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The NEMO Status ReportThe NEMO Status Report

M.TaiutiM.Taiution behalf of the NEMO Collaborationon behalf of the NEMO Collaboration

Merida, Yucatan, MexicoMerida, Yucatan, Mexico30th International Cosmic Ray Conference30th International Cosmic Ray Conference

July 3 - 11, 2007July 3 - 11, 2007

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The NEMO CollaborationThe NEMO Collaboration

INFNINFN Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Napoli, Pisa, RomaBari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Napoli, Pisa, Roma

► UniversitiesUniversities Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma “La Sapienza”Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma “La Sapienza”

CNRCNR Istituto di Oceanografia Fisica, La SpeziaIstituto di Oceanografia Fisica, La Spezia Istituto di Biologia del Mare, VeneziaIstituto di Biologia del Mare, Venezia Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico, MessinaIstituto Sperimentale Talassografico, Messina

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS)Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS)

Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione (ISCTI)dell’Informazione (ISCTI)

more than 80 more than 80 researchersresearchers involvedinvolved

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A Northern Telescope for High Energy A Northern Telescope for High Energy NeutrinosNeutrinos

► The small cross section and the expected low The small cross section and the expected low neutrino flux require neutrino flux require large volume telescope large volume telescope ~~ 1 km 1 km33

long observation time long observation time ~~ yrs yrs

► The atmospheric muon background requiresThe atmospheric muon background requires a shielding a shielding >> 2000 m water equivalent 2000 m water equivalent

► The Mediterranean Sea provides convenient sites The Mediterranean Sea provides convenient sites

NEMOCapo Passero 3400 m

NESTORPylos 4000 m

ANTARESToulon 2400 m

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NEMO R&D ActivityNEMO R&D Activity

► Site locationSite location More than 25 sea campaigns since More than 25 sea campaigns since

19981998

► NEMO-KM4NEMO-KM4 80 km off-shore80 km off-shore 3500 m depth3500 m depth

80 km NEMO-KM4

CataniaINFN-LNS

TSN

TSS

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NEMO-KM4 PropertiesNEMO-KM4 Properties

► High water transparencyHigh water transparency Data compatible with pure salt water Data compatible with pure salt water

propertiesproperties No seasonal variationsNo seasonal variations

► Reduced background, mostly from Reduced background, mostly from 4040K decayK decay 10” PMT thres. 0.5 p.e. 10” PMT thres. 0.5 p.e.

noise rate noise rate ~~ 30 kHz 30 kHz Bioluminescence almost absentBioluminescence almost absent

► Geologically stableGeologically stable

Base line rate (Threshold 1)

15

20

25

30

35

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49

Date (days since the 31 st of March)

Cou

nti

ng

rate

s (k

Hz)

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

Tim

e ab

ove

200

kH

z

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NEMO kmNEMO km33 Conceptual Design Conceptual Design

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NEMO kmNEMO km33 Conceptual Design Conceptual Design

► Proposed lay-outProposed lay-out

10 junction boxes10 junction boxes 81 towers81 towers 5832 PMTs5832 PMTs

140-180 m

140-

180

m

TowerTower

Secondary Secondary JBJB

Electro-optical cable to Electro-optical cable to shoreshore

Primary JBPrimary JB

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The Expected PerformancesThe Expected Performances

► Simulations show excellent Simulations show excellent angular resolution angular resolution and sensitivityand sensitivity

NEMO NEMO ► 81 towers 140 m spaced 81 towers 140 m spaced ► 5832 PMTs5832 PMTs

ICECUBE ICECUBE ► 80 strings 125 m spaced 80 strings 125 m spaced ► 4800 PMTs4800 PMTs

IceCube simulations from Ahrens et al. Astrop. Phys. 20 (2004) 507

NEMO search bin 0.3° IceCube search bin 1°

Sensitivity to a E-2 neutrino spectrum from a pointlike

source

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South branchSouth branch5.000 km5.000 km

North branchNorth branch5.220 km5.220 km

The NEMO Phase-1 ActivityThe NEMO Phase-1 Activity

OnDE acoustic stationOnDE acoustic station

Operating from Operating from Jan 2005 till Dec 2006Jan 2005 till Dec 2006

Junction Junction BoxBox

Tower FrameFrame

Single armored Single armored cablecable

20.595 km20.595 km

Double armored Double armored cablecable2.330 km2.330 km

BUBU

NEMONEMOPhase-1Phase-1

Jumpers 300mJumpers 300m Jumper Jumper 300m300m

Geoseismic Geoseismic stationstationSN-1 station SN-1 station (INGV)(INGV)

Operating since Operating since Jan 2005Jan 2005

NEMO Phase-NEMO Phase-11

Operating Operating since since 16 Dec 200616 Dec 2006

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The NEMO Junction BoxThe NEMO Junction Box

Electro-optical

splitting box

Glass reinforced plastic container

Marine Alum. external frame

Transformer Electronics

Electro-optical

connectors

Successfully Successfully deployed deployed Dec. 10, 2006Dec. 10, 2006

► Innovative design to decoupleInnovative design to decouplethe corrosion and pressurethe corrosion and pressureresistance problemsresistance problems

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The NEMO Prototype TowerThe NEMO Prototype Tower

► 4 floors4 floors Length 15 mLength 15 m Vertical spacing 40 mVertical spacing 40 m

► 16 Optical Modules with 10” 16 Optical Modules with 10” PMTPMT

► Acoustic PositioningAcoustic Positioning 2 hydrophones per floor2 hydrophones per floor 1 beacon on the tower base1 beacon on the tower base

