2012 tc bloggers course description

Upload: shairuz-caesar-briones-dugay

Post on 13-Apr-2018

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    1/9

    Project Presentation

    Course Rationale

    DDCP-YD/CHS/TC Blogg (2012) 1 Strasbourg, March 2012

    Project Young people combattinghate speech online

    Training course for young

    bloggersand online activists

    (2012201!"

    "#s$%#t$al s#&$ar' 20-2 Ma! 2012uro*#a Youth C#tr# Bu%a*#st

    -l#ar$g, ca&*a$g a% #t+or act$$t$#s'

    Ma! 2012 . D#c#&b#r 2013

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    2/9

    Call for #pplications

    2

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    3/9

    # call for young bloggers and online activists to ta$e action against racism

    and discrimination online

    Th# Couc$l o uro*# Youth D#*artt $$t#s all !oug blogg#rs a% ol$#act$$sts coc#r#% b! hu&a r$ghts $olat$os, hat# s*##ch ol$#, %$scr$&$at$oa% rac$s& to a**l! or th# tra$$g cours# ta$g *lac# b#t+## Ma! a% D#c#&b#r2012, co&*r$s$g a r#s$%#t$al s#&$ar b#t+## 20-2 Ma! 2012 $ th# uro*#a

    Youth C#tr# Bu%*a#st as a $rst stag# $ th#$r $ol#t $ a log t#r& ca&*a$gaga$st rac$s&, #o*hob$a a% %$scr$&$at$o

    urth#r $or&at$o about th# *ro#ct, th# tra$$g cours# a% th# a**l$cat$o

    *roc#ss ca b# ou% b#lo+

    The project fram%or$& Young people combating hate speech online

    Youg P#o*l# Co&bat$g Hat# S*##ch 4-l$# $s a *ro#ct o th# Couc$l ouro*#5s !outh s#ctor to b# ru b#t+## 2012 a% 2016 Th# *ro#ct a$&s toco&bat rac$s& a% %$scr$&$at$o $ th#$r ol$# #*r#ss$o o hat# s*##ch b!#7u$**$g !oug *#o*l# a% !outh orga$sat$os +$th th# co&*#t#c#s #c#ssar! to

    r#cog$s# a% act aga$st such hu&a r$ghts $olat$os Th# *ro#ct sta%s or#7ual$t! $ %$g$t!, hu&a r$ghts a% %$#rs$t! 8t $s a *ro#ct aga$st hat# s*##ch,

    rac$s& a% %$scr$&$at$o $ th#$r ol$# #*r#ss$o C#tr#% arou% a tra$$gcours# a% ol$# ca&*a$g$g, th# *ro#ct sta%s or act$o a% $t#r#t$o

    8$t$at#% b! th# 9%$sor! Couc$l o Youth, a% #%ors#% b! th# Jo$t Couc$lo Youth, th# *ro#ct st#&s ro& th# +orr!$g r$s# o hat# s*##ch o-l$# a% th#$%#a that o-l$# *ubl$c s*ac# $s *ubl$c s*ac# . hu&a r$ghts a**l! ol$# as &uch

    $ th# r#st o soc$#t! a% r##%o& o #*r#ss$o $s a cor# alu# o th# *ro#ct

    Hat# s*##ch as such $s ot a #+ $ssu# $ th# hu&a r$ghts %#bat#, $ts ol$#%$s$o, a% th# *ot#t$al $&*act th$s o#rs, g$#s #+ r#asos or coc#r

    a&og !oug *#o*l# a% !outh orga$sat$os :h$l# #as$#r to &o$tor a% cout#r$ &a$str#a& *ro#ss$oal %$a, th# chall#g# *os#% b! $ts ol$# &a$#stat$o $sth# $ca*ac$t! to &o$tor a% asur# $ts a&*l$tu%# a% $&*act :h$l# th# act$$t!o stat$c +#bs$t#s ca b# #as$l! trac#%, &ost o th# act$o $s actuall! ha**#$g $

    th# #cout#r s*ac#s ($# soc$al #t+or$g s$t#s), +h$ch ar# ar har%#r to &o$tora% aal!s#

