2002 by peter vogelsang

8/6/2019 2002 by Peter Vogelsang

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Ahlswede 1Greg Ahlswede

Larry Neuburger

Eng 101-132

09 March 2011

Annotated Bibliography

Nazi Death Camps

Vogelsang, Peter. " Holocaust education ."Holocaust education . N.p., 2002. Web. 29 Mar.

2011.

The Holocaust was the first time that industrial plants were used to kill people. There were six

main death camps that were established in Poland from 1941-1945. Chelmno was the first ofthese, it was in west Poland. After Chelmno, the Nazis quickly made three other death camps,

Belzec, Treblinka, Sobibor, Auschwitz, and Majdanek. These camps were made under the codename Operation Reinhard. These camps murdered over three million Jews. One hundred and

fifty-two thousand were killed in Chelmno. Auschwitz exterminated over one million Jews. AtBelzec over 600,000 were killed. Sobibor was responsible for the deaths of 250,000 more Jews.

Treblinka killed 900,000 Jews. Majdanek killed from 60,000- 80,000 Jews. The Jews wouldarrive at the death camps in overcrowded trains. As soon as they were herded off their personal

belongings and clothes were taken from them. The men and women were separated. Some ofthe men would go to the gas showers immediately and others that were healthy were sent to

work. The women had their hair cut off and then either sent to a gas chamber or to work like themen. Even the Jews who were able to work were sent to the gas chambers eventually. After

they had been killed the Nazis and some of the working Jews helped carry the bodies to massgraves and take any gold teeth. In Sobibor, Treblinka and Auschwitz there were some small

rebellions among the Jews but only a few managed to escape.

This was a very good resource. It had a lot of useful information.

Bulow, Louis. Gates to Hell-The Nazi Death Camps . Web. 2008-2010. March 9, 2011

In 1933 there were nine million Jews living in the twenty-one countries occupied by Germany inWorld War II. Twelve years later, in 1945, there were only one third of those Jews left.

Approximately six million Jews had been exterminated and only about three million hadsurvived. The number of children killed is not known but it is estimated that 1.5 million were

killed during the Holocaust. In Mordecai Paldiels book, Sheltering the Jews, he is quoted assaying, Never before in history had children been singled out for destruction for no other reason

than having been born. Children, of course, were no match for the Nazis mighty andsophisticated killing machine.... The first concentration camp made in Nazi Germany was KZ


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Ahlswede 2Dachau. This concentration camp was used primarily for the outcasts of the Nazi society,particularly chosen by Hitler. In the late 1930s the Nazi had murdered thousands of hadi-capped

German citizens. In 1941 a method used to exterminate Jews was having mobile killing unitskilling gypsies and vagrant Jews in the wake of the Nazi army. Nazi concentration camps were

later established as a more organized and convenient way of killing the Jews.

This website gave me information I had never heard before.

Auschwitz." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . N.p., 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2011.

Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp that the Nazis ever made. It had three separatecamps within it. Auschwitz I was the first of the three camps. It was built in an old Polish

artillery barrack. There were three main purposes of Auschwitz I: 1) to imprison real andperceived enemies of the Nazis 2) to be well-stocked in workers for the war effort and 3) to have

a place to exterminate enemies of Nazi Germany. In Auschwitz I SS doctors conducted manyexperiments on dwarfs, twins, and infants and castrations, sterilizations and hypothermia

experiments on adults. The most famous of these doctors was Dr. Josef Mengele. There was aplace called the Black Wall where the Nazis killed tons and tons of Jews. Auschwitz II held

most of the prisoners and separated into twelve sections by electrified, barbed-wire fences. Itcontained a killing center where Zyklon B gas was first used successfully as a means of mass

murder. Because of Zyklon Bs success it was used for all of Auschwitzs gas killings.Auschwitz III was also known as Buna or or Monowitz. Its main purpose was to house

prisoners to work at Buna Synthetic Rubber Works. I.G. Farben owned synthetc works and usedthe Jews for free labor. Approximately 1.1 million Jews were deported to Auschwitz. About

140,000 non-Jewish Polls, 23,000 Gypsies, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war and 25,000 otherSoviet citizens were deported here as well. There was a rebellion here in early 1945. Some of

the Jews had learned about their fates. So some Jewish women who worked in an armamentfactory had sneaked in explosives and they used these to blow up a crematorium and a gas

chamber and killed three guards. The women who had sneaked in these explosives were publiclyhanged. Auschwitz was responsible for over 960,000 Jews deaths not counting other non-

Jewish prisoners who were there.

The Nazis were crazy.

Treblinka." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . N.p., 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2011

Treblinka was constructed in 1941 and was a forced-labor camp for Jews, later known asTreblinka I. In 1942, about a mile a way from Treblinka I, Treblinka II was constructed. It was

a killing center. The killing center was heavily camouflaged by trees and foliage. They built arailway between Treblinka I and Treblinka II. Treblinka II was shaped like a trapezoid and had a

barbed-wire fence around it. There were twenty-six foot watchtowers around the base and oneon each corner. The camp was divided into three areas: the reception, the living area, and the

killing area. A camouflaged, fenced path, known as the tube led from the reception area to thegas chamber. The Jews were commanded to undress and run down the tube to the gas chamber

which was labeled as shower. Once inside the chamber the Nazis would begin to pump carbonmonoxide into the room. Some of the Jews were forced to carry the bodies from the chamber

and bury them in mass graves. Later on they had to dig them up and burn them on makeshiftovens made of rail track. Other Jewish prisoners were assigned to take all of the valuables from


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Ahlswede 3the prisoners and rally Jews into the tube. They also had to clean out the rail cars that the Jewshad arrived in. After a while the German SS police would personally kill the working Jews and

replace them with new ones who arrived on the trains. Some of the Jews who were too weak tomake it down to the gas chamber on their own would be told they would get medical attention

and were carried by German soldiers down to a camouflaged area to a tent with a red cross on it.

