1. OCT

2. Tomography OCT OCT OCT 3. Tomography 4. OCT Optical Coherence Tomography Tomography 5. Tomography 6. Tomography 7. Tomography :X-ray CT, MRI, PET ,mm, Fluorescence microscopy Confocal Microscope Ultrasound OCT 8. Tomography Fluorescence microscopy 1. 2. 3. 0.5 mm Confocal microscopy 1. 1957Marvin Minsky, 1969 P. DavidovitsM. D. Egger 2. 3. 0.5 1um 4. 5. 9. v.s. (Confocal)(OCT)(10cm) (1mm)(2-8mm) (m)(1 m)(1-15um) 10. Biological measurement Electron Microscopy MRIOptical MicroscopyUltrasoundConfocal X-ray CT SLD OCTFemtosecond laser10 mm 1 mm 100 m10 m 1 m0.1 m RetinaIntra-retinal structure Individual Cell Nucleus 11. Tomography 12. OCT 13. OCT Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric, non-invasive optical tomographic imaging technique offering millimeter penetration (approximately 2--3 mm in tissue) with sub- micrometre axial and lateral resolution.--From Wikipedia (Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT) 14. 15. OCT 700nm1300nm700nm1300nm OCT ,Biological window 1300nm(OCT) 16. Optical Source 17. Michelson Interferometer A monochromatic source A detector Two mirrors One beam splitter , astronomical interferometers gravitational wave detectors 18. Optical Coherence TomographyBasic Principle Reference MirrorBeam SplitterLightSource Detector To computer & display OCT Signal 19. TIME DOMAIN OCTReference Mirror Superluminescent Beam splitter Diode (SLD)one signal return To computer and displayPhotodetector 20. Time Domain OCT Reference mirror moves back and forth Lens BroadbandLight SourceDistance determinesSLD depth in A scan InterferometerDetectorCombines lightfrom reference with reflectedCreateslight from retina A-scanScanning mirror 1 pixeldirects SLDat a timebeam on retinaEach A- scanhas 400 Process pixels Data Acquisition repeated many times to createProcessing B-scanFinal A-scan 21. SPECTRAL DOMAIN OCTReference Mirror Superluminescent Beam splitter Diode (SLD)Multiple signal return (up to 200) To computer and display Spectrometer & CCD 22. Fourier Domain OCT Reference mirrorstationary BroadbandLight SourceSLD InterferometerCombines lightfrom referenceGratingwith reflectedsplits signallight from retinabywavelengthSpectrometeranalyzessignal by wavelengthFFT Spectral Fourier transformEntire A-scaninterferogram converts signal tocreated at atypical A-scansingle time 23. OCT 24. OCT 1991 James G. FujimotoProfessor James G. FujimotoProfessor of Electrical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUSAResearch:1. Application of femtosecond laser technology2. Studies of ultrafast phenomena3. Laser medicine and surgery4. Development of optical coherence tomography James G. Fujimoto, Science, 1991 What is OCT: Diagnostic medical imaging techonology Why OCT: better diagnose and treat disease Main application areas: Retinal disease, heart disease andcancer 25. OCT- 1991, David HuangScience 1994, (Jay Wei - Ziess OCT Tech. Leader) 1996, OCT1 (100 A/, 16um )(David Huang) 1999, OCT2 (OCT1 ) 2001, OCT3 (400 A/, 10um ) 2004, FD-OCT (>20,000 A/) 2005, VisanteOCT30um 2006, RTVue FDAFD-OCT 2007, RTVueOCT(5um & (Jay Wei) 26. At first, OCT was slow First OCT image taken by Huang and Schumanover night in James Fujimotos laboratory, MIT Huang D et al. Science, 254:1178 (1991). 