2. rhythm & pitch
TRANSCRIPT
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Key Terms (Rhythm and
Te
mpo) compound meter
syncopation tempo
metronome marks
tempo indications fermata
rhythm
beat accent
meter
measure (bar) bar lines
simple meter
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Questions
1. How is my experience of time
different as I listened to each
excerpt?2. What makes the passage of time
feel different in each excerpt?
3. Which excerpt feels longer?
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Rhythm
rhythm = relationship between
sounds in time
a rhythm = arrangement of longer
and shortersounds and silences
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Time Conceptsin Western Music
beat
regularbackground pulse
accent extra emphasis on a beat
regular, irregular, orno accents
meter regular,recurring pattern of accented and
unaccented (strong and weak) beats
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Meter
simple meters
compound meter irregularmeters
no meter(nonmetrical)
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Simple Meters
duple meterONE two | ONE two | ONE two |
triple meter
ONE two three | ONE two three |
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Compound Meter
two ormore beats permeasure
quick, triple subdivision of beatsONE-and-a two-and-a | ONE-and-a two-and-a |
Row,row,row yourboat
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Rhythm vs. Meter
meteras background; rhythm as
fore
ground
meterthe yardstick; rhythm the
object being measured
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Rhythm
can coincide with meter strongly
me
trical
can play with meter syncopation
can contradict meter implying the
wrong meterorbecomingnonmetrical
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Syncopation
displaces accents
accents on weak beats
one TWO | one TWO | one TWO|
plays with meter
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Hemiola
a type of syncopation in which two
groups of three beats arereplaced
by three groups of two beats, giving
theeffect of a shift between triple
and duple meter
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Hemiola
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Tempo
the speed of music
therate at which beats follow oneanother
metronome marks: exact
60 = 1 beat/sec. 120 = 2 beats/sec.
tempo indications: approximate;can express mood
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Common Tempo Indications
adagio or largo slow
andante slow, but not too slowmoderato moderate
allegro fast
presto very fast
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Tempo Changes
accelerando gradually faster
ritardando gradually slowerpi lento slower
piallegro faster
fermata hold of indefinite length
a tempo at the main tempo
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Key Terms (Pitch)
pitch
scale interval
octave
diatonic scale
chromatic scale
half step
whole step
flat
sharp
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Aspects of Pitch
definite or indefinite
high or low scale: a pool of definite pitches
interval: the distance between any
two notes
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Octave
eight span
highernote seems to duplicatelowernote
smooth blend of sound comes from
overtone series
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Step
usually the distance between
adjacent notes of a scale
suggests a ladderof discrete
pitches
scale steps: specific notes of ascale (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do)
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HalfStep (Semitone)
the smallest interval
the distance between two adjacentnotes of the chromatic scale
the distance between two adjacent
notes on thekeyboard
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WholeStep
the most common interval in
diatonic scales
equals two consecutive half steps
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Scales
fixed collections of pitches used to
construct music
diatonic scales
chromatic scales
otherscales (modern and worldmusic)
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Diatonic Scales
contain seven pitches
octave (eighth note of scale)repeats the starting pitch
contains 5 whole steps and 2 halfsteps
examples: majorscales, minorscales, church modes
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Diatonic Scale
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Chromatic Scale
contains 12 pitches
consists entirely of half steps requires sharps or flats
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Chromatic Scale
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Sharps and Flats
flat lowers a note by a half step
sharp raises a note by a half step
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Diatonic vs. Chromatic
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Scales and Instruments
Western instruments are designed to
play scales
some can bend pitches
a little: flute, clarinet, saxophone, guitar
a lot: voice, trombone, violin, cello,timpani
musicians learn toplayin tune
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Listening
chromatic scale
diatonic scale Non-Western scales
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Help on the Web with
Music Theory & Musical Terms
Teoria: Online MusicTheoryReference:
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/index.htm
Solomons Glossaryof
Technical MusicalTerms:http://www.solomonsmusic.net/glossar
y.htm