► Environmental instrumentationEnvironmental instrumentation 1 compass + tiltmeter in each 1 compass + tiltmeter in each

Floor Control ModuleFloor Control Module CTD (Conductivity-CTD (Conductivity-

Temperature-Depth) probe on Temperature-Depth) probe on floor 1floor 1

C* (attenuation length meter) C* (attenuation length meter) on floor 2on floor 2

ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Profiler ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Profiler (including compass) on floor 4(including compass) on floor 4

TBM

FPM

FPM

FCM

FCM FPM

FCM

FCM FPM

br

br

br

br

HH

OM OMC T D

A BC *

ADCP

Tower Base

Floor 1

Floor 2

Floor 3

Floor 4

Buoy

HC

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““Folded” tower ready Folded” tower ready for transportation and deploymentfor transportation and deployment

4 floors4 floors

The NEMO TowerThe NEMO Tower► Semi-rigid structure provides Semi-rigid structure provides

“easy” assembly, “easy” assembly, transportation and deploymenttransportation and deployment

► The 4-floor prototype has been The 4-floor prototype has been successfully deployed and is successfully deployed and is operating since Dec. 16, 2006operating since Dec. 16, 2006

Successfully Successfully deployed deployed Dec. 15, 2006Dec. 15, 2006

Successfully Successfully connected connected Dec. 16, 2006Dec. 16, 2006

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Calibration - Preliminary ResultsCalibration - Preliminary Results

► Absolute positioningAbsolute positioning Long Baseline acoustic positioning system Long Baseline acoustic positioning system

based on five Acoustic Beaconsbased on five Acoustic Beacons 3 autonomous beacons battery operated3 autonomous beacons battery operated 1 beacon on the Junction Box (not operating)1 beacon on the Junction Box (not operating) 1 beacon on the Tower base1 beacon on the Tower base

► Time offset determinationTime offset determination network of optical fibres to flash several OMs network of optical fibres to flash several OMs

at one time with fast LED light pulsesat one time with fast LED light pulses

≈ ≈ 1.5 ns1.5 ns

350 m250 m

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Preliminary ResultsPreliminary Results

► Systematics over one month Systematics over one month shows good water shows good water properties:properties: baseline ratebaseline rate burst fraction evaluated as burst fraction evaluated as

time above 1.2xbaselinetime above 1.2xbaseline burst fraction evaluated as burst fraction evaluated as

time above 200 kHztime above 200 kHz

► The Tower can recontruct The Tower can recontruct atmospheric muon tracks!atmospheric muon tracks! January 24 2007 - Run R17 January 24 2007 - Run R17

file 1 Event # 366059 13 file 1 Event # 366059 13 PMT hitPMT hit

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The NEMO Phase-2The NEMO Phase-2

80 km NEMO-KM4

to NEMO-KM4

► Infrastructures for an -3500 m Infrastructures for an -3500 m underwater siteunderwater site Electro-optical cable (50 kW – 20 fibres)Electro-optical cable (50 kW – 20 fibres)

► Deployment scheduled in summer 2007 Deployment scheduled in summer 2007 ► Deployment of DC/DC Converter Deployment of DC/DC Converter

beginning 2008beginning 2008 Shore station in PortoPalo di Capo Shore station in PortoPalo di Capo

Passero Passero ► Building under renovation. Completion Building under renovation. Completion

beginning 2008beginning 2008 NEMO TowerNEMO Tower

► Deployment forseen by middle 2008Deployment forseen by middle 2008

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Conclusions and PerspectivesConclusions and Perspectives

► The NEMO Collaboration is working on a long-term R&D The NEMO Collaboration is working on a long-term R&D program toward a kmprogram toward a km33 -telescope in the Mediterranean Sea-telescope in the Mediterranean Sea

An optimal candidate site has been found: NEMO-KM4An optimal candidate site has been found: NEMO-KM4

The NEMO Phase-1, aiming to validate the proposed technologies, The NEMO Phase-1, aiming to validate the proposed technologies, has been successfully conducted at the Catania Test Sitehas been successfully conducted at the Catania Test Site► Since Jan. 2005 the geoseismic and acoustic stations are fully Since Jan. 2005 the geoseismic and acoustic stations are fully

operativeoperative► The Junction Box and the mini-Tower has been deployed at the end of The Junction Box and the mini-Tower has been deployed at the end of

20062006► Data taking is in progressData taking is in progress

The NEMO Phase-2, aiming to realize the deep sea station at The NEMO Phase-2, aiming to realize the deep sea station at NEMO-KM4, is in progressNEMO-KM4, is in progress► The deployment of the electro-optical cable is scheduled in 2007The deployment of the electro-optical cable is scheduled in 2007► The set-up of the onshore station is in progressThe set-up of the onshore station is in progress► The deployment of a full-size tower is foreseen in 2008 The deployment of a full-size tower is foreseen in 2008

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Toward the Toward the -Telescope-Telescope

► EU funded the joint activity for a European-scale EU funded the joint activity for a European-scale Design Study for a kmDesign Study for a km33 -telescope in the -telescope in the Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

KM3NeT: ANTARES-NEMO-NESTOR consortiumKM3NeT: ANTARES-NEMO-NESTOR consortium

http://www.km3net.org/http://www.km3net.org/

► The experience gained will contribute to the The experience gained will contribute to the advancement of the KM3NeT activitiesadvancement of the KM3NeT activities