2011 season of f1 (wikipedia)

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2011 Formula One season 1

2011 Formula One season

2011

FIA Formula One World Championship season

Previous: 2010 Next: 2012 Races by country Races by season

Sebastian Vettel successfullydefended his World Championship,eclipsing Fernando Alonso as the

youngest double World Champion inFormula One history.

McLaren's Jenson Button came in second behindVettel by a then record gap of 122 points.

The 2011 Formula One season was the 62nd season of FIA FormulaOne motor racing. The original calendar for the 2011 Formula OneWorld Championship consisted of twenty rounds, including theinaugural running of the Indian Grand Prix before the cancellation of the Bahrain Grand Prix. Pirelli returned to the sport as tyre supplier forall teams, taking over from Bridgestone. Red Bull Racing were the

reigning Constructor's Champions. Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettelwas the defending Drivers' Champion, one of five World Championsappearing on the grid. Vettel won his second World Championship atthe 2011 Japanese Grand Prix, becoming the youngest driver, at 24years and 98 days, to do so. Red Bull Racing won the Constructors'Championship.
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qualifying session. The Saubers of Sergio Prez and Kamui Kobayashi were disqualified for a technical infringementwhen their cars failed a post-race scrutineering inspection.

Vettel continued his title defence in Malaysia, taking pole from Hamilton in the dying moments of the session by justone tenth of a second. Vettel went on to win the race by three seconds from Jenson Button, who also claimed secondplace in the points standings; with two wins, Vettel left Malaysia with twice as many points as the McLaren driver.

Nick Heidfeld took Renault's second successive podium and Fernando Alonso made a mistake, making contact withLewis Hamilton and forcing him to pit for a new front wing, and costing him a potential podium. Hamilton himself slipped down the order after changing to the harder prime tyres and struggling with grip.

Vettel once again took pole in China, whilst team-mate Webber made a poor tyre choice and was eliminated fromthe first qualifying period for the first time since the 2009 Bahrain Grand Prix. Vettel made a poor start in the raceand was quickly overcome by the McLarens of Button and Hamilton. Button and Vettel pitted together, but Buttonmade a bizarre mistake, mistakenly pulling up in the Red Bull pits, and allowing Vettel to get back out onto thecircuit in front of him. The lead changed several times as the race progressed before Vettel settled into position, buton deteriorating tyres, he was caught and passed by Hamilton four laps from the end. Having started in eighteenthposition, Mark Webber recovered to achieve the third podium place.

Sebastian Vettel earned his fourth pole of the season in Turkey, becoming the first person to start the first four raceson pole since Mika Hkkinen in 1999. Vettel led the race from the lights to the flag, ahead of Mark Webber andFernando Alonso, who gained Ferrari's first podium finish of the year. McLaren struggled with a series of slow pitstops, whilst the promise shown by Mercedes in qualifying was lost in the race when their cars were fuel-heavy andrunning on the harder prime tyre compound.

Mark Webber ended Vettel's run of consecutive pole positions at the Spanish Grand Prix, but it was fourth-startingFernando Alonso that led the field into the first corner and through much of the early phase of the race. He waseventually overtaken in the pits by Vettel, and slipped down the order to finish a lap behind as Ferrari struggled withPirelli's brand-new "extra hard" compound, which was specifically designed for endurance, but was two seconds perlap slower than the softer compounds used. Vettel went on to win the race, but Red Bull's one-second advantage inqualifying was gone by the race as Lewis Hamilton spent most of the final stint within one second of the lead. Aftermaking a poor start and slipping down to tenth place, Jenson Button used a three-stop strategy to recover to thirdplace.

The Monaco Grand Prix was marred by a string of accidents throughout the weekend that saw two drivershospitalised; Sergio Prez crashed heavily at the Nouvelle Chicane in the final qualifying period and suffered aconcussion, while Vitaly Petrov was briefly knocked unconscious in a five-car pile-up late in the race that saw thered flags waved and the race stopped for the first time since the 2010 Korean Grand Prix. Sebastian Vettel achievedboth pole position and the race win ahead of Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button, who had been rapidly catching therace leaders at the time of the race stoppage.
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After nine races, Sebastian Vettel had notfinished lower than second. He is seen heretaking his fifth victory of the season at the

Monaco Grand Prix.

