2003 ai outbreak holland: comparing culling methods
DESCRIPTION
This study of a group of students was conducted in 2003, during the outbreak of H7N7 in Holland. Since a new series of outbreaks recently started in Asia, it's good to look back at the efficiency and effectiveness of the Dutch Emergency Response was.TRANSCRIPT
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Colloqium Avian InfluenzaColloqium Avian Influenza
Introduction Problem definition and research questions Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions
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Avian Influenza in the Avian Influenza in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Evaluation of
culling methods used
during the
outbreak in 2003
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Avian Influenza in the Avian Influenza in the NetherlandsNetherlands
Students: Judith Dietvorst
Marjan Kamphorst
Supervisors: Dr. Simon Oosting (WUR)
Harm Kiezebrink (HKI)
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IntroductionIntroduction
Outbreak AI started March 2003 Culling AI-sensitive animals HKI Wageningen B.V. offered equipment and staff to cull poultry
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Problem definitionProblem definition
Many animals have to be culled Not much knowledge about culling methods used during AI
outbreak in Netherlands
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Research questions Research questions
What are the differences, comparing the methods used during the AI outbreak in the Netherlands in 2003, defined per farming system?
- capacity
- animal welfare
- feather spreading
- working condition
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Research questions Research questions
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the culling methods used during the outbreak in the Netherlands?
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Material and methods Material and methods
Culling methods used during outbreak- Electrocution: mobile slaughter lines with a waterbath
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Material and methods Material and methods
- RF2: wheelie bin containers with a steal lit, filled with 60% - 80% Carbon Dioxide.
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Material and methods Material and methods
- CAS: Controlled Atmosphere stunning. Tunnel with conveyor belt which goes trough stunning system. Combination of CO2, O2 and N2.
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Material and methods Material and methods
- House gassing: 4 different companies worked with CO2. Gas is distributed out of the gas tank into the house through tubes.
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Material and methodsMaterial and methods
Farms Located in Gelderse Vallei and Nederweert 22 observations on 11 farms and one
slaughterhouse Different farming systems
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Material and methodsMaterial and methods
Four aspects of culling methods were measured:
1 Capacity: number of animals per hour that can be culled
2 Feather spreading: amount of feather spreading during culling was observed.
Scores were given from zero till four ( no spreading till extreme spreading)
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Material and methods Material and methods
Observing periods Electrocution RF2 House gassing Catch X X Shackle X Put into container X Tubes brought into house X Culling process X X X
3. Animal welfare: divided in stress, back laying and live animals
Stress: observed animals on behavior like wing flapping, struggling, vocalization, head shaking and gasping. Scores were given on a scale of 1 to 10: a score of 1 is enormously stressful and 10 absence of stress
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Material and methods Material and methods
Back laying: Counted dead poultry that were laying on their back. Could mean that poultry had to
struggle before they died.
Live animals: Counted surviving animals after the culling process.
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Material and methods Material and methods
4. Working conditions:
- Catching birds out of house
- Walking with birds
- Shackling birds
- Use of CO2
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ResultsResults
Culling method
Cage systems
Floor systems1
Average
RF2
9.5b, y 3.2x 6.3b
Electrocution
2.5a 3.0 2.8a
House gassing
13.3c,y 4.6x 9.0b
CAS
n.a. n.a. -
Average
8.4y 3.6x
1 Hobby animals excluded n.a. : not available
Capacity: x 1000 animals per hour
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ResultsResults
Feather spreading
Culling method Score RF2
1.9b
Electrocution
2.7c
House gassing
0.9a
Different superscripts within column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
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ResultsResults
Culling method
Catching Importing Culling
RF2
4.9 5.1b 5.4b
Electrocution
3.9 3.4a 3.9a
House gassing
- 4.8a 3.9a
Different superscripts within column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
Animal welfare
- Stress observations: scored as affected by catching, importing animals into culling operation and the culling as such
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ResultsResults
Culling method Live animals % Incidence RF2 (n = 6) 0 0 Electrocution (n = 4) 2.3 3 House gassing (n= 11) 4.5 1 CAS (n = 1) 0 0
Animal welfare
- Back laying: assessed for the four house gassing systems. Average of 3.7% was found back laying after culling
-Live animals:
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ResultsResults
Observations RF2 Electrocution House gassing
Catching live birds out of cages, floor or aviary system
+++ +++
Walking with live birds out of house
+++ +++
Use of CO2
++ ++
Shackling birds
++
Putting birds into container
++
+ = light work ++ = average work +++ = heavy work
Working conditions
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DiscussionDiscussion
Capacity- Farming system
- Number of RF2 containers used
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DiscussionDiscussion
Animal welfare- Subjective results
- Back laying: could be a measurement , but back laying is a result of convulsions.
- RF2 no live animals, but maybe not only by CO2.
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DiscussionDiscussion
Feather spreading- Assumption made feathers could spread virus. Not
found in literature.
Working conditions- Cage system and house gassing: clearly heavier than
the other farming system. Rigor mortis takes place very soon after gassing.
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ConclusionsConclusions
CapacityCapacity Advantage Disadvantage RF2 - the more containers
available the quicker the culling goes
- time needed to walk from house to RF2
- time needed to fill the container with gas
Electrocution - many animals could be shackled
- time needed to walk out of the house to electrocution system
House gassing
- a lot of animals in one time
- waiting after gassing before evacuators can do their work
CAS - not many animals could be
culled per hour
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ConclusionsConclusions
Animal welfareAnimal welfare
Advantage Disadvantage
RF2 - quick death - no live animals
- sultriness while animals are consciousness
Electrocution - when system
properly used quick death
- live animals - pre stun shock
House gassing
- normally a mild culling process
- slow death
CAS - quick death
- not enough animals, birds could be consciousness in phase two.
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ConclusionsConclusions
Feather spreading
Feather spreading
Advantage Disadvantage
RF2 - closed container - walking with birds out of the house
Electrocution - walking with birds and shackling
House gassing
- closed house - ventilation on and doors open after gassing
CAS - closed system
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ConclusionsConclusions
Working conditionsWorking conditions
Advantage Disadvantage
RF2 - cage system: not running after birds
- catching live birds: aviary, free range and floor systems
Electrocution - cage system: not
running after birds
- catching live birds: aviary, free range and floor systems
House gassing
- dead birds: no running
- rigor mortis
CAS - cage system: not running after birds
- catching live bids: aviary, free range and floor systems
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Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.
Questions?