8/14/2019 20080701-090-

1/31

10Ford Motor Company. 2003 Annual Report.

Rochester, New York:St Ives Inc Case-Hoyt. [10]

^ Ford Motor Company - History^

Ford to Cut Thousands of Jobs and Close 14 Facto. Washington Post. January 232006.

http://www.ford.com/en/company/investorInformation/companyReports/annualReports/http://www.ford.com/en/heritage/history/default.htmhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/23/AR2006012300339.htmlhttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=January_23&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2006&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2006&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=January_23&action=edithttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/23/AR2006012300339.htmlhttp://www.ford.com/en/heritage/history/default.htmhttp://www.ford.com/en/company/investorInformation/companyReports/annualReports/

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

2/31

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

3/31

- Ford &GM

20

1900

1925

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

4/31

GM

1908 T T

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

5/31

(H.Ford) 1863

1893

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

6/31

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

7/31

1899

H.Leland,

E.Whitney

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

8/31

H.Ford 1903 Ford motorcarcompany

6 N N

H.Leland,

1908 T

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

9/31

T

T

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

10/31

12

28

1912

2

38

1914 1 33

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

11/31

T 1908 850 1913

550

1916

360

1908 6 5000 1915 100 1920 22038 1915 50 1920

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

12/31

1914 fivedollar a day 8

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

13/31

T T

1924 T

GM

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

14/31

1926

50

T 1929 GM

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

15/31

GM

GM W.C.Durant

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

16/31

W.C.Durant 19 20 1904 beautic motor 1908 GM General Motor W.C.Durant GM 1910

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

17/31

GM W.C.Durant 1911 Chevrolet4 ChevroletMotors W.C.Durant GM GM

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

18/31

W.C.Durant Piel 1917 2500 GM Chevrolet W.C.Durant GM Alfret. Sloon W.C.Durant

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

19/31

GM GM T GM W.C.Durant GM

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

20/31

1921 Piel Dupont GM Sloon Sloon GM 1923 Piel

General office

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

21/31

T GM Sloon staff 1923 A car for every purseand purpose GM T

Liver 1928 A1940 GM

GM

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

22/31

Template:NYSEDearborn, Michigan( ) 1903

In its twentieth century heyday, Ford,along with General Motors and Chrysler, wereknown as Detroit's "Big Three" automakers,companies that dominated the American auto

market. Toyota surpassed Ford in revenuestarting in 2004. Ford remains one of the world'sten largest corporations by revenue.

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:NYSE&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8Ahttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9Ahttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9Ahttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8Bhttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dearborn%2C_Michigan&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%EF%BC%8E%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors_Corporation&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrysler_Corporation&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Motor&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortune_Global_500&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortune_Global_500&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Motor&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrysler_Corporation&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors_Corporation&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%EF%BC%8E%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dearborn%2C_Michigan&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8Bhttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9Ahttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8Ahttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:NYSE&action=edit

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

23/31

Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars, and large-scale

management of an industrial workforce,especially elaborately engineered manufacturingsequences typified by the moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's combination of highly efficient

factories, highly paid workers, and low pricesrevolutionized manufacturing and came to beknown around the world as Fordism by 1914.

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ford%27s&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fordism&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fordism&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ford%27s&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&action=edit

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

24/31

Early history

Ford was launched from a convertedwagon factory, with $28,000 cash fromtwelve investors. During its early years,

the company produced just a few cars aday at its factory on Mack Avenue inDetroit. Groups of two or three men

worked on each car from componentsmade to order by other companies.

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

25/31

1908 , TThe first Model Ts were built at thePiquette Manufacturing Plant. The

company moved production to the muchlargerHighland Park Plant to keep up withthe demand for the Model T, and by 1913

had developed all of the basic techniquesof the assembly line and mass production.

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Highland_Park%2C_Michigan&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Highland_Park%2C_Michigan&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edit

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

26/31

Ford introduced the world's first movingassembly line that year, which reducedchassis assembly time from 12 hours in

October to 2 hours, 40 minutes. Howeverthese innovations were not popular andturnover of workers was very high.

Turnover meant delays and extra costs oftraining, and use of slow workers.

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

27/31

In January 1914 solved the problem bydoubling pay to $5 a day, cutting shiftsfrom nine hours to an eight hour day, and

instituting hiring practices that identifiedthe best workers. Productivity soared andemployee turnover plunged, as the costper vehicle plummeted. Ford cut prices

again and again and invented the systemof franchised dealers who were loyal to hisbrand name.

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

28/31

By the end of 1913, Ford was producing50% of all cars in the United States, andby 1918 half of all cars in the country were

Model T's. Henry Ford is reported to havesaid that "any customer can have a carpainted any color that he wants so long asit is black." This was because black paint

was quickest to dry; earlier models hadbeen available in a variety of colors. Butmost were black.

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

29/31

In 1919, Edsel Ford succeeded his father aspresident of the company, although Henry Fordstill kept a hand in management. Although priceswere kept low through highly efficientengineering, the company use an old-fashionedpersonalized management system, andneglected consumer demands for upscalevehicles. It steadily lost market share to

General Motors. General Motors, Chryslerandsmaller competitors began offering automobileswith more features and luxuries.

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edsel_Ford&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrysler&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrysler&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edsel_Ford&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edsel_Ford&action=edit

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

30/31

GM had a range of models from cheap to luxury, tappingall points on the spectrum. (Poor people bough usedmodel T's.) The competitors opened up a new market byextending credit so consumers could buy theseexpensive automobiles with monthly payments. Ford

resisted following suit, insisting that such credit wouldhurt the consumer and the economy. Ford finally gave inDecember 1927, when Ford unveiled the redesignedFord Model A and retired the Model T after producingexactly 15 million of them.

In 1925, Ford expanded its reach into the luxury automarket through its acquisition of theLincoln Motor Company, and the Mercury division wasestablished in the 1930s to serve the mid-price automarket.

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Model_A&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_%28automobile%29&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury_%28automobile%29&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury_%28automobile%29&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_%28automobile%29&action=edithttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Model_A&action=edit

8/14/2019 20080701-090-

31/31

en:ford motor company

www.ford.com

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ford_motor_companyhttp://www.ford.com/http://www.ford.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ford_motor_companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ford_motor_company