Vettel took his sixth pole of the season in Montreal, with the raceseverely affected by rain. The early stages of the race saw JensonButton and Lewis Hamilton collide on the pit straight, and Buttonearning a drive-through penalty for speeding behind the safety car afterit was deployed to retrieve the stricken McLaren of Hamilton. On lap

twenty-five, the race was stopped for two hours in the face of atorrential downpour that made the circuit undriveable. When the racewas finally resumed, a narrow dry line began to appear around thecircuit, and Button began to work his way through the field, having runas low as twenty-first and last place after his penalty. With four laps togo, Button had passed Mark Webber and Michael Schumacher forsecond place and was catching Vettel at a rate that meant he would

only catch the championship leader on the final lap. Vettel ran wide and off the dry line of the final lap of the race,handing Button the race win. Schumacher matched his best race result since returning to the sport, with a fourthplace. At Sauber, Sergio Prez elected not to compete after reporting that he felt unwell during the first practice

session, and he was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa.Pirelli's medium-compound tyre made its race debut in Valencia, which once again saw Vettel on pole. There wasmuch speculation about the potential for the field to be shaken up by the introduction of engine mapping bans, butthe reigning champion led for most of the race, ceding the lead only when called in to pit. He comfortably gained hissixth victory of the season when the leaders moved onto the medium compound tyres, with second-placed FernandoAlonso demonstrating that the Ferrari 150 Italia was unable to use the medium tyres as efficiently as the Red BullRB7. With all twenty-four cars finishing the race, Hispania Racing's Narain Karthikeyan became the first man in thesport's history to finish a Grand Prix in twenty-fourth position as the race broke the record for the most classifiedfinishers; the 2011 Chinese Grand Prix had previously seen twenty-three classified finishers.

Uncertainty over rule changes and exemptions concerning the use of off-throttle blown diffusers dominated off-trackdiscussion at the British Grand Prix, though consensus within the media was that the issue did not directly affect thesport. Mark Webber started from pole position in the race; however, Sebastian Vettel took the lead on the first lap. Amistake from Red Bull in the pits allowed Fernando Alonso to take control of the race, which he went on to win bysixteen seconds, his first victory since the 2010 Korean Grand Prix. Webber caught Vettel in the dying stages of therace, but was given a late team order to maintain his position, and the Australian finished third behind his team-mate.Felipe Massa was similarly catching Lewis Hamilton, whose progress had been hampered by an order to conservefuel, for fourth position and the two made contact in the penultimate corner on the last lap, forcing Massa to run wideover the finish line. Jenson Button fell from second to fifth place in the championship when a wheel nut wasimproperly attached to his car during his final stop, forcing his retirement from the race.
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Jenson Button, race winner in his 200th GrandPrix start, is accompanied by Vettel (second),

Alonso (third) and his engineer Dave Robson onthe podium at the Hungarian Grand Prix

Webber achieved his second successive pole position in Germany,while Hamilton denied Red Bull a front-row lock-out by qualifyingsecond. Vettel was third, the first time he had qualified outside thefront row since the 2010 Italian Grand Prix almost one year previously.Hamilton took the lead going into the first corner of the race, and the

early stages of the Grand Prix were marked by the drivers attemptingto find grip on an unusually cold circuit. As Hamilton, Alonso andWebber pulled away, Vettel struggled to match their pace following aspin at turn ten. Michael Schumacher had an identical episode at thesame corner a few laps later, whilst Sbastien Buemi and NickHeidfeld collided at the chicane, ending Heidfeld's race. There weremultiple lead changes between Hamilton, Webber and Alonso, withHamilton capitalising on a slow in-lap by Alonso and a strategy errorfrom Red Bull to secure victory. Alonso placed second, with Webberthird, while Sebastian Vettel stole fourth away from Felipe Massa

when the two drivers pitted on the final lap.Vettel returned to pole position in Hungary; however, Lewis Hamilton qualified second and was able to save an extraset of softer option tyres for the race. After mixed conditions wreaked havoc in the support races, the Grand Prixstarted with a wet surface. Vettel established an early lead, but was soon passed by Hamilton and Jenson Button as adry line appeared. The positions remained constant through the halfway point of the race while Team Lotusexperienced their second double-retirement in three races and Nick Heidfeld's Renault exploded after a prolonged pitstop. A mid-race shower on the fortieth lap led to Hamilton spinning, forcing Force India's Paul di Resta off thecircuit and allowing Button to close the gap. The two McLaren drivers traded places several times in the greasyconditions, with Hamilton leading long enough to give him the first strategy call within the team. He opted to swapto the intermediate tyres, but the track started to dry out and he was given a drive-through penalty for forcing diResta off the circuit, taking him out of contention for a podium finish. Jenson Button went on to win the race, his200th Grand Prix start and the scene of his maiden victory ahead of Vettel in second and Fernando Alonso. Hamiltonrecovered from his penalty to take fourth position from Mark Webber, whilst Felipe Massa who had out-qualifiedAlonso for the first time since the 2010 Belgian Grand Prix was the final car classified on the lead lap in sixthplace.

