthew Wagner, Travis Pendell, Blaine Roushia, Ben Holbrook, Paul J. Weber, Joseph P. Moening, Tim Hebrink, Roger J. Strharsky

216 Cell Microconcentrator Module with Moderate Concentration, ±4 Acceptance Angle, and 13.3 mm Focal Length ............................................................................................................................................................... 465

Gregory N. Nielson, Murat Okandan, Jose L. Cruz-Campa, Anthony L. Lentine, William C. Sweatt, Bradley H. Jared, Paul J. Resnick, Bongsang Kim, Benjamin J. Anderson, Vipin P. Gupta, Anna Tauke-Pedretti, Jeffrey G. Cederberg, Tian Gu, Michael W. Haney, Scott M. Paap, Carlos A. Sanchez, Christopher Nordquist, Michael P. Saavedra, Mark Ballance, Janet Nguyen, Charles Alford, Jeffrey S. Nelson

Thermal Transfer Simulating for Concentrator Photovoltaic Module Under Concentration Condition .................. 470Yasuyuki Ota, Hirokazu Nagai, Kenji Araki, Kensuke Nishioka

Conceptual Product Development with Integrated Concentrating PV Systems – CPV in the Built Environment from a Designer’s Perspective ................................................................................................................... 474

Angele Reinders, Maike Wiesenfarth, Richard R. King

Mitigation of Soiling Losses in Concentrating Solar Collectors..................................................................................... 480Arash Sayyah, Mark N. Horenstein, Malay K. Mazumder

An Interconnection Reconfiguration Method for Concentrator Photovoltaic Array .................................................. 486Fei Lu Siaw, Kok Keong Chong

Fabrication of Broadband Antireflection Structures on Glass Substrates by Reactive Ion Etching for Application on Homogenizers in CPV Systems............................................................................................................... 489

Efrain E. R. Tamayo, Kentaroh Watanabe, Masakazu Sugiyama, Takuya Hoshii, Yasushi Shoji, Yoshitaka Okada, Kenjiro Miyano

Development of Silicone-Encapsulated CPV Module Based on LED Package Technology ........................................ 493Noboru Yamada, Toshikazu Ijiro, Wataru Goto, Kazuya Okamoto, Kazuo Dobashi, Toshio Shiobara

FEEDSTOCK, SRYSTALLIZATION AND WAFERING Economic Viability of a Solar-Grade Silicon Manufacturing Process Based Upon Plasma-Arc Refining .............................................................................................................................................................................. 497

William R. Imler, Robert E. Haun, Robin A. Lampson, Matthew Charles, Paul Meese, Samo Semenic

Studies of Diamond Wire Sawn Wafers among Different Diamond Size...................................................................... 502Yen-Chun Chou, Pin-Hsueh Tsai, Yu-Chung Chen, Chih-Hsyong Wu

Low-Cost Ultrapure (>99.9999%) Solar-Grade Si by Electrorefining.......................................................................... 506Xiaofei Han, Bin Zhou, Meng Tao

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: A Bulk Analysis and Process Monitoring Technique for Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication .................................................................................................................. 511

Amruta P. Joshi, Mehul C. Raval, Anil Kottantharayil, Chetan S. Solanki

Analysis of the Meniscus in the Horizontal Ribbon Growth Process ............................................................................ 516German A. Oliveros, James Church, Seetharaman Sridhar, B. Erik Ydstie

Silicon Grain Crystallographic Orientation Measurement from NIR Transmission and Reflection ......................... 519Kevin Skenes, Guru Prasath, Steven Danyluk

A Comparison of Wafers Sawn by Resin Bonded and Electroplated Diamond Wire – From Wafer to Cell ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 523

Pin-Hsueh Tsai, Yen-Chun Chou, Shang-Wei Yang, Yu-Chung Chen, Chih-Hsyong Wu

FUNDAMENTALS, PROCESSING AND LIGHT MANAGEMENT Influence of Light-Soaking Treatment on the Optoelectronic Properties of Polymorphous Silicon Thin Films to Be Used in Solar Cells. ........................................................................................................................................ 526

C. Álvarez-Macías, B. M. Monroy, L. Huerta, M. A. Canseco-Martínez, M. Picquart, M. F. García Sánchez, G. Santana

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled, High Aspect Ratio nm-Scale Columnar Silicon Structures ........................................................................................................................................................................... 530

A. W. Azhari, B. T. Goh, Suhaila Sepeai, M. Khairunaz, K. Sopian, Saleem H. Zaidi

Characterization of Grain Boundary Properties in BaSi2 Epitaxial Films on Si(111) and Si(001) by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ....................................................................................................................................... 535

Masakazu Baba, Sadahiro Tsurekawa, Kotaro Nakamura, Du Weijie, Shintaro Koike, Kaoru Toko, Kosuke O. Hara, Noritaka Usami, Takashi Suemasu

Novel Method for Fabricating High Efficiency 10 µm Thick c-Si Solar Cells .............................................................. 539Kevin Boyd, Kitty Kumar, Erik Janssen, Zahidur R. Chowdhury, Nazir P. Kherani, Rafael Kleiman

Modeling of Charge Transport in Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells Using Light Generation Distribution from Full Wave EM Simulations...................................................................................................................................... 543

Vinay Budhraja, Vasundara V. Varadan

Influence of Chemical Annealing on Electronic Properties of a-(Si,Ge) ....................................................................... 546Zhao Li, Vikram L. Dalal

Improvement of Excess-Carrier Lifetime in BaSi2 Epitaxial Films by Post-Growth Annealing ................................ 550Kosuke O. Hara, Noritaka Usami, Kotaro Nakamura, Ryouta Takabe, Masakazu Baba, Kaoru Toko, Takashi Suemasu

Broadband Absorption Enhancement in Ultra-Thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Incorporating Low Cost Aluminum Nanoparticles ................................................................................................................................. 555

Samarth Jain, Valerie Depauw, Christos Trompoukis, Vladimir Miljkovic, Pol Van Dorpe, Alexandre Dmitriev, Ivan Gordon, Ounsi El Daif

New Approaches for High Doping and High Crystal Fraction in the Mixed Phase Nano-Crystal Silicon Thin Film with Low Angle Laterally Grown Grain by Near Room Temperature Deposition Process with Neutral Beam Assisted CVD....................................................................................................................... 560

Jin Nyoung Jang, Dong Hyeok Lee, Chang-Sun Park, Hyung-Ho Park, Munpyo Hong

Structural, Optical and Photoelectric Properties of Hydrogenated Polymorphous Silicon ........................................ 563M. Khenkin, A. Kazanskii, A. Emelyanov, P. Forsh, K. H. Kim, R. Cariou, P. Roca I Cabarrocas

High Performance Plasma Hydrogenation For Large-Grained Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................... 568

Kyung Kim, Sergey Varlamov, Rhett Evans, Renate Egan

Application of SnO2 Substrate to Top Cell for Spectrum Splitting Type Solar Cell ................................................... 572Sinae Kim, Shunsuke Kasashima, Porponth Sichanugrist, Makoto Konagai

Development of Flexible Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Nanotextured Ag/Al:Si Bilayers ...................................... 575Sol-Ji Kim, Jinsu Yoo, Joo Hyung Park, Seungkyu Ahn, Keeshik Shin, Kyung Hoon Yoon, Jun-Sik Cho

Low Temperature Manufacturing of Si Nanocrystallites in the SiOx Matrix Applicable in Solar Cells ................... 580Andrzej Kolodziej, Tomasz Kolodziej, Michal Kolodziej

Study of Large-Grained n-Type Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films made by the Solid Phase Crystallization Method...................................................................................................................................................... 586

A. Kumar, P. I. Widenborg, F. Law, H. Hidayat, G. K. Dalapati, A. G. Aberle

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Low-Cost Hydrothermally Grown Nanowire Silicon Solar Cell ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 589

Hung-Hsien Li, Albert S Lin, Yan-Kai Zhong, Sze-Ming Fu, Shih-Yun Lai, Chi-Wei Tseng, Shang-Ru Lin, Wei-Ming Lai, Yu-Chiun Lin, Yu-Ren Li, Huang-Chung Cheng

Selective Charge Injection Induced Microstructural Modifications in Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Silicon: A Current-Sensing Atomic Force Microscopy Study........................................................................................ 594

Sandeep Mahat, Rubana Priti, Venkat Bommisetty

Cu2O/SWNTs/n-Si Heterojunctions for Enhanced Light Harvesting........................................................................... 599Muatez Z. Mohammed, Alaa. A. Al-Hilo, Zhongrui Li, S. Abdulalmohsin, Johnathan Armstrong, Tar-Pin Chen, Jingbiao Cui

Growth Evolution of Si:H Prepared with SiH4 + Si2H6 as Studied by Real Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ....................................................................................................................................................................... 605

Laxmi Karki Gautam, Nikolas J. Podraza

Lifetime Measurements of Crystalline Silicon Thin Films by Microwave Photo Conductance Decay....................... 610Thomas Rachow, Lucas Flatten, Kai Schillinger, Stefan Janz, Stefan Reber

Comprehensive Optimization of Spacer Layer and Dielectric Coating for Plasmonic Solar Cell .............................. 614Jing Rao, Sergey Varlamov, Chaowei Xue

Design and Fabrication of a Plasmonic Fishnet Structure for the Enhancement of Light Trapping in Thin Film Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................... 618

Sayan Seal, Liming Ji, Vinay Budhraja, Vasundara V. Varadan

Learning to Appreciate the Maxim “Less is More” ........................................................................................................ 621Charles Smith, Nghia Nguyen, Liming Ji, Wook Jun Nam, Stephen Fonash

Textured Substrate for High-Efficiency n-i-p µc-Si:H Solar Cells ................................................................................ 624Guangtao Yang, Rene A. C. M. M. Van Swaaij, Sergiy Dobrovolskiy, Miro Zeman

Material Characteristics of Crystalline Si Thin-film Solar Cells on Glass Fabricated by Diode Laser Crystallization .................................................................................................................................................................... 628

Jae Sung Yun, Jialiang Huang, Kyung Hun Kim, Sergey Varlamov, Rhett Evans, Martin Green

CHARACTERIZATION – DEVICE RELATED Modulated Electroluminescence Technique for Determination of the Minority Carrier Lifetime of Solar Cells........................................................................................................................................................................... 631

Sanchit Khatavkar, M. Kulasekaran, C. V. Kannan, Vijay Kumar, Pradeep Nair, B. M. Arora

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance as a Probe of Technologically Relevant Processing Effects on CdTe Solar Cell Materials ........................................................................................................................................................... 635

Michael Pigott, Liam Young, Patrick M. Lenahan

The Components of Variance for Calibration Methods of Thin Film CdTe Photovoltaic Modules ........................... 639Larry Pratt, Nicholas Riedel, Michael Yamasaki, Martin Plass

A Novel Adaptive Focusing Principle for Scanning Light Stimulation Systems Down to 2 um Resolution ........................................................................................................................................................................... 642

Lucas A. Bitzer, Niels Benson, Roland Schmechel

Thermal Design for High-Temperature High-Irradiance Testing of Space Solar Panel Components....................... 647Philip Blumenfeld, Andreea Boca, Paul Sharps, Dennis Russell, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Hiroyuki Toyota

A Diagnostic Tool for Analyzing the Current-Voltage Characteristics in a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells........................................................................................................................................................................... 652

Raghu V. K. Chavali, John R. Wilcox, Biswajit Ray, Jeffery L. Gray, Muhammad A. Alam

PV Module Soiling Measurement Uncertainty Analysis ................................................................................................ 658Lawrence Dunn, Bodo Littmann, J. Riley Caron, Michael Gostein

Spatially Resolved Emitter Saturation Current by Photoluminescence Imaging......................................................... 664Ziv Hameiri, Pooja Chaturvedi, Mattias Klaus Juhl, Thorsten Trupke

Characterization of Cell Level Degradation Using a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Active Shading Screen................................................................................................................................................................... 669

Abraham K. Ishihara, Dan Liddell, Tyler Chase, Glenn Alers, Seichi Arai, Bill Dokos, Kobashi Tsukasa

Validation of IEC 61853-2 Standard (Draft): Angle of Incidence Effect on Photovoltaic Modules........................... 675Brett Knisely, Suryanarayana Vasantha Janakeeraman, Joseph Kuitche, Govindasamy Tamizhmani

Investigation of Charge Transfer in Nanostructured HybridSolar Cell Using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ......................................................................................................................................................................... 681

Fei Lan, Fanan Wei, Minlin Jiang, Guangyong Li

An Improved Diode Modeling Approach for Solar Cells ............................................................................................... 685Bao Lei, Hsin-Sheng Duan, Brion Bob, Wan-Ching Hsu, Yang Yang

Intercomparison Measurement of Crystalline Silicon PV Modules in Test Laboratories of China ........................... 691Haitao Liu, Dean Wen, Wen Zhao, Xun Wang, Wenjuan Jiang

Estimationof Subcell Photocurrent in IMM3J Using LED Bias Light .......................................................................... 696Tetsuya Nakamura, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Shin-Ichiro Sato, Takeshi Ohshima

Potential for LED Solar Simulators ................................................................................................................................. 701Foteini Plyta, Thomas R. Betts, Ralph Gottschalg

Spectral Mismatch Effect to the Open-circuit Voltage in the Indoor Characterization of Multi-junction Thin-film Photovoltaic Modules ........................................................................................................................ 706

Mauro Pravettoni, Alessandro Virtuani, Kerstin Keller, Marco Apolloni, Harald Müllejans

Implementation of a Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm to Perform Regression to I-V Curves.................................. 712Andrew Russ Risinger

A Study on the Artifact External Quantum Efficiency of Ge Bottom Subcells in Triple-Junction Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................... 715

Mitsunobu Sugai, Jiro Harada, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Shin-Ichiro Sato, Takeshi Ohshima

An Alternative Corrosion Resistance Test Method for Solar Cells and Interconnection Materials Limiting the Number of Long-lasting and Expensive Damp-Heat Climate Chamber Tests ....................................... 721

Bas B. Van Aken, Robert J. Gouwen, Dirk Veldman, Evert Bende, Wilma Eerenstein

Power Rating of Photovoltaic Modules Per IEC 61853-1 Standard Using a New Outdoor Test Method .................. 724Meena Gupta Vemula, Jim Joseph John, Joseph Kuitche, Govindasamy Tamizhmani

Ideality Factor Behavior Between the Maximum Power Point and Open Circuit ....................................................... 729Georgi Hristov Yordanov, Ole-Morten Midtgård, Tor Oskar Saetre

PERFORMANCE MODELING Cell Parameter Variability Analysis and MPPT Control of Photovoltaic Modules ..................................................... 734

Seiichi Arai, Kevin Davis, Chaitanya Poolla, Abraham K. Ishihara

Performance Impact of Solar Gain on Photovoltaic Inverters and Utility-Scale Energy Generation Systems ............................................................................................................................................................................... 740

Kenneth M. Armijo

Evaluation of the Energy Yield Prediction Error Depending on the Methodology to Estimate Global Tilted Irradiance from Measured Global Horizontal Irradiance .................................................................................. 746

Eva Bernal Serra, Maria Gabriela Gómez, Marianne Hartung

Using Broad-Band Irradiance Data to Model the Short Circuit Response of aSi Modules......................................... 751Hans Georg Beyer, Tor Oskar Saetre, Georgi Hristov Yordanov

The Consequence of Soiling on PV System Performance in Arizona; Comparing Three Study Methods .............................................................................................................................................................................. 754

Adria E. Brooks, Daniella N. Dellagiustina, Scott M. Patterson, Alexander D. Cronin

Photovoltaic Performance Characterization: Optimization by Regression Basis with Application to Health Management .......................................................................................................................................................... 759

Christopher A. Clarke, Anastasios Golnas

Comparing Standard Translation Methods for Predicting Photovoltaic Energy Production..................................... 763Benjamin C. Duck, Christopher J. Fell, Bill Marion, Keith Emery

Scenario-Based Simulation of PV Boats in an Early Design Stage ................................................................................ 769Tim Gorter, Peter Joore, Angele Reinders, Fred Van Houten

Improving Hourly PV Power Plant Performance Analysis: Irradiance Correction Methodology. ............................ 775William Hayes, Lauren Ngan, Matthew Francis

Numerical Analysis of the Temperature Effects on Single Junction Solar Cells Efficiencies...................................... 779Mohammad I. Hossain, Abdelkader Bousselham, Fahhad H. Alharbi

Advancing Solar Cells to the Limit with Energy Cascading .......................................................................................... 782Alexander P. Kirk

Enhanced Efficiency for Voltage Matched Stacked Multi-Junction Cells: Optimization with Yearly Temperature and Spectra Variations .............................................................................................................................. 788

Anthony L. Lentine, Gregory N. Nielson, Murat Okandan, Jose-Luis Cruz-Campa, Anna Tauke-Pedretti

Increased Energy Production of First Solar Horizontal Single-Axis Tracking PV Systems without Backtracking ...................................................................................................................................................................... 792

Lauren Ngan, Calvin Jepson, Anthony Blekicki, Alex Panchula

ARIMA Modeling of the Performance of Different Photovoltaic Technologies ........................................................... 797Alexander Phinikarides, George Makrides, Nitsa Kindyni, Andreas Kyprianou, George E. Georghiou

Combining Solmetric SunEye Data with Simple 3D Modeling to Improve Residential Photovoltaic Shade Impact Predictions. ................................................................................................................................................ 802

Stephen Pisklak, John McKeen, Paul Del Mar

Testing and Characterization of PV Modules with Integrated Microinverters............................................................ 809Daniel Riley, Joshua Stein, Jay Kratochvil

Photovoltaic Array Condition Monitoring Based on Online Regression of Performance Model ............................... 815Sergiu Spataru, Dezso Sera, Tamas Kerekes, Remus Teodorescu

Design and Performance Evaluation of Building Integrated PVT and Heat Pump Water Heating (BIPVT/HPWH) System.................................................................................................................................................... 821

Huan-Liang Tsai, Chieh-Yen Hsu, Chao-Yia Yang

The Influence of Wind on the Temperature of PV Modules in Tropical Environments, Evaluated on an Hourly Basis .................................................................................................................................................................. 824

A. J. Veldhuis, A. Nobre, T. Reindl, R. Rüther, A. H. M. E. Reinders

Energy Model Validation for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Systems .................................................................................. 830Owen W. Westbrook, Forrest D. Collins

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: AVANT-GARDE CONCEPTS AND ENABLING MATERIALS High Brightness InP Micropillars Grown on Silicon with Fermi-Level Splits Larger Than 1 eV .............................. 836

Thai Tran, Hao Sun, Fan Ren, Kar Wei Ng, Kun Li, Fanglu Lu, Eli Yablonovitch, Constance J. Chang-Hasnain

Hot Carrier Solar Cells From Group III-V Quantum Well Structures ........................................................................ 840Tran Smyth, Paritosh Wadekar, Ching-Wen Chang, Li Wei Tu, Yu Feng, Hongze Xia, Binesh Puthen-Veetil, Craig Johnson, Steve Limpert, Neeti Gupta, Yuanxun Liao, Shujuan Huang, Santosh Shrestha, Gavin Conibeer

Identifying and Comparing Efficiency-Loss Mechanisms in Earth-Abundant Thin-Film Solar Cells ...................... 846Riley E. Brandt, Michael Lloyd, Yun S. Lee, Sin Cheng Siah, Tonio Buonassisi

ADVANCES IN BUFFER LAYERS ENGINEERING Achievement of 19.7% Efficiency with a Small-Sized Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Solar Cells Prepared by Sulfurization After Selenizaion Process with Znbased Buffer ....................................................................................... 849

Motoshi Nakamura, Yamaguchi Kouji, Yoshiyuki Chiba, Hideki Hakuma, Taizo Kobayashi, Tokio Nakada

Design, Preparation and Performance of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2/Zn(O,S)/ZnO:Al Solar Cells .......................................... 853Reiner Klenk, Paul Gerhardt, Iver Lauermann, Alexander Steigert, Frederick Stober, Frank Hergert, Siegmund Zweigart, Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner

The Heavily Intermixed In2S3/Cu(In,Ga)Se2Interfaceas Revealed by Photoelectronand Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy ...................................................................................................................................................... 857

M. Bär, N. Barreau, F. Couzinié-Devy, R. Félix, J. Klaer, S. Pookpanratana, M. Blum, Y. Zhang, J. D. Denlinger, W. Yang, R. G. Wilks, L. Weinhardt, H.-W. Schock, J. Kessler, C. Heske

