2. cranes safety by mr. zaman bhatti (national refinery limited)

8/13/2019 2. Cranes Safety by Mr. Zaman Bhatti (National Refinery Limited)

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Cranes Safety

M. Zaman BhattiManager HSE,

National Refinery Limited


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Major Causes of Crane

AccidentsContact with power lines

Overturns

Falls

Mechanical failures


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Instability

unsecured load, load capacity

exceeded, or ground not level or too soft

Lack of communication- the point of operation

is a distance from the crane operator or not infull view of the operator

Lack of training

Inadequate maintenance or inspection

How Do Accidents Occur?


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Who is at Risk

Operators

Persons at

Crane Site


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Definitions

CraneConsists of a rotating structure for lifting and

lowering horizontally on rubber tires or crawler treads Hoist- Used to lift and lower load.

BoomAn inclined spar, strut, or other long membersupporting the hoisting tackle

Boom stops

A device used to limit the angle of the boomat its highest position

BrakeTo slow or stop motion by friction or power

BlockSheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook,eye and strap

JibExtension attached to the boom point to provide

added boom length for lifting specifiedloads.


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Types of Cranes

Mobile

Hydraulic

OverheadGantry

Tower


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Improper load rating

Excessive speeds

No hand signals

Inadequate inspectionand maintenance

Unguarded parts

Unguarded swingradius

Crane Hazards

Working too close topower lines

Improper exhaustsystem

Shattered windows No steps/guardrails

walkways

No boom angle indicator

Not using outriggers


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Competent Person

The competent person mustinspect all machinery and

equipment prior to each

use, and during use, to

make sure it is in safeoperating condition.

If it needs fixing, take it out

of service and dont use it

until it is fixed

Broken

Track


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Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings

Make sure the craneoperator can see the:

Rated Load

CapacitiesOperating Speeds

Special Hazard

Warning orInstruction

Load Rating Chart


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Know the Weight of the Load

Refer to shipping ticket or otherdocumentation

Ensure lift calculations are correct

Ensure load is within load chart rating forboom length and load radius of crane

Crane is rated by the maximum weight it

will lift at a minimum radius and minimumboom lengththe further from itscenterpoint, the less it will lift


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Load Example

30 ton crane

Will lift 60,000 pounds at 10 feet from thecenter pin of the crane

Based on level surface, no wind, andoutriggers fully extended

At 25 feet from the center pin with an 80 foot

boom, the capacity is only 14,950 pounds At 74 feet from the center pin, the capacity is

only 4,800 pounds


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Improper Load

Improper loads or speeds can result

in the tipping of the crane


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Improper Load


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Improper Load


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Stay clear

from power

lines at least

10 feet

Power Lines


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An illustration of

the signals must

be posted at the

job site

Hand Signals


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Guard Moving Parts

Unguarded

Chain Drive

Guard moving parts such as gears or belts


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Swing Radius

Stay out of the swing radius of the crane

Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius


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Operator Visibility

Broken Window

Make sure broken windows or other obstructions

do not prevent the operator from seeing


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Ladders

Ladder

Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab


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Guardrails

Runways and steps need to have guardrails,handholds and slip resistant surfaces


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Suspended Loads

Dont stand under suspended loads


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Boom Angle Indicator

A boom angle indicator must be on the crane

S ti S f


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Supporting Surface

Cranes must be on a firm supporting

surface and level within 1 percent


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Rigging Equipment Slings

Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope,

metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and

synthetic web.

Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic


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Annual Inspections

Inspection of thehoisting machinery

must be made by a

competent person

The employer must

maintain a record of

these inspections Crane wasnt inspectedand tipped over


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What to Inspect

Correct air pressure and no leaks

Tires properly inflated

Clearance for tail swing

Wire rope wear

Physical damage to crane

Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts

Fluid leaks


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Remove From Service

Immediately remove damaged or

defective slings from service


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Damaged wire rope

Broken Strands

Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service

Crushed Rope


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Conduct

regular

inspections

of tires forexcessive

wear or

damage

Tire Inspections


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What to Inspect

Operators:

must qualify on specific crane type

Must include on-the-job training

Supervisor / competent person


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SummaryAn unstable load, lack of communication, lack oftraining, and inadequate maintenance or inspection aremajor contributors to crane accidents.

Operators or others working in the area can bevictims to struck by" and "caught in" injuries.

Contact with power lines causes many accidents.

A competent person must inspect a crane regularlyto insure it is in proper order.

Planning and training reduces accidents.

2. cranes safety by mr. zaman bhatti (national refinery limited)

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