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KumbakonamSchoolfire

Date 16July2004[1]

Location Kumbakonam

Coordinates 105812N792512E

Cause Fire

Deaths 94

Charges 21

2004KumbakonamSchoolfireFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

2004KumbakonamschoolfireaccidenthappenedinaschoolinKumbakonamtowninThanjavurdistrictinIndianstateofTamilNadu.Atotalof94studentsoftheprimarysectionoftheKrishnaEnglishMediumSchoolwereburnttodeathintheirclassroomasthethatchedroofcaughtfireon16July2004.[2][3]TheaccidentwastheoneofthefourmajorfireaccidentsandlargestschoolaccidentinTamilNadu,andsecondintermsofcasualtiesforfireincidentsinschoolsinIndia.

AcommitteesetupunderretiredJudgeSampathfoundoutthatthemajorreasonfortheheavycasualtyisthefalsetacticsofthemanagementtobringtheothertwoschoolstudentstotheaidedprimaryschooltomisleadtheinspectingauthoritiesaboutthestudentteacherratio.TheChiefMinisterwhovisitedthesiteorderedwithdrawalofrecognitionofthethreeschools,prosecutionontheschoolauthoritiesandthecorrespondent,SuspensionoftheChiefEducationalOfficer,theDistrictElementaryEducationalOfficerandtheAssistantElementaryEducationalOfficerofThanjurschooldistrict.Acompensationof onelakhwasprovidedtothekinsofthevictims, 25,000totheseverelyinjuredand 10,000tootherinjuredfromtheChiefMinistersPublicReliefFund.ThedistrictadministrationarrangedaprimaryschoolinNathamvillageandaccommodated46studentsundertheEducationalGuaranteeSchemeofthegovernment.

ThestategovernmentconstructedamemorialparknearPalakarai,theCauverybridge,inKumbakonaminmemoryofthelostlives,whichwasopenedon6June2010.Thegovernmentallottedhousingplotsto59homelessparentsofthedeceasedofthetotal89.

Thetrialofthecasestartedafteralongdelayon24September2012intheThanjavurdistrictsessionscourt.Thecasehad21accusedandhad488witnessesthatincluded18childrenaffectedintheaccident.Theheadmaster,Prabharanandthreeothersturnedapprovers.Atotalof17peoplewerechargesheetedinthecase,whichincludedseventeenincludedPulavarPalanichamy,hiswifeandcorrespondentofschoolSaraswati,threeteachers,sixofficersintheeducationdepartment(elementary),theKumbakonammunicipalcommissioner,townplanningofficerandfourassistantsintheeducationdepartment.OnJuly30,2014,ThanjavurdistrictsessionscourtsentencedschoolfounderPulavarPalanichamytolifeimprisonmentandfinedRs51,65,700.Tenothersincludingschoolstaffandofficialsfromthemunicipalityandeducationdepartmentofthestate,weresentencedtofiveyearimprisonment.Elevenaccused,includingthreeteacherswerereleasedfromthecase.

Coordinates:105812N792512E

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Verdict 1(lifeterm),8(fiveyearsjail),1(twoyearsjail)

Convictions 10

Contents

1Background2Theaccident3Investigation4Aftermath5Trial6Verdict7Seealso8Notes9References

Background

Therewerethreeschoolsnamely,SriKrishnaAidedPrimarySchool,SaraswathyNurseryandPrimarySchoolandSriKrishnaGirlsHighSchool,operatinginthesamebuildinginKasiramanstreetinKumbakonamintheSouthIndianstateofTamilNadu.Theschoolwaslocatedamidstresidentialbuildings,15m(49ft)awayfromaroad.[4]Theschoolhadasmallgate4ft(1.2m),immediatelybeyondwhichtheclassroomswerelocated.Theclassroomsdidnothaveanypartitionandattheendoftheclassrooms,therewasastage.Onthenorthwestsideofthestagewasthenoonmealkitchenandacyclestand,bothofwhichwerethatchedstructures.[5]ThenorthernwinginthegroundflooraccommodatedtheSaraswathyNurseryandPrimarySchool,whichhadsixclasses,oneeachforLKG,UKG,I,II,IVandV.Therewasanotherentrancetotheschoolontheeasternside.Thebuildingsinthenurseryandprimaryschoolshadnoventilation.Neartheeasternentrance,therewasanarrowstaircase4.5ft(1.4m)leadingtothefirstfloorofthebuilding.Thelayoutofthefirstfloorwassimilartothegroundfloorwhereclasseshadnoseparationandexitwasthroughanarrowcollapsibledoor.Thelowerendoftheclassonthewesternsidewasconnectedtothenoonmealkitchenthatchedroofandthecyclestandroof,wheretheaccidentoccurred.TheSriKrishnaGirlsHighSchoolhad179,SriKrishnaAidedPrimarySchoolhad477andSaraswathyNurseryandPrimarySchoolhad126studentinitsroles,totalingtoastrengthof782students.Thesecondfloormeasured62.5ft(19.1m)*13ft(4.0m)andhadclassesforstandardsVI,VII,VIIIandtheIXofthegirlshighschool.Thethirdfloorhadanopenterracehavingawatertank.[6]