High Voltage Cu2ZnSnS4 Submodules by Hybrid Buffer Layer .................................................................................. 863Homare Hiroi, Noriyuki Sakai, Takuya Kato, Hiroki Sugimoto

III-V ON SI SOLAR CELLS Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Performance Goals for III/V on Active Si Concentrator Solar Cells ................. 867

Alexander Haas, Paul Sharps, Daniel Aiken, Tyler Grassman, John A. Carlin, Steven Ringel

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Facts about Bottom-Cell Optimization for III-V on Silicon Multijunction Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................. 873

Diego Martin, Elisa Garcia-Tabares, Ignacio Rey-Stolle

III-V/Si(100) Heterointerfaces Studied in VPE Ambient Via Surface Dimers by in Situ Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy................................................................................................................................................... 879

Oliver Supplie, Sebastian Brückner, Henning Döscher, Peter Kleinschmidt, Thomas Hannappel

Metamorphic Tunnel Junctions for High Efficiency III-V/IV Multi-Junction Solar Cell Technology ...................... 882Daniel J. Chmielewski, Tyler J. Grassman, Andrew M. Carlin, John Carlin, Austin Speelman, Steven A. Ringel

In Situ Control of Step Formation on Si(100) Surfaces During MOVPE Preparation for III-V-on-Si Solar Cells........................................................................................................................................................................... 886

Sebastian Brückner, Peter Kleinschmidt, Oliver Supplie, Henning Döscher, Thomas Hannappel

ADVANCED DEVICES XIS: A Low-Current, High-Voltage Back-Junction Back-Contact Photovoltaic Device ............................................. 891

Agnes A. Mewe, Maciej K. Stodolny, John A. M. Van Roosmalen, Paula C. P. Bronsveld, Gaby J. M. Janssen, Martijn A. De Keijzer, Arthur W. Weeber

Overcoming Phosphorus Emitter Limitations in PERC Si Solar Cells by Using a Gallium-Phosphide Heteroemitter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 896

Hannes Wagner, Tobias Ohrdes, Amir Dastgheib-Shirazi, Binesh Puthen-Veettil, Dirk König, Pietro P. Altermatt

All-Aluminum Screen-Printed IBC Cells: Design Concept............................................................................................ 900Paul A. Basore, Emmanuel Van Kerschaver, Kirsten Cabanas-Holmen, Jean Hummel, Yafu Lin, C. Paola Murcia, Kate Fisher, Simeon Baker-Finch, Oun-Ho Park, Frederic Dross, Evelyn Schmich, Wibke Wittmann, Venus Noorai, Dilip Patel

Localized Ohmic Contact Through a Passivation Dielectric for Novel Rear Surface Design Solar Cells. ................. 904Ned J. Western, Stephen P. Bremner

Sunpower’s Maxeon Gen III Solar Cell: High Efficiency and Energy Yield ................................................................ 908David D. Smith, Peter J. Cousins, Asnat Masad, Staffan Westerberg, Michael Defensor, Reynold Ilaw, Tim Dennis, Rhea Daquin, Neil Bergstrom, Arjelene Leygo, Xi Zhu, Bennet Meyers, Ben Bourne, Mark Shields, Doug Rose

LIGHT TRAPPING CONCEPTS I Advanced Intermediate Reflector Layers for Thin Film Silicon Tandem Solar Cells ................................................. 914

Franz-Josef Haug, Mathieu Boccard, Remi Biron, Bjorn Niesen, Matthieu Despeisse, Christophe Ballif

Highly Transparent and Conductive p-Type Microcrystalline Silicon Carbide Window Layers for Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................ 917

Tao Chen, Florian Kohler, Anna Heidt, Reinhard Carius, Friedhelm Finger

Low-Temperature SiGe PECVD Epitaxy: from Wafer Equivalent to Ultra-Thin Crystalline Solar Cells on Inexpensive Substrates........................................................................................................................................ 921

R. Cariou, I. Massiot, R. Ruggeri, N. Ramay, J. Tang, A. Cattoni, S. Collin, J. Nassar, P. Roca I Cabarrocas

CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICON CELLS AND MATERIAL (II) Extension of PV Optics to Include Front Metallization.................................................................................................. 927

Debraj Guhabiswas, Bhushan Sopori, Rene Rivero, N. M. Ravindra

Griddler: Intelligent Computer Aided Design of Complex Solar Cell Metallization Patterns.................................... 933Johnson Wong

Online Monitoring for Si Solar Cell Manufacturing ...................................................................................................... 939Bhushan Sopori, Srinivas Devayajanam, Rene Rivero, Peter Rupnowski

Characterizing Damage on Si Wafer Surfaces Cut by Slurry and Diamond Wire Sawing......................................... 945Bhushan Sopori, Srinivas Devayajanam, Sudhakar Shet, Debraj Guhabiswas, Prakash Basnyat, Helio Moutinho, Lynn Gedvilas, Kim Jones, Jeff Binns, Jesse Appel

Single Contact Electron Beam Induced Current Technique for Solar Cell Characterization .................................... 951L. Meng, A. G. Street, J. C. H. Phang, C. S. Bhatia

Using Impedance Spectroscopy for Enhanced Capacitance-Voltage Measurements on Solar Cells with Multiple Space Charge Regions and a Structured Surface ............................................................................................ 956

Kay-Michael Guenther, Thomas Gimpel, Wolfgang Schade, Stefan Kontermann

SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENT: MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSES Operational Improvements in the Performance of the SUNY Satellite-to-Solar Irradiance Model Using Satellite Infrared Channels .................................................................................................................................... 960

John Dise, Adam Kankiewicz, Jim Schlemmer, Karl Hemker, Sergey Kivalov, Tom Hoff, Richard Perez

Correlating Photovoltaic Clear-Sky and Actual Output to Sky Cover Measurements................................................ 964David Daily, David Holmberg, John Baras

Quantifying Solar Power Variability for a Large Central PV Plant and Small Distributed PV Plant....................... 969Houtan Moaveni, David K. Click, Richard H. Meeker, Robert M. Reedy, Anthony Pappalardo

Utility Scale PV Plant Variability and Energy Storage for Ramp Rate Control.......................................................... 973Rob Van Haaren, Mahesh Morjaria, Vasilis Fthenakis

Adaptive Rule Generation for Solar Forecasting: Interfacing with a Knowledge-Base Library ................................ 980J. Nummikoski, Y. S. Manjili, R. Vega, H. Krishnaswami

Optimal Temporal Resolution for Detailed Studies of Cloud-EnhancedSunlight (Overirradiance) .......................... 985Georgi Hristov Yordanov, Tor Oskar Saetre, Ole-Morten Midtgård

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: ADVANCED CONCEPTS AND HYBRID DEVICES Comparative Study of Si and Ge Nanoparticles with Exotic Core Phases for Solar Energy Conversion .................. 989

S. Wippermann, M. Voros, A. Gali, G. Galli, G. Zimanyi

Metallic Quantum Dots as Sensitizers for Solar Cells .................................................................................................... 993Fahhad H. Alharbi, Qasem A. Drmosh, Mohammad K. Hossain, Nouar Tabet

A Study on Hybrid Organic/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells ................................................................................... 997Zachary S. Bittner, Susan Spencer, Anthony Terrinoni, Seth M. Hubbard

Numerical Modeling of Silicon Nanocrystal Down-Shifting Layers for Enhanced CIGS Solar Cell Performance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1003

A. M. Gabr, A. Walker, A. Trojnar, T. J. Hall, R. N. Kleiman, K. Hinzer

The Optimization of Optical Properties for Increased Performance in a Monolithic Tandem Dye-Sensitized/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell................................................................................................................................ 1008

Benjamin Grew, Jake W. Bowers, Hari M. Upadhyaya

Interband Casade Thermophotovoltaic Devices with Type-II Superlattice Absorbers of ~0.4 eV Bandgap............................................................................................................................................................................ 1013

Robert T. Hinkey, Hossein Lotfi, Lu Li, Rui Q. Yang, John F. Klem, Joel C. Keay, Matthew B. Johnson

Numerical Analysis of the Optical Concentration Effects on Split-Spectrum Solar Cell System ............................. 1017Mohammad I. Hossain, Abdelkader Bousselham, Fahhad H. Alharbi

Type-II Ge/Si Quantum Dot Superlattice for Intermediate-Band Solar Cell Applications....................................... 1021Weiguo Hu, Mohd Erman Fauzi, Makoto Igarashi, Akio Higo, Ming-Yi Lee, Yiming Li, Noritaka Usami, Seiji Samukawa

A Ferroelectric–Semiconductor-Coupled Solar Cell with Tunable Photovoltage ...................................................... 1024Fang Huang, Xiangxin Liu

Characteristics of Conductive Polymer/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Periodic Nanostructures................................................................................................................................................................. 1028

Yang-Yue Huang, Ward Pan, Yi-Chun Lai, T. T. Yang, Riqui Chen, Krishnan Chirenjeevi, Wei-Shen Weng, Peichen Yu, Hsin-Fei Meng, Martin Charlton

On the Fundamental Efficiency Limits of Photovoltaic Converters for Optical Power Transfer Applications...................................................................................................................................................................... 1031

Scott Jarvis, Jayanta Mukherjee, Matthew Perren, Stephen J. Sweeney

Thermodynamic Limits of Solar Cells with Non-ideal Optical Response ................................................................... 1036M. Ryyan Khan, Peter Bermel, Muhammad A. Alam

The Impact of Quantum Yield Through Limiting Efficiency for Multiple Exciton Generation with Intermediate Band Solar Cells........................................................................................................................................ 1041

Jongwon Lee, Christiana B. Honsberg

Limiting Efficiency of Silicon Based Nanostructure Solar Cells for Multiple Exciton Generation .......................... 1046Jongwon Lee, Stephen M. Goodnick, Christiana B. Honsberg

Impact of Threshold Energy of Multiple Exciton Generation Solar Cells .................................................................. 1050Jongwon Lee, Christiana B. Honsberg

A Hot Carrier Solar Cell Device Model Using a Coupled Electron Phonon Energy Balance Model ....................... 1054Steven Limpert, Stephen Goodnick, Christiana Honsberg, Gavin Conibeer, Stephen Bremner

Morphology Dependence of Silicon Nanostructure/Organic Polymer Solar Cell....................................................... 1060Tzu-Ching Lin, Thiyagu Subramani, Hong-Jhang Syu, Chen-Chih Hsueh, Chien-Ting Liu, Kasimayan Uma, Ching-Fuh Lin

Analytical Drift-Diffusion Modeling of GaAs Solar Cells Incorporating a Back Mirror .......................................... 1063Matthew P. Lumb, Christopher G. Bailey, Jessica G. J. Adams, Glen Hillier, Francis Tuminello, Victor C. Elarde, Robert J. Walters

A Puzzling Solar Cell Structure: An Exercise to Get Insight on Intermediate Band Solar Cells ............................. 1069A. Martí, E. Antolín, P. García-Linares, I. Ramiro, E. López, I. Tobías, A. Luque

Demonstration of Eye-Safe (1550 nm) Terrestrial Laser Power Beaming at 30 m and Subsequent Conversion into Electrical Power Using Dedicated Photovoltaics ............................................................................... 1074

Jayanta Mukherjee, Wolfgang Wulfken, Holger Hartje, Frank Steinsiek, Matthew Perren, Stephen J. Sweeney

Conductive Polymer/GaAs Hybrid Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices .................................................................. 1077Huai-Te Pan, Yang-Yue Huang, Wei-Sheng Weng, Po-Han Chen, Kai-Yuan Cheng, Yi-Chun Lai, Chia-Ying Tsai, Peichen Yu, Hsin-Fei Meng

Effects of QD Surface Coverage in Solid-State PbS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells........................................ 1080Katherine E. Roelofs, Thomas P. Brennan, Orlando Trejo, John Xu, Fritz B. Prinz, Stacey F. Bent

Biomimetic Approach to Synthesize Sensitizers for Hybrid Solar Cells ..................................................................... 1084Vivek B. Shah, Gerard Lakin, Gregory S. Orf, Robert E. Blankenship, Pratim Biswas

Modeling of Single Junction Anisotype Dilute Nitride Multi Quantum Well Solar Cell for Improvement in Efficiency.............................................................................................................................................. 1089

Gopi Vijaya, Alex Freundlich

Interface Limits to Solar Efficiency in Chalcopyrite (p)/Silicon (n) Hetero-Junction Solar Cells ............................ 1092Jian Wu, Xusheng Wang, Lingjun Zhang

Solution-Deposited CdTe Nanocrystal Thin-films for Heterojunction Solar Cells .................................................... 1098W. Yoon, T. K. Townsend, M. P. Lumb, J. G. Tischler, E. E. Foos

SUBSTRATES, CONTACTS, BUFFER LAYERS AND TCO Comparative Study of ZnS Thin Films Deposited by CBD and ALD as a Buffer Layer for CIGS Solar Cell .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1101

Krishna Aryal, Yunus Erkaya, Grace Rajan, Tasnuva Ashrafee, Angus Rockett, Robert W. Collins, Sylvain Marsillac

Material Properties of Cd1-xMgxO Transparent Conductors .................................................................................... 1105Guibin Chen, K. M. Yu, L. A. Reichertz, W. Walukiewicz

ZnS Buffer Layer Prepared by Sulfurization of Sputtered Zn Film for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells ......................... 1110Dae-Hyung Cho, Ju-Hee Kim, Jae-Hyung Wi, Soo-Jeong Park, Choong-Heui Chung, Won Seok Han, Jeha Kim, Yong-Duck Chung

Search For New Bath Formulations Of Zn(S,O,OH) Buffer Layer To Outperform Record Performances Of CdS-Based CIGSe Solar Cells........................................................................................................... 1114

Thibaud Hildebrandt, Nicolas Loones, Muriel Bouttemy, Jackie Vigneron, Arnaud Etcheberry, Daniel Lincot, Negar Naghavi

Sputtering of Metal Oxide Tunnel Junctions for Tandem Solar Cells ........................................................................ 1120Forrest Johnson, Sang Ho Song, Richard Liptak, Boris Chernomordik, Stephen A. Campbell

CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells in the Substrate Configuration on a Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Back Contact. ................................................................................................................................................................... 1126

Rajendra R. Khanal, Adam B. Phillips, Zhaoning Song, Yao Xie, Hasitha P. Mahabaduge, Mark D. Dorogi, Syed Zafar, Gary T. Faykosh, Michael J. Heben

Sn(O,S)2 Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition for Cd-Free CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells................................. 1131Jihye Kim, Dong Hyeop Shin, Hyuksang Kwon, Byung Tae Ahn

The Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on the Performance of CIGS Cells with an ITO Layer ............................ 1136Z. Li, R. Krishnan, G. Tong, R. Kaczynski, U. Schoop, T. J. Anderson

The Comparison of Different Chemical Reaction Routes for CBD-ZnS Applied on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 1142

Jen-Hao Lin, Wei-Hao Ho, Shi-Yuan Wei, Chia-Hao Hsu, Tzu-Ying Lin, Chih-Huang Lai

Co-Sputtered Zn1-XSnXO Buffer Layers for CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells ............................................................... 1146Jonathan D. Major, Ken Durose

Superstrate Design For Increased Cds/cdte Solar Cell Efficiencies ............................................................................ 1150Zhixun Ma, James McCamy, Jason M. Kephart, Russell M. Geisthardt, W. S. Sampath, Victor V. Plotnikov, Alvin Compaan

Diffusion Barriers for CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Fabricated on Flexible Substrates ...................................................... 1156Vasilios Palekis, Kartikay Singh, Xianjin Feng, Don L. Morel, Chris S. Ferekides

CdS/CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells with Cu-Free MoO3-x/Au Back Contacts ............................................................. 1161Naba R. Paudel, Chuanxiao Xiao, Ammaarah El-Amin, Rosa Zartman, Michael J. Heben, Yanfa Yan

Improved Cu/Mo Back Contact for CdS/CdTe Solar Cells ......................................................................................... 1165Juan Luis Peña, Leonardo Hernández, Victor Rejón

Reactive Sputtering of Amorphous In-Zn-O TCO from Metallic Targets ................................................................. 1168J. D. Perkins, M. Nix, A. A. Dameron, A. Zakutayev, T. Gennett, D. S. Ginley

Refractive Index Properties of Oxygenated Amorphous CdS Thin Film Deposited by rf-sputtering ...................... 1170Victor Rejón, Mariely Loeza, Inés Riech, Juan Luis Peña

Annealing Effect of CdS Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition on Different Substrates. ................. 1173Yoann Robin, Matthieu Moret, Sandra Ruffenach, Roger-Louis Aulombard, Olivier Briot

Electrical Characterization and Aging of CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells with Bi2Te3 Back Contact ......................... 1178Alessandro Romeo, Andrei Salavei, Ivan Rimmaudo, Alessio Bosio, Daniele Menossi, Fabio Piccinelli, Nicola Romeo

ZnO as Transparent Conducting Oxide by Atomic Layer Deposition ........................................................................ 1183Soumyadeep Sinha, Shaibal K. Sarkar

Improving Thin Film Solar Cells with Atomic Layer Deposited ZnO: Highly Tunable Buffer, Intrinsic, and Top Contact Layers in a Single Fabrication Process ............................................................................ 1187

M. Allan Thomas, Jingbiao Cui

Efficient Continuous-Flow Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Films as Buffer Layers for Chalcogenide-Based Solar Cells ..................................................................................................................................... 1192

B. Selin Tosun, Joel T. Abrahamson, Christopher Cheng, Stephen A. Campbell, Eray S. Aydil

Al and F Codoped ZnO by a Novel Co-Spray Deposition Technique for Solar Cells Applications .......................... 1195Bin Zhou, Xiaofei Han, Meng Tao

PASSIVATION AND ADVANCED DEVICES Reactive Ion Etching Surface Texturing of c-Si Using Silica Nanosphere Lithography Technique for Solar Cell Application ..................................................................................................................................................... 1199

Jea-Young Choi, Christiana B. Honsberg

Ion Implanted Metal Wrap Through Silicon Solar Cells ............................................................................................. 1203Nicholas Bateman, Diego Tonini, Marco Galiazzo, Giorgio Cellere

Effect of Power Density on the Passivation Quality of Pulsed – DC Reactive Sputtered Aluminum Oxide on P - Type Crystalline Silicon ............................................................................................................................ 1207

Meenakshi Bhaisare, Dayanand Sutar, Abhishek Misra, Anil Kottantharayil

Efficiency Gain For Bi-Facial Multi-Crystalline Solar Cell With Uncapped Al2O3 And Local Firing-Through Al-BSF .............................................................................................................................................................. 1212

Ilkay Cesar, Petra Manshanden, Gaby Janssen, Ernst Granneman, Olga Siarheyeva, Arthur W. Weeber

Ultra-Thin Single Crystal Silicon Modules Capable of 450 W/kg and Bending Radii <1mm: Fabrication and Characterization .................................................................................................................................. 1218

Jose L. Cruz-Campa, Gregory N. Nielson, Murat Okandan, Paul J. Resnick, Carlos A. Sanchez, Janet Nguyen, Benjamin B. Yang, Alice C. Kilgo, Christine Ford, Jeff S. Nelson

Sensitivity of Surface Passivation and Interface Quality in IBC-SHJ Solar Cells to Patterning Process................. 1224Ujjwal Das, Jianbo He, Zhan Shu, Lulu Zhang, Chris Thompson, Robert Birkmire, Steven Hegedus

Optical and Microstructural Properties of TiO2 Anti-Reflection Coatings Deposited via In-Line APCVD ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1228

K. O. Davis, K. Jiang, C. Demberger, H. Zunft, D. Habermann, W. V. Schoenfeld

Experimental Measurement of Lateral Transport in the Inversion Layer of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 1229

Hal S. Emmer, Michael G. Deceglie, Zachary C. Holman, Antoine Descoeudres, Stefaan De Wolf, Christophe Ballif, Harry A. Atwater

Correlation Between Lifetime Curve and Performance of Amorphous Silicon/ Crystalline Silicon Heterostructure Solar Cell .............................................................................................................................................. 1232

Kunal Ghosh, Stanislau Herasimenka, Bill Dauksher, Stuart Bowden

Laser Textured Heterojunction Solar Cells on 45 Um Thick Si Wafers: Effect of Optical Configuration and Light Trapping ................................................................................................................................ 1238

Steven Hegedus, Ujjwal Das, Chris Vineis, Moran Levy-Finklshtein, Jason Sickler, Jim Carey

The Investigation of Implanted Boron Emitter for N-Type Bifacial Silicon Solar Cells ........................................... 1242Shao-Peng Su, Yu-Hung Huang, Chih-Ming Kang, Sean H. T. Chen, Li-Wei Cheng