The Belgian Grand Prix marked twenty years since Michael Schumacher's Formula One debut, but Schumacher hada difficult start to the weekend when he lost a wheel on his out-lap in qualifying, sending him to the back of the grid.Bruno Senna replaced Nick Heidfeld at Renault, qualifying seventh in variable conditions on his return to FormulaOne. However, his success was short-lived when he crashed into Jaime Alguersuari on the first lap, endingAlguersuari's race and earning himself a penalty. Nico Rosberg led the early stages of the race, but was powerless todefend against Sebastian Vettel once theDRS was activated. The lead changed several times in the first half of therace, but Vettel eventually established a comfortable lead and would remain unchallenged. With Vettel winningtherace and Webber finishing second, Red Bull secured their first one-two victory since Istanbul. Despite leading therace at one point, Fernando Alonso struggled with his tyres, and slipped down the running order, being passed byMark Webber and Jenson Button, who had recovered from thireteenth on the grid. Michael Schumacher alsorecovered; having started twenty-fourth on the grid, he was fifth at the end of the race, behind Alonso and ahead of Rosberg. Lewis Hamilton crashed out of the race early on, making contact with Kamui Kobayashi at Les Combes.Both Senna[1]and Hamilton[2]admitted responsibility for their respective incidents.

At the Italian Grand Prix, Vettel took once again pole position, beating Hamilton by half a second, but it was thefourth-starting Fernando Alonso who led the race going into the first corner. Vitantonio Liuzzi made contact withKovalainen and lost control, sliding off the grass and crashing heavily into Rosberg and Petrov and triggering the
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safety car. Vettel took the lead from Alonso one lap after the restart, while Schumacher overtook Hamilton. MarkWebber attempted to pass Felipe Massa, but the two made contact, pitching Massa into a spin. Webber continuedwith a broken front wing, crashing at Parabolicaas he attempted to return to pit. Furtherdown the order, Schumacherreceived several carefully worded instructions from team principal Ross Brawn, reminding him not to cut across thetrack to defend against Hamilton. Schumacher's duel with Hamilton slowed them down enough for Jenson Button tocatch up; where Hamilton took thirty laps to pass Schumacher, Button passed him on his first attempt and startedcatching the second-placed Alonso. Vettel went on to win the race, extending his lead enough that he would need just one more win to win his second World Championship. Webber's failure to finish meant that he fell to fourth inthe drivers' standings, behind Alonso and Button, while Hamilton's fourth place meant he fell further behind in thechampionship.

Sebastian Vettel became the youngest doubleWorld Champion at the Japanese Grand Prix, byfinishing third behind race winner Jenson Button

and Fernando Alonso.

Sebastian Vettel obtained his eleventh pole of the season in Singapore,and spent most of the race unchallenged. Jenson Button attempted alate push, but was held up by traffic in the final laps of the race and fellbehind. Button's podium meant that the championship would remainunresolved for the time being, but with his ninth victory of the season,

Sebastian Vettel closed to within one point of securing his secondWorld Drivers' Championship and becoming the sport's youngest-everdouble World Champion. Mark Webber completed the podium in third,while Fernando Alonso finished fourth, over a minute behind Vettel.An early collision with Felipe Massa meant Lewis Hamilton washanded a drive-through penalty his sixth of the season and slippedout of the points, but a mid-race safety car for a collision involving

Michael Schumacher and Sergio Prez helped Hamilton recover to fifth. However, the end result meant that Webber,Alonso and Hamilton were all eliminated from the championship fight.

The championship came to a head in Japan, with Sebastian Vettel out-qualifying championship rival Jenson Buttonby just nine thousandths of a second. Vettel forced Button wide at the start, but the McLaren driver was able torecover, under-cutting Vettel in the pits during the second round of stops. Button went on to win the race, his thirdvictory of the season, while Fernando Alonso finished second. Vettel completed the podium, securing his secondWorld Drivers' Championship. Mark Webber finished the race fourth, with Lewis Hamilton fifth and MichaelSchumacher defending from Felipe Massa to finish sixth. Nico Rosberg secured the final World Championship pointin by finishing tenth, having started twenty-third on the grid.

Lewis Hamilton and McLaren ended Red Bull's monopoly on pole position at the Korean Grand Prix, with Hamiltonedging out Champion-elect Vettel by two tenths of a second. Vettel seized the lead early in the race, and remainedunthreatened for the rest of the race. Hamilton engaged in a race-long duel with Mark Webber, with the Australian

following an unusual strategy choice. He was unable to pass Hamilton, who collected his first podium position sincehis victory in the German Grand Prix. Jenson Button finished the race fourth ahead of Fernando Alonso. In finishingfirst and third, Red Bull secured their second consecutive World Constructors' Championship.

Vettel claimed his first "Grand Chelem" at theinauguralIndian Grand Prix, claiming pole position, the fastest lapand leading every lap of the race. The race saw several incidents on the first lap, with contact between several driversat the first corner, and again at Turn 3. Jenson Button tightened his grasp on second place in the championship,finishing eight seconds behind Vettel, whilst Fernando Alonso completed the podium ahead of Mark Webber. LewisHamilton fell further behind after making contact with Felipe Massa at the halfway point, the third time the two hadcome together in four races. Narain Karthikeyan became the first Indian driver to compete in the Indian Grand Prix,finishing seventeenth ahead of Hispania team-mate Daniel Ricciardo and Jarno Trulli, a victim of the first-lapcontact.
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Sebastian Vettel equalled Nigel Mansell's record of fourteen pole positions in a season when he was fastest inqualifying at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. Vettel however despite maintaining the lead into the first corner spunoff at Turn 2 with a right rear puncture. He pitted at the end of the lap and had to retire with suspension damage.Hamilton led the whole race, except the pit stop phases, and won the race ahead of Fernando Alonso and teammateJenson Button. This meant that Red Bull's podium streak came to an end, despite Webber finishing fourth.