Theaccident

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On16July2004,thefiretragedyoccurredonthatchedroofstructureoftheschool.Theschoolstartedat9:15andduringoneofthebreaksat10:30,oneofthegirlsnoticedthefireandalertedtheteacherandthenewsspreadtootherclasses.[7]Thefiresparkedfromthemiddaymealkitchenthatchandspreadtotheupperlevel,whichalsohadthatchedroofsandspreadrapidly.Thenarrowstaircasehadsundrymaterial,thatpreventedexitofchildren.Thestaircasewasalsoclosetothekitchen.Thekitchendidnothavegasstovesandfirelogswereusedforcooking.Theschoolwasovercrowded,having900childreninitsroles.[7][8][9]Thethatchesandthesupportingbamboopolescaughtfireandfellonthechildrenandalsoblockedtheexit.Thefireservicewasinformedat11a.m.andthepersonnelarrivedinafewminutes.Butsincetheywereunpreparedforsuchlargescalefire,therescueserviceswerenotthateffective.Thelocalsalsohelpedbybreakingtheconcretewindow.[7]TheinjuredchildrenwereadmittedtothegovernmenthospitalinKumbakonamandsomeofthemlatergotshiftedtoThanjavurMedicalCollegehospital.Thedeceasedkidsweretakenforpostmortemtothegovernmenthospital.Bynight,76childrenwerereportedkilledintheaccidentandthedistrictadministrationhandedoverthebodiestotheparents.TheCollectorofthedistrictarrangedfortemporarywardsinthegovernmenthospitaltoeasetheparentstoidentifytheirwards.Thediggingofgraveswentontill2a.m.withtheadditionaldiggersarrangedbythedistrictadministration,bywhen56bodieswereburied.On16July,additionaldoctorsarrivedfromKilpaukMedicalCollege,JIPMERMedicalCollegeHospital,C.M.C.,Vellore,SalemandCoimbatoretotreattheinjured.Thecasualtyincreasedto90,89ofwhomwereidentifiedandhandedovertotheparents.Someoftheinjuredkids,asrequestedbyparents,wereshiftedtoprivatehospitalsinKumbakonam,MaduraiandChennai.Intotal,therewere65werestillundergoingtreatmenton16July,4ofwhomdiedsubsequently,makingthetotaltollto94.[10]

Investigation

ThestategovernmentdeputedacommitteeunderJusticeK.Sampathtoinquireintothecircumstancesandcausesleadingtothefireaccidenton20July2004.Thecommitteeassumedofficeon1August2004andwasconstitutedwithexpertmembersDr.RaniKandhaswami,FormerPrincipal,LadyWillingtonInstituteofAdvancedStudiesinEducation,Chennai,S.K.Saxena,FireOfficer,MadrasAtomicPowerStation,Kalpakkam,K.Vijayan,InstituteofMentalHealth,Chennai,andP.A.Annamalai,retiredHeadMaster.[11]

Thecommitteewasgivenatimelineoffourmonths,butextendedforfourtimesandwasabletofinallycompletedon30June2005.Theinvestigationsfoundoutthattheschoolwasnotinspectedbytheeducationalofficialforthreeyears.Thefireofficialsreportedthatthebuildinglawswerenotfollowedastheschoolhadathatchedkitchenandclassroomroof,noemergencyexitsanditwasa"deathtrap".[12][13]Theschoolhadtofollowminimumsafetystandards,thechapterIVonfireandsafetyofNationalBuildingCodeofIndia2005andIS14435:1997,thecodeofpracticeoffiresafetyineducationalinstitutions.[14]ApublicinterestlitigationwasfiledintheSupremeCourtofIndiabyAvinashMehrotraquotingtheaccidentandpleadingprotectionoflifeandsafetyofschoolchildrenacrossvariousschoolsinIndia.[12][15]