Current Status of High-Efficiency Q.ANTUM Technology at Hanwha Q CELLS.................................................... 1246Bernhard Kloter, Dominik Buß, Alexander Hussack, Peter Kowalzik, Stefan Peters, Matthias Schutze, Elmar Stegemann, Jorg Muller

Passivation of Solar Cell Emitters Using Aluminum Nitride ....................................................................................... 1249Georg Krugel, Aashish Sharma, Anamaria Moldovan, Winfried Wolke, Jochen Rentsch, Ralf Preu

Improvement of c-Si Surface Passivation Using Dual Intrinsic a-Si:H Layers for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells .............................................................................................................................................. 1254

Kyu-Sung Lee, Chang Bong Yeon, Sun Jin Yun, Jung Wook Lim

Field-Induced Anodization for Silicon Solar Cell Passivation ..................................................................................... 1257Alison Lennon, Jeeyeon Yeo, Pei Hsuan Lu, Yi Sun, Xi Wang, Zhong Lu, Yang Li, Valantis Vais

Oxide Passivated Low Reflection Nano-structured Solar Cell..................................................................................... 1260Cheow Siu Leong, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Saleem H. Zaidi

Effect of ALD Reactants on Blistering of Aluminum Oxide Films on Crystalline Silicon......................................... 1265Shuo Li, Paivikki Repo, Guillaume Von Gastrow, Yameng Bao, Hele Savin

Excellent Surface Passivation of Silicon at Low Cost: Atomic Layer Deposited Aluminium Oxide from Solar Grade TMA ............................................................................................................................................................ 1268

Fen Lin, Naomi Nandakumar, Bas Dielissen, Roger Gortzen, Bram Hoex

Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Via Remote Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition: Influence of Hydrogen Dilution, RF power, and Sample Z-height Position ........................................... 1272

E. U. Onyegam, W. James, R. Rao, L. Mathew, M. Hilali, S. K. Banerjee

Passivation of Different Black Silicon Surfaces by ALD Deposited Al2O3................................................................. 1277Martin Otto, Matthias Kroll, Thomas Kasebier, Xiaopeng Li, Benjamin Gesemann, Kevin Fuchsel, Johannes Ziegler, Alexander N. Sprafke, Ralf B. Wehrspohn

Counterdoping with Patterned Ion Implantation ......................................................................................................... 1280Udo Römer, Robby Peibst, Tobias Ohrdes, Yevgeniya Larionova, Nils-Peter Harder, Rolf Brendel, Andreas Grohe, Daniel Stichtenoth, Tobias Wütherich, Claus Schöllhorn, Hans-Joachim Krokoszinski, John Graff

Effect of Initial Oxidized Layer Condition on Passivation Quality of AlOx films Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition Technique at Room Temperature .................................................................................................... 1285

Chikako Sakai, Shunsuke Yamamoto, Shohei Miki, Koji Arafune, Yasushi Hotta, Haruhiko Yoshida, Atsushi Ogura, Shin-Ichi Satoh

Study and Manipulation of Charges Present in Silicon Nitride Films ........................................................................ 1288Vivek Sharma, Clarence Tracy, Dieter Schroder, Marco Flores, Bill Dauksher, Stuart Bowden

Top-down Aluminum Induced Crystallization for N-type Solar Cell Emitters.......................................................... 1294Seth Shumate, Hafeezuddin M. Khaja, Douglas Hutchings, Shui-Qing Yu, Hameed Naseem

Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Solar Cells with Laser Fired Contacts............................................................... 1298Rubin Sidhu, Murray Bennett, George Hmung, Wensheng Ren, Lian Zou, David Carlson, Jingbing Dong, Xiaoqiang Li, Jiangang Lu, Wentao Song, Longzhong Tao, Zhengyue Xia, Zhuojian Yang, Guoqiang Xing

A Robust Smartsilicon Technology for a-Si:H Heterojunction Cells on MG and UMG-Si with Efficiencies in the 16 -18% Range .................................................................................................................................. 1301

Ashok K. Sinha, Joseph Bach, Surinder Bedi, Ki-Bum Kim, Leiping Lai, Bin Li, John Li, Wen Ma, Scott McHugo, Frank Pham, Chenlei Wang

Surface Passivation by Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3/ TIO2Stacks........................................................................ 1304Dongchul Suh, Duk-Yong Choi, Jun Yu, Wensheng Liang, Klaus J. Weber

Industrially Rear Side Passivated Cz Mono-Crystalline Cells with 19.5% Efficiency............................................... 1307Zhuo Xu, Xueliang Yang, Gaofei Li, Wenchao Zhao, Decheng Yang, Zhiyan Hu, Jingfeng Xiong

Light Trapping Effect of Nanoimprinted-Textured Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells .................................................. 1310Seiya Yoshinaga, Yasuaki Ishikawa, Shinji Araki, Yukiharu Uraoka

THIN FILM SILICON SOLAR CELLS, NOVEL CONCEPTS, POLYCRYSTALLINE AND EPITAXIAL SILICON Selected Area Crystallization of Amorphous Si and Ge Thin Films on Glass Substrates for Solar Cell and 3D-Optoelectronic Applications .............................................................................................................................. 1314

Husam Abu-Safe, Alan Hickerson, Hui Zhong, Hameed Naseem, Shui-Qing Yu

Selective High Concentration Doping of Boron Near Absorber Contacts of a Laser Crystallized Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cell on Glass ............................................................................................................................ 1318

Chaho Ahn, Sergey Varlamov, Kyung Hun Kim, Martin Green

An Investigation of Crystalline Thin-Film Six/Ge1-x/Si Solar Cells............................................................................ 1322Adnan Ali, A. W. Wazira, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Saleem H. Zaidi

Light Trapping in Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on Liquid Phase Crystallization on Textured Substrates ......................................................................................................................... 1326

Daniel Amkreutz, Jan Haschke, Steffi Schonau, Florian Ruske, Bernd Rech

Multicrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells Based on a Two-Step Liquid Phase Laser Crystallization Process .................................................................................................................................................... 1330

Gudrun Andrä, Annett Gawlik, Ingmar Höger, Jonathan Plentz, Fritz Falk

Analysis of the Microstructure of Silicon Quantum Dot Superlattice Embedded Microcrystalline Silicon Carbide for Solar Cell Application .................................................................................................................... 1334

Partha Chaudhuri, Arindam Kole, Golam Haider

Plasma Treatment to Improve Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell's Performance ........................................................... 1339Changyong Chen, Xunming Deng, Zhaoning Song

All Silicon Carbide Based p-i-n Photovoltaic Solar Cells with Conversion Efficiency Enhanced by Detuning the Composition Ratio of i-SixC1-x Layer .................................................................................................... 1343

Chih-Hsien Cheng, Ling-Hsuan Tasi, Gong-Ru Lin

CVD Growth of Ge1-xSnx Using Large Scale Si Process for Higher Efficient Multi-Junction Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1346

Benjamin R. Conley, Aboozar Mosleh, Seyed Amir Ghetmiri, Hameed A. Naseem, John Tolle, Shui-Qing Yu

Solar Cell Composed of Periodic Nano-Structure and SiGe/Si Thin Film.................................................................. 1350C.-F. Hsieh, H.-S. Wu, T.-C. Wu, M. H. Liao

Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Using Metallic Fishnet Nanostructures Simultaneously for Schottky Contact and Plasmonics Enhancement .......................................................................................................................... 1353

Liang Huang, Huixu Deng, Thach Pham, Matthew Young, Hameed Naseem, Husam Hamza Abu-Safe, Xiaodong Yang, Shui-Qing Yu

Enhanced p-type Conductivity and Band Gap Narrowing in Heavily B-doped p-BaSi2 Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy............................................................................................................................................ 1357

M. Ajmal Khan, K. O. Hara, W. Du, M. Baba, K. Nakamura, M. Suzuno, K. Toko, N. Usami, T. Suemasu

A Study of Tunnel Recombination Junction on a-Si:H/HIT Tandem Structure Solar Cell ...................................... 1361Youngseok Lee, Dao Vinh Ai, Sangho Kim, Sangmyung Han, Heeseok Kim, Junsin Yi

15%, 20 Micron Thin, Silicon Solar Cells on Steel ....................................................................................................... 1364Anthony Lochtefeld, Lu Wang, Mark Carroll, Jianshu Han, Donald Stryker, Susan Bengtson, Yu Yao, Dong Lin, Jingjia Ji, Christopher Leitz, Alison Lennon, Robert L. Opila, Allen Barnett

Optimization of Front and Backside Electrodes for a-Si:H/uc-Si:H Silicon Thin Film Tandem Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1366

X. Niu, M. Wang, C. Yu, B. Cheng, S. F. Liu, J. Rong, X. Mei, W. Han, J. Mao, X. Wang , S. Y. Liu, L. Li, L. Ding, L. Yang, Z. Chou, C. R. Wronski

Cost Reduction by Using Micro-Fingers in Thin Film Silicon Modules...................................................................... 1371Lenneke H. Slooff, Johan Bosman, Jochen Löffler, Tristram Budel

Optical Analysis of Subbandgap Defects in Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells ....................................... 1374S. Steffens, C. Becker, B. Rech

Effects of Absorber Doping and Post-Deposition Treatments on the Performance of n-Type Poly-Si Thin Film Solar Cells on Glass ....................................................................................................................................... 1379

Chaowei Xue, Kyung Kim, Sergey Varlamov

CHARACTERIZATION – CELL AND MATERIAL RELATED Simulation of Emitter Doping ProfilesFormed by Industrial POCl3Processes .......................................................... 1383

Malcolm Abbott, Giuseppe Scardera, Keith R. McIntosh, Andreas Meisel

Resonant Coupling For Contactless Measurement of Carrier Lifetime ..................................................................... 1389Richard K. Ahrenkiel, Steven W. Johnston

In-situ Stage Development for High-Temperature X-ray Nanocharacterization of Defects in Solar cells.................................................................................................................................................................................... 1394

S. Gangam, A. Jeffries, D. P. Fenning, B. Lai, J. Maser, T. Buonassisi, C. Honsberg, M. I. Bertoni

Inter-laboratory Study of Eddy-Current Measurement of Excess-Carrier Recombination Lifetime ...................... 1396Adrienne L. Blum, James S. Swirhun, Ronald A. Sinton, Fei Yan, Stanislau Herasimenka, Thomas Roth, Kevin Lauer, Jonas Haunschild, Bianca Lim, Karsten Bothe, Ziv Hameiri, Bjoern Seipel, Rentian Xiong, Marwan Dhamrin1, John D. Murphy

Modeling Photoluminescence Spatial Mapping of an Isolated Defect Under Uniform and Selective Excitation.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1402

Fengxiang Chen, Yong Zhang, T. H. Gfroerer, A. N. Finger, M. W. Wanlass

Hyperspectral Guided-Mode Quantum Efficiency: A Novel Characterization Technique for Thin-Film Photovoltaics ........................................................................................................................................................... 1406

Nanditha Dissanayake, Ahsan Ashraf, Yutong Pang, Matthew D. Eisaman

On the Use of Local Ideality Factor Obtained from Effective Carrier Lifetime Measurements............................... 1412Ziv Hameiri, Keith R. McIntosh

Current-Voltage Characteristics of Novel PV Devices Under Various Irradiance and Temperature Conditions ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1417

Yoshihiro Hishikawa, Hiromi Tobita, Ayumi Sasaki, Kengo Yamagoe, Tsuyoshi Onuma, Yuki Tsuno

UV-Raman Scattering Assessment of ZnO: Al Layers From Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Based Solar Cells: Application For Fast On-Line Process Monitoring....................................................................................................... 1423

Cristina Insignares-Cuello, Victor Izquierdo-Roca, Xavier Fontané, Yudenia Sánchez, Juan López-García, Cedric Broussillou, Edgardo Saucedo, Verónica Bermúdez, Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez

CdTe Films By Elemental Vapor Transport ................................................................................................................. 1427V. Kendre, V. Evani, M. Khan, V. Palekis, S. Vatavu, D. Morel, C. Ferekides

Effect of Cu Doping on Polycrystalline CdTe Prepared by Close-Spaced Sublimation............................................. 1428V. Evani, M. Khan, V. Kendre, D. Morel, C. Ferekides

Single Image Concept for Photoluminescence Based Emitter Saturation Current Imaging Using Direct Calibration by the QSS-µPCD Method .............................................................................................................. 1432

Ferenc Korsós, András Zsovár, Jacek Lagowski, Marshall Wilson, Zoltán Kiss, Zsolt Kovács, György Nádudvari

Investigation of Methods for Adhesion Characterization of Evaporated Aluminum Layers.................................... 1436Julia Kumm, Dirk Eberlein, Philip Hartmann, Winfried Wolke, Andreas Wolf, Ralf Preu

Junction Depth EstimationUsing Wet Chemical Etching for Deep Junction Fabricated by Laser Doping............................................................................................................................................................................... 1441

Som Mondal, Vishnu Kant Bajpai, Chetan Singh Solanki

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Characterization of Thin Film Photovoltaic Materials and Devices............................. 1445Michelle N. Sestak, Li Yan, Celine Eypert

Decoupling Surface- and Bulk-Limited Lifetimes in 100-µm Thin Silicon Using Transient Absorption Pump-Probe Spectroscopy .............................................................................................................................................. 1450

Sin Cheng Siah, Christie B. Simmons, Jasmin Hofstetter, Mark T. Winkler, Tonio Buonassisi

Impurity Analyses of Silicon Wafers from Different Manufacturing Routes and Their Impact on LID of Finished Solar Cells..................................................................................................................................................... 1454

Muhammad Tayyib, Jan Ove Odden, Pirmin Preis, Tor Oskar Saetre

Microscopic Defects and Impurity Analyses of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells from Different Manufacturing Routes..................................................................................................................................................... 1459

Muhammad Tayyib, Espen Dahl, Jan Ove Odden, Pål Baggethun, Tor Oskar Saetre

Estimating Pyramid Density of a Random-Textured Surface by Capacitance-Voltage Measurement of c-Si Solar Cells ................................................................................................................................................................. 1465

Xufeng Wang, Muhammad A. Alam

Theoretical Study of (112) GBs and Stacking Faults in Polycrystalline CuInSe2 Thin Films................................... 1466Bo Yin, Chaogang Lou

Photovoltage Decay Processes in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Studied by Photo-Assisted Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ............................................................................................................................................................ 1470

Hyeondeuk Yong, Yu Nakajima, Takashi Minemoto, Takuji Takahashi

Minority Carrier Lifetime Analysis of Bulk and Interfaces on MOVPE grown III-V Low Bandgap Solar Cell Materials ......................................................................................................................................................... 1473

Anja Dobrich, Klaus Schwarzburg, Thomas Hannappel

ADVANCED MODULE CONCEPTS AND PV SYSTEM APPLICATIONS Light Capturing Film on Interconnect Ribbon for Current Gain of Crystalline Silicon PV modules ..................... 1478

Indeok Chung, Hyun Young Son, Hoon Oh, Un-Il Baek, Nari Yoon, Won-Jae Lee, Eun-Chel Cho, In-Sik Moon

Novel PV Module Cleaning System Using Ambient Moisture and Self-Cleaning Coating........................................ 1481Jim Joseph John, Mehul C Raval, Anil Kottantharayil, Chetan Singh Solanki

Output Power Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Photovoltaic Module Using Fibonacci Numbers .................. 1484Seiji Suzumoto, Toshiaki Yachi

Silica Nanoparticle Antireflective Coating with PVP Adhesion Layer ....................................................................... 1489Corey S. Thompson, Min Zou

Design and Performance Evaluation of Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT) Air Collector ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1492

Huan-Liang Tsai, Chieh-Yen Hsu, Fu-Sheng Hsieh, Yu-Hsuan Chiang

Experimental Validation of a Dynamic Linear Model of Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector....................................... 1495Lucio Ciabattoni, Gianluca Ippoliti, Sauro Longhi

Solar DC Powered Commercial Buildings..................................................................................................................... 1500Ashok Jhunjunwala, N. Lakshminarasamma, Krishna Vasudevan

Novel Cascaded Battery Charging Architecture for Photovoltaic Systems ................................................................ 1506Kevin O. Davis, Abraham K. Ishihara, Chaitanya Poolla, Seiichi Arai

Research and Practice of Designing Hydro/Photovoltaic Hybrid Power System in Microgrid ................................ 1509Wang Yibo, Xu Honghua

Design and Performance Analysis for Hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery Power System for Residential Area in Dhaka City ................................................................................................................................................................... 1515

Tauseef Riasat, Muntasir Anik Ahmed, Samirah Tasin, Altamis Nabil, Salmin Andalib

Solar on Schools Designed for Emergency Shelters ...................................................................................................... 1521William R. Young

A New Multilevel Solar Panel System for Urban Areas ............................................................................................... 1526Ahmed Hosne Zenan, Sanjana Ahmed, Khalilur Rhaman, Mosaddequr Rahman

Measuring the Effect of an MPPT System Using the Incremental Conductance Method For Boosting the Output of a PV Array in an Industrial Site in Switzerland ................................................................................... 1531

Kaveh Haddadi, Zahir Dehouche, Severin Baumann, Andreas Lehr

PV RELIABILITY I Evaluation of Current Standards and Practices for the Simulation of Wind-Blown Sands and their Applicability as Accelerated Ageing Tests for PV Modules ......................................................................................... 1537

Florian Reil, Ingo Baumann, Jörg Althaus, Stefan Gebhard

Artificial Soiling of Photovoltaic Module Surfaces Using Traceable Soil Components ............................................. 1542Patrick D. Burton, Bruce H. King

Modeling in Support of Methods of Module Testing for Long Term Environmental Durability ............................. 1546David Dumbleton, Richard Slomko

Potential Induced Degradation of Pre-Stressed Photovoltaic Modules: Influence of Polarity, Surface Conductivity and Temperature ...................................................................................................................................... 1548

Faraz Ebneali, Sai Tatapudi, Govindasamy Tamizhmani

Chemically Strengthened Cover Glass for Preventing Potential Induced Degradation of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................................ 3500

Mika Kambe, Kohjiro Hara, Kazuhiko Mitarai, Satoshi Takeda, Makoto Fukawa, Naohiko Ishimaru, Michio Kondo

Object Dependent Properties of Mirrors for PV Applications Studied Under Accelerated Weathering Protocols ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1554

Ian V. Kidd, Laura S. Bruckman, Myles P. Murray, Roger H. French

Application of an Analytical Model Based on Transistor Concepts for the Characterization of Potential-Induced Degradation in Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics........................................................................... 1559

Nitsa Kindyni, George E. Georghiou

Moisture as Stress Factor for PV-Modules.................................................................................................................... 1566Michael Koehl

Results of the First Round of the Photovoltaic Durability Initiative ........................................................................... 1571G. S. Kinsey, D. H. Meakin, C. Schmid, C. Ferrara, S. Stecklum

Lifetime Prediction Model of Thermal Fatigue Stress on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module ........................ 1575Nochang Park, Changwoon Han, Jaeseong Jeong, Donghwan Kim

Towards the Origin of Photochemical EVA Discoloration........................................................................................... 1579Cornelia Peike, Lea Purschke, Karl-Anders Weiss, Michael Köhl, Michael Kempe

Understanding Polymer Degradation Under Voltage Stress in PV Applications. ...................................................... 1585Nancy H. Phillips, Bradley L. Givot, William O’Brien

Comparison of Different DC Arc Spectra – Derivation of Proposals for the Development of an International Arc Fault Detector Standard ................................................................................................................... 1589

F. Reil, A. Sepanski, S. Raubach, M. Vosen, E. Dietrich

Ultraviolet Radiation As a Stress Factor for the PV-Modules - Global Approach..................................................... 1594Karolina Slamova, Jochen Wirth, Christian Schill, Michael Koehl

UV Aging Performance of Blue Light Encapsulant Films............................................................................................ 1600Rebecca L. Smith, Katherine M. Stika, Dennis J. Walls, Yefim Brun

Potential Induced Degradation of Pre-Stressed Photovoltaic Modules: Effect of Glass Surface Conductivity Disruption.................................................................................................................................................. 1604

S. Tatapudi, F. Ebneali, J. Kuitche, G. Tamizhmani

Reliability and Energy Output of Bifacial Modules...................................................................................................... 1610Bas B. Van Aken, Mark J. Jansen, Nico J. J. Dekker

Point Admittance Spectroscopy: New PV Diagnostic ................................................................................................... 1615Anthony Vasko, Victor Karpov

Arc Fault and Flash Detection in DC Photovoltaic Arrays Using Wavelets ............................................................... 1619Zhan Wang, Robert S. Balog

