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Sustainable Development Synergies and Co-benefits of Low-carbon Transport

Measures

Manfred Breithaupt, GIZEcoMobility World Festival 2015

Johannesburg, South Africa

Low-carbon transport as trigger for sustainable development

• Transport energy consumption could be 40-50% lower compared to the current levels only by using readily available and cost effective measures (IEA 2014)

• In addition to being cost-effective, low-carbon transport also has the potential to generate a number of sustainable development benefits

Co-benefits for key climate change mitigation measures

• An integrated policy approach that combines measures to avoid travel by keeping trips short, shifts trips to low-carbon transport modes and improves transport technologies can generate synergies between various objectives and avoid trade-offs

• Technology focused strategies are more likely to generate trade-offs and have a smaller potential for synergies

AVOID Reducing the need to travel

SHIFT Changing mode choice

IMPROVEIncreasing the energy efficiency of vehicles, fuels and transport

operations

Carlos Pardo, 2008

Claudio Varano, 2004 2010

Opportunities for sustainable development benefits

• Energy security is a key policy objective on the national level and transport plays a major role in this due to its almost complete dependence on petroleum products.

• Reducing imports of fossil fuel products has a direct impact on the terms of trade and overall economic efficiency.


• Congestion is a major issue in many urban areas of developing cities and creates substantial economic cost.

• For example, it accounts for around 3.4% in Dakar and 4% in Manila, 3.3% to 5.3% in Beijing, China, up to 6% in Bangkok and up to 10% in Lima


• Improved access and re-allocating space from roads and parking to more people centred-activities can significantly improve the quality of live in cities.


• Improved reliability of travel times for both people and freight can also contribute substantially the attractiveness of cities and the ease of doing businesses. This can sometimes be achieved by cost effient measures such as creating bus lanes (e.g. 470 km of excl bus lanes in Sao Paulo during last 2 years)


• Air quality is a major issue to which low-carbon transport can make a positive contribution by reducing vehicle engine emissions such as sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), volatile organic compounds (VOC), toxic metals, and particulate matter (PM)

• Example: Bogota s TransMilenio saved annually aprox 1 million tCO2 , besides a considerable reducion of other external costs, suc as a reduction of 43 % in SO2, 18 % in Nox, and 12 % in PM Turner, 2012)


• Health benefits of non-motorized transport (NMT) by cycling and walking significantly outweigh the risks due to pollution inhalation

• Example: Walking and Cycling in Copenhagen leads to improved health through increased physical activity, generating economic health benefits of about 2 billion DDK (around 270 million Euro) annually


• Road safety is a major issue as road accidents killed around 1.27 million in 2011, over 90% in low-income countries. In addition, between 20 to 50 million people suffer serious injuries annually.

• Example: Trans Milenio system in Bogota reduces commuting times by a third, improves access and reduces accidents on BRT corridors by almost 90%

Sustainable development potential of low-carbon transport

• A range of policy, technology and infrastructure measures are readily available to initiate the transition to a low-carbon transport system

• Key factor for success is the combination and integration of measures and impact assessments can be an important guide on this

• National and local policy measures and strategies that address transport Activity, Structure, Intensity and Fuels

Main Components of Sustainable Transport

• Public Transport with priority over all other modes on the road

• Non-motorised transport • Creating/conserving

public space• PT Integration• TDM measures• Vehicle Technologies

Do you see these factors here?

Activity

• Reduction and management: short distances, compact cities and mixed use

• Potential to reduce energy consumption by 10 to 30%

• Co-benefits: Reduced travel times; improved air quality, public health, safety and more equitable access

Structure

• Shift to more energy efficient modes (Public Transport, Walking and Cycling

• Potential of up to 30% reductions

• Co-benefits: Reduced urban congestion and more equitable access

Intensity

• Vehicle fuel efficiency (more efficient Internal Combustion Engines)

• Efficiency improvement of 40-60% by 2030 feasible at low or negative costs

• Co-benefits: Improved energy security, productivity and affordability

Fuels

• Switch to electricity, hydrogen, CNG, biofuels and other fuels

• Emission theoretical reduction potential, with greater costs and uncertainties

• Co-benefits: Diversification of the fuels used contributes to climate, air quality and/or energy security objectives

Case studies: Congestion charging in Singapore

• Public transport patronage increased by 45% , 25% decrease in road site accidents, and average travel speeds increasing from about 20 km/h to 30 km/h

• The system has been constantly upgraded and a number of supporting measures introduced. This led to public transport having a modal share of over 60% in daily traffic

Case studies: Metro in Delhi

• The metro in Delhi was estimated to lead to an overall reduction of 2.3% (about 115 ktCO2-eq.) in CO2 emissions in the initial phase, with the potential of reductions up to 10% (463 ktCO2-eq)

• Air pollution was estimated to amount to lower emissions of NOx (1143t to 2887t), PM (163t to 325t), CO (6545t to 13,089t) and HC (1951t to 3902t)

Building coalitions for sustainable transport and climate change mitigation

• Vital for the success of long-term policy and infrastructure decisions is support from key political players, stakeholders and the wider public.

Generating synergies: next steps

• Reach out to relevant stakeholders• Find partners to support you and develop coalitions• Use the potential for co-benefits to address objectives of key players• Initiate public participation • Keep up the momentum• Do not wait until nearly everyone agrees. That will never happen.

Successful pilots show the potential and can be quickly scaled up. Learning from pilots is key, such as the examples from Curitiba, London, Paris,Copenhagen, Bogota, SFO and other cities have shown.

Non-EuropeanCities: Bogotá

Curitiba

Singapore

Tokyo

Europe:

Zurich

Vienna

Amsterdam

Groningen

Copenhagen

Freiburg

Muenster

London

International Experiences reg livable Cities

All of these successes featured an integrated and packaged approach:

1. High-quality public transport2. Improved conditions for walking and bicycling3. Effective integration of modes4. Supportive land-use policies5. Car-restriction measures

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Environment