Once there the SS would shoot them. Between July and September of 1942 the Germansdeported about 265,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka. In 1943 Jewish prisonersformed a resistance in Treblinka. On August 2, resistance leaders led a revolt. They quietly

went to the armoury to get guns but they were caught before they could take over the camp.Then they stormed the main gate. Machine gun fire killed many, but 300 managed to escape.

Eventually about two-thirds of those were captured and killed. In fall of l943 Treblinka II wasordered to be dismantled. Treblinka I, the labor camp, was still in operation until late July of

1944 when Soviet soldiers had been spotted around the area. The Germans quickly murdered therest of the Jews, which was somewhere between 300 and 700 and quickly dismantled and

evacuated the camp. At Treblinka the Germans killed between 870,000 and 925,000 Jews.

This is the best site I have found.

Chelmno." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . N.p., 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2011.

German SS and police authorities made Chelmno for the annihilation of the Jews fromWartheland including Lodz ghetto. It was facility where poisonous gas was first used to kill

large amounts of Jews. They would load the Jews into gas vans and connect a tube to theexhaust and pump carbon monoxide into the van. The vans would hold 50-70 people. It would

take a while and still not all of the Jews would be dead. So the German guards took them out andshot them. Chelmnos main base was a run-down castle. The SS were in charge of killing the

Jews in Chelmno. They were receiving their orders from a higher up SS officer GeneralWilhelm Koppe. They began killing operations on December 8, 1941. Often SS police would

dress in white coats to make the Jews think that they were physicians. They would explain tothem how they were to be sent to work in Germany but first they needed to bathe and hand over

all of their possessions. They would then be sent into the gas vans.

This website was very helpful.

Belzec." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . N.p., 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2011.

Belzec was a labor camp constructed in 1940. They used the Jews to build anti-tank ditches indefense against the Russians. In late 1940 the Belzec labor camp was dismantled and rebuilt into

a concentration camp in November of 1941. They chose Belzeks location because it was by therailway that connected to large Jewish populations in Lvov, Krakow, and Lublin. There were

only 20-30 ss and german police officers in Belzec. But they did have a auxiliary gaurd unit ofbetween 90-120 men.

still a good source.

Majdanek." Scrapbook Pages, . N.p., 21 July 2009. Web. 29 Mar. 2011.

Majdanek was opened in October 1, 1941 and was liberated in July 23, 1944 by Russian troops.


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Ahlswede 4Majdanek was located in the Polish town of Lubin. It did not start out as a concentration camp,

it was first a POW camp. Throughout its duration Majdanek received thousands of war even

including a few Americans. The first Jewish prisoners arrived in April, 1942. After OperationReinhard, all of the confiscated clothes of the prisoners from the camps of Belzec, Treblinka,

and Sobibor were sent to Majdanek. There they were disinfected with Zylklon-B gas which was

the same gas they used to gas Jews with. Majdanek had two barbed-wire fences surrounding it.It was located in a huge field and could be seen from all sides. You could clearly see thecrematorium and the smoke coming out of it from a mile away. The gas chamber was only a few

yards from a busy road. There relatively very little camouflage at all. Karl Otto Koch was thefirst comandant at Majdanek. He was sent there as a punishment because he did not pay his

taxes. In 1943 he was put on trial for killing two prisoners and accepting bribes from Jews. Hewas convicted and executed by the Nazis. All of the prisoners at Majdanek were allowed to

receive packages from the Red Cross and from Polish citizens. The Nazis even supplied theprisoners with thank you cards to send back. Majdanek was made into a museum just one month

after it was liberated and before some concentration camps were even closed. It was the firstmuseum made from a concentration camp.

loads of information that Ive never heard of.

Survivor testimony about Treblinka Death camp." you tube . N.p., 22 Apr. 2008. Web. 29 Mar.

2011

When he got to Treblinka they pulled him and his mom and 3 younger sisters off the cattle car.Right away they separated Him and his family. Women to the left and men to the right. He saw

signs pointing to all sorts of different towns and city. The Germans said this was only a stoppingpoint. All they had to do was to obey the German guards orders. Then they said that they could

go to any close by town they wont to and a train will come and take them there. But it was adeceit. Then they sent the women to get there hair saved and go to the gas chamber. They had

to go down a ally that was about 3 meters wide and had Ukrainians Guards with dogs. The dogsbit the women every were. And then they went into the gas chamber. They used the gas from a

Russian Tank instead of Zyklon-B. It chocked people in about 25 minutes. He said it wasTerrible to hear the screaming. The kids were in there to and They keept yelling for there moms

and dads. He was a worker Jew so his job was to take the bodies from the gas chamber to theramp were they would be taken to a trench and Bury. He said some of the would still be alive

when he was carrying them to the ramp, and he would hear them take there last breath.

Very sad story.

European History Quarterly. N.p., Oct. 2009. Web. 29 Mar. 2011

The sub camps were way worse than the main camps. unspeakable things happened in them.

I hate the database......

2002 by peter vogelsang

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