Modeling A-Si Module Ageing Using the Concept of Environmental Dose ................................................................ 1625Jiang Zhu, Martin Bliss, Thomas R. Betts, Ralph Gottschalg

PLENARY III Full Spectrum Ultrahigh Efficiency Photovoltaics........................................................................................................ 1631

Harry A. Atwater, Matthew D. Escarra, Carissa N. Eisler, Emily D. Kosten, Emily C. Warmann, Sunita Darbe, John Lloyd, Cristofer Flowers

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: PROGRESS TOWARD INTERMEDIATE BAND SOLAR CELLS Superlattice Intermediate Band Solar Cell with Resonant Upper-Conduction-Band Assisted Photo-Absorption and Carrier Extraction................................................................................................................................ 1635

Alex Freundlich, Gopi K. Vijaya, Akhil Mehrotra

Intermediate Band Solar Energy Conversion in ZnTeO .............................................................................................. 1639Jamie Phillips, Alan Teran, Chihyu Chen, E. Antolin, I. Ramiro, E. Lopez, E. Hernandez, I. Artacho, C. Tablero, A. Marti, A. Luque

PROGRESS IN CdTe TECHNOLOGY Progress Towards 14% Efficient CdTe Solar Cells in Substrate Configuration........................................................ 1644

Lukas Kranz, Rafael Schmitt, Christina Gretener, Julian Perrenoud, Fabian Pianezzi, Alexander R. Uhl, Debora Keller, Stephan Buecheler, Ayodhya N. Tiwari

The Use of CorningR Willow™ Glass for Flexible CdTe Solar Cells.......................................................................... 1649W. L. Rance, J. M. Burst, M. O. Reese, D. M. Meysing, C. A. Wolden, T. A. Gessert, S. Garner, P. Cimo, T. M. Barnes

Reduction of Window Layer Optical Losses in CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Using a Float-Line Manufacturable HRT Layer........................................................................................................................................... 1653

Jason M. Kephart, Russell M. Geisthardt, Zhixun Ma, James McCamy, W. S. Sampath

Nitrogen Doped Chalcopyrites as Contacts to CdTe Photovoltaics ............................................................................. 1658A. Rockett, T. Erickson, Z. Wang, K. Aryal, S. Marsillac, P. Koirala, R. W. Collins

MULTI-JUNCTION III-V CELLS Outline of Europe-Japan Collaborative Research on Concentrator Photovoltaics.................................................... 1662

Masafumi Yamaguchi, Antonio Luque

Case Study in Failure Analysis of Accelerated Life Tests (ALT) on III-V Commercial Triple-Junction Concentrator Solar Cells................................................................................................................................................. 1666

P. Espinet-Gonzalez, R. Romero, V. Orlando, M. Gabas, N. Nunez, M. Vazquez, S. Palanco, S. Bijani, Y. Contreras, B. Galiana, C. Algora, K. Araki

INDUSTRIAL SOLAR CELLS: TEXTURE, EMITTER AND ARC Forming Random-micropores by Optimized 2-step Metal Assisted Etching Process................................................ 1672

T. K. Chong, Klaus J. Weber, Andrew W. Blakers

Investigation of Single Step Co-Anneal of Ion Implanted Boron and Phosphorous to Fabricate N-type Front Junction Solar Cells .............................................................................................................................................. 1677

Ajay D. Upadhyaya, Young-Woo Ok, Malka Kadish, Vijaykumar Upadhyaya, Kyung Sun Ryu, Moon Hee Kang, Atul Gupta, Ajeet Rohatgi

CHARCATERIZATION OF THIN FILMS (I) Electron Microscopy Study of Individual Grain Boundaries in Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films........................................ 1681

Zhiwei Wang, Kim M. Jones, Andrew G. Norman, John Moseley, Ingrid L. Repins, Rommel Noufi, Yanfa Yan, Mowafak M. Al-Jassim

Correlations Between Mapping Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Solar Cell Performance for the Study of Nonuniformities in Thin (0.7 µm) Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 Solar Cells Over Large Areas ............................................. 1685

Puruswottam Aryal, Dinesh Attygalle, Puja Pradhan, Abdel-Rahman A. Ibdah, Krishna Aryal, N. J. Podraza, S. Marsillac, A. A. Rockett, R. W. Collins

Photothermal Spectroscopy by Atomic Force Microscopy on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.......................................... 1691Yasushi Hamamoto, Kenji Hara, Takashi Minemoto, Takuji Takahashi

Characterization of Contacts Produced Using a Laser Ablation/Inkjet One Step Interconnect Process for Thin Film Photovoltaics ............................................................................................................................................ 1694

P. M. Kaminski, A. Abbas, J. W. Bowers, G. Claudio, B. Maniscalco, J. M. Walls. M. L. Crozier, A. N. Brunton

GRID IMPACTS OF PV SYSTEMS Time Series Simulation of Voltage Regulation Device Control Modes ....................................................................... 1700

Jimmy E. Quiroz, Matthew J. Reno, Robert J. Broderick

Clustering Methodology for Classifying Distribution Feeders..................................................................................... 1706Robert J. Broderick, Joseph R. Williams

High-Penetration PV Deployment in the Arizona Public Service System, Phase 2 Results and Update on Phase 3......................................................................................................................................................................... 1711

James Cale, David Narang

Prevention of Output Suppression Through Heat Pump Water Heaters for High-Penetration Residential PV Systems ................................................................................................................................................... 1715

Yusuke Miyamoto, Yasuhiro Hayashi

Neural Networks Based Home Energy Management System in Residential PV Scenario ........................................ 1721Lucio Ciabattoni, Massimo Grisostomi, Gianluca Ippoliti, Sauro Longhi

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING OF QUANTUM WELL AND SUPERLATTICE ENHANCED SOLAR CELLS An Evaluation of Fabrication Methods for Doping Superlattice Devices ................................................................... 1727

Michael A. Slocum, David V. Forbes, Mihir H. Bohra, Seth M. Hubbard

Evaluation of Asymmetric Tunneling-Assisted Structure for InGaAs/GaAsP MQWS Solar Cell ........................... 1733Shaojun Ma, Yunpeng Wang, Hassanet Sodabanlu, Kentaroh Watanabe, Masakazu Sugiyama, Yoshiaki Nakano

Tandem InGaP/GaAs-Quantum Well Solar Cells and Their Potential Improvement Through Phosphorus Carry-Over Management in Multiple Quantum Well Structures .......................................................... 1737

Joshua P. Samberg, Geoffrey K. Bradshaw, C. Zachary Carlin, Peter C. Colter, Ken Edmondson, William Hong, Chris Fetzer, Nasser Karam, N. A. El-Masry, Salah M. Bedair

PROGRESS IN CIGS TECHNOLOGY Achievement of 15.1% Total Area Efficiency on 1.09m2 Monolithic CIGSeS Modules in TSMC Solar Production Line ............................................................................................................................................................... 1741

Sean Yang, Kwang-Ming Lin, Wen-Chin Lee, Chih-Ching Lin, Liham Chu

Rapid Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films from Secontaining Precursors by the Two-Step Selenization Process......................................................................................................................................................... 1744

Lorelle M. Mansfield, Shogo Ishizuka, Clay Dehart, Marty Scott, Bobby To, Matthew R. Young, Rommel Noufi

CPV SYSTEM DESIGN, MODELING, AND FIELD RESULTS Performance Analysis and Modeling of the World’s Largest CPV Power Plant ....................................................... 1749

Mingguo Liu, Robert Gordon, Adam Plesniak, Will Bagienski, Vahan Garboushian

Design and Modeling of a High Efficiency Hybrid Photovoltaic-Photothermal Concentrator (PVPTC) System............................................................................................................................................................................... 1755

Kyle H. Montgomery, Cristian Heredia, Jerry M. Woodall

Photon Transport in Fluorescent Solar Concentrators ................................................................................................ 1761Thomas S. Parel, Lefteris Danos, Tom Markvart

A Biomimetic Strategy for Designing Easily-installable CPV Tracking System with High Wind Resistivity ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1766

Masaki Yamamoto, Ryutaro Futakuchi, Kazuo Inoue, Hidekazu Arase, Akio Matsushita, Akihiro Itoh, Tetsuya Asano, Nobuhiko Hayashi, Daijiro Inoue, Tohru Nakagawa, Eiji Fujii, Daisuke Ueda

PASSIVATION The Influence of Crystal Orientation on Surface Passivation in Multi-Crystalline Silicon....................................... 1770

Hang Cheong Sio, Sieu Pheng Phang, Yimao Wan, Wensheng Liang, Thorsten Trupke, Sheng Cao, Dongli Hu, Yuepeng Wan, Daniel Macdonald

Extremely Low Surface Recombination Velocities on Heavily Doped Planar and Textured p+ Silicon Using Low-Temperature Positively-Charged PECVD SiOx/SiNx Dielectric Stacks with Optimised Antireflective properties.................................................................................................................................................. 1776

Shubham Duttagupta, Fa-Jun Ma, Bram Hoex, Armin G. Aberle

Rear Side Dielectrics Choices in PERC Solar Cells ...................................................................................................... 1781Zhengyue Xia, Yantao Gao, Longzhong Tao, Xiaoqiang Li, Zhuojian Yang, Rubin Sidhu, Jingbing Dong, Hongqiao Qiao, Kuilong Teng, Bin Zhang, Guoqiang Xing

METASTABILITY, DEFECT ENGINEERING AND MATERIAL PROCESSING Recrystallized Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Zercon Ceramics.............................................................................. 1784

Kai Schillinger, Stefan Janz, Stefan Reber

Optimization of a-Si:H p-i-n Solar Cells through Development of n-layer Growth Evolution Diagram and Large Area Mapping................................................................................................................................................ 1788

Z. Huang, L. R. Dahal, C. Salupo, A. S. Ferlauto, N. J. Podraza, R. W. Collins

PV OUTPUT VARIABILITY Power Output Variability in Randomly Spaced Dutch Urban Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems ....................... 1794

Boudewijn Elsinga, Wilfried G. J. H. M. Van Sark

Power Quality Survey of a Photovoltaic Power Plant................................................................................................... 1799A. Honrubia-Escribano, A. Molina-García, E. Gómez-Lázaro, E. Muljadi

Comparing Ramp Rates from Large and Small PV Systems, and Selection of Batteries for Ramp Rate Control.............................................................................................................................................................................. 1805

Daniel Cormode, Alex D. Cronin, William Richardson, Antonio T. Lorenzo, Adria E. Brooks, Daniella N. Dellagiustina

PV Output Smoothing Using a Battery and Natural Gas Engine-Generator ............................................................. 1811Jay Johnson, Abraham Ellis, Atsushi Denda, Kimio Morino, Takao Shinji, Takao Ogata, Masayuki Tadokoro

Simulated PV PowerPlant Variability: Impact of Utility-Imposed Ramp Limitations in Puerto Rico .................... 1817Matthew Lave, Jan Kleissl, Abraham Ellis, Felipe Mejia

CELL LEVEL RELIABILITY Investigation on the Impact of Macro- and Micro-Climate on the Potential Induced Degradation ......................... 1822

Stephan Hoffmann, Michael Koehl

Thermal and Electrical Characterization of Catastrophic Degradation of Silicon Solar Cells Submitted to Reverse Current Stress............................................................................................................................. 1826

Alessandro Compagnin, Matteo Meneghini, Valentina Giliberto, Marco Barbato, Margherita Marsili, Andrea Cester, Enrico Zanoni, Gaudenzio Meneghesso

Nonuniform Degradation and Hot Spots in Thin Film PV........................................................................................... 1831Anthony Vasko, Victor Karpov

Diffusion Activation Energy of Cadmium in Thin Film CuInGaSe2 .......................................................................... 1836N. J. Biderman, Steven W. Novak, T. Laursen, R. J. Matyi, R. Sundaramoorthy, Gary Dufresne, John Wax, Michael Gardner, Dave Fobare, D. Metacarpa, Pradeep Haldar, J. R. Lloyd

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: LIGHT MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTALS Absorption Enhancement in Ultra-thin Film Si Slabs Using Novel Photonic Crystal Textures ............................... 1842

Dennis M. Callahan, Kelsey A. Whitesell, Harry A. Atwater

Enhanced Optical Absorption Induced by Localized Surface Plasmon of Gold Nanospheres in a Silicon Solar Cell.............................................................................................................................................................. 1845

Chien-Lang Chiang, Cheng-Ying Yang, Ting-Hsuan Sung, Cheng-Yen Tsai, Peichen Yu1, Wen-Hao Chang

Spectrum Splitting Photovoltaics: Polyhedral Specular Reflector Design for Ultra-High Efficiency Modules ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1848

Carissa N. Eisler, Emily D. Kosten, Emily C. Warmann, Harry A. Atwater

Spectrum-Splitting Photovoltaics: Holographic Spectrum Splitting in Eight-Junction, Ultra-high Efficiency Module ............................................................................................................................................................ 1852

Matthew D. Escarra, Sunita Darbe, Emily C. Warmann, Harry A. Atwater

Optical Characterization of Selectively Transparent and Conducting Photonic Crystals for Use in Thin Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics ........................................................................................................................... 1856

Andrew G. Flood, Kevin Boyd, Zahidur R. Chowdhury, Paul G. O’Brien, Rafael Kleiman, Nazir P. Kherani

Paving the Way for High-Performance Quantum Dot Solar Cells .............................................................................. 1861Kevin Forgie, Nghia Nguyen, Wook Jun Nam, Stephen J. Fonash

Predicting the Performance of Photonic Luminescent Solar Concentrators .............................................................. 1864Johannes Gutmann, Hans Zappe, Jan Christoph Goldschmidt

Opto-Electronic Evaluation of Thin Double-Textured Crystalline Silicon Wafers.................................................... 1869Andrea Ingenito, Olindo Isabella, Miro Zeman

Improved Efficiency of Thin Film a-Si:H Solar Cells with Au Nanoparticles ........................................................... 1873Kazi Islam, Aaesha Alnuaimi, Ali Kemal Okyay, Ammar Nayfeh

Broadband Photon Harvesting Capability Enhancement with Plasmonic Inspired Nanostructure Based Solar Cell ............................................................................................................................................................... 1877

Ibrahim Khalil, Atiqur Rahman, Arshad M. Chowdhury, Nowshad Amin, Gee-Kung Chang

Observation of Light Scattering Properties of Silicon Nanowire Arrays.................................................................... 1880Yasuyoshi Kurokawa, Yuya Watanabe, Shinya Kato, Yasuharu Yamada, Akira Yamada, Yoshimi Ohta, Yusuke Niwa, Masaki Hirota

Light-Trapping in Solar Cells by Photonic Nanostructures: The Need for Benchmarking and Fabrication Assessments ................................................................................................................................................. 1885

Frank Lenzmann, Jyri Salpakari, Arthur Weeber, Carol Olson

Modeling and Analysis of Multicolored Anti-Reflection Coatings with High Transmittance for Different Solar Cell Materials......................................................................................................................................... 1888

Matthew P. Lumb, Woojun Yoon, Christopher G. Bailey, David Scheiman, Joseph G. Tischler, Robert J. Walters

Designing Nano-Loop Antenna Arrays For Light-Trapping in Solar Cells................................................................ 1894Arnold F. McKinley, Thomas P. White, Kylie R. Catchpole

Combined Optical and Electrical Analysis of Efficiency Enhancement in Solar Cells with Embedded Dielectric Nanoparticles .................................................................................................................................................. 1897

M. S. Murthy, Mohit Bajaj, Ninad D. Sathaye, K. V. R. M. Murali, Swaroop Ganguly

Design of Ultra-Broadband Antireflection Coatings Utilizing Integrated Moth-Eye Structures for Multi-Junction Device Applications ............................................................................................................................... 1902

Emmett E. Perl, Chieh-Ting Lin, William E. McMahon, John E. Bowers, Daniel J. Friedman

Angle Dependent Photon Management in Thin Film Photovoltaics Using Anodized Aluminum Oxide.................. 1907Brian Roberts, Qi Chen, P.-C. Ku

Scattering and Plasmon Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in Aluminum Doped ZnO(AZO)/Si Heterojunction Solar Cell ............................................................................................................................................... 1910

Hossein Shokri Kojori, Juhyung Yun, Younghun Paik, Wayne A. Anderson, Sung Jin Kim

Numerical Study of Graded Bandgap Solar Cells......................................................................................................... 1914Ming-Hsuan Tan, Hung-Ruei Tseng, Yen-Hua Lo, Shun-Chieh Hsu, Che-Pin Tsai, Chien-Chung Lin

Graded Index Sol-Gel Antireflection Coatings ............................................................................................................. 1919Max Wang, Jonathan Grandidier, Steven M. Jones, Harry A. Atwater

Spectrum Splitting Photovoltaics: Materialsand Device Parametersto Achieve UltrahighSystem Efficiency .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1922

Emily C. Warmann, Carissa Eisler, Emily Kosten, Matthew Escarra, Harry A. Atwater

ß-NaYF4:Er3+ Nanocrystal Films as a Spectral Converter to Improve Photoconversion Efficiency of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ........................................................................................................................................ 1926

Sanghun Woo, John A. Stride, Peter J. Reece, Shujuan Huang, Richard P. Corkish, Gavin J. Conibeer

DEVICE PROPERTIES AND MANUFACTURING ISSUES Initiation Of The Cadmium Chloride Assisted Re-Crystallization Process Of Magnetron Sputtered Thin Film CdTe ............................................................................................................................................................... 1930

A. Abbas, B. Maniscalco, J. W. Bowers, P. M. Kaminski, G. D. West, J. M. Walls

Calyxo’s Advanced CdTe Module Designed For Hot Climates ................................................................................... 1935Michael Bauer, Jochen Frenck, Jochen Fritsche, Frank Becker, Kenneth R. Kormanyos

CIGS Sputtering Targets Fabricated From Reclaimed Materials............................................................................... 1938R. Y. Bekele, J. A. Frantz, J. D. Myers, V. Q. Nguyen, J. S. Sanghera, A. Bruce, S. V. Frolov, M. Cyrus

Recombination Stability in Polycrystalline Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films ......................................................................... 1941Marie Buffiere, Guy Brammertz, Abdel-Aziz El Mel, Nick Lenaers, Yi Ren, Armin E. Zaghi, Yves Mols, Christine Koeble, Jef Vleugels, Marc Meuris, Jef Poortmans

Evidence for CdTe1-xSx Compound Formation in CdTe Solar Cells from High-Precision, Temperature-Dependent Device Measurements ........................................................................................................... 1945

Alan E. Delahoy, Zimeng Cheng, Ken K. Chin

Enhancement of Efficiency in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Solar Cells Grown by Sputtering.............................................. 1949Tara P. Dhakal, Dasharathy N. Ramesh, R. Reid Tobias, Chien-Yi Peng, Charles R. Westgate

Optimization of Ga Content and Grading in the Solibro CIGS Production Line ...................................................... 1953J. Djordjevic-Reiss, S. Weeke, T. Jarmar, M. Zimmer, S. Jander, E. Wallin, O. Lundberg, R. Hunger, D. Herrmann, P. Kratzert, L. Stolt

Selenium Flux Effects on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Growth Rate, and Control by In-line X-ray Fluorescence ........................ 1957Daniel J. Dwyer, Sandra B. Schujman, Jennifer A. Novak, David J. Metacarpa, Pradeep Haldar

1D Fast Transient Simulator for Modeling CdS/CdTe Solar Cells ............................................................................. 1961Da Guo, Dragica Vasileska

Device Comparison of Champion Nanocrystal-Ink based CZTSSe and CIGSSe Solar Cells: Capacitance Spectroscopy............................................................................................................................................... 1966

Charles J. Hages, Nathaniel J. Carter, James Moore, Steven M. McLeod, Caleb K. Miskin, Chinmay Joglekar, Mark S. Lundstrom, Rakesh Agrawal

Evaluation of Reactive Sputtering of ZnS in Ar-O2 Environment as a Pathway to Zn(O,S) Thin-Films ................ 1972Ankush Halbe, Graeme Housser, Michael Gardner, Timothy Groves, Pradeep Haldar

Highly Ordered Nano-Cone Back Reflector Arrays for Ultra Performance CIGS Cells .......................................... 1977Liming Ji, Wook Jun Nam, Stephen Fonash

Long-term Efficiency Gain of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell ............................................................................................... 1980Deok-In Kim, Sang-Wook Park, Soon-Rok Park, Ju-Young Baek, Tae-Young Yun, Hye-Jin Han, Chan-Wook Jeon

