2 hazards climate science

7/30/2019 2 Hazards Climate Science

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Hazards & Climate Science

Monica Ortiz

Ateneo School of Government

CCA-DRR training, October 16-19, 2012, Albay



• What are hazards?

– Hydrometeorological hazards

– Geophysical hazards – Human-induced hazards

– Other hazards

• Interaksyon ng mga hazard

• Climate Science 101: What is weather,and what is climate?

• What is climate change?



What is a hazard?



HAZARD

A dangerous phenomenon,substance, human activity or

condition that may cause loss

of life, injury or other health

impacts, property damage, lossof livelihoods and services,

social and economic disruption,

or environmental damage.

(UNISDR).



Mga Epekto ng Panganib

– Maraming namamatay, nasasaktan o nawawala

– Nawawalan ng bahay at pag-aari

– Naaapektuhan ang supply ng tubig at pagkain

– Nawawalan ng ani

– Nasisira ang inprastraktura

– Masama ang epekto sa kalusugan

– Napapatigil ang mga basic na serbisyo, trabaho

– Nasisira ang kapaligiran



Types of Hazards

• Hydrometeorological

hazards

• Geophysical hazards

• Anthropogenic/Human

-induced hazards

• Other hazards

Disasters in the Philippines

1906 - 2006



Hydrometeorological hazards



• Alin ang dagat, at alin ang baha??

Hydrometeorological hazards: storm surge




• The lack of rain, manifested in droughts, El

Nino, or excess heat (heat waves) are also

hydrometeorological hazards




• Examples: Typhoons, StormSurge, Floods, Drought, HeatWaves, El Niño or La Niña,very strong winds

• Hydromet hazards are someof the most common causesof disasters

• They can also lead to other

disasters like landslides,forest fires, impacts onhealth

Source: Prevention Web



Geophysical hazards



Geophysical hazards

• Connected to the naturalprocesses of our earth

• For example, earthquakes,

volcanic eruptions,tsunamis, ash fall, debris ormudflow, earthquake-induced and rainfall-inducedlandslides



Human-induced hazards




• Polusyon



Human-induced Hazards

• Environmental degradation: deforestation, oil

spills




• Giyera o

Terorismo



Other hazards

• Pests and diseases

• Technological hazards

•

Health and safetyhazards



Categories of Hazards

1. Discrete recurrent hazards

2. Continuous hazards

3. Discrete singular hazards

Source: Dr. Rosa Perez, Manila Observatory



Interactions of hazards

• Hazard occurrence may sometimes befollowing a previous hazard. Sometimeshazards occur simultaneously

• Maraming panganib ay sanhi ng iba pangpanganib.

– Hal: bagyo baha

– Hal: lindol tsunami

– Hal: heavy rain fall leading to rain-fall inducedhazards



Questions?



Weather and Climate



What’s the weather like today?

• Maaraw? Maulan? Maraming ulap?

• Weather is a reflection of the current state of

the atmosphere. It is characterized bytemperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine,

cloud cover, among other factors



What’s the climate like in the Bicol

Region?

• Climate refersto the averageweather andits variability

over a certaintime-span andarea.

• 30 years is theusual standardfor climateobservation

• Dapat ba ganito ang

suot ni lola sa Cam

Sur?



“Weather-weather lang yan”



The Climate System



• A change of climate which is attributed directly or

indirectly to human activity that alters the

composition of the global atmosphere and which

is in addition to natural climate variability

observed over comparable time periods

• Long-term, measurable changes to climate

factors: for example, temperature, rainfall, windpatterns



The Greenhouse Effect

• Normal ang

“greenhouse effect” o

ang pag-init ng

mundo: kailangannatin para mabuhay




The Greenhouse Effect

• However, scientists have

observed that temperatures

have been rising at a rate

never seen before;• Warming is linked to an

increase in greenhouse

gases, which absorb heatand retain it in the earth’s

atmosphere



Carbon dioxide (CO2)

• Biggest sources of carbon dioxide produced by

humans include the use of fossil fuels for

energy, transport, industry

• Deforestation

• Melting of permafrost



Carbon Dioxide

• Plants and other

photosynthetic

organisms need CO2 to

survive

• However, at the rate of

deforestation, where

are our carbon sinks?



Methane

• Another major greenhouse gas, considered 20

x more efficient at trapping heat

• Landfills and waste, agricultural activity



What are the effects of climate

change?

• Temperature

changes

• Has negative effects

on food and water

security, agricultural

activities,

ecosystems andbiodiversity, human

health

• Global warming vs



Effects of Climate Change

• Sea level rise and ocean acidification



Effects of Climate Change

• Potentially more

frequent and

more intense

climatesextremes,

particularly

hydromethazards



Impacts of Climate Change

• Agriculture == Food security – Farming

– Livestock

–

Aquaculture• Health, particularly vector-borne diseases

• Water security

•

Human behavior and migration• Biodiversity and ecosystem services



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2 hazards climate science

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