©2003 pearson education, inc. publishing as longman publishers chapter 29 post-cold war america...
TRANSCRIPT
©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
CHAPTER 29POST-COLD WAR
AMERICA
1991–2000
CREATED EQUAL
JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ
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“…we can get along here. We can all get along. We’ve just got to.”
Rodney King,
after the L.A. riots of 1992
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TIMELINE1991 Rodney King beating captured on video
The Promise Keepers formedNomination of Clarence Thomas
1992 Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. CaseyTrial of police officers in King caseClinton defeats Bush for Presidency
1993 Ruth Bader Ginsberg appointed to Supreme CourtWhitewater Investigation beginsNAFTA approved by CongressSomali warlord kills 18 American soldiersWorld Trade Center bombed
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TIMELINE continued1994 Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman murdered
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances ActStephen Breyer appointed to Supreme Court“Contract with America”U.S. invades Haiti and restores Aristide to power
1995 Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombed in Oklahoma CityDayton Accords
1996 U.S. v. VirginiaRomer v. EvansO.J. Simpson trialWelfare Reform Act19 U.S. airmen killed by truck bomb in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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TIMELINE continued1998 Bombings at U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania1999 Columbine High School tragedy
Elian Gonzales found off coast of Florida after leaving Cuba2000 USS Cole bombed
U.S. Supreme Court declares George W. Bush winner of Presidential election
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POST-COLD WAR AMERICA Overview
The Economy: Global and DomesticTolerance and Its LimitsViolence and DangerThe Clinton PresidencyThe Nation and the WorldThe Contested Election of 2000
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THE ECONOMY: GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC
The Post-Cold War EconomyThe Widening Gap Between Rich and PoorLabor Unions
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The Post-Cold War EconomyThe fall of the Soviet Union
Less money needed for military Negative effect on military industry
Technology boomMergers
Time-Warner/AOL, Nestlé/Ralston-Purina, Daimler-Benz/Chrysler
Regulations: Microsoft, tobacco industryNative Americans
Casinos: Pequots’ Foxwoods and Oneidas’ Turning Stone Tribes benefit: factories, banks, retail, individual payments, health care, daycare
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The Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor
1990s: Top 1% own more wealth than bottom 90%
CEOs salary reach 419 times more than employees
African-Americans: 50% of all black children live below poverty line
Asian, African, Latino immigrants: work the low-wage jobs
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Concentration of Wealth, 1990s
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Labor UnionsService Workers
April, 2000: Service Employees International Union march in L.A. for wage increase
San Francisco hotel union workers negotiate 5-year contract with pay raise
April, 1997: clothing manufacturers, human rights activists, labor organizations agree to improve the garment workers plight (voluntary)
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TOLERANCE AND ITS LIMITS“We Can All Get Along”Values in ConflictCourtroom DramasThe Changing Face of Diversity
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“We Can All Get Along”March 3, 1991: Rodney King, an African-
America beaten by 4 L.A. police officers. The videotaped beating causes outrage; but the officers’ acquittal incites riots in South Central Los Angeles
58 people died, 4,000 business destroyed
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Values in Conflict The American White Male
Perceived threat The Traditional Male Role
Promise Keepers Father to Father
The Black Male Men Against Destruction—Defending Against Drugs and Social Disorder The Million Man March
Gays and Lesbians Push to legalize same- sex marriages and adoption into gay households
Native American culture clashes with sports enthusiasts as well as animal rights activists
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Courtroom Dramas—ThomasThe nomination of Clarence Thomas
to the U.S. Supreme CourtAnita Hill accuses Thomas of sexual
harassmentAmerican Bar Association gives very low
rating to ThomasThomas is approved; increase of women in
politics
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Courtroom Dramas—Simpson
Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman murdered on June 12, 1994
Circumstantial evidence indicts former football star, and media personality, O.J. Simpson
Trial includes race elements; detective Fuhrman’s racist comments and evidence tampering; public opinion splits along race lines
October, 1996: Simpson is acquittedLater convicted in a civil suit
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The Changing Face of Diversity
Although high profile media cases spotlight racial tensions, America becomes more diverse and tolerant
10% of population immigrantsAsians and Pacific Islanders increase by 45.9%Latinos increase by 39.7%
Diversity reflected in arts and sports worldTiger Woods, Lone Star, Twilight, Los Angeles, Prince
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VIOLENCE AND DANGERDomestic TerrorismKids Who KillA Healthy Nation?