27. OptoVueRTVue 2006 A generational leap 26,000Fourier domainSpeed(A-scans/sec) Time domain 400 ZeissOCT1/2 100 Zeiss Stratus 1996 200216 105 Resolution (m) RTVue has 65x speed & 2x resolution of Stratus 28. Evolution of Commercial OCT 29. Time Domain OCTFourier Domain OCT Sequential Simultaneous 1 pixel at a time Entire A-scan at once 400 pixels per A-scan 2048 pixels per A scan 0.25 seconds per A scan .00000385 sec per A scan 512 A-scans in 1.28 sec 1024 A-scans in 0.04 sec Slower than eye movements Faster than eye movements Motion artifact Small blood vesselsIS/OSChoroidal vessels512 A-scans in 1.28 sec 1024 A-scans in 0.04 secHigher speed, higher definition and higher signal. 30. 31. OCT 32. OCT 33. 34. 35. 36. Cross line scan 0.156 seconds 2 x 1024(16 scans ineach direction arethen averaged) 37. Retina 38. CME 39. 40. ERMEpiretinal membrane 41. DMDiabetic Maculopathy 42. Macular Hole 43. Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy 44. AMD Advanced 45. EMM5 scan 1.30 seconds 13 horizontal lines with 6mm scan length + 8 horizontal lines with 4mm scan length 13 vertical lines with 6mm scan length + 8 vertical lines with 4mm scan length 46. Analyze Manu EMM5 47. Analyze Manu EMM5 48. Analyze Manu EMM5-Progression Overview 49. 3D scan 2.4 seconds 141 B-scans equally spaced to cover 7mm x 7mm volume 3D 50. Macular PVD 51. Auto scan 52. Auto play 53. RPE-Auto play 54. ONH scan 0.55 seconds 12 radial line scans 3.4mmlength & 13 concentric rings (1.3 - 4.9mm diameter)All centered on disc 55. LOCALIZED NERVE FIBER BUNDLEDEFECTS 56. Glaucoma Samples ppRNFL TSNIT NFL Thickness Map ONH AnalysisGanglion Cell Complex Analysis 57. Normal vs Glaucoma Enlarged CupCupRim RNFL thinningRNFL Inner Retina Macula Map Ganglioncell loss inmaculaNormalGlaucoma 58. Optic Nerve Head / RNFL Trend AnalysisOptic Disc and RNFL ThicknessMaps in order first to last.TUTSNIT Deviation MapsEach visit has separate colorand is plotted on the samegraph with normal rangeshown. Color Legend is nextto graph. RNFL parameter trend analysis shows graphically changes in RNFL parameters, Avg RNFL, Sup Avg, and Inf Avg.RNFL & Optic Disc parameter tablefor all exams. Color codedaccording to database comparison.Final column gives change from 58most recent visit to baseline. 59. 64/M, POAG (OS) 60. GCC scan 0.58 seconds 1 horizontal line with 7mm scanlength, followed by 15 verticallines with 7mm scan length and0.5mm interval, centered 1mmtemporal to fovea 61. Ganglion Cell Complex: Thickness / Deviationfrom Normal / Significance of Deviation GCC Thickness Deviation from Normal Significance of Deviation 62. GCC GlaucomaGCC Thickness Map Large area of superior tthinning OS, inferior thinningODDeviation Map shows 50%GCC loss in affected areasRegions with damage arehighly significantParameters are outsidenormal limits64 63. 3DComprehensivePresentation-Precise Discmarginverification-Visit-to-visitregistration-Sum of C-scans-User defineddepth of C-scan-Auto animationpresentation(Lower right orfull screen) 64. 3D Disc scan 2.2 seconds 101 frames equally spaced B-scans to cover a square volume fixation at 20o nasal 3D 65. 3D Optic Disc Auto-Animation 66. 3D Optic Disc Auto-Animation 67. Pachymetry scan 0.32 seconds 8 x 6mm x 2.0mmRadial Scans 68. Pachymetry Maps 69. Cornea power 70. Angle scan 0.04 seconds 1 x 3mm x 2.3mm 71. Angle measurement 72. OCT is useful in the measurement oftear meniscus in dry eye 73. Analyze Manu 3D Auto PlayDemo 74. Q&A