2 sifat-sifat fisik tanah · contoh: leuwikopo : pasir (x) 25%, liat (y) 62%, debu (z) 13%. pasir...

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Sifat-sifat fisik tanah Texture Structure Soil density Bulk density Moisture content Porosity Measurement methods

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Page 1: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Sifat-sifat fisik tanah TextureStructureSoil densityBulk densityMoisture contentPorosityMeasurement methods

Page 2: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Physical properties of a soil Karakteristik sifat fisik tanah dapat dilihat dengan mata atau

dirasakan antara ibu jari dan jari lainnya Adalah hasil dari bahan induk tanah yang dipengaruhi oleh

faktor iklim (seperti curah hujan dan suhu), dan dipengaruhi oleh topografi dan berbagai bentuk kehidupan (jenis dan jumlah, seperti hutan, rumput, atau tanah hewan) selama periode waktu.

Sifat fisik penting dari tanah yang adalah warna, tekstur, struktur, drainase, kedalaman, dan fitur permukaan (bebatuan, kemiringan, dan erosi).

Page 3: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Four Major Components of Soil Mineral –Serves as the solid

fraction of the soil. 45% of the Soil Volume

Organic Material –1-5% of the Soil Volume> Dead organic material making up the humus> Microbial Activity of the Soil

Air (udara)– Found in pore space of soil

Water – Found in the pore space of soil

Page 4: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Profil Tanah

Lapisan Atas (Olah)

Horison A

Horison B

Horison C

Page 5: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Texture Tekstur mengacu pada jumlah relatif partikel

tanah yang berbeda ukuran, atau kehalusan / kekasaran partikel mineral dalam tanah.

Tekstur tanah adalah istilah yang umum digunakan untuk menunjuk distribusi proporsional dari berbagai ukuran partikel mineral dalam tanah.

Tekstur tanah adalah proporsi relatif dari pasir, debu dan tanah liat berdasar ukuran partikel dalam tanah.

Page 6: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Pers

enta

se le

bih

halu

s (%

)

Diameter partikel (mm)

Liat Debu Pasir Gravel

Page 7: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Interaksi Tanah dan Mesin Pertanian

Partikel Tanah Ukuran partikel tanah: halus kasar Klasifikasi partikel tanah:

Page 8: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Particle size classification

Soil Separate

Particle diameter (mm)

USDAISSS (Indian Society of Soil

Science)

Sand 2.0-0.05 2.0-0.02

Silt 0.05-0.002 0.02-0.002

Clay less than 0.002 less than 0.002

Page 9: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Clay: .. - 0.002 mm

Silt: 0.002 – 0.05 mm

Sand: 0.05 mm - ….

USDA

Page 10: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Tabel : Kelas ukuran utama butiran anorganik

UkuranNama Umum

Dapat dilihat

denganSusunan dominan

Sangat kasar

Batu, kerikil

Mata Pecahan batuan

Kasar Pasir Mata Mineral primer

Halus Debu MikroskopMineral primer dan sekunder

Sangat halus

Liat MiskroskopUmumnya mineral sekunder

Ukuran butir/partikel tanah berkaitan dengan sifat-sifat tanah; sifat individu maupun sifat gabungan (lihat segitiga tekstur)

Page 11: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Interaksi Tanah dan Mesin Pertanian

Klasifikasi Tekstur Tanah Berdasarkan distribusi ukuran partikel tanah dan plastisitas Menggunakan: Segi-tiga tekstur untuk pertanian

1. International Society of Soil Science (ISSS)2. US Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%

Page 12: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,
Page 13: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

PASIR

Pasir 20%

Liat 30%

Debu 50%

10. Silty Clay

10

Page 14: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Soal latihanThrough mechanical analysis, a

particular soil comes up with: 35% Clay 52% Silt 13% SandWhat is the soil texture of the soil?

Page 15: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Sand

Silt

Clay

Page 16: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Ukuran Fraksi

Domain : kelompok partikel liat (< 5 mikron)Granules : kelompok domain, debu, pasir halus

(< 0.5 mm)Crumbs : kumpulan granules (> 0.5 mm)Clods : agregat tanah (> 1 cm)

Page 17: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Soil structure

Granular Blocky Prismatic Columnar

Platy Single grained

Massive

Page 18: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Struktur Tanah

Pori di antara partikel padatan disebut PORI :1) Pori makro dan 2) pori mikro

2) Distribusi ukuran pori

1) Susunan ketiga komponen pembentuk tanah (padatan, cairan dan udara/gas).

Padatan

CairanGas/udara

Page 19: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Illustration

Air

Water

Solid

Va

Vw

Vs

Vv

VWw

Ws

W

Page 20: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Porosity (n)

Ukuran relatif rongga pada suatu sampel tanah

It is the ratio of the voids volume (Vv) to the total volume (V) of the soil sample

Page 21: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Void ratio (e)

The void ratio (e) is the ratio of the void volume (Vv) to the volume of the solids (Vs) in a soil sample.

Page 22: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Water content (w)

Water content of the soil (w) is the ratio of the weight of water (Ww) to that of the solids (Ws).

Page 23: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Degree of saturation (Sr)

The degree of saturation (Sr) is the percentage of void space that is occupied by water

Page 24: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Unit Weight of density ()

The unit weight of density () is defined as the weight divided by the volume.

Page 25: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Dry density (d)

The dry density (d) is the weight of solids divided by the total volume.

Page 26: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Density of solid particles (s)

The density of the solids in the soil (s) is expressed as follows.

The density of the solids in soils is found to be somewhat constant.

It is generally remains between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cc. The average value is 2.65 g/cc for sand and silt; and 2.75 g/cc for clay.

Page 27: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,
Page 28: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Soil texture analysis

40 s

6 h

Page 29: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,
Page 30: 2 Sifat-sifat fisik tanah · Contoh: Leuwikopo : Pasir (x) 25%, Liat (y) 62%, Debu (z) 13%. PASIR Pasir 20% Liat 30% Debu 50% 10. Silty Clay 10. Soal latihan Through mechanical analysis,

Soil sampling – bulk density

Pisau

Ring sample

Alat bantu pengambil contoh tanah

Timbangan