Theschoolteacherswerenottrainedproperlytohandlethesituation.Theinvestigationrevealedthattheroleofteacherswashighlyquestionable.Oneviewheldthatmostofthemfoundwaystoescapethemselvesratherthansavingthechildrenasmostofthemcameoutunscathed.Someoftheeyewitnessbythekidsrevealedthattheteachersaskedthemtoremainintheclasses.Anotherviewheldthattheteacherstriedtheirbesttorescuethe

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PrayerfordepartedchildrenofKumbakonam

childrenandsomeofthemaskedthechildrentostayintheclassesfeelingitistheregularsmokethatisemnatingoutofthekitchen.[8][10]

Thecommitteefoundoutthatthemajorreasonfortheheavycasualtyisthefalsetacticsofthemanagementtobringtheothertwoschoolstudentstotheaidedprimaryschooltomisleadtheinspectingauthoritiesaboutthestudentteacherratio.Themanagementwasheldresponsibleforthewholeaccident.Thereportpointedoutthattheteacherswerenottrainedindisastermanagementandtheprohibitedthatchstructurewasclosetotheclassrooms.Italsostatedthattheschoolshadinadequateexitfacilitiesandhadnofirefightingcapabilities.PulavarPalanichamy,theowneroftheschools,usedhispoliticalcloutandcoalescedwiththemunicipalandtherevenuedepartmentofficialsgettingthepermitsfortheschools.Vijayalakshmi,thenoonmealorganizerandalsotheteacheroftheEnglishMediumschool,washeldaccountablefornotperformingherdutiesoftakingsafetyprecautions.Vasanthi,theheadcooklightedtheovenintheabsenceofherassistant,Sivasankari,whousuallylightsit.TherewascontrastingreportsonwhetherSivasankariwaspresentintheschoolduringtheevent.TheTahsildarofKumbakonamTaluk,Paramasivam,wasreported"dishonest"forgrantinglicenceundertheTamilNaduPublicBuildings(Licensing)Act,1965totheschool.ThecharteredengineerJayachandranwasalsohelddishonestofgivingstabilitycertificatetothebuildingwithoutvisitingtheschoolonce.Theadditionalassistanteducationalofficer,Madhavanandhissuperior,T.Thandavan,thedeputyeducationalofficerforallowingtheschooltorunwithoutrecognitionfor6years.Sivaprakasam,theassistantelementaryeducationofficer,washeldaccountableforallowingMadhavan,whowasnotcompetenttoallowpermittotheschool.Balaji,thedeputyeducationelementaryofficerwasaccusedofcarelesslypassingthepaperssignedbyMadhavan.ThelocalhealthofficerrDr.Sivapunyamwasaccusedofgivingfalsesanitarycertificatetotheschool.Annadurai,afriendofPulavarPalanichamywasaccountedforadvisingcircumventionofrules.Pingapani,thedeputyeducationalofficer,whoinspectedthehighschool,didnotshowinterestinlearningthatthesamecampushadaprimaryschoolactingbeyondrules.Theotherofficerswhowereearlierresponsibleforpermittingthenurseryschoolagainsttherulesduring1999,namely,Shanmughavelu,Sethuramachandran,ChandrasekharanandDr.Palanivelu.TheDeputyelementaryeducationalofficer,Durairajandassistantelementaryeducationalofficer,Balakrishnan,wereheldlessculpableforknowingaboutthethatchedstructureandtheexargeratedattendance,butnotinitiatinganyaction.[16]