Theoretical Study of Zn and Cd Interstitials and Substitutional Interstitials in CuInSe2 via Hybrid Functional Calculations................................................................................................................................................... 1983

Janos Kiss, Guido Roma, Claudia Felser

Multichannel Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for CdTe Photovoltaics: From Real-Time Monitoring to Large-Scale Mapping ...................................................................................................................................................... 1987

Prakash Koirala, Jie Chen, Xinxuan Tan, Nikolas J. Podraza, Sylvain Marsillac, Angus A. Rockett, Robert W. Collins

Effect of Buffer Layer Composition and Surface Features on Large Area and High Efficiency CuInxGa1-xSe2 Solar Cells............................................................................................................................................. 1992

T. Prem Kumar, Maeng Jun Kim, Hojung Jeong, Sehyun Hwang, N. L. Tarwal, Yon Kil Jeong, Jae Hyung Jang

Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Film CdTe/CdS Solar Cells with CdS/ZnS Superlattice Windows....................... 1996Jake Meeth, Paul Harrison, Jianwei Liu, Bing Li, Rongtao Lu, Lianghuan Feng, Judy Wu

Cost Analysis and Criteria for Achieving the SunShot Target of $0.5/Wp Manufacturing Cost Using Flexible Thin Film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells. ............................................................................................................... 2000

David Metacarpa, Nirav Vora, Jake Whitbeck, Adam Garney, Daniel Dwyer, Pradeep Haldar

Structural, Chemical and Luminescent Investigation of MBE- and CSS-Deposited CdTe Thin-Films for Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................. 2003

John Moseley, Helio Moutinho, Manuel Romero, Kim Jones, Yanfa Yan, Mowafak Al-Jassim, Richard Ahrenkiel

Bridging the Gap: Modeling the Variation due to Grain Size Distribution in CdTe Solar Cells.............................. 2007Elif S. Mungan, Sourabh Dongaonkar, Muhammad A. Alam

CuIn1-xAlxSe2Solar Cells Fabricated on theFlexible Substrates by Co-Sputtering and Modified Selenization ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2011

Banavoth Murali, S. B. Krupanidhi

Tailoring the Cu(In, Al)S2 Nanostructures for Photonic Applications ....................................................................... 2017Banavoth Murali, S. B. Krupanidhi

Feasibility Study of Homojunction CIGS Solar Cells................................................................................................... 2023Naoyuki Nakagawa, Soichiro Shibasaki, Hiroki Hiraga, Mutsuki Yamazaki, Kazushige Yamamoto, Shinya Sakurada

Multi Layered Anti-Reflective Coatings for Ultra-Thin CIGS Solar Cells................................................................. 2026Grace Rajan, Abdel-Rahman Ibdah, Krishna Aryal, Robert W. Collins, Sylvain Marsillac

Etching Effect of CdTe Absorber on the Stability of Thin Film Solar Cell Devices................................................... 2029Ivan Rimmaudo, Andrei Salavei, Francesca Rossi, Claudio Ferrari, Alessandro Romeo

The Investigation of TCO/CdS/CdTe Heterojunctions by C-U and C-f Measurements: Experiment and Modeling ................................................................................................................................................................... 2034

Corneliu Rotaru, Sergiu Vatavu, Vladimir Fedorov, Petru Gasin, Martha Lux-Steiner, Chris Ferekides, Marin Rusu

Investigation of the CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells with Post-Selenized Absorbers Deposited by Sputtering From a Single Quaternary Target Using Electrical Characterization Methods...................................... 2039

Yue-Shun Su, Chia-Hao Hsu, Chuan Chang, Chih-Huang Lai

Solar Cell Structures Based on ZnO/CdS Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays Embedded in Cu2ZnSnS4 Light Absorber................................................................................................................................................................. 2042

Weiwei Sun, Matthew Brozak, Johnathan C. Armstrong, Jingbiao Cui

In-situ Analysis of the Degradation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells ................................................................................ 2047Mirjam Theelen, Mathieu Tomassini, Henk Steijvers, Zeger Vroon, Nicolas Barreau, Miro Zeman

Thin Film Solar Cell Performance Limits And Potential ............................................................................................. 2052Marko Topic, Benjamin Lipovšek, Andrej Campa, Janez Krc, James R. Sites

Substrate-Type Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells with All Layers Deposited by Non-Vacuum Solution-Based Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3475Shinsuke Nagino, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Shigehiro Ueno Progress Towards Modeling Microstructure Evolution in Polycrystalline Films for Solar Cell Applications...................................................................................................................................................................... 2056

Yunbo Wang, David R. Ely, R. Edwin García

Development of an Efficient Substrate Heating Assembly for High Efficiency CIGS Solar Cells Over 30 Cm X 30 cm-area for an In-Line Pilot Evaporation System ................................................................................... 2060

Zhengfei Wei, Prabhakara R. Bobbili, Terry Shimell, Hari M. Upadhyaya

Evaluation of CIGS Cell Interconnection Methods ...................................................................................................... 2064Fadong Yan, David J. Metacarpa, R. Sundaramoorthy, Dave Fobare, Pradeep Haldar

Electroluminescence and Thermal Imaging of Large-Area Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Modules ................................................. 2068Guozhen Yue, Dingyuan Lu, Kim Moritomo, Baosheng Sang, B. J. Stanbery

CPV SOLAR CELLS 4 Junction Dilute Nitride Solar Cell Optimization: Comparing Current Matching Approaches in Detailed Balance Algorithms .......................................................................................................................................... 2073

Gilbert Arbez, Alex Walker, Matthew Wilkins, Jeffrey F. Wheeldon, Anna Trojnar, Robert Li, Karin Hinzer, Henry Schriemer

Arsenic Source Flow Rate Dependence of Minority Carrier Lifetime in GaAsN Grown by Chemical Beam Epitaxy ................................................................................................................................................................... 2078

Boussairi Bouzazi, Maki Aisaka, Nobuaki Kojima, Yoshio Ohshita, Masafumi Yamaguchi

Modeling an InGaP/AlGaAs Tunnel Junction Containing an AlAs Diffusion Barrier.............................................. 2082John Hauser, Zachary Carlin, Jeff Harmon, Geoffrey Bradshaw, Joshua Samberg, Peter Colter, Salah Bedair

Improved the Current Matching of the Middle-Cell Current-Limited Triple-Junction GaAs/Ge Solar Cells After Epitaxial Grown Using Matrix Profile TiO2 Layer and Indium Nanoparticles Plasmonics.................. 2086

Wen-Jeng Ho, Yi-Yu Lee, Jheng-Jie Liu, Chi-He Lin, Yung-Ching Chiu, Hung-Pin Shiao

Influence of Barrier Thickness Modulation of InGaN/GaN MQW Solar Cells.......................................................... 2089Chi-Chang Hsieh, Fang-I Lai, Hsun-Wen Wang

Preferential N-H Bond Orientation in GaAsN Grown by Chemical Beam Epitax .................................................... 2092Kazuma Ikeda, Makoto Inagaki, Nobuaki Kojima, Yoshio Ohshita, Masafumi Yamaguchi

Effects of in Situ Annealing on GaInNAs Solar Cells ................................................................................................... 2095Sarah Kurtz, Richard King, Daniel Law, Aaron Ptak, John Geisz, Nasser Karam

GaAsP Solar Cells on GaP/Si Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy............................................................................. 2100Jordan R. Lang, Joseph Faucher, Stephanie Tomasulo, Kevin Nay Yaung, Minjoo Larry Lee

SiO2/ZnSeAnti-Reflection Coating for Solar Cells ....................................................................................................... 2105Shi Liu, Jacob Becker, Stuart Farrell, Weiquan Yang, Yong-Hang Zhang

Device Structure Engineering of GaInNAsSb/GaAs Heterojunction Solar Cells....................................................... 2109Naoya Miyashita, Muhammad Monirul Islam, Nazmul Ahsan, Yoshitaka Okada

Advanced Tunneling Models for Solar Cell Applications ............................................................................................ 2113Pradyumna Muralidharan, Dragica Vasileska, Stephen M. Goodnick

Thin Film Microcells for Concentrated Applications ................................................................................................... 2118Myriam Paire, Laurent Lombez, Amaury Delamarre, Stéphane Collin, Jean-Luc Pelouard, Jean-François Guillemoles, Daniel Lincot

Ultra-low Resistance NiGeAu and PdGeAu Ohmic Contacts On N-GaSb Grown On GaAs.................................... 2123Nassim Rahimi, Andrew A. Aragon, Orlando S. Romero, Darryl M. Shima, Tom J. Rotter, Ganesh Balakrishnan, Sayan D. Mukherjee, Luke F. Lester

Study of Semiconductor Nitrides Thin Films for Photovoltaic (PV) Applications ..................................................... 2127G. Santana-Rodríguez, O. De Melo, M. López-López, F. De Moure Flores, L. A. Hernández-Hernández, J. Aguilar-Hernández, R. Mendoza-Pérez, J. B. Rojas-Trigos, G. Contreras-Puente, L. Zamora

Resistance Considerations for Stacked Small Multi Photovoltaic Cells...................................................................... 2131Anna Tauke-Pedretti, Jeffrey Cederberg, Gregory Nielson, Jose Luis Cruz-Campa, Carlos Sanchez, Charles Alford, Murat Okandan, Erik Skogen, Anthony Lentine

Numerical Study of In0.15ga0.85N/GaN MQW Solar Cells with Varying Well Band Structure ............................. 2136Hsun-Wen Wang, Chi-Chang Hsieh, Fang-I Lai, Shiuan-Huei Lin, Hao-Chung Kuo

Design Constraints of n-p InGaAsN Dilute Nitride Sub-Cells for 3- and 4- Junction Solar Cell Applications Under Concentrated Illumination............................................................................................................ 2139

Matthew Wilkins, Alex Walker, Jeffrey F. Wheeldon, Gilbert Arbez, Henry Schriemer, Karin Hinzer

Induced Junction III-Nitride Solar Cells for Wide Band Gap Solar Cells: Modeling Charge Transport and Band Bending in Polarized Material....................................................................................................................... 2144

Joshua J. Williams, Kunal Ghosh, Nikolai N. Faleev, Todd L Williamson, Christiana B. Honsberg

Strain Balanced Double Quantum Well Tunnel Junctions .......................................................................................... 2147Michael K. Yakes, Matthew P. Lumb, Christopher G. Bailey, Maria Gonzalez, Robert J. Walters

Optimization of Bonded III-V on Si Multi-Junction Solar Cells ................................................................................. 2151Jingfeng Yang, Rafael Kleiman

InGaN-Based Multiple Quantum Well Photovoltaic Cells with Good Open-Circuit Voltage and Concentration Behavior .................................................................................................................................................. 2154

Xinhe Zheng, Dongyan Zhang, Xuefei Li, Yuanyuan Wu, Haixiao Wang, Xingyuan Gan, Naiming Wang, Hui Yang

INDUSTRIAL SOLAR CELL PROCESSING Surface Texturization of Silicon Wafers: A Comparative Experimental Investigation for Bulk, Industrial Application ..................................................................................................................................................... 2157

Sudhir Ranjan, Christopher G. Edwards, B. Erik Ydstie

30µm Fine-Line Printing for Solar Cells........................................................................................................................ 2162Mari Aoki, Kyotaro Nakamura, Tomihisa Tachibana, Isao Sumita1, Hideaki Hayashi, Hideaki Asada, Yoshio Ohshita

Fabricating High Efficiency Solar Cells with High Sheet Resistance Emitters by Ion Implantation and Contact Resistance Modeling.......................................................................................................................................... 2167

Vikram Bhosle, Basil Tsefrekas, Hans-Joachim L. Gossmann, Christopher E. Dube

Front-Side Ag Contacts Enabling Superior Recombination and Fine-Line Performance ........................................ 2171M. Z. Burrows, A. Meisel, D. Balakrishnan, A. Tran, D. Inns, E. Kim, A. F. Carroll, K. R. Mikeska

Improvement of the Solar Cell Efficiency by Fine Line Print on Print Technology .................................................. 2176Yu-Hsuan Chang, Wei-Ming Su, Po-Sheng Huang, Li-Wei Cheng

High Efficiency Screen-Printed156cm2Solar Cellson ThinEpitaxiallyGrownSiliconMaterial ................................. 2179Chia-Wei Chen, Ajay Upadhyaya, Ruiying Hao, Vijaykumar Upadhyaya, Jim Keane, Francesco Zimbardi, Malka Kadish, Ivan Pham, Steven Ning, K. V. Ravi, T. S. Ravi, Ajeet Rohatgi

Effects of Process on Interfacial Adhesion Strength of Ag-Si for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells............................. 2183Chuanke Chen, Hong Yang, He Wang, Dingyue Cao, Xiandao Lei

Metallization Optimization for high Efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Low-Temperature Paste Screen Printing ............................................................................................................................... 2187

Yi-Jiunn Chien, Ming-Yu Chen, Jay Chang, John Sq Liu, Ya-Lan Chang, Ming-Yi Huang, Po-Chuan Yang

Commercial Size Multicrytalline Silicon Solar Cell with Ion Implant Emitter.......................................................... 2191Abasifreke Ebong, Yizhe Wang, Guangyao Jin, Timothy Zhou

High Efficiency at Module Level with Almost No Cell Metallisation: Multiple Wire Interconnection of Reduced Metal Solar Cells .............................................................................................................................................. 2195

Matthew Edwards, Jingjia Ji, Adeline Sugianto, Thomas Soederstroem, Rainer Griscke, Linda Koschier, Rhett Evans, Alison Lennon, Nitin Nampalli, Stuart Wenham

Laser Fired Contact for n-Type Crystalline Si Solar Cell ............................................................................................ 2201Jianbo He, Steven Hegedus, Ujjwal Das, Zhan Shu, Murray Bennett, Robert Birkmire

Sn-Bi Light-Induced Plating for Interconnection of Silicon Solar Cells ..................................................................... 2205Pei-Chieh Hsiao, Alison Lennon

Backsheet Metallization of IBC Silicon Solar Cells ...................................................................................................... 2209Pei-Chieh Hsiao, Alison Lennon

Design and Photovoltaic Performance of Nanorod Solar Cells with Amorphous Silicon Absorber Layer Thickness of Only 25 nm ...................................................................................................................................... 2212

Yinghuan Kuang, Karine H. M. Van Der Werf, Z. Silvester Houweling, Marcel Di Vece, Ruud E. I. Schropp

Comparison of Large Area High Ohmic Emitter Silicon Solar Cells with Standard Screen-Printed Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2217

Rahul Khandelwal, Horst Windgassen, Justus Van Mölken, Tobias Markus Pletzer, Heinrich Kurz

High Efficiency Large-Area Multi-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using Reactive Ion Etching Technique ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2221

Ta-Ming Kuan, Chih-Chiang Huang, Li-Guo Wu, Cheng-Yeh Yu

Process Optimization for Potential Induced Degradation Improvement on Cell Level............................................. 2224Ta-Ming Kuan, Chih-Chiang Huang, Li-Guo Wu, Yu-Chih Chan, Cheng-Yeh Yu

Effects of Surface Roughness on Aluminum Local Back Surface Field Silicon Wafer Solar Cells........................... 2227Yu-Hsuan Lin, Sung-Yu Chen, Chen-Hsun Du, Shih-Peng Hsu, Bing-Cyun Chen Der-Chin Wu

Investigation of XeF2 Dry Etching for Contact Isolation of Screen Printed IBC Solar Cell..................................... 2230M. Khairunaz, Suhaila Sapeai, A. W Azhari, K. Sopian, Saleem H. Zaidi

Chemical Vapor Deposition of PureB Layers for Solar Cell Application ................................................................... 2234K. R. C. Mok, A. H. G. Vlooswijk, J. Derakhshandeh, L. K. Nanver

TexturizationControlfor Fabrication of High Efficiency MonoCrystalline Si Solar Cell .......................................... 2239Kyotaro Nakamura, Mari Aoki, Isao Sumita, Hironori Sato, Yuji Kumagai, Yasushi Kawata, Yoshio Ohshita

Improvement of the Emitter Properties by Controlling the Interface Between Dopant and Substrate in Laser Doping for Textured Silicon............................................................................................................................. 2243

Hideki Nishimura, Shigeaki Tanaka, Shota Morisaki, Shingo Yumoto, Takashi Fuyuki

Effect of Al Content on the Performance of Ag/Al Screen Printed Ntype Si Solar cells............................................ 2247Young-Woo Ok, Ajay D. Upadhyaya, Francesco Zimbardi, Yuguo Tao, Ian B. Cooper, Ajeet Rohatgi, Alan F. Carroll, Terry Suess

Development of a High-Throughput Fine Line Metallization Process Using CFD-Simulation................................. 2250M. Pospischil, M. Klawitter, M. Kuchler, J. Specht, H. Gentischer, R. Efinger, M. König, M. Hörteis, C. Mohr, L. Wende, J. Lossen, M. Weiss, O. Doll, I. Köhler, R. Zengerlef, F. Clement, D. Biro

Analyzing Impact of Background Plating from Alkaline Ni bath for Ni-Cu metallization ....................................... 2254Mehul C. Raval, Amruta Joshi, Chetan S. Solanki

p+ Emitters on n-type c-Si Using Rapid Thermal Annealing of PECVD a-Si Films and Aluminum Metallization .................................................................................................................................................................... 2257

Tim Reblitz, Clarence Tracy, Bill Dauksher, Stanislau Herasimenka, Stuart Bowden

Evaluation and Investigation of Laser Doping by a Double-Gaussian Shaped Beam Profile ................................... 2263Ali Safiei, Karl Wolter, Michael Nagel, Horst Windgassen, Heinrich Kurz

A Novel Low-Cost Method for Fabricating Bifacial Solar Cells.................................................................................. 2268S. Saha, R. A. Rao, L. Mathew, M. Ainom, S. K. Banerjee

Ion-implanted High-Efficiency Solar Cells on Cast Monocrystalline Silicon ............................................................. 2272Manav Sheoran, Nicholas Bateman, Ji Li, Jiali Li, Jiaxing Bao, Ruiping Wang, Xusheng Wang

Progress on the Hydrogen Selective Emitter for N-type Solar Cells ........................................................................... 2276Seth Shumate, Matthew G. Young, Hafeezuddin M. Khaja, Douglas Hutchings, Larry Cousar, Shui-Qing Yu, Hameed Naseem

Combining Design of Experiments and Power Loss Computations to Study the Screen Printing Process .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2280

S. Thibert, J. Jourdan, B. Bechevet, J. Faissat, S. Mialon, D. Chaussy, N. Reverdy-Bruas, D. Beneventi

All-Laser-Transfer Process for Silicon Solar Cells ....................................................................................................... 2284Longteng Wang, David E. Carlson, Mool C. Gupta

Optimization of Local Contact Formation on Screen-printed Al2O3 Passivated Solar Cells ................................... 2288Jing Xie, Jian Wu, Xusheng Wang, Lingjun Zhang

Low Cost Rear Ag Paste Using Doping Silver Plated-Coated Copper and Tin Powder Under N2 Protection Firing .............................................................................................................................................................. 2292

Jing Yang, Wenzhong Shen, Lingjun Zhang, Xusheng, Wang, Yanbin Xue, Yanqi Li

SOLAR RESOURCE AND GRID INTEGRATION Clearness-Based Sky Taxonomy for One Year Irradiance Data Collected at BNL ................................................... 2295

Alessandra Colli, Willem J. Zaaiman, Diego Pavanello, John Heiser, Scott Smith

An Electronic Curve Tracing System for Evaluating the Impact of Cloud Shadow Movement on PV Panels and Microinverters .............................................................................................................................................. 2301

W. Mack Grady, Ian Gravagne, Leslie Libby, Holly Thomas

Effect of Reactive Power Management of PV Inverters on Need for Energy Storage ............................................... 2304Seyedmostafa Hashemi, Jacob Østergaard, Guangya Yang

Voltage Sensitivity Study of LV/MV Networks Under High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Considering Residential and Industrial Load Profiles ................................................................................................. 2309

Maryam Hashemi Namin, Vassilios G. Agelidis

A Study of Large-Scale PV System Design Considering PV Generation Distribution .............................................. 2315Hiroo Konishi

Collection and Storage of Direct Spectral Irradiance and DNI Datasets with High Temporal Resolution for CPV Energy Yield Assessments............................................................................................................. 2320

Jafaru Mohammed, Mark Yandt, Matthew Wilkins, Aaron Muron, Trevor J. Hall, Joan E. Haysom, Karin Hinzer, Henry Schriemer

Modeling The Environmental Impact of PV and Wind Large Scale Penetration in Regional Grids ....................... 2326Thomas Nikolakakis, Vasilis Fthenakis

