(2) تاريخ العربية السعودية-اليكسي فاسيلييف

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ﻓﺎﺴﻴﻠﻴﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻜﺴﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ. ﻓﺎﺴﻴﻠﻴﻴﻑ__________________________ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﻴﻥ، ﺴﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﻀﻪ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺒﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ١٢ ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻭﺍﺴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻤﺔ. ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻭﺍﺴﻴﺎ ﺭﻭﺴﻴﺎ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺜﻠﺙ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ. ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻁ ﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻏﺩﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺃﻭل. ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺎﺠﺯﺓ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺴﻤﺎل ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ. ﺃﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺁل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﻟﺜﺭﻭﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﺠﺎﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﻭﺒﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل ﻁﻭﺍﻏﻴﺕ. ﻓﻲ ﺘﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻤﻔﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﺍﻀﻁﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺩﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ، ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻤﻴﺭﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻓﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ، ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺭ، ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺨﻡ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺎﺌﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺤﻜﻡ. ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﺼﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ" ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ" ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻏﺯﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ، ﺤﺭﺏ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻨﻌﻨﻲ، ﻭﺘﺠﺯﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻼل ﺨﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﻨﻁﻭﻱ ﺒل ﻟﻠﻜﻭﻴﺕ،. ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻤﻬﺩ ﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ. ﺃﺭﺍﻀﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ_ ﻓﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﺤﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﻗﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ، ﻓﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﻻﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺠﻬﻭﻥ. ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﻴﻀﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻭﺓ ﻭﺘﻌﻤﻕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﻌﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ. ﻓﻲ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ_ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﻴ ﺴﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻔﻴﻥ. ﺠﻴﻠﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻴل ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻏﻀﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﻟﻘﺩ. ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻭﻴﻼﺕ ﻤﺘﻬﻴﺌﺎ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻁﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺌﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴل ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺴﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﻟﺩﻴﻪ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ. ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺒﺩﺍ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺽ ﺍﻨﻔﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻭﺭﺓ، ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻴﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ، ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻴﻌﺠﺯ ﻨﺎﺸﺊ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﺜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻜﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ. ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺒﺩﻴﻬﻲ.

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