20080717_session 1_early warning_claude heimo

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  • 8/7/2019 20080717_Session 1_Early Warning_Claude Heimo

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    FoodSecurityandFamineEarlyWarningFoodSecurityandFamineEarlyWarningPreparedByClaudeR.HeimoPreparedByClaudeR.Heimo

    EEFDirectorandSarmapSeniorAssociEEFDirectorandSarmapSeniorAssoci

    FoodisoneofthemostbasicneedsofmanAprimitivemanhasenjoyedtheabundanceoffoodathisown

    desireandefforttoacquireit.But,modernman,despitethesophisticatedandtremendoust

    madeduring

    the

    past

    century

    is

    unable

    to

    meet

    one

    of

    the

    mankind.

    Millionsofpeoplearesickanddyingduetothelackoffood.Itabletofeedeveryoneinaworld,whichproducesenoughfoo

    theirdailyminimumenergyrequiremenSource:FAOReport,1999

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    UnderUndernn

    20012001

    (inm(inm

    FoodsecurityconditioninMay2008FoodsecurityconditioninMay2008

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    Since1990,virtuallyNSince1990,virtuallyN

    towardsmeetingthetowardsmeetingthe

  • 8/7/2019 20080717_Session 1_Early Warning_Claude Heimo

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    ChangeinthepropChangeintheprop

    underundernourishedinnourishedin

    from

    1990

    to

    from

    1990

    to

    2

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    NumberofcountrNumberofcountr

    foodemergencies1foodemergencies1

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    MainFactorsaffecMainFactorsaffec

    SecurityinDevelopinSecurityinDevelopin

    Poverty

    Populationpressure

    Lowagriculturalprodu

    Environmentaldegrada

    Natural

    disaster,

    confli Innapropriatemacroec

    policies

    Lackofofffarmemplo

    Limitedaccesstoeduc

    Poorhealthandsanita

    AIDS) Genderdiscrimination

    Lowcapacitiestoresis(disasters,economiccrpricefluctuations)

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    RecentTrendsfurthRecentTrendsfurth

    FoodSecurFoodSecur

    Inadditiontotheundedevelopingcountriesinfood/cropproduction:

    AboostingdemandfChinaandIndia(asadecadesofgrowthan

    Aswitchofagriculturfoodsupplytobiofue

    Poorharvestsduetosomemajorgrainpro

    (Australia,USA) Increasingtransport

    inputscostsduetob

    Speculation( assumwillcontinuetorise)

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    FamineEarlyWarni

    seeksanswersth

    questions

    Whichpopulationgroupsarefacingfor

    famine,

    and

    for

    how

    long?

    Whataretheextendandimpactsofimpedingeventsonthepopulations

    Whatarethebestwaystorespondtoinsecurityandfamineandmitigateaorshockstolivelihoodsystems?

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    OverallObjecOverallObjec

    FSIEWFSIEW

    Monitorfoodsecuritysituation, notablyinvulnerablecountrcontinuousassessmentoftheavailabilityandaccesstofooda

    Provideadequateinformationonagriculturalproductionduring

    Detect

    in

    advance

    changes,

    or

    (natural

    and/or

    man

    made)

    crisessecuritysituationsandprovokefamines(exanteriskmanageme

    Improvetheknowledge ofcausesandcirconstancesoffamines

    Assessvulnerabilities (conjuncturalandstructural)thatcouldaffresistencetoshocks(orcopingcapacities) riskmangement)

    Facilitatetheidentificationofstrategiesandmeanstobeprosocioeconomicandhealthimpactsoffamines

    Improvetheefficiencyandeffectivenessoffoodaidintervenfoodcrisisthroughtheadvancedidentificationofriskorvulne

    Improvethemakingoffoodsecurityandpovertyalleviationimplementationatnationallevel

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    FSI&FEWSBasicSegmFSI&FEWSBasicSegm

    Forec

    Predi Warn

    Reac

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    FEWSEndFEWSEndUserCoUserCo

  • 8/7/2019 20080717_Session 1_Early Warning_Claude Heimo

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    BasicindicatorsforasBasicindicatorsforas

    securitysecurity

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    The Basic Concept Food S

    and Famine Early Wa

    Structural & C

    Vulner

    Quantitative

    & Qualitative

    Information

    Earth Observation

    Data

    Ground Data

    Meteo D

    Inform

    Dissemi

    Early W

    Inform

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    Continental

    Regional

    GMFSGMFS

    providingproviding

    informationinformation

    on cropson crops

    National

    Local

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    FamineEarlyWarFamineEarlyWarn

    currentlyoperacurrentlyoperat

    TransnationalFEWS

    FEWSnet USAIDFamineEarlyWarningSystem

    GIEWS FAOGlobalInformationandEarlyWarni

    VAM

    WFP

    Vulnerability

    Analysis

    and

    Mappin MARSFOOD MonitoringAgriculturewithRemoteSen

    FIVIMS FoodInsecurityandVulnerabilityInformSystems

    Regional/NationalFEWS

    AP3A AlertePrcoceetPrvisiondesProductio(CILSS/Aghrimet Sahel)

    SADC RegionalEarlyWarningSystemforFood

    DMC DroughtMonitoringCenters(SADC/IGAD

    AEDES Systmesdinformationsurlascurit a

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    ProblemsaffectingtheProblemsaffectingthe

    existingFSI&FEexistingFSI&FE

    Lackofcommonlanguage,commonindicatorsandlackofexistingsystems

    Difficultiesandlackoftransparencyinaccessingbasicdatanotablysocioeconomicdata

    Spaceborneinformationaregenerallyonlyavailableatglo

    spiteofthefactthatrequirementsareatnational,subnatTheuseofNDVItoassessvegetationvigorand/orforecastquestionable,notablyunderaridorsemiaridconditions