At the final race of the season in Brazil, Vettel broke Mansell's record, taking his fifteenth pole position. Webberemerged victorious, scoring his first race win since the 2010 Hungarian Grand Prix. Hamilton retired on lap 48 witha gearbox problem, joining Pastor Maldonado, Timo Glock, and later Vitantonio Liuzzi on the list of raceretirements. Felipe Massa, finishing fifth in his home race, became the first Ferrari driver since Ivan Capelli in 1992who failed to finish on the podium all season.

Teams and driversAfter a dispute between the Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) and the FIA in the first half of 2009, a newConcorde Agreement was signed on 1 August 2009 by the then FIA president Max Mosley and all of the existingteams at the time. The new agreement provides for a continuation of the terms of the 1998 agreement, and runs until31 December 2012. The FIA published a provisional entry list on 30 November 2010, which was revised on 2December 2010.

Team Constructor Chassis Engine Tyre No. Race Drivers Rounds Free PracticeDriver(s)

Red Bull Racing Red Bull-Renault RB7 RenaultRS27-2011

P 1 SebastianVettel

AllN/A

2 Mark Webber All

VodafoneMcLaren Mercedes

McLaren-Mercedes MP4-26 Mercedes FO108Y

P 3 LewisHamilton

AllN/A

4 Jenson Button All

Scuderia FerrariMarlboro

Scuderia Ferrari

Ferrari 150Italia

Ferrari 056 P 5 FernandoAlonso

All

N/A6 Felipe Massa All

Mercedes GPPetronas F1 Team

Mercedes MGPW02

Mercedes FO108Y

P 7 MichaelSchumacher

AllN/A

8 Nico Rosberg All

Lotus Renault GP Renault R31 RenaultRS27-2011

P 9 Nick Heidfeld1 11 Bruno Senna Romain

GrosjeanBruno Senna12 19

10 Vitaly Petrov All

AT&T Williams Williams-Cosworth FW33 CosworthCA2011K

P 11 RubensBarrichello

All

N/A12 Pastor

MaldonadoAll

Force India F1Team

ForceIndia-Mercedes

VJM04 Mercedes FO108Y

P 14 Adrian Sutil All NicoHlkenberg15 Paul di Resta All
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ssociationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA%E2%80%93FOTA_disputehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1992_Formula_One_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Capellihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felipe_Massahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitantonio_Liuzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timo_Glockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pastor_Maldonadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_Hungarian_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Brazilian_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Abu_Dhabi_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Formula_One_driver_records%23Most_pole_positions_in_a_seasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigel_Mansell


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Team changes

The season started with controversy when twoteams using the Lotus name were entered onto the

grid, Lotus Renault GP (foreground) and TeamLotus (background).

At the British Grand Prix, Scuderia Ferrari announced they wouldremove Marlboro from their official team name in response to whatthey described as "recent concerns" regarding their association withthe tobacco brand.

In the week before the Korean Grand Prix, Force India announcedthat the Lucknow-based Sahara India Pariwar conglomerate hadpurchased a 42.5% stake in the team, giving them co-ownershipwith team principal Vijay Mallya. The team was subsequentlyrenamed Sahara Force India

Hispania announced several major partnerships in November 2010.Chief among these was an arrangement that will see Williamssupply the Murcia-based team with transmission systems for the2011 season, whilst forming a partnership with Spanishbusinessman Juan Villalonga, who was previously affiliated withMinardi as CEO of Telefnica. In July 2011, Thesan Capital, a Madrid-based investment company purchased acontrolling stake in the team from owner Jos Ramn Carabante. Thesan Capital announced the team's operationswould continue as they had before the purchase, and that they had no plans to change the team name or alter itsoperational structure. In a statement released to the media, Thesan Capital described their intentions as making theteam "more Spanish" and settling the team within Spain; the team had previously been supported by a complexownership arrangement that saw team principal Colin Kolles control the physical team, with Carabante owningthe rights to the team's entry.

Lotus Racing team principal Tony Fernandes purchased the rights to the Team Lotus name from David Hunt, withthe intention of renaming the team to reflect its historical counterpart for the 2011 season. The use of the Team

Lotus name led to a naming dispute with Lotus Cars. The team announced that they had terminated theirthree-year contract with engine supplier Cosworth; and will use Renault engines from 2011. On 8 December 2010, Lotus Cars announced a partnership with Renault F1 that saw the British sports car

manufacturer become title sponsor of theteam, with a view to taking full control over the next few years.Confusion over the exact status over ownership of the team led team principal ric Boullier to clarify that GeniiCapital has full ownership of the team, with former owners Renault retreating to a position as engine supplier.The team will be known as Lotus Renault GP, and the chassis and constructor will still be known as Renault forreasons related to the Concorde Agreement, similar to Sauber retaining the "BMW Sauber" name in 2010 despitethe departure of BMW at the end of 2009.