Aftermath

TheaccidentwastheoneofthefourmajorfireaccidentinthestatefollowingtheBrihadeeswararTemplefireon7June1997,when60peoplewerekilled,Erwadifireincidenton6August2001thatkilled30mentallychallengedpeopleandfireatmarriagehallon23January2005atSrirangamwhere30peopleincludingthebridegroomwerekilled.[8]Theaccidentwasthesecondintermsofcasualtiesforfireincidentsinschoolsaftertheonein1995inDabwali,MandiinSirsaDistrictoftheHaryanaState,where400peoplewerekilledinaschoolfireduringaprizedistributionceremonyoftheDAVPublicSchool.ItisthelargestschoolaccidentinTamilNadu,followedbyaprivateschoolbuildingcollapseinaprivateschoolinMaduraiduringthe1950sthatkilled35girlsandinjured137others.[12]TheaccidentraisedseveralquestionsontheTamilNaduEducationalDepartmentonthesafetyruleimplementation,trainingofschoolteachersincivildefenseandenforcementofrulesimpartingeducation.[18]

"Ohdearlittleones!Ohdearlittleones!Foryou,parentshadgloriousdream!

AndYouwereallimmersedinyourowndreamsYet,AgniengulfedyouandallthosedreamsTakingyoutoAlmighty'sdivinepresence

Usually,departedoldparentsandburiedbysonsWhereas,Kumbakanam,sawasadscene!

Cryingparentsburyingburyingtheirlittleones!!OhAlmighty!showyourgraceonthoselittleones

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~A.P.J.AbdulKalam,PrayerfordepartedchildrenofKumbakonam,2004[17]

Kumbakonamschoolfire

TheChiefMinisterwhovisitedthesiteorderedwithdrawalofrecognitionofthethreeschools,prosecutionontheschoolauthoritisandthecorrespondent,SuspensionoftheChiefEducationalOfficer,theDistrictElementaryEducationalOfficerandtheAssistantElementaryEducationalOfficerofThanjurschooldistrict.Acompensationof onelakhwasprovidedtothekinsofthevictims, 25,000totheseverelyinjuredand 10,000tootherinjuredfromtheChiefMinistersPublicReliefFund.Counsellingsessionswerearrangedtothechildrenaffectedbythetraumaandarrangementsweremadetofacilitatethesurvivingchildrentojoinotherschools.AcentralministeralsovisitedthesiteonbehalfofthePrimeMinisterofIndia.Thereliefannouncedbythestateandcentralgovernmentweredisbursedon17July2004.ThedistrictadministrationarrangedaprimaryschoolinNathamvillageandaccommodated46studentsundertheEducationalGuaranteeSchemeofthegovernment.[10]

YadavaCollegeconstructedaparkinmemoryofthe94childrenbyplanting94saplingsandtermedinKumbakonamParkinanideatocreateenvironmentalawarenessamongfuturegenerations.[19]ThestategovernmentconstructedamemorialparknearPalakarai,theCauverybridge,inKumbakonaminmemoryofthelostlives.TheparkwasopenedbythethenDeputyChiefminister,M.K.Stalinon6June2010.Theparkwasconstructedatacostof 19lakh,housingchildren'samusementequipmentinanareaof7,300sqft(680m2).[20]Thegovernmentallottedhousingplotsto59homelessparentsofthedeceasedofthetotal89.AcharitabletrustnamedAmrithahelpedconstructhousesintheplotsandthecolonywasnamedAmrithapuram.In2012,25familiesofthevictimsconstructedanAmrithaVinayagartempleinthepremisesinmemoryofthelostlives.Thetemplewasconsecratedon21June2012.[21]

Trial

Thetrialofthecasestartedafteralongdelayon24September2012intheThanjavurdistrictsessionscourt.Thecasehad21accusedandhad488witnessesthatincluded18childrenaffectedintheaccident.Theheadmaster,Prabharanandthreeothersturnedapprovers.Therewasapetitionfiledinthecourttoincludethethencollectorofdistrict,JRadhakrishnan,andthreeothersinthecase,butwasdismissed.[22]Atotalof17peoplewerechargesheetedinthecaseandweresettofacetrial.TheseventeenincludedPulavarPalanichamy,hiswifeandcorrespondentofschoolSaraswati,threeteachers,sixofficersintheeducationdepartment(elementary),theKumbakonammunicipalcommissioner,townplanningofficerandfourassistantsintheeducationdepartment.Theeducationdepartmentofficialswereaccusedofnegligenceoftheirdutiesandthelowerlevelofficersforconspiringwiththeofficialsforobtainingandrenewingthelicenses.Thethreeteacherswereaccusedofshowingnegligenceshowntowardsrescuingthechildren.PulavarPalanichamy,Saraswatiandthethreeteachersfiledpetitionsinthelowercourttodischargethemfromthecase.TheirpleawasdismissedbothinthelowercourtandMadrasHighCourton14July2012.[23]