PV Microinverter Testbed for Interoperability ............................................................................................................ 2331Jimmy E. Quiroz, Sigifredo Gonzalez, Joshua S. Stein

Reduction of Distribution Feeders for Simplified PV Impact Studies......................................................................... 2337Matthew J. Reno, Kyle Coogan, Robert Broderick, Santiago Grijalva

Estimation of Roof-top Photovoltaic Potential Using Satellite Imagery and GIS ...................................................... 2343Rhythm Singh, Rangan Banerjee

Assessing Cloud Transient Impacts on Grid with Solar and Battery Energy Systems .............................................. 2348Meng Yue, Xiaoyu Wang

Power Ramp Limitationand Frequency Support in Large Scale PVPPs Without Storage ....................................... 2354Bogdan-Ionut Craciun, Sergiu Spataru, Tamás Kerekes, Dezso Séra, Remus Teodorescu

PV VELOCITY FORUM The PV Industry in Argentina: Market, Policy and Technology Development.......................................................... 2360

J. Bragagnolo, M. Alvarez, R. Pedace, A. Zitzer, J. C. Durán

The Resilience of PV during Natural Disasters: The Hurricane Sandy Case ............................................................. 2364Vasilis Fthenakis

Evaluation of Cell to Module Losses for n-type IBC Solar Cells Assembled with State of the Art Consumables and Production Equipment ..................................................................................................................... 2368

A. Halm, A. Schneider, V. D. Mihailetchi, J. Libal, S. Aulehla, G. Galbiati, R. Roescu, C. Comparotto, R. Kopecek, K. Peter

Creating a Balance of Cost, Reliability, and Maintainability for Utility-Scale PV Power Plants ............................. 2373John Hoffner, Kurt Lyell, Jaya Jackson, Scott Stibrich, Jack Whittier, Richard Campbell, David Krick, Beth Dart

Very Large Scale PV Systems for North-East Asia: Preliminary project proposals for VLS-PV in the Mongolian Gobi desert .................................................................................................................................................... 2376

Keiichi Komoto, Namjil Enebish, Jinsoo Song

Thin Film Technology Shipment and Deployment, 1982 through 2012 and Future Prospects to 2016.................... 2380Paula Mints

Assessing the Formation of Misconceptions When Students Learn PV Using Current Curricular Tools.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2383

Katherine G. Nelson, Sarah Brem, Christina H. Foster, Stuart Bowden, Jenefer Husman, Christiana Honsberg

Student-Led Solar Cell Fabrication Pilot Line: Engaging the Next Generation of PV Engineers ............................ 2389Guy Pickett, Stuart Bowden, Jenefer Husman, Krista Ross, Duane Shell, Katherine Nelson

Towards Anticipatory Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaics ................................................................................... 2392T. R. Dwarakanath, Benjamin A. Wender, Thomas Seager, Matthew P. Fraser

Feed-in Tariff Program and Its Impact on PV Market in Japan................................................................................. 2394Haruki Yamaya, Takashi Ohigashi, Hiroshi Matsukawa, Izumi Kaizuka, Osamu Ikki

Fluorinated Wastewater Abatement Method and Clean Productionin Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Manufacturing ................................................................................................................................................................. 2399

Zhang Jia, Lv Fang, Li Hailing, Wang Wenjing, Liu Xiuqiong, Ma Liyun

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: NOVEL MATERIALS Radial Junction Nanopillar Arrays Textured N-type Silicon Solar Cells ................................................................... 2404

Pushpa Raj Pudasaini, David Elam, Arturo A. Ayon

Interface Stoichiometry Control in ZnO/Cu2O Photovoltaic Devices......................................................................... 2410Samantha S. Wilson, Yulia Tolstova, Harry A. Atwater

Effective Inorganic-Organic Composite Electrolytes for Efficient Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2414

M. Shaheer Akhtar, Zhen Yu Li, Woojin Lee, O-Bong Yang

Growth and Characterization of Close-spaced Sublimation Zinc Phosphide Thin Films ......................................... 2417Alex Cimaroli, Naba R. Paudel, Yanfa Yan

Optimization of a Single Crystalline-Like Germanium Thin Film Growth on Inexpensive Flexible Substrates and Fabrication of Germanium Bottom Junction ...................................................................................... 2420

Ying Gao, Renjie Wang, Pavel Dutta, Venkat Selvamanickam

Growth of n-type InGaN Nanorods on p-type Silicon Substrates Dependent on III/V Ratio ................................... 2425S. M. Hamad, D. P. Norman, F. Keles, H. W. Seo

Embedded InN Dot-Like Structure Within InGaN Layers Using Gradient-Indium Content in Nitride-Based Solar Cell ............................................................................................................................................................... 2428

Lung-Hsing Hsu, Chien-Chung Lin, Ming-Hsuan Tan, Yun-Ling Yeh, Da-Wei Lin, Hau-Vei Han, Hao-Chung Kuo

Optimized Scribing of TCO Layers on Glass by Selective Femtosecond Laser Ablation.......................................... 2432Stephan Krause, Paul-T. Miclea, Stefan Schweizer, Gerhard Seifert

Doping of Monolayer Graphene for Silicon Based Schottky Junction Solar Cells..................................................... 2436Yi-Chun Lai, Bing-Shu Wu, Shu-Cheng Yu, Peichen Yu,

Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Silicon Nanocrystals Fabricated by ICPCVD for Next Generation Photovoltaics ................................................................................................................................................ 2439

Narasimha Rao Mavilla, C. S. Solanki, J. Vasi

Growth of Vertical Silicon Nanowires Array Using Electrochemical Alternative ..................................................... 2443Van Hoang Nguyen, Haruna Watanabe, Yusuke Hoshi, Takanori Kiguchi, Toyohiko Konno, Seiji Samukawa, Noritaka Usami

Fabrication of Si1-xGex Heterojunction Solar Cells Grown with Stepwise Graded Buffer Layers ......................... 2447Ryuji Oshima, Mitsuyuki Yamanaka, Hitoshi Kawanami, Hidetaka Takato, Koji Matsubara, Isao Sakata

Development of SnS/In2S3 Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Solar Cell Application ...................................................... 2452C. Prastani, M. Nanu, D. E. Nanu, R. E. I. Schropp, J. K. Rath

High Photo-Current Generation in a Three-Dimensional Silicon Quantum Dot Superlattice Fabricated by Combination of Bio-Template and Neutral Beam Etching for Quantum Dot Solar Cell.................. 2456

Mohammad Maksudur Rahman, Makoto Igarashi, Weiguo Hu, Mohd Erman Syazwan, Yusuke Hoshi, Noritaka Usami, Seiji Samukawa

Isolation and Characterization of Large-Area GaSb Membranes Grown on GaAs Substrates ............................... 2459Emma J. Renteria, Pankaj Ahirwar, Stephen P. R. Clark, Orlando S. Romero, Sadhvikas Addamane, Chris P. Hains, Tom J. Rotter, Larry R. Dawson, Olga Lavrova, Luke F. Lester, Ganesh Balakrishnan

GaInP Window Layers for GaAsP on SiGe/Si Single and Dual-Junction Solar Cells ............................................... 2462Kenneth J. Schmieder, Andrew Gerger, Ziggy Pulwin, Li Wang, Martin Diaz, Michael Curtin, Chris Ebert, Anthony Lochtefeld, Robert L. Opila, Allen Barnett

Effect of c-Si Doping Density on Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT) Radial Junction Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 2466

Haoting Shen, Yu Yuwen, Xin Wang, J. Israel. Ramirez, Yuanyuan V. Li, Yue Ke, Chito E. Kendrick, Nikolas J. Podraza, Thomas N. Jackson, Elizabeth C. Dickey, Theresa S. Mayer, Joan M. Redwing

Demonstration of Nitride-on-Phosphide Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells by Using Surface-Activated Bonding............................................................................................................................................................................. 2470

Naoteru Shigekawa, Jianbo Liang, Noriyuki Watanabe

The Potential of GaAsBiN for Multi-Junction Solar Cells ........................................................................................... 2474Stephen John Sweeney, Konstanze Hild, Shirong Jin

Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications .............................................. 2479L. Tian, G. Giusti, A. Soum-Glaude, C. Y. Dan, L. Cagnon, F. Volpi, A. Mantoux, S. Daniele, E. Blanquet, D. Bellet

Tunnel-Junction-Free GaAs/Si Tandem Solar Cells by Self-Aligned Wafer Bonding Technology .......................... 2483Ruizhe Yao, Zihao Wang, Jacob Kuperinik, Weiming Wang, Wei Guo

Hybrid Multi-Layer Graphene/Si Schottky Junction Solar Cells................................................................................ 2486Bing-Shu Wu, Yi-Chun Lai, Yuan-Hung Cheng, Shu-Cheng Yu, Peichen Yu, Gou-Chung Chi

Optical Absorption by E+ Miniband of GaAs:N d-Doped Superlattices .................................................................... 2490Shuhei Yagi, Shunsuke Noguchi, Yasuto Hijikata, Shigeyuki Kuboya, Kentaro Onabe, Yoshitaka Okada, Hiroyuki Yaguchi

Cr-doped ZnS for Intermediate Band Solar Cells ........................................................................................................ 2494Xiaodong Yang, Mohammadreza Nematollahi, Ursula N. Gibson, Turid Worren Reenaas

Combinatorial Approach to Correlations of Properties in Copper Nitride................................................................ 2498Andriy Zakutayev, Christopher M. Caskey, Ryan M. Richards, Philip A. Parilla, John. D. Perkins, David S. Ginley

Experimental Evaluation of ITO, AZO, TiO2 and CNT Compounds as Transparent Conductive Layers for Flexible PV Structures.................................................................................................................................. 2501

Katarzyna Znajdek, Maciej Sibinski, Malgorzata Jakubowska, Marcin Sloma, Michal Górski, Katarzyna Tadaszak

ABSORBER FORMATION AND CHARACETRIZATION 2 Development of CZTS Thin Films by Non-Vacuum, Liquid-Based Techniques for Efficient, Low-Cost CZTS Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................................. 2506

Deidra Hodges, Brett Jones, Toussaint Moseley, Aaron Love, Caleb Burke, Edward Jones, Irina Tyx, Manoj Chaulogain, Ophelia Johnson

Benign Solution Processed Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 Photovoltaic ........................................................................................... 2511Chia-Jung Hsu, Hsin-Sheng Duan, Wenbing Yang, Huanping Zhou, Yang Yang

CdTe vs. GaAs Solar Cells – A Modeling Case Study with Preliminary Experimental Results ............................... 2515Alexander P. Kirk, Michael J. Dinezza, Shi Liu, Xin-Hao Zhao, Yong-Hang Zhang

Type Conversion of p-SnS to n-SnS Using a SnCl4/CH3OH Heat Treatment ........................................................... 2518P. A. Nwofe, K. T. Ramakrishna Reddy, R. W. Miles

Preparation and Evaluation of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Using Non Vacuum Low Cost Technique......................... 2524Bhagyashre Pani, Udai P. Singh

MoSe2 Formation During Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell Absorbers by Using Stacked Elemental Layer Precursor and Selenization at High Temperatures.......................................................................... 2528

Sebastian S. Schmidt, Christian Wolf, Niklas Papathanasiou, Rutger Schlatmann, Carola Klimm, Manuela Klaus, Christoph Genzel, Maik Billing, Hans-Werner Schock

Heteroepitaxy and the Performance of CIGS Solar Cells. ........................................................................................... 2534Sang Ho Song, Stephen A. Campbell

The Performance of Nanocrystalline CuInS2/In2S3/SnO2 Heterojunction Solar Cells Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis ............................................................................................................................................... 2540

Zhaoning Song, Adam B. Phillips, Yao Xie, Rajendra R. Khanal, Michael J. Heben

CZTS Solar Cells With 5.75% Efficiency Using Sputtered Precursors ...................................................................... 2545Amin Emrani, Parag Vasekar, Charles R. Westgate

CZTSe Devices Fabricated From CZTSSe Nanoparticles............................................................................................ 2548Bryce C. Walker, Bethlehem G. Negash, Stephen M. Szczepaniak, Kevin W. Brew, Rakesh Agrawal

Synthesis and Structural Characterizations of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films..................................................................... 2552Liyuan Zhang, Xin Zhang, Sreejith Karthikeyan, Stephen A. Campbell

Solution Processed Cu(In,Ga)S2 for Nanowire Solar Cells.......................................................................................... 2557J. C. Armstrong, J. B. Cui

Phase Identification of RF-Sputtered SnS Thin Films Using Rietveld Analysis of X-ray Diffraction Patterns............................................................................................................................................................................. 2562

Rona E. Banai, Hyeonseok Lee, Sivan Zlotnikov, Jeffrey R. S. Brownson, Mark W. Horn

Micro-Raman/PL and Micro-LBIC Studies of CZTSe Materials and PV Devices .................................................... 2567Qiong Chen, Naili Yue, Yong Zhang

Impact of the Cu-poor to Cu-rich Transition Speed and Mo Back Contact Porosity on the Electrical and Structural Properties of CIGS-Based Solar Cells.................................................................................................. 2572

Tomasz Drobiazg, Pawel Zabierowski, Nicolas Barreau, L. Arzel, Mathieu Tomassini

Evaluation of Two-stage CuInGaSe2 Evaporation For Manufacturing Scale-up ...................................................... 2576Daniel Dwyer, Jonathan Mann, Amara Conteh, J. Nicholas Alexander, David Metacarpa, Pradeep Haldar

Selective Detection of Secondary Phases in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Based Absorbers by Pre-Resonant Raman Spectroscopy ....................................................................................................................................................... 2581

Xavier Fontané, Victor Izquierdo-Roca, Andrew Fairbrother, Moisés Espíndola-Rodríguez, Simón López-Marino, Marcel Placidi, Tariq Jawhari, Edgardo Saucedo, Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez

Synthesis and Study of Properties of CZTS Thin Films Grown Using a Novel Solution-Based Chemical Route................................................................................................................................................................ 2585

H. Suarez, J. M. Correa, S. D. Cruz, C. A. Otalora, M. Hurtado, G. Gordillo

The Effects of Pressure on the Fabrication of CdS/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells Made via Pulsed Laser Deposition ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2590

Paul Harrison, Jake Meeth, Bing Li, Jianwei Liu, Rongtao Lu, Lianghuan Feng, Judy Wu

Grain Growth of CZTSSe Via Nanocrystal Selenization ............................................................................................. 2594Wan-Ching Hsu, Huanping Zhou, Song Luo, Shenglin Ye, Tze-Bin Song, Yang Yang

CuSbS2-based Thin Film Solar Cells Prepared from Electrodeposited Metallic Stacks Composed of Cu and Sb Layers ............................................................................................................................................................ 2598

Shigeru Ikeda, Yuta Iga, Wilman Septina, Takashi Harada, Michio Matsumura

Bandgap Tuning and Morphology Amelioration of Sol-gel Derived Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Thin Films by Selenium Incorporation ............................................................................................................................................. 2602

Minlin Jiang, Fanan Wei, Fei Lan, Guangyong Li, Xingzhong Yan

Optical Absorption Measurements in the Wavelength Range 1.3-1.6 microns in Bridgman CuInSe2 Grown from Melts with Added Sodium......................................................................................................................... 2605

An Qi Jin, C. H. Champness, H. F. Myers, I. Shih

Optical Metrology for Real Time Control of Elemental Composition, Distribution, and Thickness of Cu(In1-xGax)Se2Thin Films........................................................................................................................................... 2609

Jian Li, Miguel Contreras, John Scharf, Matthew Young, Thomas E. Furtak, Rommel Noufi, Dean Levi

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers Prepared by One-step Sputtering Process with Cu-rich Quaternary Target .................. 2612Tzu-Ying Lin, Chia-Hsiang Chen, Tian-Jue Hong, Chih-Huang Lai

Large Area Deposition of Widegap Copper Indium Selenide Absorbers ................................................................... 2615Shalini Menezes, Yan Li

Electrical Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4Single Crystal....................................................................................................... 2621Akira Nagaoka, Kenji Yoshino, Hideto Miyake, Tomoyasu Taniyama, Koichi Kakimoto

Detection of Secondary Phases in Co-evaporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films by Raman Spectroscopy..................... 2625Dahyun Nam, Mungunshagai Gansukh, Hye Rim Choi, Jihye Gwak, Sejin Ahn, Jae Ho Yun, Kyunghoon Yoon, Hyeonsik Cheong

FUNDAMENTALS Fabrication and Characterization of Si/ZnO Branched Heterojunction Structures.................................................. 2628

Alaa A. Al-Hilo, Muatez Z. Mohammed, Johnathan C. Armstrong, Jingbiao Cui, Tar-Pin Chen

Light Confinement for Silicon Solar Cells with Thin Substrate .................................................................................. 2633Wuchang Ding, Rui Jia, Dongmeng Cui, Xiumei Qiao, Shijian Wang, Yun Sun, Chen Chen, Zhi Jin, Xinyu Liu, Tianchun Ye

Atomic-Scale Origin of Emission from Extended Defects in mc-Si ............................................................................. 2637Harvey Guthrey, Steve Johnston, Brian Gorman, Mowafak Al-Jassim

An Improved Mathematical Modeling to Simulate Metallization Screen Pattern Trend for Silicon Solar Cell .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2641

Lin Jiang, Weiming Zhang, Tracy Guo, David Kapp, Li Yan, Larry Wang

Nucleation-Step Study of Silicon Homoepitaxy for Low-Temperature Fabrication of Si Solar Cells ...................... 2646Aboozar Mosleh, Seyed Amir Ghetmiri, Benjamin R. Conley, Husam Abu-Safe, Zafar Waqar, Mourad Benamara, Shui-Qing Yu, Hameed A. Naseem

Approaching High Efficiency Wide Range Silicon Solar Cells .................................................................................... 2651Karola Ruhle, Martin Kasemann

Study of Lifetime Degradation in n-Type Silicon Due to Oxidation of Boron-Rich Layer........................................ 2655Kyungsun Ryu, Young-Woo Ok, Chel-Jong Choi, Ajeet Rohatgi

Numerical Analysis of Bifacial Solar Cell Using PC1D Software ................................................................................ 2659Suhaila Sepeai, M. Y. Sulaiman, M. Khairunaz, A. W. Azhari, K. Sopian, Saleem H. Zaidi

Fabrication and Characterization of Al-BSF Bifacial Solar Cell................................................................................. 2664Suhaila Sepeai, S. L. Cheow, M. Y. Sulaiman, K. Sopian, Saleem H. Zaidi

First Principles Study of Aluminum-Oxygen Complexes in Silicon ............................................................................ 2669Tingting Shi, Wanjian Yin, Mowafak Al-Jassim, Yanfa Yan

Influence of the Schottky Barrier Height on the Silicon Solar Cells ........................................................................... 2673S. Thibert, J. Jourdan, B. Bechevet, D. Chaussy, N. Reverdy-Bruas, D. Beneventi

An Improved Optical Simulation Method for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells............................................................ 2677Guanchao Xu, Yang Yang, Kangping Zhang, Wei Liu, Shaoyong Fu, Zhiqiang Feng, Pierre Verlinden

The Shunt Influence of Al-p+ Emitter on Voc Characteristics and Its Optimization for Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cells................................................................................................................................................. 2681

Wei Zhang, Chen Chen, Rui Jia, G. J. M. Janssen, Dai-Sheng Zhang, Zhao Xing, P. C. P. Bronsveld, A. W. Weeber, Zhi Jin, Xin-Yu Liu

ORGANIC PV POSTERS Study on ZnO/P3HT:PCBM Nanowire Solar Cells ...................................................................................................... 2685

S. M. Abdulamohsin, J. B. Cui, M. Z. Mohammed

Dark and Illuminated Current Simulation of Bulk Heterojunction Solar CellUsing Kinetic Monte Carlo ................................................................................................................................................................................. 2690

Prabin M. Baidya, Matthew Biesecker, Mahdi Farrokh Barroughi

Study the Effect of TiO2 Annealing and TiCl4 Treatment on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2694

Sara Bakhshi, Shamara Collins, Christos Ferekides, Arash Takshi

Projected Efficiency of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells..................................................................... 2698Po-Han Chen, Yang-Yue Huang, Huai-Te Pen, Yi-Chun Lai, Chia-Ying Tsai, Pei-Ting Tsai, Kai-Yuan Cheng, Wei-Sheng Weng, Peichen Yu, Hsin-Fei Meng

Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with N-Doped TiO2 Thin Films: Effect of the Nitrogen Doping on the Photoexcitation Processes and Generation of Electron Acceptor States ............................................ 2701