In March 2011, it was announced that Infiniti, the luxury brand of Japanese car manufacturer Nissan of whom

Renault own a 44% stake, would become a major sponsor of Red Bull Racing. However, contradictory to earlyreports, the arrangement with Infiniti has not extended to an engine re-branding.

BMW Sauber announced in July 2010 that it will revert to the name Sauber in 2011. The team was forced toretain the BMW naming for 2010 due to issues involving television rights money that would not have been paidhad the team changed their name.

After a Williams demonstration run in Caracas, it was confirmed that Venezuelan state-controlled oil companyPDVSA would enter into a long-term sponsorship deal with the team, replacing outgoing sponsors RBS, Philipsand AirAsia.

After sponsoring the team for the 2010 season, Russian sports car manufacturer Marussia acquired what theytermed a "significant stake" of Virgin Racing, with the team changing its name to Marussia Virgin Racing.

Further reports confirmed that Marussia had purchased a controlling stake in the team, securing their future until2014. The team split with Wirth Research mid-season after a technical review by former Renault F1 Team
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engineering director Pat Symonds found that Virgin's CFD-only approach had failed. In the week before theBritish Grand Prix, Virgin announced a technical partnership with McLaren that granted them access toMcLaren's testing facilities as well as the purchase of Wirth Research facilities.

Driver changes

DAMS GP2 driver Jrme d'Ambrosio replaced Lucas di Grassi at Virgin Racing, having previously driven forthe team during Friday practice sessions at selected events in 2010. Di Grassi did not have his contract withVirgin Racing renewed. With only a handful of vacant racing seats available ahead of the winter testing period, heannounced that would concentrate on a return to the sport in 2012 rather than attempt to secure a seat in 2011.

DTM champion Paul di Resta replaced Vitantonio Liuzzi at Force India, having previously driven for the teamduring Friday practice sessions at selected events in 2010.

Nico Hlkenberg was dropped by Williams on the eve of the 2010 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. After turning downoffers from several teams, including HRT and Virgin, Hlkenberg joined Force India as test and reserve driver.As a part of his arrangement with the team, Hlkenberg will drive a VJM04 in the Friday morning free practicesession of each Grand Prix.

Narain Karthikeyan returned to Formula One with Hispania after last racing with Jordan Grand Prix in 2005,which was run at the time by Hispania team principal Colin Kolles. Karthikeyan also collaborated with Kolles onan unsuccessful attempt at the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, and he competed in the 2010 NASCAR CampingWorld Truck Series in a limited campaign. He also competed in an A1GP season for India.

Robert Kubica was injured while competing in the Ronde di Andora rally during the winter off-season, leavinghim with multiple fractures to his arm, hand and leg. The nature of his injuries were serious enough to preventhim from starting the season, while the surgeon who operated on Kubica has said that his recovery could take upto an entire year. His former BMW Sauber team-mate Nick Heidfeld was later confirmed as his replacement atLotus Renault GP.

After being released from his contract with Force India one year in advance of its expiration, Vitantonio Liuzzi

officially joined Hispania Racing as their second driver at the final test of the season, filling the last vacant racingseat on the grid. As a result of this, Hispania's part-time racing drivers Karun Chandhok, Christian Klien andSakon Yamamoto were all unable to secure contracts to race.

2010 GP2 Series champion Pastor Maldonado was signed by Williams after testing for the team in the youngdriver tests in Abu Dhabi.

Sergio Prez, runner-up in the GP2 Series for Barwa Addax, was signed by Sauber to partner Kamui Kobayashi.His signing coincided with the announcement of a partnership between Carlos Slim's telecommunications groupTelmex and the Sauber team.

Bruno Senna left Hispania Racing after a single season. Comments made by team principal Colin Kollessuggested that the nephew of three-time World Champion Ayrton Senna had a strained relationship with the team.

Senna was later confirmed to have joined Lotus Renault GP as a part of their test and reserve team, and is the firstin line to take over driving duties should either of the team's established drivers be unable to race.

Sakon Yamamoto moved from Hispania Racing as a full-time driver to become a test driver for Virgin Racing forthe first three races after he was unable to secure a contract to continue racing with Hispania.

Mid-season changes

Pedro de la Rosa replaced Sergio Prez at the Canadian Grand Prix due to Prez feeling unwell after the firstpractice session, following a heavy crash at the previous round in Monaco.

On 30 June, Hispania Racing announced that Australian Daniel Ricciardo at the time testing and reserve driverfor Scuderia Toro Rosso and racing for ISR in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series would be replacing NarainKarthikeyan for the remainder of the 2011 season in what was described as an audition for a future race seat withScuderia Toro Rosso.
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Karun Chandhok returned to Formula One, replacing Jarno Trulli at Team Lotus for the German Grand Prix,having previously fulfilled a Friday testing role in Melbourne, Istanbul, Valencia and Silverstone. Chandhok's lastrace meeting had been the 2010 British Grand Prix when he raced for Hispania. Trulli returned to the car for theHungarian Grand Prix.