    Th# Couc$l o uro*#5s Co&&$tt## o M$$st#rs; "#co&%at$o

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    4/9

    %$scr$&$at$o a% host$l$t! aga$st &$or$t$#s, &$grats a% *#o*l# o $&&$grator$g$;, *lac$g th# %$scuss$o o hat# s*##ch a% $ts r#gulat$o $ th# ra+or o

    at$-rac$st a% at$-%$scr$&$at$o +or co%uct#% b! th# orga$sat$oTh# Couc$l o uro*# has %##lo*#% s$g$$cat a&out o +or o %#al$g

    both +$th hat# s*##ch a% go#r$g th# 8t#r#t Th# bas$s or th# +or o th#Couc$l o uro*# +or $s that 8t#r#t $s a *ubl$c s*ac# that shoul% b# go#r#% b!

    hu&a r$ghts *r$c$*l#s a% alu#s a% shoul% cotr$but# to th# %##lo*t o ahu&a r$ghts cultur# Th# orga$sat$o ta#s a act$# rol# $ th# 8t#r#t

    >o#rac# global a% r#g$oal ora? *art o th$s +or $s th# %##lo*t o a%8t#r#t go#rac# strat#g! a% a Chart#r o 8t#r#t us#r r$ghts Th$s $s $

    a%%$t$o to th# ra+or *ro$%#% b! th# Bu%a*#st Co#t$o o C!b#rcr$ a%$ts 9%%$t$oal Protocol +h$ch calls or th# cr$&$al$sat$o o acts o a #o*hob$c a%rac$st atur# co&&$tt#% through co&*ut#r s!st#&s Th# 9%%$t$oal Protocol %#$#s

    @rac$st a% #o*hob$c &at#r$al5 as =+r$tt# &at#r$al, a! $&ag# or a! oth#r

    r#*r#s#tat$o o $%#as or th#or$#s, +h$ch a%ocat#%, *ro&ot#s or $c$t#s hatr#%,%$scr$&$at$o or $ol#c#, aga$st a! $%$$%ual or grou* o $%$$%uals, bas#% o

    rac#, colour, %#sc#%ac# or at$oal or #th$c or$g$, as +#ll as r#l$g$o $ us#% as a

    *r#t#t or a! o th#s# actors;

    Th# *ro#ct Youg P#o*l# Co&bat$g Hat# S*##ch 4-l$# bu$l%s o th##*#r$#c#s @9ll D$#r#t-9ll 7ual5 uro*#a !outh ca&*a$gs a% th# ca*ac$t! a%co&*#t#c# o !oug *#o*l# a% !outh orga$sat$os to act +$th$ ol$# s*ac#

    Th# *ro#ct +$ll &ob$l$s# uro*#a a% at$oal actors through a ar$#t! o

    act$$t$#s such as tra$$g cours#s, %##lo*t o #%ucat$oal &at#r$als, at$oals#&$ars a% co#r#c#s Th# h$ghl$ght o th# *ro#ct $s th# uro*#a !outh %$a

    ca&*a$g +h$ch +$ll b# %#s$g#% a% $&*l#t#% +$th th# ag#c! o !oug *#o*l#a% !outh orga$sat$os Th$s ca&*a$g +$ll $clu%# also at$oal ca&*a$gs a%$$t$at$#s $ or%#r to b# as clos# to !oug *#o*l# as *oss$bl# Th# ca&*a$g +$lla%o*t a *os$t$# a% *ro-act$# ssag# . a ca&*a$g or r##%o& o #*r#ss$o

    o-l$# . +h$l# ha$g a cl#ar stac# aga$st all or&s o rac$s& a% %$scr$&$at$oo-l$# Youth ro& grou*s targ#t#% b! o-l$# hat# s*##ch . such as r#ug##s a%

    as!lu&-s###rs, Musl$&s, A>BT a% "o&a . +$ll *la! a *art$cular rol# $ th#ca&*a$g Th# #t+or o !oug blogg#rs +$ll or& th# cor# o th# *ro#ct a% +$ll

    *la! a c#tral rol# $ th# *r#*arat$o o a o-l$# %$a ca&*a$g

    Project objectives

    To &ob$l$s# !oug *#o*l#, !outh orga$sat$os a% oth#r sta#hol%#rs

    to *ro&ot# hu&a r$ghts a% ta# act$o aga$st rac$s& a%%$scr$&$at$o $ ol$# s*ac#, +$th a *art$cular ocus o hat# s*##chol$#?