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Domestic TerrorismApril 19, 1995: Bombing of Alfred P. Murrah
Federal Building in Oklahoma CityAnti-government terrorists, Americans McVeigh and
NicholsUnabomber, Theodore Kaczynski
Anti-government and anti-modern technologyRandall Weaver and the FBIThe FBI and WacoAnti-abortion extremists
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances
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Kids Who KillSeveral school shootings by children
Columbine High School: 12 killed
Gun controlThe NRA and the Second AmendmentThe Brady Bill
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A Healthy Nation?Food:
The wealthy experience increase in eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa
The poor plagued by obesity: targets of the fast food industry
DrugsA nation depressed: Prozac A baby boomer generation growing old: hormone replacement
therapies, Viagra Reproduction: cloning, egg and sperm donation
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THE CLINTON PRESIDENCYClinton: The New DemocratClinton’s Domestic Agenda and the
“Republican Revolution”The Impeachment Crisis
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Clinton: The New DemocratWorking class background; Rhodes scholar; anti-
Vietnam War; former Arkansas governor; After 12 years of Republican control, national debt
$4.4 trillionThree-way race: Republican President George H.W.
Bush, Democrat Bill Clinton, Reform Party PerotThe New Democrat wins Presidency
Centrist views economic views and liberal social agenda
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Clinton’s Domestic Agenda and the “Republican Revolution”
Gays and Lesbians in the military Results in failed policy of “don’t ask, don’t tell”
Health care Hillary Rodham Clinton heads task force but faces strong opposition
from medical professions and pharmaceutical industries Raised taxes of the wealthiest, reduced deficit, expanded tax
credits for low-income families Appointed Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Bryer to Supreme
Court Republican’s Contract with America: welfare reform, balanced
budget, more prisons, increased defense spending, end to abortion
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The Impeachment Crisis1998: Independent counsel, Kenneth Starr,
accuses Clinton of breaking a law to cover up affair with intern, Monica Lewinsky.Charges: perjury, witness tampering, obstruction of
justiceRepublican controlled House impeaches Clinton;
Senate does not find evidence of “high crimes and misdemeanors”
Clinton maintains high approval ratings
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THE NATION AND THE WORLD
Trade AgreementsEfforts at PeacemakingMilitary Interventions and International
Terrorism
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Trade AgreementsNorth American Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Eliminating tariffs and trade barriers among U.S., Mexico, Canada
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)Reduced tariffs, phased out import quotas
Some American jobs moved across borders; Mexican wages decrease
China: Most-favored-nation
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Efforts at PeacemakingNorthern Ireland
Peace agreement negotiated by George Mitchell
Middle East1993: Arafat and Rubin handshake
Rubin assassinated
Late 1990s: talks resumeSharon elected; violence resumes between Israelis and Palestinians
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Military Interventions and International Terrorism
Haiti Clinton backs democratically elected, Aristide, in opposition to
coup leaders with CIA connections
Somalia U.S. Marines as part of famine relief force and peacemakers Warlord Aidid kills 50 Pakistani UN peacekeepers and 18
American soldiers
Balkans U.S. air strikes and the 1995 Dayton Accords Kosovo, 1999: U.S. military intervenes in Serbian invasion Serbian leader Milosevic voted out and handed to War Crimes
Tribunal
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Military Intervention and International Terrorism continued
Bombings 1993: World Trade Center: 5 Americans killed 1996: U.S. air base in Saudi Arabia: 19 Americans killed 1998: 2 U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania: 224 people killed 2000: USS Cole: 17 Americans killed
Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
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THE CONTESTED ELECTION OF 2000
The Campaign, the Vote, and the CourtsThe AftermathLegacies of Election 2000
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The Election of 2000
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The Campaign, the Vote, and the Courts Al Gore vs. George W. Bush
Up and down campaigns, close race after nationally televised debate The Votes
Extremely high number of African Americans at voting booths show up for Al Gore Gore brings in the popular vote; Bush carries a larger number of states Due to confusing ballots in Palm Beach and Duval counties, incomplete and
erroneous voter registration lists, and old voting machines, Florida not claimed by either candidate
The Courts Florida Supreme Court orders recount U.S. Supreme Court in split decision, 5 to 4, stops recounts and declares George W.
Bush President
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The AftermathFlaws in electoral system evident in Florida
and other states exposedOutdated machines and long linesBlack voters more likely to lose their votes
Electoral College: debated, but not addressed by Congress
The media and its role in the 2000 Presidential election
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Legacies of Election 2000 First first lady elected to public office: Hillary Clinton Third parties
The Green Party and Ralph Nader
An evenly split Senate until Vermont Senator, Jeffords, switches from Republican to Independent
George W. Bush reverses Clinton’s environmental policies, ushers through Congress large tax cut, retreats from international treaties and issues