On 24 August, it was announced that Bruno Senna would replace Nick Heidfeld at Renault for the Belgian andItalian Grands Prix, leading to uncertainty over the status of the seat from the Singapore Grand Prix onwards. Theteam cited Heidfeld's failure to deliver speed to take on the role of a strong leader as the reason for his dismissal,rather than financial reasons. Renault indicated that they wished for Senna to race for the rest of the season, but"legal issues" threatened Senna's contract with the team. On 2 September, Renault confirmed that Heidfeld'scontract had been legally terminated and Senna would drive alongside Vitaly Petrov for the remainder of theseason.

Narain Karthikeyan returned to Hispania for the Indian Grand Prix, replacing Vitantonio Liuzzi. Liuzzi returnedto the team for the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.

2011 calendar

On 16 April 2010, Bernie Ecclestone confirmed that there would be twenty races in 2011; all the races from the 2010season and the addition of the Indian Grand Prix. A provisional calendar was announced on 8 September 2010,which was confirmed on 3 November 2010. This was later revised to nineteen races with the postponement and latercancellation of the Bahrain Grand Prix.

Round Race Title Grand Prix Circuit Date

1 Qantas Australian Grand Prix Australian GP Albert Park, Melbourne 27 March

2 Petronas Malaysia Grand Prix Malaysia GP Sepang International Circuit, Kuala Lumpur 10 April

3 UBS Chinese Grand Prix Chinese GP Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai 17 April

4 DHL Turkish Grand Prix Turkish GP Istanbul Park, Istanbul 8 May5 Gran Premio de Espaa Santander Spanish GP Circuit de Catalunya, Barcelona 22 May

6 Grand Prix de Monaco Monaco GP Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo 29 May

7 Grand Prix du Canada Canadian GP Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal 12 June

8 Grand Prix of Europe European GP Valencia Street Circuit, Valencia 26 June

9 Santander British Grand Prix British GP Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone 10 July

10 Groer Preis Santander von Deutschland German GP Nrburgring, Nrburg 24 July

11 Eni Magyar Nagydj Hungarian GP Hungaroring, Budapest 31 July

12 Shell Belgian Grand Prix Belgian GP Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Spa 28 August

13 Gran Premio Santander d'Italia Italian GP Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Monza 11 September

14 SingTel Singapore Grand Prix Singapore GP Marina Bay Street Circuit, Marina Bay 25 September

15 Japanese Grand Prix Japanese GP Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka 9 October

16 Korean Grand Prix Korean GP Korea International Circuit, Yeongam 16 October

17 Airtel Grand Prix of India Indian GP Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida30 October

18 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Abu Dhabi GP Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi 13 November

19 Grande Prmio Petrobras do Brasil Brazilian GP Autdromo Jos Carlos Pace, So Paulo 27 November
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11_Abu_Dhabi_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitantonio_Liuzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Indian_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Singapore_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Italian_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Belgian_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_F1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nick_Heidfeldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Sennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Hungarian_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hispania_Racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_British_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_British_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_European_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Turkish_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Australian_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_German_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Team_Lotus_%282010%E2%80%9311%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jarno_Trullihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karun_Chandhok


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Calendar changes

The Yas Marina Circuit was to be reconfigured for the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix following heavy criticism over alack of overtaking in the 2010 race. The organisers of the race elected to postpone the circuit modifications forone year in the face of rule changes the introduction of Pirelli tyres and the Drag Reduction System that theyfelt directly addressed the criticisms levelled at the circuit.

The Bahrain Grand Prix was originally scheduled to be the opening race of the season on 13 March, but wascalled off by the organisers in light of anti-government protests in the country. A final decision on whether therace was to be rescheduled for later in the year or cancelled outright had to be made by 3 June. At this meeting theWorld Motor Sport Council (WMSC) voted unanimously to reinstate the race to the calendar, rescheduling it for30 October 2011. The inaugural Indian Grand Prix would have moved to be the final race of the season inDecember to accommodate the change. However, the Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) opposed therescheduling. One week after the WMSC voted to return the race to the calendar, organisers for the BahrainGrand Prix officially abandoned their bid to return to the calendar. The Indian Grand Prix was restored to itsoriginal date.

The German Grand Prix moved from the Hockenheimring to the Nrburgring, in keeping with the event-sharing

arrangement between the two circuits. The 2011 season saw the addition of the Indian Grand Prix to the calendar. Originally known as the Jaypee Group

Circuit, the venue was officially renamed the Buddh International Circuit in April 2011. Airtel was subsequentlyannounced as title sponsor for the inaugural race.

The Malaysian Grand Prix changed its name to the Malaysia Grand Prix as part of efforts to promote the country.