    To *ro$%# !oug ol$# act$$sts a% !outh orga$sat$os +$th

    co&*#t#c#s a% tools, to ta# act$o or hu&a r$ghts $ ol$#

    s*ac#?

    4

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    5/9

    To cotr$but# to th# %#&ocrat$c go#rac# o 8t#r#t, b! %##lo*$g

    gu$%#l$#s or *ol$c! a% *ract$c# $ r#s*#ct to !oug *#o*l# a% !outh

    orga$sat$os5 rol# $ &a$g th# ol$# s*ac# a hu&a r$ghts s*ac#a% #sur$g !outh5s *art$c$*at$o a% cotr$but$o to th# %##lo*t

    o 8t#r#t go#rac# $$t$at$#s that th# Couc$l o uro*# ta#s *art$?

    To &a* %$#r#t or&s o hat# s*##ch o-l$#, th#$r $&*act o !oug

    *#o*l# a% +a!s to a%%r#ss th#&?

    To *ro&ot# r#s#arch about th# or&s a% cos#7u#c#s o o-l$# hat#

    s*##ch o !oug *#o*l#?

    To cr#at# a% tra$ a #t+or o 0 !oug uro*#a ol$# act$$sts $

    hu&a r$ghts, ol$# ca&*a$g$g aga$st rac$s& a% %$scr$&$at$oa% to su**ort th#& $ ru$g a &$$-ca&*a$g ol$#?

    To %##lo* a% ru a uro*#a !outh %$a ca&*a$g aga$st rac$s&

    a% %$scr$&$at$o ha$g both a $t#rat$oal a% at$oal %$s$o

    a% *ro$%# ol$# hu&a r$ghts act$$sts +$th ca&*a$g tools a%&at#r$als?

    To su**ort th# %##lo*t o r#g$oal ca&*a$gs $ th# Balas,

    Caucasus a% M#%$t#rra#a ar#a ocus$g o at$s#&$t$s&,at$g!*s!$s&, aggr#ss$# at$oal$s& a% r#l$g$ous #tr#&$s&

    Project activities

    Th# *ro#ct *lac#s !oug *#o*l# a% !outh orga$sat$os at th# cor# o act$oa% $$t$at$# 8t cos$sts o a s#r$#s o act$$t$#s $ ol$# a% ol$# s*ac# that

    co&*l#t a% $t#rt+$# Th# uro*#a !outh %$a ca&*a$g +$ll b# su**ort#%b! s##ral oth#r ol$# act$$t$#s Th# ca&*a$g +$ll ha# a uro*#a %$s$o,but $t $s #*#ct#% to ha# at$oal a% r#g$oal ocus, th#r#or# $cr#as$g th#chac#s or r#al $&*act as rac$st a% %$scr$&$ator! cot#t a% s*##ch $s ot#

    %$str$but#% $ local laguag#s Th# uro*#a ca&*a$g +$ll ocus o %##lo*$g at-ha% &at#r$als a% tools or act$os a% o bu$l%$g a uro*#a-+$%# co&&u$t! o

    $t#r#st a% act$o aga$st rac$s& a% %$scr$&$at$o Th# uro*#a ca&*a$gshoul% th#r#or# #sur# that th# o$c#s, #*#r$#c#s a% coc#rs #*r#ss#% at

    local a% r#g$oal l##l ha# $s$b$l$t! a% rol# $ sha*$g th# uro*#a !outh *ol$c!ag#%a ss#t$al to th# ca&*a$g a% th# *ro#ct $s th# tra$$g o ol$# act$$stsa% blogg#rs that +$ll b# th# cor# grou* $ sha*$g a% carr!$g out th$s ca&*a$g

    Th# tra$$g $ $ts#l shoul% also b# s## as goo% *ract$c# to th# b# r#*l$cat#% atat$oal l##l Th# co&&u$t! o ol$# act$$sts gath#r#% b! th# tra$$g cours#shoul% sha*# a% su**ort th# ol$# ca&*a$g alog +$th th# oth#r %$#r#t