AndkeeptheminThyholiestpresence!!OhAlmighty!blessthoseparentswailingingrief

TohavethestrengthtobearthisgreatlossMayThycompassionandgracepervadeallsoulsAndbringdownthepainandwipeawaythetearsOhAlmighty!showyourgraceonthoselittleones"

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Verdict

ThetrialwasconcludedonJuly17,2014.OnJuly30,2014,ThanjavurdistrictsessionscourtsentencedschoolfounderPulavarPalanichamytolifeimprisonmentandfinedRs51,65,700.Palanichamy'swifeandschoolcorrespondentPSaraswathi,headmistressJSanthalakshmi,noonmealorganizerRVijayalakshmi,cookRVasanthiweresentencedfiveyearsimprisonment.Officialsindistrictelementaryeducationoffice,officerRBalaji,hisassistantSSivaprakasam,superintendentTThandavanandassistantGDurairajwerealsosentencedfiveyearsjail.TotalfineofRs52,57,000wasimposedandorderedthecompensationofRs50,000toparentsofeachvictim.[24][25]

Thecharteredengineer,BJayachandranwassentencedtwoyearsinjailandafineofRs50,000butlaterthecourtsuspendedhispunishment.Thecourtclearedchargesofotherelevenaccused,includingthreeteachers,sixeducationdepartmentofficialsandtwomunicipalityofficers.[24][25]

ThebenchofMadrasHighCourtinMaduraiallowedtheappealfiledbythestategovernmentagainstthereleaseof11accusedinthecaseon13September2014.TheelevenwhowereacquittedbythePrincipalDistrictCourtwereB.Palaniswamy,theDistrictElementaryEducationalOfficer,R.Narayanaswamy,theDistrictEducationalOfficer,J.Radhakrishnan,theAssistantElementaryEducationalOfficer,V.Balasubramanian,theAssistantElementaryEducationalOfficer(Nursery),K.BalakrishnanandG.Madhavan,AdditionalAssistantElementaryEducationalOfficers,P.Devi,R.MahalakshmiandT.Anthoniammal,theteachersoftheschool,R.Sathiyamoorthy,thethenKumbakonamMunicipalCommissionerandK.Murugan,theTownPlanningOfficer.[26]

Seealso

MahamahamStampede

Notes

1. ^"Chronologyofmajorfireaccidents"(http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P32531606241.html).HindustanTimes(NewDelhi,India).9December2011.Retrieved30November2013.viaHighBeam(subscriptionrequired)

2. ^"83childrenkilledinschoolfireinKumbakonam"(http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/jul/16tn.htm).Rediff.com.17July2004.Retrieved30November2013.3. ^"87childrendieinschoolfire"(http://www.hindu.com/2004/07/17/stories/2004071707570100.htm).TheHindu.17July2004.Retrieved30November2013.4. ^InquiryCommissionreport2005,p.1035. ^InquiryCommissionreport2005,p.1076. ^InquiryCommissionreport2005,p.111114

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7. ^abcInquiryCommissionreport2005,p.115

8. ^abcTeets2007,p.10349. ^Ramaswamy2007,p.67

10. ^abcInquiryCommissionreport2005,p.11611711. ^InquiryCommissionreport2005,pp.12

12. ^abcWalsh2011,pp.515213. ^Banerjee2006,p.29814. ^Walsh2011,p.5715. ^D.,Bhandari(13April2009)."AvinashMehrotravsUnionOfIndia&Ors.on13April,2009"(http://indiankanoon.org/doc/232115/).IndianKanoon.Retrieved

30November2013.16. ^InquiryCommissionreport2005,p.13313817. ^Kalam,A.P.J.Abdul(2004)."PrayerfordepartedchildrenofKumbakonam"(http://www.abdulkalam.nic.in/prayer_departed_child.html).NationalInformatics

Centre.Retrieved30November2013.18. ^B.K.2005,p.19019. ^"ParkinmemoryofKumbakonamfirevictims"(http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/24/stories/2004082416370300.htm).TheHindu(Madurai).23August2004.