Rule changes 2011 saw the return of the 107% rule in qualifying. Under this arrangement, any driver who fails toset a time

within 107% of the fastest lap in Q1 may not be permitted to take part in the race; for instance, if the fastest lap is1 minute 40 seconds (100 seconds), a driver must set a time faster than 1 minute 47 seconds (107 seconds) inorder to make it to the grid. However, if a driver who fails to set an appropriate lap time can show cause for hisinclusion in the race for example, if a driver failed to set a lap time in qualifying due to a mechanical fault, buthad previously set a lap time within 107% of the pole-sitter's time in free practice the stewards may allow thatdriver to take part in the race.

The ban on team orders the practice of teams ordering a driver to follow instructions that would beadvantageous to their team mate (for example, ordering them to move aside and allow their team-mate to passthem) was lifted after the 2010 German Grand Prix, with the practice to be "regulated" on the race track. Thepractice of coding instructions to conceal the nature of the order would be banned to prevent deception to thespectators and stewards. The FIA increased the maximum allowable penalty which racing stewards can issue to

teams from $100,000 to $250,000. Sole tyre supplier Bridgestone announced that it would not renew its contract withFormula One at the end of the2010 season, with Pirelli chosen as the tyre supplier for 2011 by the FIA World Motor Sport Council. The Pirellilogo on each tyre will be colour-coded to identify each compound and tread pattern being used. Cars will have amandatory weight distribution to provide Pirelli with a technical specification, and preventing teams makingchanges to the internal configuration of their cars should they prove not to suit the cars. At the final test inBarcelona, it was revealed that drivers would need to make three pit stops at most races, in line with Pirelli'smandate to design a higher wearing tyre.

The Belgian Grand Prix saw a small controversy when several teams discovered their tyres had blisteredduring qualifying, but were not permitted to change their tyres ahead of the race because the damage was the

result of the car set-up rather than an accident. Pirelli pointed to Red Bull Racing's practice of running cambersettings that were outside their recommended parameters as the cause of the blistering, and said they would be
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more cautious with their recommendations for Monza to prevent the problem from arising again. Pirelli statedthat they were willing to turn to the FIA to enforce camber limits if there was any evidence of blistering afterthe Free Practice sessions in Italy. The FIA later announced that Pirelli's camber limits were mandatory andthat any team who failed to observe them would be reported to the stewards under Article 2.3 of the sport'stechnical regulations for dangerous construction and would risk exclusion from the race.

The maximum height of the diff user will be cut from175 millimetres (6.9 in) to 125 millimetres (4.9 in) and thedouble diffuser designs, introduced in the 2009 season, will be excluded, in order to reduce aerodynamicdownforce and turbulent air. Banned with this are double exhaust-blown diffusers, which use exhaust gasesre-routed over the diffuser to increase downforce, although single blown diffusers are still allowed. Controversyemerged over theuse of "off-throttle blown diffusers" early in the season, with the FIA first banning the conceptand then repealing the ban pending discussion with the teams. The off-throttle blown diffuser increases downforceby keeping the engine spinning while the car is under braking, channeling hot exhaust gasses over the diffuser andallowing for higher cornering speeds. The FIA announced that the ban would be reintroduced from the BritishGrand Prix, limiting the amount of throttle that can be applied during braking. Tighter restrictions will beintroduced for the 2012 season. At the European Grand Prix two weeks before the British Grand Prix a

further ban was introduced, prohibiting teams from using "extreme" engine maps in qualifying that they wouldnot normally use in races, effectively forcing teams to use the same engine maps in both qualifying and the race.The FIA has estimated that the clampdown on extreme engine maps will cost some teams up to half a second perlap in qualifying alone. The mid-season ban was later repealed when several teams applied for concessions to theban, which were granted and subsequently revoked following protests from other teams. An agreement signedafter the British Grand Prix abandoned the ban for the 2011 season entirely, restoring the pre-Valencia rules.

Red Bull RB7 rear wing showing function of Drag Reduction System

The "F-duct" system developed by McLaren and copied by otherteams was banned, as the system relying on drivers blocking a gapin the cockpit was judged unsafe. The Drag Reduction System(DRS), an adjustable rear wing designed to increase straight line

speed, was introduced in the 2011 rules. The system operates undera similar principle to the "F-duct", and is designed to aid overtakingby negating all downforce flowing over the rear wing. The rulesdictate that the DRS is only available to a driver within one secondof the car in front on a marked designated area of the circuit, afterthe first two laps of a race. Use of the DRS is unlimited in freepractice and qualifying, but prohibited in wet conditions. Thesystem is expected to offer drivers an additional 15 km/h (9.3 mph)when passing, and will deactivate when the driver first touches thebrakes after using the rear wing. At the Spanish Grand Prix, the FIA

announced plans for a secondary DRS zone to be included on acircuit from the Canadian Grand Prix onwards.

The number of wheel tethers the load-bearing cables connectingthe wheel hubs to the bodywork will be doubled for 2011, in response to an increasing number of accidentswhere wheels have been torn free of their mountings, including the death of Henry Surtees in a Formula Two raceat Brands Hatch in 2009.