    #atur#s o th# *ro#ct' ol$# sur#!, at$oal a% s*#c$al$st s#&$ars

    'utline of main activities in the project&

    5

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    6/9

    1 - 'nline survey +$ll b# co%uct#% to $%#t$! th# *#rc#*t$o a% $&*act thathat# s*##ch has a&og !oug *#o*l# Th# sur#! +$ll b# us#% to gath#r %ata, to

    bu$l% u* a co&&u$t! o !oug act$$sts a% orga$sat$os a% to ocus th#ssag# o th# ca&*a$g

    2 - Training courses for online activists and bloggers+$ll gath#r 0 !ougact$$sts, alr#a%! act$# $ th# ol$# s*ac# a% abl# to &ult$*l! o+l#%g# a%

    &ob$l$s# !oug *#o*l# Th# tra$$g +$ll b# bas#% o bl#%#% l#ar$g a% +$llocus o such $ssu#s as' hu&a r$ghts, at$rac$s& a% at$%$scr$&$at$o, ol$#

    ca&*a$g$g? bu$l%$g a% act$at$g ol$# co&&u$t$#s

    3 . tudy sessionsr#al$s#% $ *art#rsh$* +$th uro*#a !outh orga$sat$os

    a% ta$g *lac# $ th# uro*#a Youth C#tr#s o th# Couc$l o uro*# +$ll alsosu**ort th# *ro#ct b! a$&$g to su**ort th# shar# o *ract$c# a% #*#r$#c# o

    th# to*$c a&og !outh +or#rs, but as +#ll to b# a laborator! +h#r# #+a**roach#s a% tho%s ar# %##lo*#% a% t#st#%

    6 - )ational seminars+$ll b# orga$s#% $ *art#rsh$* +$th go#rtal a%o-go#rtal *art#rs $ th# *ro#ct Th# at$oal s#&$ars +$ll su**ort th#uro*#a ca&*a$g a% +$ll ha# s*#c$$c th#&at$c ocus agr##% b! *art#rs

    - eminars+$ll b# r#al$s#% $ *art#rsh$* +$th oth#r s#ctors o th# Couc$l ouro*# $ol#% +$th %$a aa$rs a% %#&ocrat$c go#rac# o 8t#r#t

    . Youth media campaign a$&s to cr#at# a co&&u$t! o !oug *#o*l#

    &ot$at#% to %$scuss a% act aga$st hat# s*##ch ol$# a% to *lac# th# $ssu# ohat# s*##ch o th# ag#%a o !outh orga$sat$os

    7 - *ducational tools and materials +$ll b# cr#at#% to su**ort ca*ac$t!bu$l%$g o !outh orga$sat$os a% ol$# !outh act$$sts a% act$o or$#t#%

    tools that ca b# #as$l! a%a*t#% to s*#c$$c cot#ts

    . # campaign conference gath#r$g all th# sta#hol%#rs a% *art$c$*ats $

    th# *ro#ct +$ll b# h#l% $ 2013 Th# co#r#c# +$ll loo at th# o#rallach$##ts o th# *ro#ct a% +$ll ocus o &a$g *ol$c! gu$%#l$#s *ro*osals

    a% +a!s to urth#r th# act$o o !outh s#ctor o th# to*$c

    The training course for young bloggers and online activists

    Th# tra$$g cours# +$ll br$g tog#th#r !oug blogg#rs a% ol$# act$$sts&ot$at#% a% +$ll$g to urth#r ta# act$o a% *la! a c#tral rol# $ th# ca&*a$g

    %##lo*t

    Th# course objectivesar#'

    - to %##lo* o+l#%g#, s$lls a% att$tu%#s o *art$c$*ats $ r#s*#ct to hu&a

    r$ghts a% hu&a r$ghts *rot#ct$o *art$cularl! $ ol$# #$rots?

    6

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    7/9

    - to #abl# *art$c$*ats to r#cog$s# hu&a r$ghts $olat$os ol$#, *art$cularl!

    acts o rac$s& a% %$scr$&$at$o, hat# s*##ch ol$# a% su**ort$g th#& $ta$g act$o aga$st th#s# $olat$os?

    - to assoc$at# th# *art$c$*ats +$th th# *r#*arat$o o th# %$a ca&*a$g a%

    oth#r act$$t$#s $ th# *ro#ct?