Diego Alexandre Duarte, Marcos Massi, Argemiro Soares Da Silva Sobrinho

Production and Performance of a Photosystem I-Based Solar Cell Using Nano-Columnar TiO2 ........................... 2705William R. Henson, Vivek B. Shah, Gerard Lakin, Tandeep Chadha, Haijun Liu, Robert E. Blankenship, Pratim Biswas

Inverted Organic Solar Cell of High Current Density and Efficiency with ZnO Nanorods...................................... 2710Ping-Yi Ho, Shao Hsuan Kao, Chia-Yu Kao, Ching-Fuh Lin

Enhanced Charge Transfer of Liquid and Gel Electrolytes Using Nano Platinum in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 2713

Thi-Thao Hoang, Phuoc-Hiep Nguyen, Tan-Phat Huynh, The-Vinh Nguyen

Low Cost Platinum Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells....................................................................... 2716Anastasiia Iefanova, Umesh Gautam, Prashant Poudel, Daren Davoux, Jeevan Nepal, Venkataiah Mallam, Qiquan Qiao, Brian Logue, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi

Controlling the Morphology of ZnO Nanorod Arrays by Tuning Zinc Nitrate/Hexamethylene Tetramine Solution to Enhance the Power Conversion Efficiency of Inverted Polymer Solar Cell ......................... 2720

Chia-Yu Kao, Ping-Yi Ho, Shao-Hsuan Kao, Chun-Wei Ku, Ming-Shiun Lin, Ching-Fuh Lin

Improving Performance of Carrier Extraction by Using ZnO Nanorod Array in PBDTTT-C-T:PC71BM Polymer Photovoltaics with Inverted Structure ....................................................................................... 2723

Shao-Hsuan Kao, Ping-Yi Ho, Chia-Yu Kao, Ching-Fuh Lin

Light Harvesting in Organic Solar Cells Using a Nanostructured ITO Grating........................................................ 2726Akram A. Khosroabadi, Palash Gangopadhyay, Byron Cocilovo, Robert A. Norwood

Characterization Of Flexible Hybrid Transparent Conductive Films Fabricated With Silver Nanowires And Carbon Nanotubes For Organic Solar Cells ...................................................................................... 2731

Sung Hyun Kim, Hyun Jin Shin, Kwonwoo Shin, Sung Hwak Park, Donghwan Kim

Modeling Trap Assisted Recombination in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells....................................................................... 2734Jeevan Nepal, Seyyed Sadegh Mottaghian, Anastasiia Viktorivna Iefanova, Venkataiah Mallam, Matt Biesecker, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi

Module Construction of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells by Using Chemical Etching ....................................................... 2738The-Vinh Nguyen, Hyun-Cheol Lee, Shaheer Akhtar, Ki-Ju Kim, O-Bong Yang

Light Management for Conjugated Polymer-Based Photovoltaics ............................................................................. 2742Deirdre M. O’Carroll

Improvement of the Properties of P3HT: PCBM Blends Using New Solvents ........................................................... 2746C. A. Otálora, A. Loaiza, G. Gordillo

Organic Solar Cell by Using Vertically Aligned Nanostructured ZnO Nanorods...................................................... 2752Arun D. Rao, Suresh Karalatti, Tiju Thomas, Praveen C. Ramamurthy

A Study of Squaraine Small Molecule Donor Materials for Application in Organic Photovoltaics ......................... 2757Susan D. Spencer, Patrick Heaphy, Cortney Bougher, Brad R. Conrad, John Andersen, Jeremy Cody, Scott Misture, Chris Collison

A Fast Dye Sucking Method For Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Fabrication .................................................................... 2761Ming-Hong Yu, Chau-Lin Yang, Yu-Chun Huang, In-Cha Hsieh

SPACE PHOTOVOLTAICS Mirror Satellites in Polar Orbit Beaming Sunlight to Terrestrial Solar Fields at Dawn and Dusk.......................... 2764

Lewis M. Fraas, Geoffrey A. Landis, Arthur Palisoc

The Influence of Bi and Al Content on the Deep Levels in InGaP and AlInGaP Solar Cell Structures................... 2770A. Khan, A. Naik, J. Gou, W. Al- Assadi, A. Gapud

Increased Radiation Resistance of Thin 4J-IMM Solar Cells by Recycling Transparency Photon Losses ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2774

Akhil Mehrotra, Alex Freundlich

Electrical Performance Degradation of GaAs Solar Cells with InGaAs Quantum Dot layers due to Proton Irradiation ........................................................................................................................................................... 2779

Takeshi Ohshima, Shin-Ichiro Sato, Tetsuya Nakamura, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Takeyoshi Sugaya, Koji Matsubara, Shigeru Niki, Akihiro Takeda, Yoshinobu Okano

Alpha Radiation Effects On n-i-p Quantum Dot Epitaxial Lift-Off Solar Cells......................................................... 2784Mitchell F. Bennett, Zachary S. Bittner, David V. Forbes, Rao Tatavarti, Andree Wibowo, Noren Pan, Kevin Chern, Seth M. Hubbard

High Efficiency Inverted Metamorphic (IMM) Solar Cells ......................................................................................... 2790J. Boisvert, D. Law, R. King, E. Rehder, P. Chiu, D. Bhusari, C. Fetzer, X. Liu, W. Hong S. Mesropian, R. Woo, K. Edmondson, H. Cotal, D. Krut, S. Singer, S. Wierman, N. H. Karam

Qualification and Production of Emcore ZTJ Solar Panels for Space Missions ........................................................ 2793Navid Fatemi, John Lyons, Mike Eskenazi

Characterization Of High Fluence Irradiations On Advanced Triple Junction Solar Cells ..................................... 2797S. I. Maximenko, S. R. Messenger, R. Hoheisel, D. Scheiman, M. Gonzalez, J. Lorentzen1, P. P. Jenkins, R. J. Walters

The Effect of Irradiation on the Mechanism of Charge Transport of CdTe Solar Cell............................................. 2801Zeng Guanggen, Zhang Jingquan, He Xulin, Li Bing , Wu Lili, Feng Lianghuan

Flexible InGaP/(In)GaAs Tandem Solar Cells with Very High Specific Power ......................................................... 2805Davood Shahrjerdi, Stephen W. Bedell, Can Bayram, Devendra Sadana

Laminated Solar Panels for Space Using Multi-Cell Transparent Covers ................................................................. 2809Matthew Wrosch, Nicholas Walmsley, Theodore Stern, Paul Hausgen, David Wilt, Phillip Jenkins

Increasing the Limiting Efficiency of Space Solar Cells at End-of-Life...................................................................... 2812Don Walker, De-Ling Liu, Simon H. Liu

Cathodoluminescence Study of Irradiated p+n GaAs Solar Cells ............................................................................... 2816Jeffrey H. Warner, Scott R. Messenger, Robert J. Walters, Raymond Hoheisel, Manuel J. Romero

Indium Tin Oxide Coverings on Solar Panels for Plasma–Spacecraft Connection.................................................... 2821Jesse K. McTernan, Timothy R. Brubaker, Sven G. Bilen

Space Photovoltaic Reliability - Reasons Why for Solar Power Standards AIAA S-111-2005 AIAA S-112-2005 and AIAA S-122-2007...................................................................................................................................... 2827

Brad Reed

Recent Progress of High-Efficiency III-V Multijunction Solar Cells .......................................................................... 2832Lijie Sun, Mengyan Zhang, Xin Fang, Kaijian Chen, Wei Zhang, Mengjiong Chen, Jianfeng Lu

Novel Flexible Solar Cell Coverglass forSpace PhotovoltaicDevices ........................................................................... 2835David Wilt, Neil Snyder, Phillip Jenkins, Andy Gray

INVERTERS, CONVERTERS, EMBEDDED POWER ELECTRICS, AND BOS Ground Fault and Insulation Degradation Detection and Localization in PV Plants................................................ 2840

Mohammed S. Agamy, Maja Harfman-Todorovic, Ahmed Elasser

Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of a High Frequency Inductor to Reduce Manufacturing Cost, and Improve the Efficiency of a PV Inverter........................................................................................................................ 2845

Abozar Alabakhshizadeh, Ole-Morten Midtgård, Kjetil Boysen

Air Gap Fringing Flux Reduction in a High Frequency Inductor for a Solar Inverter ............................................. 2849Abozar Alabakhshizadeh, Ole-Morten Midtgård

Conversion Efficiencies of Six Grid-Tied Inverters at the Tucson Electric Power Solar Test Yard ........................ 2853Adria E. Brooks, Joshua Fijal, Michael T. St. Germaine, Sean Orsburn, James Greenberg, Vincent P. A. Lonij, Daniella N. Dellagiustina, Alexander D. Cronin

High Gain, High Efficiency Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter for Battery Charging Applications in Stand-Alone Photo-Voltaic Systems ............................................................................................................................... 2857

M. P. Shreelakshmi, Moumita Das, Vivek Agarwal

PV Fed High Efficiency, High Voltage Gain DC-DC Converter for Micro-inverter Applications ........................... 2862Moumita Das, Vivek Agarwal

A Buck-Boost Integrated Full Bridge Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic Based Standalone System............................ 2867Dipankar Debnath, Kishore Chatterjee

Comparison of PV Systems with Maximum DC Voltage 1000V and 1500V .............................................................. 2873Eirini Gkoutioudi, Panagiotis Bakas, Antonios Marinopoulos

Performance of Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic Inverters Operating Beyond Typical Modes of Operation.......................................................................................................................................................................... 2879

Sigifredo Gonzalez, Joshua Stein, Armando Fresquez, Michael Ropp, Dustin Schutz

Microinverter and String Inverter Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System – A Comprehensive Study..................... 2885Souhib Harb, Mohit Kedia, Haiyu Zhang, Robert S. Balog

Design and Implementation of a 140W Charge Regulator........................................................................................... 2891Camilo Moreno, Johann Hernandez, Nelson Díaz, Jhon Bayona

Design and Simulation of a Single Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic CukZeta Inverter ...................................... 2896Mofakkharul Islam, Lothar Czarnecki

Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Harvesting System for Emergency Applications............................................................ 2902Haiyu Zhang, Xiaosen Liu, Mohit Kedia, Robert S. Balog

Backstepping Control of a Capacitance-less Photovoltaic Power Converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking ................................................................................................................................................................. 2908

Michael L. McIntyre, Michael Schoen, Joseph Latham

Multi-Objective Optimization of the DC-DC Stage of a Module-Integrated Inverter Based on an Efficiency Usage Model ................................................................................................................................................... 2914

Mehran Mirjafari, Robert S. Balog, Rasit Turan

A New Voltage Equalization Based Distributed Maximum Power Point Extraction from a PV Source Operating Under Partially Shaded Conditions ............................................................................................................. 2921

Nataraj Pragallapati, Pooja Sharma, Vivek Agarwal

Flyback Configuration based Micro-Inverter with Distributed MPPT of Partially Shaded PV Module and Energy Recovery Scheme......................................................................................................................................... 2927

Nataraj Pragallapati, Vivek Agarwal

Analysis of Subsystems Behaviour and Performance Evaluation of Solar Photovoltaic Powered Water Pumping System .............................................................................................................................................................. 2932

P. Sadasivam, M. Kumaravel, Krishna Vasudevan, Ashok Jhunjhunwala

DC Arc Flash Hazards and Protection in Photovoltaic Systems.................................................................................. 2938Finley R. Shapiro, Brian Radibratovic

Model based Distributed MPPT Using Current Equalization for Contoured Flexible PV Strings .......................... 2943Pooja Sharma, Vivek Agarwal

Comparison of Model based MPPT and Exact MPPT for Current Equalization in Partially shaded PV Strings......................................................................................................................................................................... 2948

Pooja Sharma, Vivek Agarwal

Development of an Intelligent Maximum Power Point Tracker Using an Advanced PV System Test Platform............................................................................................................................................................................ 2953

Sergiu Spataru, Anastasios Amoiridis, Remus N. Beres, Catalin-Iosif Ciontea, Théo Klein, Dezso Sera

Design and Implementation of a Solar PV Panel Integrated Inverter with Multi-mode Operation Capability ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2959

Rashmi Kale, Sushil Thale, Vivek Agarwal

A Photovoltaic Power Control Algorithm Covering Complete Range ........................................................................ 2965Rupesh G. Wandhare, Vivek Agarwal

PV RELIABILTY II Initial Performance of Roof TopPVarrays of CIGS, CdTe and c-Si in the US Northeast Climate........................... 2971

J. Nicholas Alexander, R. Sundaramoorthy, David Metacarpa, J. R. Lloyd, Pradeep Haldar

Power Degradation and Performance Evaluation of PV Modules After 31 Years of Work...................................... 2977Mohamed A. S. Alshushan, Ibrahim M. Saleh

Impacts of Humidity and Temperature on the Performance of Transparent Conducting Indium Tin Oxide and Electrical Interconnects for Solar Applications .......................................................................................... 2983

Upendra Avachat, Fadong Yan, David Metacarpa, Pradeep Haldar

Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of a Photovoltaic Panel with Water Cooling ..................................... 2987Haitham M. Bahaidarah, Shafiqur Rehman, P. Gandhidasan, Bilal Tanweer

Investigation of Pilling Strength and Bus Bar Surface Roughness for Solar Cell Soldering..................................... 2992Wen-Tai Chung, Yi-Te Wu, Chien-Wen Chen, Po-Wen Wang, Meng-Lin Lin, Tsai-Yuan Lin, Chih-Hsyong Wu

Outdoor Performance Testing of Thin-Film PV Modules in the Hot and Humid Climate ....................................... 2994Neelkanth G. Dhere, Ashwani Kaul, Shirish A. Pethe, Eric Schneller, Narendra S. Shiradkar

Evaluation of Non-Uniform Mechanical Loads on Solar Modules .............................................................................. 2998Sascha Dietrich, Ulli Zeller, Matthias Pander, Matthias Ebert

Comparing PV Power Plant Soiling Measurements Extracted from PV Module Irradiance and Power Measurements .................................................................................................................................................................. 3004

Michael Gostein, Bodo Littmann, J. Riley Caron, Lawrence Dunn

Field Discoloration Analysis and UV/temperature Accelerated Degradation Test of EVA for PV .......................... 3010Jae-Seong Jeong, Nochang Park

Accelerated Life Testing of PV Arc-Fault Detectors .................................................................................................... 3014Jay Johnson, Michael Neilsen, Paul Vianco, N. Rob Sorensen, Michael Montoya, Armando Fresquez

Determination of Moisture Ingress Rate Through Photovoltaic Encapsulants .......................................................... 3020Jane Kapur, Jennifer L. Norwood, Colin D. Cwalina

Systems Long Term Exposure Program: Analysis of the First Year of Data ............................................................. 3024B. H. King, J. E. Granata, A. J. Luketa-Hanlin

Use of the TurboSiP© Software to Predict the Long-Term Reliability of Solder Joints on Photovoltaic Systems ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3029

P. Vianco, M. Holliday, M. Neilsen, R. Sorensen, B. B. Yang, A. Kilgo, J. Rejent, M. Grazier, J. Johnson, J. Granata

Outdoor Exposure Performance and Degradation Comparison on Different Modules Fabricated by Multicrystalline, Monocrstalline and Quasi-Mono Cells.............................................................................................. 3033

Shi-Kai Tzeng, Chen-Hao Yang, Wen-Pin Chen, Chih-Hsyong Wu, Her-Chang Ay

Solar Inverter 4 Track Strategy for Evaluating Long-Term Field Durability .......................................................... 3036Scott Zimmerman, Allen Zielnik, Florian Feil

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: SPECTRAL MANAGEMENT InAs Quantum Well Islands – A Novel Structure For Photon Up-conversion From the Near IR To the Visible ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3040

Itaru Kamiya, David M. Tex, Kenichi Shimomura, Fumihiko Yamada, Ko Takabayashi, Yoshihiko Kanemitsu

Spectrally Dependent Performance of Hybrid ColloidalQuantum DotsGaAs Solar Cells ........................................ 3045Hau-Vei Han, Chien-Chung Lin, Hsin Chu Chen, Yu-Lin Tsai, Yun-Ling Yeh, Hao-Chung Kuo, Peichen Yu

Simulation and Development of Sub-wavelength Grated Dielectric ARCs for CPV Applications ........................... 3049Wei Wang, Alex Freundlich

Spectrum Splitting Photovoltaics: Light Trapping Filtered Concentrator for Ultrahigh Photovoltaic Efficiency .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3053

Emily D. Kosten, John Lloyd, Emily Warmann, Harry A. Atwater

METROLOGY Co-evaporation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2at Low Temperatures: An In-Situ X-Ray Growth Analysis.................................. 3058

C. A. Kaufmann, D. Greiner, H. Rodriguez-Alvarez, A. Weber, M. D. Heinemann, J. Lauche, M. Klaus, C. Genzel, H. W. Schock, R. Mainz

Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Current-VoltageCharacteristics forCIGSSe and CZTSSe Thin Film Solar Cells from Nanocrystal Inks ........................................................................................................................ 3062

Nathaniel J. Carter, Charles J. Hages, James E. Moore, Steven M. McLeod, Caleb K. Miskin, Chinmay Joglekar, Mark S. Lundstrom, Rakesh Agrawal

Role of High Series Resistance in Admittance Spectroscopy of Kesterite Solar Cells ............................................... 3066Thomas Paul Weiss, Alex Redinger, Jennifer Luckas, Marina Mousel, Susanne Siebentritt

STATE OF THE ART SOLAR CELLS Strategies of Cost Reduction and High Performance on a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: 21% Efficiency on Monolikesubstrate .................................................................................................................................... 3071

D. Muñoz, F. Ozanne, T. Salvetat, N. Enjalbert, G. Fortin, E. Pihan, F. Jay, A. Jouini, P. J. Ribeyron

Silicon Wafer Material Options for Highly Efficient p-Type PERC Solar Cells........................................................ 3074Thorsten Dullweber, Christopher Kranz, Ulrike Baumann, Rene Hesse, Dominic Walter, Jan Schmidt, Pietro Altermatt, Rolf Brendel

OPV ACTIVE LAYERS AND SCALE UP High Efficiency Tandem Organic Photovoltaics Incorporating Small Molecule Blended Squaraine Donors and a Fullerene Acceptor ................................................................................................................................... 3079

Brian E. Lassiter, Jeramy D. Zimmerman, Xin Xiao, Stephen R. Forrest

Role of Charged Defects on Organic Solar Cell Performance: Prospect of Heterojunction-Free Device Design ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3082

Biswajit Ray, Muhammad A. Alam

Reduced Coulomb Interaction in Organic Solar Cells by the Introduction of High-k SrTiO3 Nanoparticles ................................................................................................................................................................... 3086

Niels Benson, Miriam Engel, David Schaefer, Daniel Erni, Julia Kern, Carsten Deibel, Eva M. Herzig, Peter Muller Buschbaum, Roland Schmechel

Tailoring Green Formulation: Printing and Upscaling of Inverted Organic Solar Cells .......................................... 3092Monika M. Voigt, Florian Machui, Luca Lucera, George Spyropoulos, Johann Cordero, Peter Kubis, Abid Shaukat Ali, Ahmed E. Shalan, Christoph J. Brabec

ON-ORBIT PERFORMANCE AND SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS In-Orbit Performance of Ultra-Triple Junction Solar Arrays..................................................................................... 3098

L. Anikst, Z. Maassarani, J. S. Powe, J. A. Schwartz

Assessment of AP9 and Solar Cell Degradation Models with Flight Data .................................................................. 3103Erica Deionno, Dean C. Marvin, Simon H. Liu

Initial Results from the TacSat-4 Solar Cell Experiment ............................................................................................. 3108Phillip P. Jenkins, Douglas C. Bentz, Jim Barnds, Christopher R. Binz, Scott R. Messenger, Jeffrey H. Warner, Michael J. Krasowski, Norman F. Prokop, Dan C. Spina, Mark O’Neill, Michael Eskenazi, Henry W. Brandhorst, Eric Downard, Kevin C. Crist

Initial Results from Primary Arc effects on Solar Cells At LEO (PASCAL) Flight Experiment ............................. 3112Justin Likar, Teppei Okumura, Shunsuke Iwai, Stephen E. Stone, Steve Gasner, Phillip P. Jenkins, Kelly Trautz, Mengu Cho, Robert E. Lombardi, Kazuhiro Toyoda

UV-Exposure Experiments for the Solar Probe Plus Array ........................................................................................ 3115Andreea Boca, Philip Blumenfeld, Kevin Crist, Karen De Zetter, Benjamin Richards, Charles Sarver, Paul Sharps, Richard Stall, Mark Stan

