©2003, elsevier science (usa). all rights reserved. chapter 1,2,& 4 nutrition essentials and...

©2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 1,2,& 4

NUTRITION ESSENTIALSand Diet Therapy

by Angie Lawson RN, BSN

CHAPTER 1,2,& 4

NUTRITION ESSENTIALSand Diet Therapy

by Angie Lawson RN, BSN

01- 01


History of Food Guides 1940s—Seven Food Groups; included butter

(for a vitamin D source).

1950s—“Basic Four” Food Groups. Composed of bread, vegetables and fruits, dairy, and meat/protein.

1990s—The Food Guide Pyramid. The foundation of the diet (base of the pyramid) is plant-based; fats and sugars form the smallest part of the diet (tip of the pyramid).

01- 02


Basic Terms

Nutrition

Malnutrition

Optimal Nutrition

Nutrient

Kilocalorie

Health

Public Health

Holistic Health

Medical Nutrition Therapy


External Barriers to Adequate Nutrition

Economic

Physical

Cultural

Ecologic

Emotional

Religious

Political


Positive Meal Environment Positive Conversation

Soft Music

Candles

Eat as a family

Food Variety

Encourage Relaxation


Know some Positive Ethnic Eating Habits for:

Chinese

French

Japanese

Mediterranean Region


Vegetarians Lacto-ovo vegetarian

Lacto-vegetarian

Total vegetarian

01- 03


Macronutrients Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

01- 04


Carbohydrates Sugars

– Monosaccharides

– Disaccharides

Starches

– Polysaccharide

Dietary Fiber


Proteins Biological Value

Essential Amino Acids

Complete Protein

Incomplete Protein


Fats (Lipids) Phospholipids

Sterols

Monounsaturated Fats

Saturated Fats

Unsaturated Fats

Cholesterol

Triglycerides


Triglycerides Diglycerides

Monoglycerides

Glycerol


Calories per Gram Carbohydrates = 4 kcal Proteins = 4 kcal Fats = 9 kcal

***YOU WILL WANT TO MEMORIZE THIS. YOU WILL

SEE IT AGAIN.***


Vitamins & Minerals Water soluble

Fat soluble

Major Minerals

Trace Minerals


Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K


Water Soluble Vitamins Vitamin B Complex

– Thiamin (Vit B1)

– Riboflavin (Vit B2)

– Niacin (Vit B3)

– Pyridoxine (Vit B6)

– Cobalamin (Vit B12)


Water Soluble Vitamins (cont.) Folate

Choline

Pantothenic Acid

Biotin

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)


Major Minerals Calcium

Magnesium

Phosphorus

Potassium

Sodium


Trace Minerals Fluoride

Iron

Iodine

Selenium

Zinc


Other Trace Minerals Chromium

Cobalt

Copper

Manganese

Molybdenum

Sulfur

Nickel, Tin, Vanadium & Silicon


Electrolytes Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Magnesium

Chloride

Phosphate


Harmful Minerals Arsenic

Excess Mercury

Lead


Water > ½ of body weight is water

Intake = Output

Increase intake

– Excessive sweating

– Fever

– Diarrhea

– High protein & fiber diets

©2003, elsevier science (usa). all rights reserved. chapter 1,2,& 4 nutrition essentials and...

Documents