    - to *ro$%# *art$c$*ats s*ac# a% t$ to shar# %$#r#t #*#r$#c#s o

    +or$g $ ol$# #$rot a% o to*$cs o th# *ro#ct?

    - to %$scuss a% r#l#ct o th# t!*#s a% or&s that hat# s*##ch ta#s ol$#

    a% th# ##cts $t has o !oug *#o*l#?

    - to a&$l$ar$s# *art$c$*ats +$th th# +or o th# Couc$l o uro*# $ th# $#l% o

    at$rac$s& a% at$-%$scr$&$at$o, as +#ll as $ r#s*#ct to 8t#r#tgo#rac#?

    - to %$scuss a% *la th# #t st#*s to b# ta# tog#th#r $ th# ra+or o

    th# ca&*a$g, su**ort$g *art$c$*ats $ $$t$at$g th#$r ol$# &$$-

    ca&*a$gs?

    - to s#t u* a #t+or o !oug act$$sts a% !outh orga$sat$os a$&$g to b#

    th# cor# o th# ca&*a$g

    The methodology of the training course

    Th# tra$$g cours# $s bas#% o bl#%#% l#ar$g, co&b$$g a r#s$%#t$altra$$g s#&$ar +$th %$stac# ol$# l#ar$g bas#% through th# #-l#ar$g Moo%l#bas#% *lator& o th# Couc$l o uro*# Th# tra$$g s#&$ar $s bas#% o *r$c$*l#s

    o o-or&al #%ucat$o, b#$g l#ar#r-c#tr#% a% h$ghl! *art$c$*ator! Th# o#rallcours# +$ll g$# *art$c$*ats th# o**ortu$t! to #*#r$#c#, r#l#ct a% %$scuss $ssu#s

    r#lat#% +$th hu&a r$ghts a% hu&a r$ghts $olat$os ol$#, *art$cularl! $ hat#s*##ch #*r#ss$o, but as +#ll $ r#s*#ct to ol$# act$$s& Th# #t$r# cours# $s

    %#s$g#% as a &utual l#ar$g s$tuat$o $ +h$ch, +$th us# o %$#rs# tho%s,

    *art$c$*ats ca co&*ar# th#$r a**roach#s a% +a!s o act$oCotr$but$os ro& %$#r#t #*#rts $ th# $#l% tog#th#r +$th #*#rts o th# Couc$lo uro*# $ th# $#l%s o at$rac$s&, !outh +or a% $t#r#t go#rac# +$llurth#r su**ort th# cours# a% *art$c$*ats5 l#ar$g both %ur$g th# s#&$ar a%through #-l#ar$g

    ollo+$g th# cours#, *art$c$*ats +$ll b# $ol#% $ #-l#ar$g to urth#r %##lo*th#$r co&*#t#c#s a% +$ll act as &a$ actors $ th# ca&*a$g to b# lauch#% lat#r$ th# !#ar Part$c$*ats +$ll ha# a chac# to cotr$but# to sha*# th# or&at a%act$$t$#s o th# uro*#a +$%# ca&*a$g, a% ar# #*#ct#% to start $$t$at$#s

    r#ach$g out to th# co&&u$t$#s th#! act$at# a% +or +$th a% %#al$g +$ths*#c$$c $ssu#s o coc#r $ th# ra+or o th# ca&*a$g ($# hat# s*##ch

    aga$st "o&a $ a *art$cular r#g$o)

    Part$c$*ats ar# also #*#ct#% to ta# *art $ th# oth#r %$#r#t act$$t$#s o th#*ro#ct, such as th# at$oal s#&$ars or th# %##lo*t o th# #%ucat$oal tools

    Profile of participants

    Th# tra$$g cours# $s %#s$g#% or *art$c$*ats +ho ar#'

    7

  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    8/9

    ag#% b#t+## 1 a% 30 !#ars, #c#*t$os ca b# &a%# $ ust$$#%?

    alr#a%! !oug blogg#rs or !oug hu&a r$ghts act$$sts, soc$al %$a

    act$$sts, !oug *#o*l# $ol#% $ co&&u$t! b##$t ol$# *ro#cts +$th a

    *ro# ca*ac$t! to &ob$l$s# a% &ult$*l! $or&at$o a% o*$$o a&og

    oth#r !oug *#o*l#? co&&$tt#% to alu#s o hu&a r$ghts a% b# $t#r#st#% to urth#r ta# act$o

    aga$st rac$s& a% %$scr$&$at$o 8 ol$# #$rots?