    Estimatingorforecastingyieldatnationalorsubnationalresolutiondataremainsrisky

    Estimating

    crop

    acreage

    through

    low

    resolution

    data

    remaimpossible

    Spacebornetechnologiescurrentlyinuse inmanyexistingnewtechnologicaladvancesinthefieldofearthobservaticapacitiesofexistingsensorsonboardrecentsatellites

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    Transnational,Transnational,

    Regional andRegional and

    NationalNational

    FEWSFEWS

    FrequentlyFrequently

    usedusedIndicatorsIndicators

    for Foodfor FoodSecuritySecurity

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    GMFS

    Basic

    ObjGMFS

    Basic

    Obj

    Stren

    faminsyste

    ..fo

    inform

    (in)se

    maki

    globa

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    FromuserstopFromuserstop

    Morethan30userorganizations

    existingFEWScurrentlyoperating

    Annuallyrenewedagreementsw

    organizations(SLAs)

    FAOGIEWS,

    WorldFoodProgramme VAM,

    EC JRC/MARS

    AGRHYMET(Niger),

    RCMRD(Kenya),

    SADC(Botswana)

    SUDAN:FederalMinistryofAgriculture&ForestryWFP,..

    ETHIOPIA:CentralStatisticsAuthority,FAO,WFP,Agency,

    SENEGAL:MinistryofAgriculture,CSE, Meteo,..

    ZIMBABWE:MinistryofAgriculture,FAO,WFP,Ce

    MOZAMBIQUE:MinistryofAgriculture, Meteo

    L

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    TheGMFSMultiScaleEarthObserva

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    Satellite

    dataSatellite

    data Optical highresolutiondata(315m

    SPOT, Landsat, Formosat,LISS,AWI

    SARdata mediumandhighresolutio

    ENVISATASAR,ALOSPALSAR,COSM

    Lowresolutionopticaldata(+1km) SPOTVGT,MERIS,MODIS

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    GMFSServiceGMFSService

    toendtoend

    GMFSprovidesfourinform

    EarlyWarningserv

    Agriculturalmappin

    Yieldassessmentse

    EO

    based

    support

    tmissions

    +SupporttoUsers:trainin

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    ServicestoFamineEarlyWServicestoFamineEarlyW

    Data distributionthroughemails 7Regionsofinterest,10dailyupdates

    Monitoringoftheprogressofthegrowingseason

    Variousindicators(VPI, fAPAR,),JRCMARSindicators

    Use&buildingapplications!

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    MonitoringAgriMonitoringAgri

    ProductioProductio Estimatingtotalcroppedarea

    BasedonFieldwork,integratedwithRe

    Sudan,Malawi,Senegal,Zimbabwe,Eth

    Multiannual,yearly

    Cropyieldestimates

    Yieldmodels:remotesensing& meteo

    Malawi,Senegal

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    Example:Estimatingcropyieldfor

    e color composite on the

    illustrates a multi-

    mporal data set based on

    VISAT ASAR AP (120

    ges) and ALOS PALSAR

    S (70 scenes) data

    ering the whole Malawi

    0,000 sqkm, 15molution). The image on

    right shows an

    erferometric color

    mposite based on ALOS

    LSAR FBS data (70

    ge pairs). The

    argements highlight the

    ensive information

    uded in this type of

    ti-temporal multi-rce data set, which

    ws the generation of

    ducts such as crop

    p, main land

    er/change classes, and

    tal elevation model. All

    cessing has been

    formed starting from

    w data.

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    SupporttoFAO/WFPCSupporttoFAO/WFPC

    SupplyAssessmentMisSupplyAssessmentMis

    ProvidinginformationfuGovernmentrequestsfoproductionassessmentm

    ParticipatingtoCFSAMfijointlybyGovernmentanandobservers

    Example:Zimbabwe

    GoZdeclared2006/7drough

    GoZRequestedforFAO/WFP

    EstimatingFoodProductioni April2007:Jointevaluationmeeting:FA

    Hotspotanalysis

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    ExampleExample Zimbabwe2007Zimbabwe2007

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    Dataintegration&inDataintegration&in

    managemenmanagemen

    Objective:integrateservic

    systems

    FAOGEONETW WFPFoodInsec

    (FAOGIEWS)

    ESADataDissem

    CSE,AGRHYM

    EUMETCASTsys

    Makinguseoft

    forImageproces

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    ConclusionsConclusions

    GMFS can provide today, on a operat

    information on agriculture at national

    are continuously on-going.

    The service has been developed based on

    Note that data availability and cost is n

    as in the past.

    Local expertise is essential for i) a corr

    the land management, ii) data calibrativalidation.

    Capacity building at all levels (tec

    political) is conditio sine qua non in orde

    expertise and obtain services awareness

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    The Way AheadThe Way Ahead

    Integration of Earth Observation base

    methodologies, in particular statistical a

    Expand the on-going activities to new c

    Expand the spectrum of the produ

    considering natural resources (wate

    infrastructures (roads and settlements)

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    Note: This publication has been made available by CSEND with the agrement of the author.

    The Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development (CSEND) aims at

    promoting equitable, sustainable and integrated development through dialogue and

    institutional learning.

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    http://www.csend.org/community-of-artists

    Diplomacy Dialogue is a branch of the Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development

    (CSEND), a non-profit R&D organization based in Geneva, Switzerland since 1993.

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    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