Several smaller aerodynamic devices introduced for 2010 have also been banned, including aerodynamic wheelspokes, flexible front splitters designed to lower front ride height, and modifications to the monocoque that createa V-shaped channel running the length of the car's nose. The maximum aspect ratio of the "bladed" rollbar

structure

pioneered by Mercedes to decrease the obstruction of air to the rear wing

has also been reduced. The2011 Lotus T128 and Force India VJM04 cars were both launched with a similar device, based on the sameprinciple as the Mercedes device, but the Lotus and Force India variants are legal under the rules because the
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blade structure is thicker than the one developed by Mercedes. KERS units will be optional for all teams, after not being utilised in 2010 following a team agreement banning the

devices, and the minimum car weight increases from 620 kilograms (1,367 lb) to 640 kilograms (1,411 lb),compensating for the extra weight required. Gearboxes must also last for five races instead of four, with anadditional gearbox available without penalty for the purposes of completing an event.

At the Hungarian Grand Prix, the FIA introduced new software to track the cars in order to better spot racingincidents and provide the stewards with real-time information about drivers breaking rules. The software wasintroduced in response to an incident at the German Grand Prix that saw Sbastien Buemi and Nick Heidfeldcollide on the tenth lap of the Grand Prix, ending Heidfeld's race, but no penalty was issued to Buemi until afterthe race had ended.

The FIA has tightened its driving standards, moving to prevent overly aggressive driving and driving beyond theboundaries of the circuit to gain an advantage by implementing stricter penalties for drivers observed to be doingso. Drivers are limited in the number of blocking moves they can make on track, to allow easier overtaking.

At the Korean Grand Prix, the FIA announced plans to introduce a stricter version of the "one move" defensivedriver rule, in light of a protracted on-track battle between Michael Schumacher and Lewis Hamilton at the

Italian Grand Prix. Under the original set of rules, a defending driver would be entitled to make one moveacross the circuit to select their racing line into an approaching corner; under the regulations introduced for theKorean Grand Prix, a defending driver would be obligated to leave enough space defined as "one car'swidth" on the outside of a corner for an attacking driver to occupy, preventing the defending driver fromforcing his rival off the circuit.

Further rule amendments granted greater powers to the race stewards. This was reported as a response to aseries of on-track incidents involving Lewis Hamilton that culminated in several drive-through penalties;Hamilton received six driver penalties over the course of the 2011 season, setting a new record for the mostpenalties in a season. From the Korean Grand Prix on, the stewards will have the power to issue reprimandsalongside penalties, with a grid penalty being awarded after three reprimands.

A curfew has been implemented for team personnel, barring them from accessing the circuit in the nine hoursbefore the first session of the day The rule was introduced following concerns over mechanics spending all nightin the pit garage before spending the day in the busy pit lane, with four exceptions allowed for the season. In theevent that this rule is broken after all four exceptions have been used, both cars for the offending team must startthe race from pit lane. The rule attracted criticism at the Singapore Grand Prix when several teams inadvertentlybroke curfew, using up one of their four exceptions when members of the teams' marketing divisions arrived earlyat the circuit.

Team members deemed to be in key roles will have to undergo accreditation for a "competitors' staff licence" inorder to maintain their positions within their teams. This is seen as a reaction to the actions of disgraced formerRenault team principal Flavio Briatore at the controversial 2008 Singapore Grand Prix and applies to key staff in

all FIA-sanctioned World Championships including Formula One.

Results and standings

Grands Prix
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Rd. Grand Prix Pole position Fastest lap Winning driver Winning constructor Report

1 Australian GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Felipe Massa SebastianVettel

Red Bull-Renault Report

2 Malaysian GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Mark Webber SebastianVettel


3 Chinese Grand Prix SebastianVettel

Mark Webber LewisHamilton

McLaren-Mercedes Report

4 Turkish Grand Prix SebastianVettel



5 Spanish Grand Prix Mark Webber LewisHamilton

SebastianVettel


6 Monaco Grand Prix SebastianVettel



7 Canadian GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Jenson Button Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes Report

8 European GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

SebastianVettel

SebastianVettel


9 British Grand Prix Mark Webber FernandoAlonso

FernandoAlonso

Ferrari Report

10 German Grand Prix Mark Webber LewisHamilton

LewisHamilton


11 Hungarian GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Felipe Massa Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes Report

12 Belgian Grand Prix SebastianVettel



13 Italian Grand Prix SebastianVettel

LewisHamilton

SebastianVettel


14 Singapore GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Jenson Button SebastianVettel


15 Japanese GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Jenson Button Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes Report

16 Korean Grand Prix LewisHamilton

SebastianVettel

SebastianVettel


17 Indian Grand Prix SebastianVettel

SebastianVettel

SebastianVettel


18 Abu Dhabi GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Mark Webber LewisHamilton


19 Brazilian GrandPrix

SebastianVettel

Mark Webber Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault Report
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2011 season of f1 (wikipedia)

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