High Fluence Irradiations on Triple Junction Solar Cells ........................................................................................... 3121S. R. Messenger, R. Hoheisel, J. Lorentzen, D. Scheiman, J. H. Warner, M. Gonzalez, P. P. Jenkins

ADVANCED GRID INTERCONNECTION STRATEGIES Contribution of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems to AC Short Circuits – A Survey of Current Modeling Practices and Challenges................................................................................................................................ 3128

Michael Behnke, Abraham Ellis

Comparative Analysis of Anti-Islanding Requirements and Test Procedures in the United States and Japan................................................................................................................................................................................. 3134

Abraham Ellis, Sigifredo Gonzalez, Yusuke Miyamoto, Michael Ropp, Dustin Schutz, Takanori Sato

Implementation and Validation of Advanced Unintentional Islanding Testing Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) Simulation ...................................................................................................................................... 3141

Blake Lundstrom, Barry Mather, Mariko Shirazi, Michael Coddington

Design and Analysis of Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybrid Distributed Generation System ........................................... 3147Gitanjali Mehta, S. P. Singh

Smart Inverter Capabilities for Mitigating Over-Voltage on Distribution Systems with High Penetrations of PV ........................................................................................................................................................... 3153

Matthew J. Reno, Robert J. Broderick, Santiago Grijalva

RELIABILITY TECHNIQUES AND PV SAFETY Determination of Arcing Risks in PV Modules with Derivation of Risk Minimization Measures............................ 3159

F. Reil, A. Sepanski, W. Vaaßen, B. V. Heeckeren, S. Raubach, M. Vosen, M. Thiele, G. Volberg, A. Schulz, H. Schmidt, H. Laukamp, M. Halfmann, B. Bansemer, A. Loebbert

Electrical Simulations of Series and Parallel PV Arc-Faults ....................................................................................... 3165Jack Flicker, Jay Johnson

Evaluation of Dynamic Mechanical Loading as an Accelerated Test Method for Ribbon Fatigue .......................... 3173Nick Bosco, Timothy J Silverman, John Wohlgemuth, Sarah Kurtz, Masanao Inoue, Keiichiro Sakurai, Tsuyoshi Shioda, Hirofumi Zenkoh, Kusato Hirota, Masanori Miyashita, Tanahashi Tadanori, Satoshi Suzuki

Reliability of Crystalline Silicon Development and Finite Element............................................................................. 3179Siddharth Ram Athreya, Rahul Sharma, Ashish Lokhande, Rebekah Feist, Keith Kauffmann, Leonardo Lopez, Michael Mills

Degradation Pathway Models for Photovoltaics Module Lifetime Performance ....................................................... 3185Nicholas R. Wheeler, Laura S. Bruckman, Junheng Ma, Ethan Wang, Carl K. Wang, Ivan Chou, Jiayang Sun, Roger H. French

FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING OF QUANTUM DOT AND QUANTUM WIRE ENHANCED SOLAR CELLS Preserving Voltage and Long Wavelength Photoresponse in GaSb/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells ...................... 3191

Jinyoung Hwang, Andrew J. Martin, Kyusang Lee, Stephen Forrest, Joanna Millunchick, Jamie Phillips

Theoretical Model of Quantum Dot Array Based Intermediate Band Solar Cell: Effect of Sb Induced Type II Alignment on Dynamical Processes .................................................................................................................. 3195

Stanko Tomic

Experimental Matrix Study of Leakage Current in Nanopillar-Based Devices Towards High-Efficiency Photovoltaics .................................................................................................................................................. 3200

Giacomo Mariani, Clayton Tu, Zhengliu Zhou, Adam Scofield, Joshua Shapiro, Diana L. Huffaker

The Effect of GaAs Capping Layer Thickness on Quantum Dot Solar Cell Performance ........................................ 3203David V. Forbes, Christopher Bailey, Stephen J. Polly, Adam Podell, Seth M. Hubbard

WORLDWIDE INDUSTRY ADVANCES Lifetime Improvement for High Efficiency Cu2ZnSnS4 Submodules ........................................................................ 3208

Hiroki Sugimoto, Christopher Liao, Homare Hiroi, Noriyuki Sakai, Takuya Kato

OPV CONTACTS, HYBRIDS, AND STABILITY Role of Electron and Hole Collecting Buffer Layers on the Stability of Inverted Polymer: Fullerene Photovoltaic Devices ........................................................................................................................................................ 3212

Eszter Voroshazi, Ilaria Cardinaletti, Griet Uytterhoeven, Afshin Hadipour, Barry P. Rand, Tom Aernouts

Enhanced Efficiency in ZnPc/C60 Organic Photovoltaic Cells Incorporating Organic Interlayers on Anode ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3216

John Mudrick, Tyler B. Fleetham, Nathan Shewmon, Weiran Cao, Jian Li, Jiangeng Xue

Comparing Photovoltaic Parameters of Conventional Cathodes with a Novel Silver Nanoparticle/Aluminum Cathode in Polymer Based Solar Cells ................................................................................ 3222

Mario Arar, Wernfried Haas, Ferdinand Hofer, Thomas Rath, Gregor Trimmel

Solution-Processed Electrodes for Efficient Hybrid Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Thin Film Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 3226

Manuel Reinhard, Ralph Eckstein, Paul Sonntag, Linda Burkert, Bernhard Dimmler, Uli Lemmer, Alexander Colsmann

RADIATION RESPONSE OF SOLAR CELLS Improved Radiation Resistance of Epitaxial Lift-Off Inverted Metamorphic Solar Cells ........................................ 3229

Jessica G. J. Adams, Victor C. Elarde, Glen Hillier, Christopher Stender, Francis Tuminello, Andree Wibowo, Chris Youtsey, Zachary Bittner, Seth M. Hubbard, Eric B. Clark, Michael F. Piszczor, Mark Osowski

Radiation Study in Quantum Well III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells ......................................................................... 3233M. González, R. Hoheisel, M. P. Lumb, D. A. Scheiman, C. G. Bailey, J. Lorentzen, S. Maximenko, S. R. Messenger, P. P. Jenkins, T. N. D. Tibbits, M. Imaizumi, T. Ohshima, S. Sato, R. J. Walters

Development Status of Triple-junction Solar Cells Optimized for Low Intensity Low Temperature Applications...................................................................................................................................................................... 3237

Carsten Baur, Victor Khorenko, Gerald Siefer, Jacques C. Bourgoin, Mariacristina Casale, Roberta Campesato, Sophie Duzellier, Virginie Inguimbert

Comparative Study on Degradation Characteristics of Component Subcells in IMM Triple-Junction Solar Cells Irradiated with High-Energy Electrons and Protons ................................................................................ 3243

Mitsuru Imaizumi, Tetsuya Nakamura, Michio Tajima, Shin-Ichiro Sato, Takeshi Ohshima

CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN FILMS (II) Grain Boundary Character and Recombination Properties in CdTe Thin Films ...................................................... 3249

H. R. Moutinho, J. Moseley, M. J. Romero, R. G. Dhere, C.-S. Jiang, K. M. Jones, J. N. Duenow, Y. Yan, M. M. Al-Jassim

New Analysis of Suns-VOC and VOC(T): A Simple Method to Quantify Recombination Channels in Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 3504

Sachit Grover, Jian V. Li, David L. Young, Paul Stradins, Howard M. Branz The Physics of Vbi-Related IV Crossover in Thin Film Solar Cells: Applications to Ink Deposited CZTSSe............................................................................................................................................................................. 3255

James Moore, Charles J. Hages, Nathan Carter, Rakesh Agrawal, Mark Lundstrom

FIELD EXPERIENCE Discoloration of PV Encapsulants .................................................................................................................................. 3260

John H. Wohlgemuth, Michael D. Kempe, David C. Miller

Five Years Operation Results of Different Crystalline-Si PV Systems and Analysis of the Degradation Rate in the Field ............................................................................................................................................................... 3266

Yuzuru Ueda, Makoto Konagai, Kosuke Kurokawa, Mitsuru Kudo, Keiichiro Hakuta, Takashi Oozeki

Degradation Analysis of 1900 PV Modules in a Hot-Dry Climate: Results After 12 to 18 Years of Field Exposure ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3270

Jaspreet Singh, Jonathan Belmont, Govindasamy Tamizhmani

Impact of Natural Soiling on the Transmission of PV Cover Plates............................................................................ 3276Liza Boyle, Holly Flinchpaugh, Michael Hannigan

How Double-Glass Laminated Amorphous Silicon Solar Modules Break in the Field: A Case Study..................... 3279Y. Zhang, T. Dun, J. Du, X. Liu, H. Li, Q. Dong, T. Liu, Y. Huang, H. Jia, Y. Mai

EMERGING HYBRID APPROACHES TO PHOTOVOLTAICS A Novel Architecture for Photovoltaic Devices: Field-Effect Solar Cells Using Screening-Engineered Nanoelectrodes for Silicon and Earth Abundant Cuprous Oxide ............................................................................... 3284

Oscar Vazquez-Mena, William Regan, Steven Byrnes, Onur Ergen, Will Gannett, Feng Wang, Alex Zettl

Enhancement of Polymer Solar Cell Performance Under Low-Concentrated Sunlight by 3D Surface-Engineered Silicon Nanocrystals .................................................................................................................................... 3287

Vladimir Svrcek, Toshiro Yamanari, Davide Mariotti, Somak Mitra, Koji Matsubara, Michio Kondo

Hole-Blocking Crystalline-Silicon/Titanium-Oxide Heterojunction with Very Low Interface Recombination Velocity .................................................................................................................................................. 3292

Janam Jhaveri, Sushobhan Avasthi, Gabriel Man, William E. McClain, Ken Nagamatsu, Antoine Kahn, Jeffrey Schwartz, James C. Sturm

11%-Efficiency Hybrid Organic/Silicon-Nanowire Heterojunction Solar Cell with an Intermediate 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane Layer...................................................................................................... 3297

Chia-Ying Tsai, Po-Han Chen, Yang-Yue Huang, Huai-Te Pen, Peichen Yu, Hsin-Fei Meng

BACK CONTACTS AND SIMULATIONS Adsorption of Se, Na, and O on the Mo(110) surface: modeling atomic mechanisms at the back contact of thin film chalcopyrite solar cells. .................................................................................................................. 3300

Guido Roma, Letizia Chiodo, Janos Kiss

Modeling of the Influence of Deep Majority Carrier Traps on Photo-Induced Current Transients in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Layers ....................................................................................................................................................... 3304

Marek Maciaszek, Pawel Zabierowski

Numerical Simulation about Effects of Bandgap Grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with a Bandgap of 1.4 eV on Solar Cell Performance .............................................................................................................................................. 3307

Yoshiaki Hirai, Ryotaro Suzuki, Yasuyoshi Kurokawa, Akira Yamada

SINGLE-JUNCTION III-V CELLS Design of Bottom Silicon Solar Cell for Multijunction Devices ................................................................................... 3310

Ibraheem Al Mansouri, Stephen Bremner, Anita Ho-Baillie, Hamid Mehrvarz, Xiaojing Hao, Gavin Conibeer, Martin A. Green, Tyler J. Grassman, John A. Carlin, Steven A. Ringel

Optimization of MOCVD Grown InGaP Metamorphic Buffers with MOCVD Growth Conditions and Surfactant ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3315

Chris W. Ebert, Ziggy Pulwin, Frank Lu, Daniel Byrnes, Frank Ramos

Design and Fabrication of Nano-Pyramid GaAs Solar Cell ......................................................................................... 3321Yangsen Kang, Dong Liang, Yijie Huo, Anjia Gu, Shuang Li, Yusi Chen, James Harris

2.19 eV InGaP Solar Cells on GaP Substrates............................................................................................................... 3324Stephanie Tomasulo, Joseph Faucher, Jordan R. Lang, Kevin Nay Yaung, Minjoo Larry Lee

Ultra-Thin GaAs Single-Junction Solar Cells Integrated with an AlInP Layer for Reflective Back Scattering.......................................................................................................................................................................... 3329

Weiquan Yang, Jacob Becker, Ying-Shen Kuo, Jing-Jing Li, Shi Liu, Barbara Landini, Ken Campman, Yong-Hang Zhang

FUNDAMENTALS C-Si Surface Passivation by Aluminum Oxide studied with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy............................ 3333

Bram Hoex, Michel Bosman, Naomi Nandakumar, W. M. M. Kessels

Toward Defining Tolerances for Structural Defects in Silicon Through 2D and 3D Device Simulations ................ 3337David Berney Needleman, Tonio Buonassisi

ADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS FOR OPTIMIZED PV PERFORMANCE Lifetime Testing of Metallized Thin Film Capacitors for Inverter Applications ....................................................... 3340

Jack Flicker, Robert Kaplar, Matthew Marinella, Jennifer Granata

Measured Module Performance Variation and the Opportunity for Distributed Power Electronics: Analysis of 27 PV Arrays in the Southwestern U.S....................................................................................................... 3343

Sara Macalpine, Chris Deline, Robert Erickson, Michael Brandemuehl

A Robust, Self-Calibrating Model for Maximum Power Point Tracking and Hot Spot Suppression ...................... 3349Sorin Spanoche, Behnam Behziz

PV VELOCITY FORUM Sensitivity Analysis of Materials Availability for Terawatt PV Deployment.............................................................. 3353

April Jeffries, Stuart Bowden, Christiana Honsberg, Mariana Bertoni

Cost Analysis of Two Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell Designs ................................................................................ 3357Atse Louwen, Wilfried G. J. H. M. Van Sark, Ruud E. I. Schropp, Wim C. Turkenburg, Andre P. C. Faaij

Analysis of the Potential for a Heat Island Effect in Large Solar Farms .................................................................... 3362Vasilis Fthenakis, Yuanhao Yu

Long-Distance Interconnection as Solar Resource Intermittency Solution: Optimizing the Use of Energy Storage and the Geographic Dispersion + Interconnection of Solar Generating Facilities. ......................... 3367

Marc J. R. Perez, Vasilis M. Fthenakis

Eco-Efficiency of CdTe Photovoltaics with Tracking Systems .................................................................................... 3374Parikhit Sinha, Matthew Schneider, Scott Dailey, Calvin Jepson, Mariska De Wild-Scholten

A Case Study for Micro-Grid PV: Rural Electrification In India ............................................................................... 3379P. Loka, S. Moola, S. Reddy, A. Skumanich, S. Fulton, S. C. Siah, P. Mints

ADVANCES IN III-V HETEROEPITAXIAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES Ideal GaP/Si Heterostructures Grown by MOCVD: III-V/Active-Si Subcells, Multijuntions, and MBE-to-MOCVD III-V/Si Interface Science................................................................................................................. 3383

S. A. Ringel, J. A. Carlin, T. J. Grassman, B. Galiana, A. M. Carlin, C. Ratcliff, D. Chmielewski, L. Yang, M. J. Mills, Al Mansouri, S. P. Bremner, A. Ho-Baillie, X. Hao, H. Mehrvarz, G. Conibeer, M. A. Green

InP Nanowire Array Solar Cell with Cleaned Sidewalls .............................................................................................. 3389Y. Cui, S. Plissard, J. Wang, T. T. T. Vu, E. Smalbrugge, E. J. Geluk, T. De Vries, J. Bolk, M. Trainor, M. A. Verheijen, J. E. M. Haverkort, E. P. A. M. Bakkers

Epitaxial Thin Film GaAs Deposited by MOCVD on Low-Cost, Flexible Substrates for High Efficiency Photovoltaics .................................................................................................................................................. 3393

P. Dutta, M. Rathi, P. Ahrenkiel, Y. Gao, A. Mehrotra, E. Galstyan, M. Iliev, B. Makarenko, R. Forrest, A. Freundlich, V. Selvamanickam

Design and Growth of III-V on Si Microwire Array Tandem Solar Cells .................................................................. 3397Christopher T. Chen, Daniel B. Turner-Evans, Hal Emmer, Shaul Aloni, Harry A. Atwater

NEW MATERIALS AND IDEAS Narrow Bandgap CuIn(Sex,Te1-x)2 – Based Solar Cells for Chalcopyrite Tandem Photovoltaic Devices .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3402

Z. Jehl Li-Kao, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakada

Thin Film PV: Moving at the Speed of Solar ................................................................................................................ 3407Gary Cheek, Frank Yang, Howard Lee

One Step Thin-Film PV Interconnection Process Using Laser and Inkjet ................................................................. 3411M. L. Crozier, A. N. Brunton A. Abbas, J. W. Bowers, P. M. Kaminski, J. M. Walls, J. D. Shephard

CPV MODULE & RECEIVER DESIGN, OPTICS & MODELING An Innovative Method for Accelerated Ageing Study of CPV Receivers: Thermal Inhomogeneities Mapping via Electroluminescence.................................................................................................................................. 3416

Loïc Mabille, Christophe Mangeant, Mathieu Baudrit

Wind Convection Coefficient Correlations for CPV Modules ..................................................................................... 3421Deborah A. Adkins

Optical Cell Temperature Measurements of Multiple CPV Technologies in Outdoor Conditions........................... 3426Matthew Muller, Timothy J. Silverman, Michael Deceglie, Sarah Kurtz, Etienne Menard, Scott Burroughs

Cost Analysis for Flat-Plate Concentrators Employing Microscale Photovoltaic Cells............................................. 3431Scott Paap, Vipin Gupta, Jose Luis Cruz-Campa, Murat Okandan, William Sweatt, Bradley Jared, Ben Anderson, Greg Nielson, Anna Tauke-Pedretti, Jeff Nelson

METALLIZATION Screen Printed Metal Contacts to Si Solar Cells – Formation and Synergistic Improvements................................. 3435

Alan F. Carroll

Metallic Glass: A New Approach of Solar Cell Electrode for High Efficiency Si-Solar Cell..................................... 3441Eun-Sung Lee, Sang Soo Jee, Suk-Jun Kim, Se-Yun Kim, Jin-Man Park, Keum-Hwan Park, Do Hyang Kim, Won Tae Kim

Front-Side Metallization with High Aspect Ratio by Stencil Printing for Crystal Si Solar Cell............................... 3442Chien-Ming Chen, Yu-Chia Liao, Wei-Ming Su, Po-Sheng Huang, Li-Wei Chen

Laser Sintering of Screen-printed Silver Paste for Silicon Solar Cells........................................................................ 3445Yafu Lin, Emmanuel Van Kerschaver, Kirsten Cabanas-Holmen

Module Interconnection of Both Sides-Contacted Silicon Solar Cells by Screen-Printing........................................ 3448Jan H. Petermann, Henning Schulte-Huxel, Verena Steckenreiter, Ralf Gogolin, Stefan Eidelloth, Thorsten Dullweber, Sarah Kajari-Schroder, Rolf Brendel

PV VELOCITY FORUM Standardizing Appraisals for PV Installations.............................................................................................................. 3454

Geoffrey T. Klise, Jamie L. Johnson, Sandra K. Adomatis

Preliminary Non-Hardware (“Soft”) Cost-Reduction Roadmap for Residential and Small Commercial Solar Photovoltaics, 2013–2020................................................................................................................. 3463

Kristen Ardani, Daniel Seif, Carolyn Davidson, Jesse Morris, Sarah Truitt, Roy Torbert, Robert Margolis

An Analysis of Residential PV System Price Differences Between the United States and Germany ........................ 3469Joachim Seel, Galen Barbose, Ryan Wiser

ADDITIONAL PAPERS CdZnTe Thin Films Growth by RF Sputtering for CdTe Solar Cells......................................................................... 3480

Q. Huda, M. M. Aliyu, M. A. Islam, M. S. Hossain, M. M. Alam, M. R. Karim, M. A. M. Bhuiyan, K. Sopian, N. Amin

Effects of Germanium Layer on Silicon/Germanium Superlattice Solar Cells .......................................................... 3484A. A. Zulkefle, M. Zainon, Z. Zakaria, S. A. Shahahmadi, M. A. M. Bhuiyan, M. M. Alam, K. Sopian, N. Amin

Effect of p-type Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Molybdenum Ditelluride (p-MoTe2) Layer Formation in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells from Numerical Analysis.................................................................... 3487

N. Dhar, P. Chelvanathan, K. S. Rahman, M. A. M. Bhuiyan, M. M. Alam, K. Sopian, N. Amin

Towards Intermediate-Band Solar Cells with InAs/AlAsSb Quantum Dots .............................................................. 3493Meng Sun, Paul J. Simmonds, Ramesh Babu Laghumavarapu, Andrew Lin, Charles J. Reyner, Baolai Liang, Diana L. Huffaker

Author Index