Retrieved30November2013.20. ^"Stalininaugurateschildren'spark"(http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamilnadu/stalininaugurateschildrenspark/article448420.ece).TheHindu

(Kumbakonam).7June2010.Retrieved30November2013.21. ^"ParentsconstructtempleforKumbakonamfirevictims"(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/20120616/madurai/32268766_1_kumbakonamfire

victimsfireaccident).RGokul,TNN(Kumbakonam:TheTimesofIndia).16June2012.Retrieved30November2013.22. ^"StudentdeposesinKumbakonamschoolfirecase"(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/20121005/madurai/34278377_1_firecasefireaccident

kumbakonamschoolfire).TNN(TheTimesofIndia).5October2012.Retrieved30November2013.23. ^"HCdismisseddischargepleaof17accusedinschoolfirecase"(http://www.hindustantimes.com/indianews/kumbakonamschoolfirecasehcdismisses

dischargepleasof17accused/article1888798.aspx).PTI(Madurai:TheHindustanTimes).14July2012.Retrieved30November2013.

24. ^abRajaram,R.(Jul30,2014)."SchoolheadgetslifeterminKumbakonamtragedy,10convicted"(http://m.thehindu.com/news/national/tamilnadu/tenconvictedinkumbakonamschoolfirecase/article6263457.ece/).TheHindu.RetrievedJul31,2014.

25. ^abGokul,R(Jul30,2014)."Kumbakonamfiretragedy:Schoolfounder,wifeandeightotherssentencedtojail"(http://m.timesofindia.com/india/KumbakonamfiretragedySchoolfounderwifeandeightotherssentencedtojail/articleshow/39290360.cms).Thanjavur.RetrievedJul31,2014.

26. ^S.,MohamedImranullah(13September2014)."StatefilesappealinKumbakonamfirecase".TheHindu(Madurai).

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References

Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2004_Kumbakonam_School_fire&oldid=642651668"

Categories: FiresinIndia 2004inIndia HistoryofTamilNadu(1947present) Schoolfires 2004fires Thanjavurdistrict CrimeinTamilNadu

Thispagewaslastmodifiedon15January2015,at20:35.TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

B.K.,Khanna(2005).AllYouWantedToKnowAboutDisasters(http://books.google.com/books?id=GwGlBIJyNoIC&pg=PA189&dq=kumbakonam+school+fire&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8IqsUpu4E6mqsATKuoDQBg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=kumbakonam%20school%20fire&f=false).NewIndiaPublishing.ISBN9788189422134.Teets,RobertL.(2007).ProfitableManagementfortheSubcontractor(http://books.google.com/books?id=hDImGr74HIIC&pg=PA103&dq=kumbakonam+school+fire&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8IqsUpu4E6mqsATKuoDQBg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=kumbakonam%20school%20fire&f=false).NewDelhi.ISBN9780070633872.Walsh,Vincent(2011).SupremeCourtonChildren(http://books.google.com/books?id=uOYDBdA9ueoC&pg=PA51&dq=kumbakonam+school+fire&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gc64UqrzEi82gWowICQAQ&ved=0CG8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=kumbakonam%20school%20fire&f=false).SocioLegalInformationCent.ISBN9788189479725.Ramaswamy,Vijaya.HistoricalDictionaryoftheTamils(http://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&pg=PA67&dq=kumbakonam+school+fire&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gc64UqrzEi82gWowICQAQ&ved=0CHMQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=kumbakonam%20school%20fire&f=false).ScarecrowPress.ISBN9780810864450.Banerjee,AbhijitVinayakBenabou,RolandMookherjee,Dilip(2006).UnderstandingPoverty(http://books.google.com/books?id=orUKBRD8Sj4C&pg=PA298&dq=kumbakonam+school+fire&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5ue4Uv7MB2G2wWX_4GIDg&ved=0CEUQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=kumbakonam%20school%20fire&f=false).OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN9780199885459.K.,Sampath(30June2005)(PDF).JusticeK.SampathInquiryCommissionreportonKrishnaSchoolFire(http://www.tn.gov.in/schooleducation/Inquiry_Commission/part1_1to139.pdf)(Report).http://www.tn.gov.in/schooleducation/Inquiry_Commission/part1_1to139.pdf.