    &ot$at#% to ta# act$# *art $ all *has#s o th# *ro#ct?

    ha# at l#ast a %$u& l##l o %$g$tal co&*#t#c#, a% ar# a%ac#% us#rs

    o soc$al %$a?

    abl# to +or autoo&ousl! $ th# gl$sh laguag#?

    ar# #$th#r su**ort#% b! a !outh orga$sat$o a%/or a $or&al grou* o

    act$$sts or co&&u$t! ol$#?

    ha# *ro# ca*ac$t! to &ob$l$s# !oug *#o*l# ol$# arou% $ssu#s o th#$r

    coc#r, but *art$cularl! r#lat#% +$th r##%o& o #*r#ss$o, hu&a r$ghts,

    at-rac$s& a% at$-%$scr$&$at$o, ol$# ca&*a$g$g a% act$$s&

    #pplication+ procedure and selection of participants

    9ll ca%$%at#s &ust a**l! o-l$#, co&*l#t$g th# a**l$cat$o or& u%#r th$s

    l$'http://youthapplications.coe.int/

    9**l$cat$os &ust b# sub&$tt#% b! 1, #pril 2012 8 th# *art$c$*at $sa$l$at#% +$th a orga$sat$o, a l#tt#r o su**ort ro& th#$r s#%$g orga$sat$o

    ca b# u*loa%#% o th# *lator& or s#t s#*arat#l! b! #-&a$l, a or *ost to #*r#sssu**ort o#r#% throughout th# *ro#ct to th# *art$c$*at a% h$s/h#r $$t$at$#s

    Th# t#a& +$ll s#l#ct 30 *art$c$*ats o th# bas$s o th# th# *ro$l# outl$#%abo# Th# s#l#ct$o +$ll also ta# $to accout balac# b#t+## s##s,g#ogra*h$cal r#g$os, %$#r#t t!*#s o #*#r$#c#s, cultural bacgrou%s a%

    orga$sat$os, $st$tut$os a% *ro#cts 9 +a$t$g l$st &a! b# #stabl$sh#%Ca%$%at#s +$ll b# $or% about +h#th#r th#$r a**l$cat$o has b## acc#*t#% or

    r##ct#%, a% $ th#! ha# b## *ut o th# +a$t$g l$st, b! 2- #pril 2012

    .eadline for applicationsTh# a**l$cat$o or& &ust b# sub&$tt#% o-l$#, +$th th# su**ort l#tt#rs $

    a**l$cabl#, ut$l 1, #pril 2012

    /inancial and practical conditions of participationor$ing language

    Th# co&&o +or$g laguag# o th# cours# +$ll b# gl$sh Ca%$%at#s &ust b#abl# to us# th# gl$sh laguag# $%#*#%#tl! $ both +r$tt# a% oralco&&u$cat$o

    Travel epensesTra#l #*#s#s a% $sa costs or all r#s$%#t$al tra$$g s#&$ars o th# *ro#ct

    ar# r#$&burs#% u*o *r#s#tat$o o th# r#l#at r#c#$*ts, accor%$g to th# rul#s

    8

    http://youthapplications.coe.int/http://youthapplications.coe.int/
  • 7/27/2019 2012 TC Bloggers Course Description

    9/9

    o th# Couc$l o uro*# 4l! th# *art$c$*ats +ho att#% th# #t$r# tra$$gcours# ca b# r#$&burs#% Th# *a!t +$ll b# &a%# #$th#r b! ba tras#r

    at#r #ach cours#, or at th# #% o #ach cours# $ cash ($ uros)

    #ccommodationBoar% a% lo%g$g or th# tra$$g s#&$ar ar# *ro$%#% a% *a$% or b! th#

    Couc$l o uro*# at th# uro*#a Youth C#tr# $ Bu%a*#st

    *nrolment fee9 #rolt ## o 0 *uros $s to b# *a$% b! #ach *art$c$*at or #ach tra$$g

    s#&$ar Th$s a&out +$ll b# %#%uct#% ro& th# a&out to b# r#$&burs#% ortra#l #*#s#s or *a$% at th# YC %ur$g th# cours#

    9